2021高三全国统考英语（话题版）一轮学案：第1编话题六Book8Unit2Cloning

1．As far as I am concerned, I don't think cloning human being is sensible.It may bring about many unexpected problems. We should respect life and let everything stay as it is.

就我个人而言，我认为克隆人类是不明智的，它会带来许多意想不到的问题。我们应该尊重生命，让一切顺其自然。

2．Apart from our brain having memory, cells in our body, in billions, have their own memory.

除了我们的大脑有记忆外，我们身体中数十亿个细胞也有记忆。

3．Reading widely enables me to have a chance to broaden my horizon.

广泛阅读使我有机会拓宽视野。

4．After a series of initial experiments and corrections, the scientist's hard work paid off when the twin clone turkeys were hatched with normal feather and claws.

在最初一系列的实验和修正之后，科学家的辛苦工作终于取得了成功，一对双生克隆火鸡孵化出来，羽毛和爪子都很正常。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　　核心单词

(1)differ (vi.) 不同；相异→difference (n.) 不同；差异→different (adj.) 不同的

(2)cast (vt.) 扔；投；掷→cast (过去式/过去分词)

(3)object (vi.) 反对；不赞成→objection (n.) 反对；不赞成；异议

(4)obtain (vt.) 获得；赢得→obtainable (adj.) 可获得的；可得到的

(5)owe (vt.) 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……→owing (adj.) 欠着的；未付的

(6)retire (vi.) 退休；离开→retirement (n.) 退休；退职→retired (adj.) 退休的

(7)bother (vt.) 打扰 (vi.) 操心 (n.) 烦扰

(8)strike (vt.& vi.) 打；撞击；罢工(n.) 罢工→struck (过去式/过去分词)

(9)vain (adj.) 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的

(10)resist (vt.) 抵抗；对抗→resistance (n.) 抵抗力；反抗→resistant (adj.) 有抵抗力的

Ⅱ　　阅读单词

(1)exact (adj.) 精确的；准确的

(2)commercial (adj.) 商业的；贸易的

(3)undertake (vt.) 着手；从事；承担

(4)breakthrough (n.) 突破

(5)procedure (n.) 程序；步骤；手续

(6)forbid (vt.) 禁止；不准

(7)accumulate (vt.& vi.) 积累；聚积

(8)assumption (n.) 假定；设想

(9)regulation (n.) 规则；规章；法规

(10)reasonable (adj.) 合情理的；讲道理的；公道的

　[单句语法填空]

1．His explanation was ________ (reason), so all of us were willing to accept it.

答案：reasonable

2．From the appearance, we cannot tell the ________ (differ) between the twins.

答案：difference

3．After his ________ (retire), he settled down in a remote village, teaching the kids there.

答案：retirement

4．Grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no ________ (object) to it.

答案：objection

5．What I am doing is ________ (exact) what they need.

答案：exactly

6．Projects are ________ (undertake) on a team basis.

答案：undertaken

7．It is difficult ________ (obtain) reliable evidence.

答案：to obtain

8．We are playing a trick on the man who keeps ________ (bother) me.

答案：bothering

9．His own pride ________ (forbid) him to ask Tom for help.

答案：forbids

10．Will they be able ________ (resist) the temptation to buy?

答案：to resist

联想积累

1．快速掌握“获得”家族

①receive 收到，得到(信、命令、请帖等)；接受(欢迎，请愿等)

②get 获得；赚得；赢得

③obtain 得到；获得

④acquire 获得；学得

⑤gain 获得；赢得

⑥be available 可以得到的；可以买到的

⑦achieve 获得；取得

⑧win 获得；赢得

2．巧记合成词

①fall down→downfall 垮台

②get together→get­together 聚会

③break through→breakthrough 突破

④break out→outbreak 爆发

1．all_the_time  一直；始终

2．pay_off   得到好结果；取得成功；偿清

3．cast_down  使失望；使沮丧

4．in_favo(u)r_of  赞成；支持

5．(be) bound to (do) ...   一定或注定(做)……

6．strike ... into one's heart   使……刻骨铭心

7．from time to time  不时；偶尔

8．bring back to life  使复生；使复活

9．in vain  白费力气；枉费心机

10．in good/poor condition  状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏

　[选词填空]

cast down， in vain， pay off， from time to time， in poor condition， bring back to life

1．The house is really ________ and it will cost too much to repair.

答案：in poor condition

2．She has succeeded. She is pleased that her devotion to studying has ________.

答案：paid off

3．With all the efforts ________， he was very desperate, falling ill.

