2021高三统考北师大版英语一轮（经典版）学案：第一编Book7Unit19Language


Book 7

Unit 19　Language


1.Speaking and listening are very important for language learning, by which you are sure to make great progress.
听和说对于语言学习来说是非常重要的，通过听和说你一定会取得很大的进步。
2.But bear in mind, language is mankind's way of communicating with our fellow men.
记住，语言是人与人进行交流的方式。
3.You should be aware of the fact that the best approach to learning a foreign language is the study of the spoken language.
你应该意识到这个事实：学习外语最好的途径是学习口语。
4.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。
自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)fluency (n.) 流利度，流畅度→fluent (adj.) 流利的，流畅的→fluently (adv.) 流利地，流畅地
(2)accuracy (n.) 精确度，准确度→accurate (adj.) 精确的，准确的→accurately (adv.) 精确地，准确地
(3)thank (v.) 感谢，感激→thankful (adj.) 为……感到高兴的；感谢的→ thankless (adj.) 让人不领情的；吃力不讨好的
(4)absence (n.) 不存在；缺乏→absent (adj.) 缺席的，不在场的
(5)attain (vt.) 获得；达到→attainment (n.) 达到，获得→ attainable (adj.) 可以达到的
(6)surround (vt.) 环绕，围绕→surrounding (adj.) 周围的→surroundings (n.) 环境
(7)adequate (adj.) 足够的，充分的→inadequate (adj.)不充分的
(8)ensure (vt.) 确保，保证
(9)accelerate (vi.& vt.) 加速→acceleration (n.) 加快；加速度，加速
(10)enlarge (vt.) 扩大 →large (adj.) 大的
(11)guarantee (vt.) 保证
(12)adjust (vt.) 调节，调整→ adjustable (adj.) 可以调节的，可以调整的→ adjustment (n.) 调节，适应
(13)inform (v.) 告知，通知→information (n.) 信息
(14)congratulate (vt.) 祝贺→congratulation (n.) 祝贺
(15)explicit (adj.) 明确的，清楚的→explicitly (adv.) 明确地；直截了当地
(16)unconscious (adj.) 无知觉的，无意识的→conscious (adj.) 意识到的，自觉的
(17)tight (adj.) 绷紧的→tighten (v.) (使)变紧
(18)resemble (vt.) 与……相似，像→resemblance (n.) 相似，相像
(19)negotiate (vt.) 谈判；协商→negotiation (n.) 谈判，洽谈
(20)offence (n.) 冒犯；得罪→offend (v.) 冒犯；得罪
(21)approval (n.) 赞成；赞许；批准→approve (v.) 赞成；同意
(22)applicant (n.) 申请人→application (n.) 申请(书)→apply (v.) 申请；使用
(23)competence (n.) 能力→competent (adj.) 胜任的，有能力的
Ⅱ　阅读单词
(1)royal (adj.) 王室的；皇家的
(2)nationwide (adv.) 全国性地
(3)fold (v.) 折叠；交叉
(4)trend (n.) 趋势；倾向
(5)target (n.) 目标
(6)pat (vt.& n．) 轻拍；拍
(7)rigid (adj.) 僵硬的
(8)transparent (adj.) 清晰易辨的；透明的
(9)unrest (n.) 不安
(10)merely (adv.) 只；仅仅
(11)purchase (vt.& n．) 购买
(12)ambiguous (adj.) 模棱两可的
(13)candidate (n.) 候选人
(14)punctual (adj.) 准时的；守时的
(15)personnel (n.) 全体职员
　[单句语法填空]
1.Evidence shows that the ________ (absent) of a parent adds to the probability that a youngster will commit criminal activities.
答案：absence
2.It is either he or you who are in charge of the project and supposed to finish it ________(punctual).
答案：punctually
3.I offered my ________ (congratulate) to John on winning the race.
答案：congratulations
4.A company cannot be sold without the ________ (approve) of the shareholders.
答案：approval
5.It is very important for English teachers to have a knowledge of the theories of language __________ (acquire).
答案：acquisition
6.—Tonight's ________ (negotiate) promises to be a difficult one.
—I can't agree more. Both sides are stubborn and will fight for their own benefits.
答案：negotiation
7.The job ________ (apply) was not qualified for the vacant position as he didn't have the relevant experience as required for the job.
答案：applicant
8.The ________ (inform) you gave in the application is too general. You should focus on something special about yourself.
答案：information
9.Under the new ________ (regulate), all staff must have safety training.
答案：regulations
10.It is rather ________ (embarrass) that we still do not know how many species there are in the world today.
答案：embarrassing
联想积累
1.词性变换形式一致的词(名词­ence→形容词­ent)
①absence→absent
②patience→patient
③silence→silent
④presence→present
联想积累
⑤intelligence→intelligent
⑥confidence→confident
⑦convenience→convenient
⑧violence→violent
2.前缀en­＋adj./n. 构成的动词
①large→enlarge 扩大
②title→entitle 使有权利，使有资格；给……命名
③able→enable 使能够
④danger→endanger 使遭遇危险
3.前缀为trans­的高频词
①transplant vt. 移植
②translate vt. 翻译
③transport vt. 运输
④transform vt. 改变，转换

