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2021高三全国统考英语（话题版）一轮学案：第1编话题四Book2Unit5Music
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1．Honestly speaking, she has a talent for music because her parents are both musicians.
说实话，她有音乐天赋，因为她的父母都是音乐家。
2．While he was a thirdgrade student in an elementary school, he developed an interest in cello and had daily cello lessons.
当他上小学三年级的时候，他对大提琴感兴趣，并每天上大提琴课。
3．Overcoming my fear, I plucked up my courage to share my real feelings with my teacher about whether I would take part in the English Song Singing Competition.
克服了恐惧心理，我鼓起勇气与老师分享了我是否参加英语歌咏比赛的想法。
4．He is known for combining both Chinese and western musical styles to produce a fresh sound.
他因为将中西方音乐风格结合起来形成新的音乐而出名。
自主排查 夯基固本
Ⅰ 核心单词
(1)roll (vt.& vi.) 滚动；(使)摇摆 (n.) 摇晃；卷；卷形物；面包圈
(2)attach (vt.& vi.) 系上；缚上；附加；连接→attachment (n.) 附件；附属物
(3)form (vt.) (使)组成；形成；构成
(4)earn (vt.) 赚；挣得；获得→earnings (n.) 薪水；工资
(5)perform (vt.& vi.) 表演；履行；执行→performance (n.) 表演；演奏→performer (n.) 表演者
(6)rely (vi.) 依赖；依靠→reliable (adj.) 可靠的；可信赖的
(7)attractive (adj.) 吸引人的；有吸引力的→attract (vt.) 吸引；引起→attraction (n.) 吸引；吸引力；吸引人的事物
(8)confident (adj.) 自信的；确信的→confidence (n.) 自信；信任
(9)brief (adj.) 简短的；简要的 (n.) 摘要；大纲→briefly (adv.) 简要地；短暂地
(10)devotion (n.) 投入；热爱→devote (vt.) 奉献；致力于→devoted (adj.) 献身的；忠诚的
Ⅱ 阅读单词
(1)musician (n.) 音乐家
(2)pretend (vt.) 假装；假扮
(3)passerby (n.) 过路人；行人
(4)extra (adj.) 额外的；外加的
(5)familiar (adj.) 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的
(6)addition (n.) 加；增加；加法
(7)afterwards (adv.) 然后；后来
(8)invitation (n.) 邀请；招待
(9)sensitive (adj.) 敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的
(10)painful (adj.) 痛苦的；疼痛的
[单句语法填空]
1．Hopefully, you will accept our ________ (invite) if it is convenient for you.
答案：invitation
2．Some of the younger pop bands try to imitate their ________ (music) heroes from the past.
答案：musical
3．Applying for jobs can be a long and ________ (pain) process.
答案：painful
4．Frank Hurley, a ________ (confidence) and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was on a visit to the gallery.
答案：confident
5．He was told to speak ________ (brief); accordingly he cut short his remarks.
答案：briefly
6．Would you please keep silent? The weather report ________ (broadcast) and I want to listen.
答案：is being broadcast
7．That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. In short, he's ________ (rely)．
答案：reliable
8．While sitting in the chair, he began ________ (form) a plan in his mind.
答案：to form/forming
9．Hangzhou is considered to be one of the most ________ (attract) places in China.
答案：attractive
10．The dance ________ (perform) by the disabled actors is really a hit.
答案：performed
联想积累
1．与“音乐”有关的高频单词集锦
①perform vt. 演出；表演
②performance n. 演出；表演
③classical adj. 古典的
④compose vt.& vi. 作(曲)
⑤composer n. 创作者
⑥conduct vt. 指挥
⑦album n. 专辑
2．含“ician”必备名词全扫描
①musician 音乐家
②magician 魔术师；巫师
③mathematician 数学家
④technician 技术员；技师
⑤politician 政治家
⑥statistician 统计学家
⑦electrician 电工；电气专家
⑧physician 医生；内科医师
3．复合词
①passerby n. 过路人；行人
②brotherinlaw n. 姐夫；妹夫
③soninlaw n. 女婿
④editorinchief n. 主编
1．dream_of 梦想；梦见；设想
2．to_be_honest 说实话；说实在地
3．attach ... to 认为有(重要性、意义)
4．in_cash 用现金；有现钱
5．play_jokes_on 戏弄
6．rely_on 依赖；依靠
7．be/get familiar with 与……熟悉起来
8．or so 大约
9．break up 打碎；分裂；解体
10．in addition 另外；也
11．sort out 分类
12．above all 最重要；首先
[选词填空]
be familiar with, rely on, attach ... to ... , play jokes on, above all, break up
1．They ________ after two months of arguments, neither willing to compromise.
答案：broke up
2．Bicycling is good for health; ________， it doesn't pollute the air.
答案：above all
3．If you want to get along well with strangers, never ________ them.
答案：play jokes on
4．She ________ great importance ________ regular exercise.
答案：attached; to
5．Those who you can ________ at any time are true friends and they will always stand by you no matter what happens.