答案：in vain

4．Traffic accidents happen ________ on this road.

答案：from time to time

5．After the earthquake, the village was ________ with the villagers' efforts.

答案：brought back to life

6．He was ________ by the disappointing news.

答案：cast down

联想积累

1．“动词＋副词”回顾再记

①break down 坏掉；分解；被搞垮

②break up 打碎；结束；解散

③bring down 降低；降落

④come out 出版；结果是

⑤cut down 砍倒；削减

⑥get over 克服

⑦make out 辨认出；理解；开(支票等)

⑧put away 收起；储存

⑨set aside 拨出；置于一旁

⑩set off 出发；引爆

2．heart常见搭配

①lose heart 灰心

②heart and soul 全心全意地

③strike ... into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心

④put one's heart into ... 用心对待；全心全意

⑤lose one's heart to 喜欢；爱上

答案：The reason; is that

直击重点 突破考点

①　objection　n. 不赞成；反对；异议(P12)

单句语法填空

①Many people raised an ________ (object) to the news report, arguing that it was not objective.

②Do you have any objection to ________ (change) your working hours?

答案：①objection　②changing

(1)raise an objection to sth. 对某事提出异议

make/take/have an objection to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事

(2)object n. 物体；目标　vi. 反对；不赞成

object to sb./sth. 反对某人/某事

object to doing sth. 反对做某事

object that ...  反对……

(3)objective adj. 真实的；客观的

(1)object to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。

(2)object表示“反对”，为不及物动词，接宾语需加介词to; oppose表示“反对”，为及物动词，接宾语不需加介词。be opposed to ... 表示“反对……，和……相对”。

②　forbid　vt. (forbade/forbad, forbidden)禁止；不准(P12)

(1)单句语法填空

①The new law forbids ________ (smoke) in offices.

②The guard forbade us ________ (look) out of the window when the train was moving.

③For this writer there is no such thing as a ________ (forbid) topic.

答案：①smoking　②to look　③forbidden

(2)单句改错

It is forbid to swim in the river alone.

_______________________________________________________________

答案：forbid→forbidden

forbid doing sth.    禁止做某事

forbid sb. to do sth.＝forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事

It is forbidden to do sth. 做某事是被禁止的

③　owe　vt. 欠(钱、账、人情等)；归功于；感激(P13)

单句语法填空

①He owes his good health ________ plenty of exercise and a regular life.

②He owed ________ to his first English teacher that he had a good pronunciation.

③She had a headache, ________ (owe) to the weather here, but she is now accustomed to it.

答案：①to　②it　③owing

(1)owe sb. sth.＝owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物；把……归功于某人

owe it to sb. that ...     多亏某人……

owe sb. an apology 该向某人道歉

owe thanks to sb.  感谢某人

(2)owing adj. 欠着的；未付的

owing to＝because of＝on account of＝due to 因为；由于

如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句，可使用it作形式宾语，将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在句尾。如：

He owes it to his doctor's care that he is quite well again.

他的身体又很健康了，他把这归功于医生的照顾。

④　strike　vt.& vi. (struck, struck)打；撞击；罢工

n. 罢工(P15)

(1)单句语法填空

①Don't strike terror ________ my heart.

②________ struck me that I would have an important meeting in Shanghai the next day.

答案：①into　②It

(2)单句写作

At the sight of the West Lake, I __________________ its beauty.

一看到西湖，我就被它的美景迷住了。

答案：was struck by/with

(1)strike ... into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心

be struck by/with 被……击中/打动/感动

It strikes/hits/occurs to sb. that ...  某人突然想起……

Sth. strikes/hits/occurs to sb. 某人突然想起……

(2)go/be on strike 举行罢工/在罢工

①　pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清；(付清工资后)解雇(P11)

(1)单句写作

①The work is starting __________________.

这些努力开始奏效/取得成功。

②What delighted him was that after all these years he at last ______________ all his debts.

使他高兴的是几年之后他终于还清了所有的债务。

答案：①to pay off　②paid off

(2)写出下列句子中pay off的含义

①It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.__________

②Two hundred workers have been paid off.__________

③All those weeks of studying will pay off when you take the exam.__________

答案：①偿清　②(结工资后)解雇；打发走　③取得好结果

pay back    偿还(欠款)；报复；回报

pay for sth.    付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价

pay sb. for sth.    因某事物给某人报酬；为……付钱给某人

pay a visit to    参观；拜访

pay attention to    注意；留心

②　in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏(P17)

单句写作

①Mum's still got our pram—it's very old, but it's ______________________.