1.stand out 　突出；显眼
2.get ahead 取得成功；获得进步
3.in the absence of sb. 某人不在的时候
4.take the form of 以……的形式出现/存在
5.catch on 学会；流行
6.congratulate_sb._on_sth. 就某事向某人祝贺
7.consist_of 由……构成，由……组成
8.on_purpose 故意地
9.on_the_other_hand 另一方面
10.adjust ... to 调整……以适应
[单句写作]
1.On the one hand, the old man is rich, but ______________________ (另一方面), he is very lonely.
答案：on the other hand
2.You may think Li Lei broke the rule ______________ (故意地), but I think he did so just by accident.
答案：on purpose
3.She soon found that it wasn't easy to ____________(取得成功) in the movie business.
答案：get ahead
4.The lady explained the question several times but I still couldn't ____________ (明白；理解).
答案：catch on
5.The training ____________ (采取……的形式) seminars and lectures.
答案：took/takes the form of
6.She will have to ________ herself ________ (调整) new conditions after moving to a new city.
答案：adjust; to
7.Reading ____________ (由……组成) two processes: word recognition and comprehension.
答案：consists of
8.The headmaster wrote a letter to ________ her ________ (向……祝贺) her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.
答案：congratulate; on
9.—It's really a surprise that the manager should have no idea about the plan.
—Of course he doesn't, for the plan was made ______________________ (他不在时).
答案：in the absence of him
10.—Next week I will go to a job interview. Will you give me some suggestions？
—Smiling is a great way to make yourself ____________ (突出).
答案：stand out
联想积累
1.“组成”的短语
①consist of
②be made up of
③be composed of
2.stand 的短语
①stand out 突出，显眼
②stand by 支持，旁观
③stand aside 站到一边
④stand against 反对
⑤stand on one's feet 站起来，自食其力，恢复健康

课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.There's no point reading the news in English if you've already watched it in your own language.
如果你已经看了母语新闻，再读英语新闻就没有意义了。(P6)
There's no point (in) doing sth. “做某事毫无意义”
________________________—we're leaving tomorrow in any case.
现在抱怨毫无意义——不管怎样我们明天都要离开。
2.If you saw a father patting his son on the back while smiling happily, what would you think was going on？
如果你看到一位父亲愉快地微笑着拍他儿子的背部，你认为会发生什么事？(P10)
v.＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位
The branch whipped back and ____________.
那树枝突然弹回打在我的脸上。

答案：1.There is no point complaining now　2.hit me in the face
直击重点 突破考点

①　absence n. 缺席，不在场；不存在；缺乏(P6)