答案：rely on
6．We won't go wrong, because I ________ the streets here.
答案：am familiar with
联想积累
1．“动词＋up”短语大全
①break up 打碎；分裂；解体
②build up 建立；逐步增长
③come up 上来；发生；发芽
④bring up 抚养；教育
⑤give up 放弃
⑥go up 增长；上升
⑦hurry up 快点
⑧make up 构成；化妆；编造；弥补
⑨pick up 捡起；拾起；搭载；学会；(情况)好转
⑩pull up (使)停下；斥责
⑪put up 张贴；举起；建造；提高；留宿
⑫set up 建立；设立
⑬look up 向上看；查阅
⑭hold up 支撑
联想积累
2．“动词＋of ”必备短语一览
①dream of 梦见；梦想；设想
②consist of 由……组成
③approve of 赞成
④die of 死于
⑤talk/speak of 谈到
⑥hear of 听说
⑦think of 想到
3．to短语作插入语
①to be honest 说实在地
②to be frank 坦白地说
③to begin with 首先
④to tell you the truth说实话
⑤to make matters worse 使问题更糟糕的是
课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
They may start as a group of highschool students, for whom practising their music in someone's house is the first step to fame.
他们开始可能是一组中学生，对他们来说在别人家里排练音乐是成名的第一步。
作主语时，可以用动词ing形式，此时，谓语动词用单数。
____________________________________ with my classmates is really a meaningful experience.
和同学一起去参观首都博物馆的确是一次有意义的经历。
答案：Visiting the Capital Museum
直击重点 突破考点
① pretend vt. 假装；装扮(P34)
单句语法填空
①She closed her eyes and pretended ________ (be) asleep when her mother returned home.
②Don't pretend ________ (understand) when you don't yet.
③She would often pretend ________ (read) to avoid doing housework.
答案：①to be ②to have understood ③to be reading
pretend
和pretend有类似用法(后接to do/to be doing/to have done)的动词还有happen, appear, seem, claim以及be said to结构。
② attach vt.& vi. 系上；缚上；附加；连接(P34)
单句写作
①Her parents always ________________________ her getting a good education.
她的父母一直非常重视让她接受良好的教育。
②After graduation, he has been working in a middle school, which ______________ Nanjing Normal University.
毕业之后，他就一直在南京师范大学的一所附属中学工作。
③________ a recent photograph ________ your application form.
申请表上请粘贴一张近照。
答案：①attach great importance to ②is attached to
③Attach; to
(1)attach ... to ... 认为有(重要性、意义)；附上；连接
attach importance/significance/value to ... 认为……有重要性/意义/价值
attach to sb./sth. (使)与某人/物有关系/有关联
(2)attached adj. 喜爱的；依恋的；附属的
be attached to 附属于；依恋
③ form n. 形状；形态；外形；表格；形式 v．(使)组成；形成；构成；排列(P34)
单句写作
①We should ________________ washing our hands before having the meals.
我们应该养成饭前洗手的习惯。
②Events in early childhood often help ____________________ in our later life.
童年早期发生的事常常帮助形成我们长大之后的个性。
③You'd sound a lot more polite if you make a request ______________ a question.
如果你以问问题的方式提出请求，听起来会更有礼貌。
答案：①form the habit of ②(to) form our personalities/characters ③in the form of
(1)form the habit of doing sth. 养成做某事的习惯
(2)in the form of 以……的形式
fill in/out the form 填表格
take the form of 采取……的形式；表现为……的形式
④ perform vt.& vi. 表演；执行；履行(约定、诺言、命令等)(P38)
单句语法填空
①Once ________ (perform), the works of Beethoven must attract all the people present at the concert.
②So let's hear some applause for these talented young ________ (perform)．
③In the camp, we will have some English speaking competitions, and watch some wonderful ________ (perform) given by the students.
答案：①performed ②performers ③performances
(1)perform a(n) ... role in 在……中起……作用
perform an operation/a play 进行手术/演一场戏
perform one's duty/promise 尽某人的责任/履行某人的承诺
(2)performance n. 执行；表演；演奏；履行；表现
put on/give a performance 表演
(3)performer n. 执行者；表演者
⑤ familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的(P38)
单句写作
①Last but not least, I am ______________ all the places in our city.
最后，我对我们的城市很熟悉。
②The photo taken in my hometown was ____________ me, but now the place has changed a lot.
在家乡照的这张照片对我来说很熟悉，但是现在这个地方变化很大。
③She speaks no Japanese and is ______________ Japanese culture.
她不说日语并且不熟悉日本文化。
答案：①familiar with ②familiar to ③unfamiliar with
Sb. be familiar with ... 某人对……熟悉
... be familiar to sb. ……为某人所熟悉
unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的
① rely on 依靠；依赖；指望(P34)
(1)单句语法填空
①You may rely on ________ that the work will be finished ahead of the deadline.
②Broadcast news is accurate and ________ (rely) but really dull.
答案：①it ②reliable
(2)单句写作
①All of these freedoms __________ one thing: tolerance.