妈妈还留着我们的婴儿车——虽然很旧了，但仍然完好。

②Mum said that I could go camping ______________________ I must see to it that I was safe.

妈妈说我可以去露营，条件是确保安全。

③On no condition __________________ anything harmful to our country.

在任何情况下我们都不能做危害国家利益的事。

答案：①in good condition　②on condition that　③can we do

(1)out of condition    健康状况欠佳

meet the conditions  满足条件

on no condition    无论如何都不；决不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)

on condition that ...  只要；如果；条件是……

working/living/studying conditions 工作/生活/学习环境

(2)conditional adj. 有条件的；以……为条件的

unconditional adj. 无条件的；绝对的

①　[教材原句]The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.(P11)

她看来是在正常地成长着，这个事实非常令人鼓舞。

(1)单句语法填空

①The idea ________ computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.

②We haven't yet settled the question ________ we are going to spend our summer vacation.

③The question ________ we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet.

答案：①that　②where 　③whether

(2)单句改错

We should consider the students' request that the school library must provide more books on popular science.

_______________________________________________________________

答案：去掉must或must→should

本句含有一个由that引导的同位语从句，用于解释和说明fact的内容。引导词that不能省略。经常跟同位语从句的名词有fact, news, message, doubt, possibility, idea, reason,  belief, hope, thought, promise, suggestion, question等。连接词有：连词that, whether；连接代词who, which, what；连接副词where, when, why, how等。

(1)一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news, idea, fact, promise, hope, message等)的后面，用于说明该名词所表达的具体内容。有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，这在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。

(2)在suggestion, advice, request, order等意为“建议，要求，命令”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should＋动词原形”，句中的should可以省略。

②　[教材原句]Based on what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years.(P15)

就我们现在所知，你不可能克隆那些已经灭绝了一万年以上的动物。

(1)单句语法填空

①________ (face) with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.

②________ (satisfy) with what he did, the teacher praised him in class.

③________ (absorb) in reading a novel, he didn't notice the teacher came in.

答案：①Faced　②Satisfied　③Absorbed

(2)单句改错

Lose in the forest, we had to ask the police for help.

_______________________________________________________________

答案：Lose→Lost

be based on “以……为根据；基于……”，在句中是过去分词短语作状语。

有此用法的类似短语还有：

worried/concerned about 对……感到担忧

satisfied with 对……感到满意

surrounded by 被……包围

faced with 面对……

compared with 与……比较

absorbed in ... 专心于……

课文回练 升华运用

Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. It is a way of __1__ (make) an exact copy of another animal or plant. It has two major uses. One is __2__ gardeners use it to produce commercial quantities of plants. __3__ other is that it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. However, the process of cloning is difficult __4__ (undertake)．

Many attempts  to  clone  mammals  failed. The breakthrough that scientists made in history is in the year 1996. The first successful cloning,  the sheep Dolly, made the whole __5__ (science) world follow its process,  though it had __6__ (many) problems than the normal sheep. On the other hand, Dolly's appearance __7__ (raise) a  storm of objections and had a great impact __8__ the media and public imagination. Different people have different __9__ (opinion) on it. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading  us. Maybe in the 21st century, cloning will be the __10__ (big)  moral dilemma.

1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________

答案：1.making　2.that　3.The　4.to undertake　5.scientific　6.more　7.raised　8.on　9.opinions　10.biggest

基础达标 自主训练

Ⅰ.选词填空

cast down, be bound to, strike ...  into people's hearts, bring back to life, in good condition,  at a reasonable price, in vain, shortly after, pay off, pass on ... to

1．Fortunately, some animals will survive and ________ the ability to  resist the disease ________ the next generation.

答案：pass on; to

2．Many biologists ________ to hear that Dolly died young.

答案：were cast down

3．It is either impossible or unsuitable that dinosaurs can ________ now.

答案：be brought back to life

4．When you are dealing with so many patients, mistakes ________ happen.

答案：are bound to

5．The idea of cloning the dinosaurs still ________ horror ________.

答案：strikes; into people's hearts

6．It became obvious that all her complaints were ________.

答案：in vain

7．To everyone's surprise, the skeleton of the dinosaur was ________.

答案：in good condition

8．Small as it is, the restaurant is well known in this area for its good food ________.

答案：at a reasonable price

9．I was very interested in English and worked hard at it. Finally all my efforts ________.

答案：paid off

10．He finished a difficult task on his own ________ he entered the company.

答案：shortly after

Ⅱ.单句写作

1．I'm writing to tell you that I am  ______________ (赞成) the second traveling route, a visit to Mount Tai.