(1)单句语法填空
①If coal is heated ________ the absence of air, coal tar (煤焦油) will be produced.
②He returns to the England team after a long absence ________ international football.
③The teacher is wondering why so many students are ________ (absence) from class.
答案：①in　②from　③absent
(2)单句写作
①His failure lies in his __________________.
他的失败在于心不在焉。
②His frequent __________________ work didn't go unnoticed.
他的频繁旷工还是引起了别人的注意。
答案：①absence of mind　②absence from

(1)absence from 缺席；离开
absence of mind 心不在焉
during/in one's absence＝during/in the absence of sb. 在某人不在的时候
(2)absent adj. 缺席的；茫然的；不在场的
absent­minded adj. 心不在焉的，健忘的
be absent from 缺席；不存在；缺少

②　surround vt. 围绕，环绕(P6)

(1)单句语法填空
①Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves ________ trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities.
②Some insects take on the colour of their ________ (surround) to protect themselves.
③The ________ (surround) villages have been absorbed by the growing city.
答案：①with　②surroundings　③surrounding
(2)单句改错
①She was surrounding by students asking questions.
______________________________________________________________
②Tom spent the afternoon hiking in the surround hills.
______________________________________________________________
答案：①surrounding→surrounded　②surround→surrounding

(1)surround ... with ... 用……包围……
be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围
surround oneself with 喜欢结交(某类人)，喜欢身边总有……
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的
surroundings n. 环境，周围的事物
③　ensure vt. 保证，确保(P6)

(1)单句语法填空
①Victory ________ (sure) them a glorious future.
②Please ensure ________ all lights are switched off.
答案：①ensures/ensured　②that
(2)句型转换
She would have to be on treatment for the next six months to ensure that she was fully recovered.
＝She would have to be on treatment for the next six months to __________________________ she was fully recovered.
答案：make sure that

ensure sth. 保证……，确保……
ensure that ... ＝make sure that ... 确保，保证……
④　guarantee vt. 保证；担保　n. 保证；担保(P6)

(1)单句语法填空
①And the other is to guarantee ________ they can use the technology over long periods of time.
②If you yell at him, he's guaranteed ________ (do) the opposite of what you want.
③The cell phone will be repaired free when it is ________ guarantee without human damage.
答案：①that　②to do　③under
(2)单句写作
Going out with friends ________________ (必定会) cheer you up.
答案：is guaranteed to

(1)guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人得到某物
guarantee sb./sth. against 保证某人/某物免受(伤害、危险等)
guarantee to do sth. /that ... 保证做某事
guarantee (sb.) that ... (向某人)保证某事
be guaranteed to do sth. 必定做某事
(2)give sb. a guarantee that ... 向某人担保……
(be) under guarantee在保修期内
There is no guarantee of ... /that ... 不能保证……
⑤　adjust vi.& vt. 适应，习惯；调整，调节(P6)

(1)单句语法填空
①Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles ________ their daily schedule.
②We must adjust ________ (us) to the changing society unless we want to be left behind.
③Some schools will have to make ________ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
答案：①to　②ourselves　③adjustments
(2)句型转换
Since everything develops, we have to make an adjustment to the changing situation.
＝Since everything develops, we have to ______________ the changing situation.
答案：adjust to

(1)adjust to (doing) sth. 适应(做)某事，习惯于(做)某事
adjust ... to ... 将……调整到……；使……适应……
adjust oneself to (doing) sth. 使自己适应(做)某事
(2)adjustment n. 调整，适应
make an adjustment to 对……做出调整
(3)adjustable adj. 可以调整的，可以调节的

以上短语中的to 为介词，其后跟名词、代词、动名词形式作宾语。
⑥　inform vt. 通知，告知(P6)

(1)单句语法填空
①Inform students ________ their full flight details.
②I regret to inform you ________ I will not be able to meet you at the airport on time.
③All those who are immediately involved will be ________ (inform) of the decision.
④Instead, she organized a lot of activities in the class to get more ________ (inform).
答案：①of/about　②that　③informed　④information
(2)单句改错
Bees fly in circles to inform their partners food or danger.
______________________________________________________________
答案：food前加of/about