所有这些自由都依赖于一样东西：宽容。
②You can ____________________ when you are in trouble.
你可以相信当你处于困难时她会帮助你。
答案：①rely on ②rely on her to help you/rely on her help
rely on/upon sb./sth. 依靠某人/某事(物)
rely on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事；相信某人会做某事
rely on one's doing sth. 指望/相信/依赖某人做某事；相信某人会做某事
rely on it that ... 相信……；指望……
reliable adj. 可靠的
rely on与depend on同义，当接宾语从句时，需后接it作形式宾语。
② break up 打碎；分裂；解体(P34)
单句写作
①Never feel annoyed if you ______________ with your boyfriend. As you know, there are plenty of fish in the sea.
如果与男友分手，不要难过。你知道，天涯何处无芳草。
②Put the extinguisher in place in case a fire __________.
把灭火器放好，以防火灾爆发。
③Regular workout and enough sleep can prevent you from ______________.
定期锻炼加上足够的睡眠不会使你身体垮掉。
④Finding his house ________________， he immediately dialed 110.
发现有人闯入他家，他马上拨打110报警。
⑤One or two of the tourists ____________________ the tour group because of hot weather.
由于天气炎热，有一两个游客退出了旅游团。
答案：①break up ②breaks out ③breaking down ④broken into ⑤broke away from
break away from 摆脱；脱离
break down 出故障；分解；身体垮掉
break out (火灾、战争、瘟疫等)爆发
break through 突破
break in 强行闯入；打断；插嘴(不及物动词短语)
break into 破门而入(及物动词短语)
break off 突然终止；断绝(关系)；折断
③ above all最重要；首先(P40)
单句写作
①Never waste anything, and ____________ never waste time.
别浪费任何东西，最重要的是别浪费时间。
②______________， his strong will and noble spirit is worth our admiration and learning.
总而言之，他坚强的意志和高尚的精神值得我们崇拜和学习。
③______________， please allow me to thank you for inviting me to attend this conference.
首先，请允许我感谢您邀请我出席这次会议。
答案：①above all ②All in all ③First of all
after all 毕竟；终究
all in all 整体说来；总而言之
in all 总计；合计
at all (否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟；根本
first of all 首先
① [教材原句]The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles. (P34)
组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此打趣逗笑。这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。
单句语法填空
①The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
②This is the ipad ________ which I spent 3,000 yuan.
③There are many reasons ________ which people like traveling.
④The little girl is reading a book, ________ which there are many cartoons.
答案：①whom ②on ③for ④in
(1)most of which是“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构，用来引导定语从句。常见的此类结构还有：some/several/a few/a little/many/more＋of which/whom等。
(2)“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选用主要遵循以下三个原则。
一先：根据先行词与介词的搭配关系选择介词。
二谓：根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择介词。
三意义：根据句子的意思来选择介词。
引导定语从句的关系副词常可以和“介词＋关系代词(which)”互换。
② [教材原句]Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed. (P38)
弗雷迪和他的乐队无论走到哪儿都有人跟踪。
单句写作
①The book, All Men Are Brothers, shows us that they couldn't make friends ________________.
在《水浒传》这本书中，描写了很多 “不打不成交”的情节。
②You ____________ the country ________ a passport.
没有护照你就不能离开这个国家。
③__________ is impossible to courage.
勇士面前无险路。
④Such is the kindness of the nurse that the patient can never ________________ to her.
这就是这位护士的仁爱，病人无论怎么感激她都不为过。
答案：①without fighting ②can't leave; without ③No way ④be too thankful
(1)not ... without ... “没有……就不能……”。这是一种双重否定句式，表示肯定意义。其中否定词也可以是no, never或加否定前缀构成的否定意义的词。
(2)常见的用否定形式表示肯定意义的结构有：
cannot ... too ... 越……越好；无论怎样……也不为过
cannot wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事
cannot help doing sth.禁不住/忍不住做某事
课文回练 升华运用
Most young people have wanted to be a famous singer or musician. They have dreamed __1__ playing in front of audience. Honestly speaking, many people attach great importance to __2__ (become) rich and famous.
Many musicians meet and form a band. They may start __3__ a group of highschool students. At first, they may play to __4__ (passerby) in the street. Later, they may give __5__ (perform) in pubs or clubs. Of course they want to make a lot of money.
However, there was one band __6__ (call) the Monkees that started in a different way. It began as a TV show. The TV organizers had planned to find four rock musicians, __7__ they could find only one. They had to use actors, __8__ had to rely on other musicians to help them. They just pretended __9__ (sing). Their performances were soon successful and popular, and after a year or so, the Monkees began to play and sing __10__ (they) own songs like a real band.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
答案：1.of/about 2.becoming 3.as 4.passersby 5.performances 6.called 7.but 8.who 9.to sing 10.their
基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The meeting didn't break ________ until noon.
答案：up break up “结束；解散”。
2．She buried her head under the covers, ________ (pretend) to be asleep.
答案：pretending 此处She与pretend之间是主动关系，且pretend表示的动作几乎与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，故用现在分词pretending作伴随状语。
3．The process is ________ (pain), but the result is desirable. Remember: no pains, no gains.