答案：in favo(u)r of

2．______________ of using the solar energy____________ (……的优势是) it won't create any pollution.

答案：The advantage; is that

3．To enrich our school life, the Student Union organized a variety of activities ____________________.

为了丰富我们的学校生活，学生会不时地组织各种各样的活动。

答案：from time to time

4．_______________________________________________________________

最后，我们的努力得到了回报。一套优雅的汉服制作成功。(pay off)

答案：Finally, our hard work paid off. A set of elegant Hanfu  was created.

5．_______________________________________________________________

我应该把成功归功于老师和同学们。

答案：I should owe my success to my teacher and classmates.

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2020·陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测)Recently researchers have had a finding __1__ singing in groups could have a positive impact on reducing __2__ (anxious) and depression.  The research is from the University of East Anglia in the UK, in cooperation with a community singing group __3__ (call)  Sing Your Heart Out.  A research team conducted the study __4__ (examine) how singing with other people affects mental health. Researchers followed a group of people __5__ attended free weekly singing workshops for six months.  They discovered that singing in groups was __6__ essential part in helping people recover from mental illness. In addition, it helped people feel __7__ (little) stressed, enhanced their mood and increased their confidence, social skills and feeling of well－being. Lead researcher, Professor Tom Shakespeare, said, “We found that singing as part of a group contributes __8__ people's recovery from mental health problems.” He added, “All of the __9__ (participant)  we spoke to reported positive effects as a direct result of taking part in the singing workshops.  For some, it __10__  (represent) one component of a wider program of support. For others, it stood out as the key to their maintenance of health.”

1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________

5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________

9．________　10.________

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，合唱可以缓解压力，减少沮丧，有利于精神健康。

1．that　考查同位语从句的连接词。设空处引导从句解释说明a finding的内容，作其同位语，设空处在句中不作句子成分，无语意，仅起连接作用，故用that。

2．anxiety　考查词性转换。本空作reducing的宾语，与depression并列，故用名词anxiety。

3．called　考查非谓语动词。call和a community singing group构成被动关系，故用其过去分词形式called作后置定语。

4．to examine　考查非谓语动词。此处表示一个研究小组进行该研究是为了调查与他人一起唱歌是如何影响精神健康的，表目的，故用动词不定式to examine。

5．who/that　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为people，从句中缺少主语，故填who或that。

6．an　考查冠词。part在此处为可数名词，且在文中第一次提及，故用不定冠词修饰，又因为essential的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。

7．less　考查副词的比较级。根据下文“enhanced their mood ... feeling of well－being”可知，合唱帮助人们缓解压力，即帮助人们感受到更少的压力，故用副词的比较级less，修饰其后的形容词“stressed”。

8．to　考查介词。contribute to sth.是固定搭配，意为“有助于/促成某事”，故填to。

9．participants　考查名词。participant “参与者”为可数名词，根据空格前的“All of the”可知，此处表示复数的概念，故填participants。

10．represented　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语；根据后一句中的stood out及全文的基本时态为一般过去时可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填represented。

Ⅳ.短文改错

Dear Tom，

It's great to receive your email. Now I'd like to tell you anything that took place in my school yesterday. In the afternoon we hold a growing­up ceremony for our coming 18­years­old. First, we made a promise which as grown­ups we should have the sense of duty to our society from now on. Then we gave our thanks to our parents had gone through hardship to bring us up and teachers who had been educating us patient. And our teachers also gave us cards, expressing our good wishes for our future. Finally, we put on wonderful performances, singing and dancing. We learned a lot of from the activity. I think it's more important for us. I will remember the day forever.

Yours，

Li Hua

答案：

Dear Tom，

It's great to receive your email. Now I'd like to tell you  that took place in my school yesterday. In the afternoon we  a growing­up ceremony for our coming . First, we made a promise  as grown­ups we should have  sense of duty to our society from now on. Then we gave our thanks to our parents  had gone through hardship to bring us up and teachers who had been educating us . And our teachers also gave us cards, expressing  good wishes for our future. Finally, we put on wonderful performances, singing and dancing. We learned a lot  from the activity. I think it's  important for us. I will remember the day forever.

Yours，

Li Hua

难项分析：

第四处：which→that　考查同位语从句的连接词。此处是对promise的进一步说明，引导同位语从句，在从句中不作成分，无语意，故用that。

第六处：parents后加that/who　考查定语从句的引导词。先行词为parents，且在从句中作主语，指人，故用that/who引导该从句。

第九处：去掉of　考查固定短语。a lot “许多，大量”，修饰动词。