(1)inform sb. that ... 通告/告知某人……
inform sb. of/about ... 通告/告知某人……
inform on/against sb. 告发/检举某人
(2)informed adj. 了解情况的，消息灵通的
keep sb. informed of 随时告知某人/使某人了解……
(3)information n. 消息
a piece of information 一条信息
⑦　congratulate vt. 向(某人)道贺，祝贺(P10)

(1)单句语法填空
①My uncle sent me a card to congratulate me ________ my eighteenth birthday yesterday.
②I just know you'd be a trustworthy worker. ________ (congratulate)！
③I congratulated ________ (I) on my good fortune.
答案：①on　②Congratulations　③myself
(2)句型转换
We offer our congratulations to you on your passing the Entrance College Examination.
＝We ______________________ your passing the Entrance College Examination.
答案：congratulate you on

(1)congratulate sb.on/upon (doing) sth. 祝贺某人(做了)某事
congratulate oneself (on sth.) 为自己感到庆幸/幸运
(2)congratulation n. 祝贺，贺词
offer/send congratulations to sb. on sth. 因为某事而向某人祝贺
Congratulations! 恭喜！

[易混辨析]　congratulate, celebrate
congratulate
作“祝贺，道贺”解时，应以被祝贺的人作宾语，用介词on或upon引出祝贺的原因
celebrate
表示举行仪式、典礼的庆祝，只能用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语

⑧　negotiate vt. 达成协议；顺利通过　vi. 协商，谈判，交涉(P10)

单句语法填空
①Our English teacher is negotiating with the headmaster ________ the use of the library.
②We tried to negotiate ________ them, but they refused.
③A free­trade agreement is under ________ (negotiate).
答案：①for　②with　③negotiation

(1)negotiate sth. 协商/商讨某事
negotiate with sb. about/for sth. 与某人商谈某事
negotiate an agreement/a contact 商定协议/合同
(2)negotiation n. 谈判；磋商，洽谈
under negotiation 在商谈中
⑨　embarrass vt. 使尴尬，使窘迫，使局促不安；使为难，使陷入困境(P14)

(1)单句语法填空
①I was ________ (embarrass), but I fought the urge to run off the stage.
②I smiled and flashed back to the ________ (embarrass)moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade.
③To her ________ (embarrass), she couldn't remember his name.
答案：①embarrassed　②embarrassing　③embarrassment
(2)单句写作
I ______________________ how untidy the house was.
家里太乱了，我感到难为情。
答案：felt embarrassed about

(1)It embarrasses sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人窘迫
(2)embarrassed adj. 不好意思的，感到不安的
be embarrassed to do sth. 尴尬地做某事
feel/be embarrassed at/about sth. (对)感到为难的，尴尬的
embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的
(3)embarrassment n. 困窘，难堪
to one's embarrassment 让某人感到不好意思/困窘的是

①　catch on 学会；受欢迎；流行起来；(与to 连用)理解(P9)

(1)单句语法填空
①We should praise those students who have later caught ________ and made progress.
②I caught ________ to what the guy was saying.
③I caught a boy ________ (steal) apples from the garden.
答案：①up　②on　③stealing
(2)单句写作
①Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are ____________ (开始流行起来).
②When you ______________ (看见) a teenager wearing strange clothes, you may think he is just trying to catch your attention.
答案：①catching on　②catch sight of

catch hold of 抓住
catch up 赶上
catch up with sb. 赶上某人
catch sb. doing sth. 撞见某人做某事
catch sight of 看见
catch one's attention 吸引某人的注意
be caught in 陷入，遇到，卷入
②　on purpose 故意地，有意地(P10)