答案：painful 此处形容词painful “痛苦的”，作表语。
4．She was efficient and ________ (rely), so we all liked her very much.
答案：reliable 此处形容词reliable “可靠的”，作表语。
5．He was full of ________ (confident) so that he would be admitted to the famous university.
答案：confidence full of confidence “充满信心”。
6．It is hard for migrant workers ________ (earn) a living, especially during the present financial crisis.
答案：to earn 此处to earn a living是不定式短语作主语，句首It是形式主语。
7．The old are much ________ (attach) to old customs and habits.
答案：attached be attached to “依恋……”。
8．Tom and his twin sisters are going to put on a ________ (perform) tomorrow evening.
答案：performance put on a performance “演出”。
9．To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, ________ all, honest.
答案：above above all为固定短语，意为“最重要；首先”。
10．(2017·北京高考)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
答案：whose 本空需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，句子还原后的表达是one of its purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation，这里把作定语的物主代词its改为whose，引导定语从句并在从句中作定语，its相当于the World Food Programme's。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．Chinese characters play an important role in passing on Chinese culture, so we should ____________________ (重视) our handwriting.
答案：attach importance to
2．________________ (说实话), learning Chinese well is not an easy job.
答案：To be honest
3．Usually, it's not polite to ____________________ strangers.
通常对陌生人开玩笑是不礼貌的。
答案：play jokes on
4．______________________________________________________________
另外，如有需要，我都乐于提供帮助。(in addition)
答案：In addition, I'm ready to give help whenever it is needed.
5．_________________________________________________________
我年轻时渴望成为一名科学家。你呢？
答案：When I was young I dreamed of becoming a scientist. What about you?
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·北大附中高考英语模拟试卷(3月份))Johann Strauss was __1__ Austrian composer of light music, particularly dance music and operettas (轻歌剧). He was born in Vienna in 1825. Although his father didn't want him __2__ (become) a musician, Strauss studied the violin __3__ (secret) when he was a child. When his father discovered his son was practicing on a violin one day, he gave him a beating, __4__ (say) that he was going to beat the music out of the boy. But that didn't prevent the boy from becoming one of the greatest __5__ (composer) of all time. He wrote his first waltz at six. At the age of 19, he decided to devote himself to __6__ (write) music. He formed his own orchestra and made a successful tour to Europe and soon became famous. The emperor of Austria was so __7__ (please) with his music that he appointed him the conductor at the court balls of Vienna. It was for these occasions that he wrote some of his most popular waltzes, among __8__ was the well－known favorite The Blue Danube. In all, the talented Johann Strauss wrote more than 500 masterpieces. In his lifetime, he was known __9__ the Waltz King, and was largely responsible for the __10__ (popular) of the waltz in Vienna during the 19th century.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一位澳大利亚轻音乐作曲家Johann Strauss。
1．an 考查冠词。composer是可数名词，且Austrian以元音音素开头，故填an。
2．to become 考查非谓语动词。want sb. to do sth. 意为“想要某人做某事”。
3．secretly 考查词性转换。设空处修饰动词studied，要用副词，故填secretly。
4．saying 考查非谓语动词。he和say之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语，故填saying。
5．composers 考查名词。one of后加复数名词，表示“……之一”，故填composers。
6．writing 考查固定搭配。设空处作介词to的宾语，devote oneself to doing “献身于/致力于做某事”，固定搭配，故填writing。
7．pleased 考查词性转换。设空处在句中作表语，且表示“满意的”，故填pleased。
8．which 考查定语从句的引导词。这是一个非限制性定语从句，设空处为“介词＋which”引导定语从句，故填which。
9．as 考查固定词组。be known as意为“作为……而出名”，故填介词as。
10．popularity 考查词性转换。设空处应用名词作介词for的宾语，故填popularity。
Ⅳ.短文改错
Getting rid of the bad habit of procrastination (拖延症) is now my goal in life. My first step was to set small targets what can be reached realistically. For example, I plan to set a timetable for my study. So after school, I will put finishing homework in the last place. Additionally, I will make a list of my important task including their due dates but follow my schedule strictly. I will avoid find excuses for putting them off. At same time, I will ask for my friends and parents to help me. By achieving this small targets, I have confident that I will overcome procrastination.
答案：
Getting rid of the bad habit of procrastination (拖延症) is now my goal in life. My first step to set small targets can be reached realistically. For example, I plan to set a timetable for my study. So after school, I will put finishing homework in the place. Additionally, I will make a list of my important including their due dates follow my schedule strictly. I will avoid excuses for putting them off. At same time, I will ask my friends and parents to help me. By achieving small targets, I have that I will overcome procrastination.
难项分析：
第二处：what→that/which 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，本句是一个含有定语从句的复
合句，先行词targets在定语从句中作主语，指物，应用that/which来引导该从句。
第五处：but→and 考查连词。根据上下文可知，make和follow两个动作之间是递进关系，故用and。
第十处：confident→confidence 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用confident的名词形式confidence作have的宾语。
1．Honestly speaking, she has a talent for music because her parents are both musicians.
说实话，她有音乐天赋，因为她的父母都是音乐家。
2．While he was a thirdgrade student in an elementary school, he developed an interest in cello and had daily cello lessons.
当他上小学三年级的时候，他对大提琴感兴趣，并每天上大提琴课。
3．Overcoming my fear, I plucked up my courage to share my real feelings with my teacher about whether I would take part in the English Song Singing Competition.
克服了恐惧心理，我鼓起勇气与老师分享了我是否参加英语歌咏比赛的想法。
4．He is known for combining both Chinese and western musical styles to produce a fresh sound.
他因为将中西方音乐风格结合起来形成新的音乐而出名。
自主排查 夯基固本
Ⅰ 核心单词
(1)roll (vt.& vi.) 滚动；(使)摇摆 (n.) 摇晃；卷；卷形物；面包圈
(2)attach (vt.& vi.) 系上；缚上；附加；连接→attachment (n.) 附件；附属物
(3)form (vt.) (使)组成；形成；构成
(4)earn (vt.) 赚；挣得；获得→earnings (n.) 薪水；工资
(5)perform (vt.& vi.) 表演；履行；执行→performance (n.) 表演；演奏→performer (n.) 表演者
(6)rely (vi.) 依赖；依靠→reliable (adj.) 可靠的；可信赖的
(7)attractive (adj.) 吸引人的；有吸引力的→attract (vt.) 吸引；引起→attraction (n.) 吸引；吸引力；吸引人的事物
(8)confident (adj.) 自信的；确信的→confidence (n.) 自信；信任
(9)brief (adj.) 简短的；简要的 (n.) 摘要；大纲→briefly (adv.) 简要地；短暂地
(10)devotion (n.) 投入；热爱→devote (vt.) 奉献；致力于→devoted (adj.) 献身的；忠诚的
Ⅱ 阅读单词
(1)musician (n.) 音乐家
(2)pretend (vt.) 假装；假扮
(3)passerby (n.) 过路人；行人
(4)extra (adj.) 额外的；外加的
(5)familiar (adj.) 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的
(6)addition (n.) 加；增加；加法
(7)afterwards (adv.) 然后；后来
(8)invitation (n.) 邀请；招待
(9)sensitive (adj.) 敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的
(10)painful (adj.) 痛苦的；疼痛的
[单句语法填空]
1．Hopefully, you will accept our ________ (invite) if it is convenient for you.
答案：invitation
2．Some of the younger pop bands try to imitate their ________ (music) heroes from the past.
答案：musical
3．Applying for jobs can be a long and ________ (pain) process.
答案：painful
4．Frank Hurley, a ________ (confidence) and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was on a visit to the gallery.
答案：confident
5．He was told to speak ________ (brief); accordingly he cut short his remarks.
答案：briefly
6．Would you please keep silent? The weather report ________ (broadcast) and I want to listen.
答案：is being broadcast
7．That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. In short, he's ________ (rely)．
答案：reliable
8．While sitting in the chair, he began ________ (form) a plan in his mind.
答案：to form/forming
9．Hangzhou is considered to be one of the most ________ (attract) places in China.
答案：attractive
10．The dance ________ (perform) by the disabled actors is really a hit.
答案：performed
联想积累
1．与“音乐”有关的高频单词集锦
①perform vt. 演出；表演
②performance n. 演出；表演
③classical adj. 古典的
④compose vt.& vi. 作(曲)
⑤composer n. 创作者
⑥conduct vt. 指挥
⑦album n. 专辑
2．含“ician”必备名词全扫描
①musician 音乐家
②magician 魔术师；巫师
③mathematician 数学家
④technician 技术员；技师
⑤politician 政治家
⑥statistician 统计学家
⑦electrician 电工；电气专家
⑧physician 医生；内科医师
3．复合词
①passerby n. 过路人；行人
②brotherinlaw n. 姐夫；妹夫
③soninlaw n. 女婿
④editorinchief n. 主编
1．dream_of 梦想；梦见；设想
2．to_be_honest 说实话；说实在地
3．attach ... to 认为有(重要性、意义)
4．in_cash 用现金；有现钱
5．play_jokes_on 戏弄
6．rely_on 依赖；依靠
7．be/get familiar with 与……熟悉起来
8．or so 大约
9．break up 打碎；分裂；解体
10．in addition 另外；也
11．sort out 分类
12．above all 最重要；首先
[选词填空]
be familiar with, rely on, attach ... to ... , play jokes on, above all, break up
1．They ________ after two months of arguments, neither willing to compromise.
答案：broke up
2．Bicycling is good for health; ________， it doesn't pollute the air.
答案：above all
3．If you want to get along well with strangers, never ________ them.
答案：play jokes on
4．She ________ great importance ________ regular exercise.
答案：attached; to
5．Those who you can ________ at any time are true friends and they will always stand by you no matter what happens.
答案：rely on
6．We won't go wrong, because I ________ the streets here.