用purpose的相关短语填空
①She seems to do these things ____________ rather than by chance.
②I still didn't understand for his explanation was not ________________.
③They came here _________________________ making trouble.
答案：①on purpose　②to the purpose　③with the purpose of

(1)for the purpose of 为了……目的
with the purpose of 怀有……目的
to the purpose 有用的，有益的，有帮助的
(2)by chance/accident 偶然地，无意(之中)地

表示“故意地”同义词或短语：by design, intentionally, deliberately。
③　on the other hand 另一方面(P10)

单句写作
①Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence.______________ (另一方面), it could just put you in debt.
②________________ (一方面)they help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons. On the other hand, they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun.
③I don't want to buy it, ________________ (一则) I don't like the color, and ________________ (另一则) the price is too high.
答案：①On the other hand　②On the one hand　③for one thing; for another thing

on the one hand ... on the other (hand) ... 常表达相矛盾的两方面；for one thing ...，for another (thing) ... 陈述的两方面情况相一致。

①　[教材原句]It was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.
早在十八世纪，人们就预言总有一天英语会成为全球性语言，并且在过去的几十年里已被证明是正确的。(P6)

(1)句型转换
①People hope that the new coach will be able to pull the football team together.
＝________________ the new coach will be able to pull the football team together.
②It is said that the old coins had been buried under the earth for about 100 years by the time they were discovered.
＝The old coins ________________________ under the earth for about 100 years by the time they were discovered.
答案：①It is hoped that　②are said to have been buried
(2)单句写作
①________________ next year we will have a good harvest.
据预测，明年将是一个丰收年。
②__________________ it will turn fine tomorrow.
人们期望明天天会转晴。
答案：①It is predicted that　②It is expected that

(1)It was predicted that ... 表示“据预测……”，在该句型中，it 作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
(2)英语中，在不便或不必指明某看法、说法或消息的来源时，往往使用“It is＋过去分词＋that从句”句型进行转述。
It's said that ... 据说……
It's thought that ... 人们认为……
It's suggested that ... 人们建议……
It's believed that ... 人们相信……
It's hoped that ... 人们希望……
It's expected that ... 预期……/人们期望
(3)上面句式还可以转化为：主语＋be＋done＋不定式。其中不定式为主语的补语，该不定式根据所指的时间可出现一般式、进行式或者完成式。
It is said that he has written a new book about workers.
＝He is said to have written a new book about workers.
②　[教材原句]But sadly, the chances that we will all have the opportunity to live in an English­speaking country are small.
但遗憾的是，我们都生活在一个讲英语的国家的可能性很小。(P6)

(1)单句语法填空
①I have no idea ________ one I should buy.
②The order ________ we should send a few people to help them was received yesterday.
③The question ________ should do the work requires consideration.
答案：①which　②that　③who
(2)单句改错
①The news which we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
______________________________________________________________
②This is our only request that this problem settled as soon as possible.
______________________________________________________________
③There is some doubt that we can finish the work on time.
______________________________________________________________
答案：①which→that　②settled前加(should) be　③that→whether

(1)句中that引导同位语从句，用来对chances作解释。chances在此处意为“可能性”。that引导同位语从句时，只在从句中起连接作用，不作任何成分，也没有语意，但不能省略。
(2)同位语从句常跟在某些抽象名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。常见的该类名词有：fact, idea, reason, thought, plan, doubt, news, hope, belief等。
(3)同位语从句的引导词有：
that/whether 在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用，whether意为“是否”；
who/which/what/when/where/why/how 在从句中既充当成分，又有语意。

在表示“命令、要求、建议”的某些名词(如demand, order, suggestion, request等)后接的同位语从句中要用“(should＋) do”表示虚拟语气。
③　[教材原句]Quality input ensures quality output, whether it is speaking or writing.
不管是说还是写，高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。(P6)

单句语法填空
①Once we were left to decide whether ________ (have) a picnic in a park or go to a museum.
②________ the secretary will be fired or not is at the mercy of her boss.
③And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive ________ negative.
答案：①to have　②Whether　③or