答案：am familiar with
联想积累
1．“动词＋up”短语大全
①break up 打碎；分裂；解体
②build up 建立；逐步增长
③come up 上来；发生；发芽
④bring up 抚养；教育
⑤give up 放弃
⑥go up 增长；上升
⑦hurry up 快点
⑧make up 构成；化妆；编造；弥补
⑨pick up 捡起；拾起；搭载；学会；(情况)好转
⑩pull up (使)停下；斥责
⑪put up 张贴；举起；建造；提高；留宿
⑫set up 建立；设立
⑬look up 向上看；查阅
⑭hold up 支撑
联想积累
2．“动词＋of ”必备短语一览
①dream of 梦见；梦想；设想
②consist of 由……组成
③approve of 赞成
④die of 死于
⑤talk/speak of 谈到
⑥hear of 听说
⑦think of 想到
3．to短语作插入语
①to be honest 说实在地
②to be frank 坦白地说
③to begin with 首先
④to tell you the truth说实话
⑤to make matters worse 使问题更糟糕的是
课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
They may start as a group of highschool students, for whom practising their music in someone's house is the first step to fame.
他们开始可能是一组中学生，对他们来说在别人家里排练音乐是成名的第一步。
作主语时，可以用动词ing形式，此时，谓语动词用单数。
____________________________________ with my classmates is really a meaningful experience.
和同学一起去参观首都博物馆的确是一次有意义的经历。
答案：Visiting the Capital Museum
直击重点 突破考点
① pretend vt. 假装；装扮(P34)
单句语法填空
①She closed her eyes and pretended ________ (be) asleep when her mother returned home.
②Don't pretend ________ (understand) when you don't yet.
③She would often pretend ________ (read) to avoid doing housework.
答案：①to be ②to have understood ③to be reading
pretend
和pretend有类似用法(后接to do/to be doing/to have done)的动词还有happen, appear, seem, claim以及be said to结构。
② attach vt.& vi. 系上；缚上；附加；连接(P34)
单句写作
①Her parents always ________________________ her getting a good education.
她的父母一直非常重视让她接受良好的教育。
②After graduation, he has been working in a middle school, which ______________ Nanjing Normal University.
毕业之后，他就一直在南京师范大学的一所附属中学工作。
③________ a recent photograph ________ your application form.
申请表上请粘贴一张近照。
答案：①attach great importance to ②is attached to
③Attach; to
(1)attach ... to ... 认为有(重要性、意义)；附上；连接
attach importance/significance/value to ... 认为……有重要性/意义/价值
attach to sb./sth. (使)与某人/物有关系/有关联
(2)attached adj. 喜爱的；依恋的；附属的
be attached to 附属于；依恋
③ form n. 形状；形态；外形；表格；形式 v．(使)组成；形成；构成；排列(P34)
单句写作
①We should ________________ washing our hands before having the meals.
我们应该养成饭前洗手的习惯。
②Events in early childhood often help ____________________ in our later life.
童年早期发生的事常常帮助形成我们长大之后的个性。
③You'd sound a lot more polite if you make a request ______________ a question.
如果你以问问题的方式提出请求，听起来会更有礼貌。
答案：①form the habit of ②(to) form our personalities/characters ③in the form of
(1)form the habit of doing sth. 养成做某事的习惯
(2)in the form of 以……的形式
fill in/out the form 填表格
take the form of 采取……的形式；表现为……的形式
④ perform vt.& vi. 表演；执行；履行(约定、诺言、命令等)(P38)
单句语法填空
①Once ________ (perform), the works of Beethoven must attract all the people present at the concert.
②So let's hear some applause for these talented young ________ (perform)．
③In the camp, we will have some English speaking competitions, and watch some wonderful ________ (perform) given by the students.
答案：①performed ②performers ③performances
(1)perform a(n) ... role in 在……中起……作用
perform an operation/a play 进行手术/演一场戏
perform one's duty/promise 尽某人的责任/履行某人的承诺
(2)performance n. 执行；表演；演奏；履行；表现
put on/give a performance 表演
(3)performer n. 执行者；表演者
⑤ familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的(P38)
单句写作
①Last but not least, I am ______________ all the places in our city.
最后，我对我们的城市很熟悉。
②The photo taken in my hometown was ____________ me, but now the place has changed a lot.
在家乡照的这张照片对我来说很熟悉，但是现在这个地方变化很大。
③She speaks no Japanese and is ______________ Japanese culture.
她不说日语并且不熟悉日本文化。
答案：①familiar with ②familiar to ③unfamiliar with
Sb. be familiar with ... 某人对……熟悉
... be familiar to sb. ……为某人所熟悉
unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的
① rely on 依靠；依赖；指望(P34)
(1)单句语法填空
①You may rely on ________ that the work will be finished ahead of the deadline.
②Broadcast news is accurate and ________ (rely) but really dull.
答案：①it ②reliable
(2)单句写作
①All of these freedoms __________ one thing: tolerance.
所有这些自由都依赖于一样东西：宽容。
②You can ____________________ when you are in trouble.
你可以相信当你处于困难时她会帮助你。
答案：①rely on ②rely on her to help you/rely on her help
rely on/upon sb./sth. 依靠某人/某事(物)
rely on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事；相信某人会做某事
rely on one's doing sth. 指望/相信/依赖某人做某事；相信某人会做某事
rely on it that ... 相信……；指望……
reliable adj. 可靠的
rely on与depend on同义，当接宾语从句时，需后接it作形式宾语。
② break up 打碎；分裂；解体(P34)
单句写作
①Never feel annoyed if you ______________ with your boyfriend. As you know, there are plenty of fish in the sea.
如果与男友分手，不要难过。你知道，天涯何处无芳草。
②Put the extinguisher in place in case a fire __________.
把灭火器放好，以防火灾爆发。
③Regular workout and enough sleep can prevent you from ______________.
定期锻炼加上足够的睡眠不会使你身体垮掉。
④Finding his house ________________， he immediately dialed 110.
发现有人闯入他家，他马上拨打110报警。
⑤One or two of the tourists ____________________ the tour group because of hot weather.
由于天气炎热，有一两个游客退出了旅游团。
答案：①break up ②breaks out ③breaking down ④broken into ⑤broke away from
break away from 摆脱；脱离
break down 出故障；分解；身体垮掉
break out (火灾、战争、瘟疫等)爆发
break through 突破
break in 强行闯入；打断；插嘴(不及物动词短语)
break into 破门而入(及物动词短语)
break off 突然终止；断绝(关系)；折断
③ above all最重要；首先(P40)
单句写作
①Never waste anything, and ____________ never waste time.
别浪费任何东西，最重要的是别浪费时间。
②______________， his strong will and noble spirit is worth our admiration and learning.
总而言之，他坚强的意志和高尚的精神值得我们崇拜和学习。
③______________， please allow me to thank you for inviting me to attend this conference.
首先，请允许我感谢您邀请我出席这次会议。
答案：①above all ②All in all ③First of all
after all 毕竟；终究
all in all 整体说来；总而言之
in all 总计；合计
at all (否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟；根本
first of all 首先
① [教材原句]The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles. (P34)
组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此打趣逗笑。这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。
单句语法填空
①The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
②This is the ipad ________ which I spent 3,000 yuan.
③There are many reasons ________ which people like traveling.
④The little girl is reading a book, ________ which there are many cartoons.
答案：①whom ②on ③for ④in
(1)most of which是“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构，用来引导定语从句。常见的此类结构还有：some/several/a few/a little/many/more＋of which/whom等。
(2)“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选用主要遵循以下三个原则。
一先：根据先行词与介词的搭配关系选择介词。
二谓：根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择介词。
三意义：根据句子的意思来选择介词。
引导定语从句的关系副词常可以和“介词＋关系代词(which)”互换。
② [教材原句]Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed. (P38)
弗雷迪和他的乐队无论走到哪儿都有人跟踪。
单句写作
①The book, All Men Are Brothers, shows us that they couldn't make friends ________________.
在《水浒传》这本书中，描写了很多 “不打不成交”的情节。
②You ____________ the country ________ a passport.
没有护照你就不能离开这个国家。
③__________ is impossible to courage.
勇士面前无险路。
④Such is the kindness of the nurse that the patient can never ________________ to her.
这就是这位护士的仁爱，病人无论怎么感激她都不为过。
答案：①without fighting ②can't leave; without ③No way ④be too thankful
(1)not ... without ... “没有……就不能……”。这是一种双重否定句式，表示肯定意义。其中否定词也可以是no, never或加否定前缀构成的否定意义的词。
(2)常见的用否定形式表示肯定意义的结构有：
cannot ... too ... 越……越好；无论怎样……也不为过
cannot wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事
cannot help doing sth.禁不住/忍不住做某事
课文回练 升华运用
Most young people have wanted to be a famous singer or musician. They have dreamed __1__ playing in front of audience. Honestly speaking, many people attach great importance to __2__ (become) rich and famous.
Many musicians meet and form a band. They may start __3__ a group of highschool students. At first, they may play to __4__ (passerby) in the street. Later, they may give __5__ (perform) in pubs or clubs. Of course they want to make a lot of money.
However, there was one band __6__ (call) the Monkees that started in a different way. It began as a TV show. The TV organizers had planned to find four rock musicians, __7__ they could find only one. They had to use actors, __8__ had to rely on other musicians to help them. They just pretended __9__ (sing). Their performances were soon successful and popular, and after a year or so, the Monkees began to play and sing __10__ (they) own songs like a real band.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
答案：1.of/about 2.becoming 3.as 4.passersby 5.performances 6.called 7.but 8.who 9.to sing 10.their
基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The meeting didn't break ________ until noon.
答案：up break up “结束；解散”。
2．She buried her head under the covers, ________ (pretend) to be asleep.
答案：pretending 此处She与pretend之间是主动关系，且pretend表示的动作几乎与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，故用现在分词pretending作伴随状语。
3．The process is ________ (pain), but the result is desirable. Remember: no pains, no gains.
答案：painful 此处形容词painful “痛苦的”，作表语。
4．She was efficient and ________ (rely), so we all liked her very much.
答案：reliable 此处形容词reliable “可靠的”，作表语。
5．He was full of ________ (confident) so that he would be admitted to the famous university.
答案：confidence full of confidence “充满信心”。
6．It is hard for migrant workers ________ (earn) a living, especially during the present financial crisis.
答案：to earn 此处to earn a living是不定式短语作主语，句首It是形式主语。
7．The old are much ________ (attach) to old customs and habits.
答案：attached be attached to “依恋……”。
8．Tom and his twin sisters are going to put on a ________ (perform) tomorrow evening.
答案：performance put on a performance “演出”。
9．To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, ________ all, honest.
答案：above above all为固定短语，意为“最重要；首先”。
10．(2017·北京高考)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
答案：whose 本空需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，句子还原后的表达是one of its purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation，这里把作定语的物主代词its改为whose，引导定语从句并在从句中作定语，its相当于the World Food Programme's。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．Chinese characters play an important role in passing on Chinese culture, so we should ____________________ (重视) our handwriting.
答案：attach importance to
2．________________ (说实话), learning Chinese well is not an easy job.
答案：To be honest
3．Usually, it's not polite to ____________________ strangers.
通常对陌生人开玩笑是不礼貌的。
答案：play jokes on
4．______________________________________________________________
另外，如有需要，我都乐于提供帮助。(in addition)
答案：In addition, I'm ready to give help whenever it is needed.
5．_________________________________________________________
我年轻时渴望成为一名科学家。你呢？
答案：When I was young I dreamed of becoming a scientist. What about you?
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·北大附中高考英语模拟试卷(3月份))Johann Strauss was __1__ Austrian composer of light music, particularly dance music and operettas (轻歌剧). He was born in Vienna in 1825. Although his father didn't want him __2__ (become) a musician, Strauss studied the violin __3__ (secret) when he was a child. When his father discovered his son was practicing on a violin one day, he gave him a beating, __4__ (say) that he was going to beat the music out of the boy. But that didn't prevent the boy from becoming one of the greatest __5__ (composer) of all time. He wrote his first waltz at six. At the age of 19, he decided to devote himself to __6__ (write) music. He formed his own orchestra and made a successful tour to Europe and soon became famous. The emperor of Austria was so __7__ (please) with his music that he appointed him the conductor at the court balls of Vienna. It was for these occasions that he wrote some of his most popular waltzes, among __8__ was the well－known favorite The Blue Danube. In all, the talented Johann Strauss wrote more than 500 masterpieces. In his lifetime, he was known __9__ the Waltz King, and was largely responsible for the __10__ (popular) of the waltz in Vienna during the 19th century.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一位澳大利亚轻音乐作曲家Johann Strauss。
1．an 考查冠词。composer是可数名词，且Austrian以元音音素开头，故填an。
2．to become 考查非谓语动词。want sb. to do sth. 意为“想要某人做某事”。
3．secretly 考查词性转换。设空处修饰动词studied，要用副词，故填secretly。
4．saying 考查非谓语动词。he和say之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语，故填saying。
5．composers 考查名词。one of后加复数名词，表示“……之一”，故填composers。
6．writing 考查固定搭配。设空处作介词to的宾语，devote oneself to doing “献身于/致力于做某事”，固定搭配，故填writing。
7．pleased 考查词性转换。设空处在句中作表语，且表示“满意的”，故填pleased。
8．which 考查定语从句的引导词。这是一个非限制性定语从句，设空处为“介词＋which”引导定语从句，故填which。
9．as 考查固定词组。be known as意为“作为……而出名”，故填介词as。
10．popularity 考查词性转换。设空处应用名词作介词for的宾语，故填popularity。
Ⅳ.短文改错
Getting rid of the bad habit of procrastination (拖延症) is now my goal in life. My first step was to set small targets what can be reached realistically. For example, I plan to set a timetable for my study. So after school, I will put finishing homework in the last place. Additionally, I will make a list of my important task including their due dates but follow my schedule strictly. I will avoid find excuses for putting them off. At same time, I will ask for my friends and parents to help me. By achieving this small targets, I have confident that I will overcome procrastination.
答案：
Getting rid of the bad habit of procrastination (拖延症) is now my goal in life. My first step to set small targets can be reached realistically. For example, I plan to set a timetable for my study. So after school, I will put finishing homework in the place. Additionally, I will make a list of my important including their due dates follow my schedule strictly. I will avoid excuses for putting them off. At same time, I will ask my friends and parents to help me. By achieving small targets, I have that I will overcome procrastination.
难项分析：
第二处：what→that/which 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，本句是一个含有定语从句的复
合句，先行词targets在定语从句中作主语，指物，应用that/which来引导该从句。
第五处：but→and 考查连词。根据上下文可知，make和follow两个动作之间是递进关系，故用and。
第十处：confident→confidence 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用confident的名词形式confidence作have的宾语。
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