本句是一个复合句，whether ... or ... 引导让步状语从句，表示 “不管……还是……”。另外它还可以引导名词性从句。
(1)当只有两种相对的选择时，用whether ... or ... 引导让步状语从句，意为“不管……还是……”。
(2)whether ... or ... 作为连词，whether后面可以加动词不定式，表示选择。
(3)“whether or not”；“whether ... or not”表示“是否……；无论是……或……”的意思。
④　[教材原句]Thirdly，you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance.
第三，你们说我只要预付款就有折扣。(P12)

单句语法填空
①________ (provide) that there is any demand, I would be very happy to help.
②They agreed to provide information on condition ________ their names would not be used in the article.
答案：①Provided/Providing　②that

(1)句中含有连词provided that 引导的条件状语从句，意思为“如果，倘若”。
(2)provided that 也可以换为 providing that。
(3)类似的连词有supposing/suppose (that), given (that), assuming (that)。
(4)可以引导条件状语从句的类似表达还有：as long as (只要), on condition that (如果，在……条件下)。
课文回练 升华运用
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As is predicted, English has been the __1__ (globe) language, as the international companies grow and __2__ (communicate) advance. Being able to speak more than one language can make you stand out. However, it's difficult to learn English in the __3__ (absent) of a native language environment. So most of us have to rely __4__ what we can learn at school as part of the school curriculum, which __5__ (courage) teachers to create a rich language environment in the classroom. Quality input ensures quality output, __6__ it is speaking or writing. But to really get ahead, you need to do extra work outside of the classroom. Experts give some __7__ (suggest). Setting achievable targets; listening to an English song after reading the words. __8__ (read) news in English after watching it in your own language; watching your favorite DVDs; studying with your friends and rewarding yourself. These __9__ (recommend) are easy to achieve and well worth the extra effort. To stay dedicated, you need to keep in mind __10__ you are learning English.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.global　2.communications　3.absence　4.on
5.encourages　6.whether　7.suggestions　8.Reading　9.recommendations　10.why
基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.It's often ________ (say) that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.
答案：said　分析句子，这里是固定句型“it is＋动词的过去分词＋that 从句”。
2.________ (provide) that we get good weather, it will be a pleasant holiday.
答案：Provided/Providing　这里是连词providing/provided that “倘若”引导条件状语从句。
3.Jennifer is having a hard time getting accustomed to new ________ (surround) in Australia.
答案：surroundings　由设空前的形容词new可知，应填所给词的名词形式，结合句意，指“环境”，故填surroundings。
4.I ensured our ________ (safe) by locking the door.
答案：safety　ensure sth.，结合设空前的our可知，应用名词作宾语。
5.Both radio and television keep us ________ (inform) of the news of the day, instruct us in many fields of interest, and entertain us with singing, dancing and acting.
答案：informed　keep sb. informed of sth. “让某人了解某事”。
6.There is no doubt ________ he will come here again.
答案：that　设空处引导同位语从句修饰doubt，对其内容进行具体说明，且doubt前有否定词，故填that。也可将其视为固定句式There is no doubt that “毫无疑问……”。
7.I congratulated ________ (I) on narrow escape.
答案：myself　主语与宾语指同一人，形成互指，故用反身代词。短语congratulate oneself on sth. “为自己感到庆幸；感到幸运”。
8.Since everybody is clear, there is no point ________ (discuss) the question any further.
答案：discussing　这里是句型there is no point (in) doing sth. “做某事没有意义”。
9.The government has to negotiate ________ the opposition party on the new regulations, which will come into effect next month.
答案：with　negotiate with sb. on sth. “与……洽谈……”。
10.The little pupil took his grandma ________ the arm and walked her across the street.
答案：by　take sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位。故填by。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.I will come, ________________ (倘若) I am invited.
答案：providing/provided that
2.They have no idea at all __________________________ (他去了哪个地方).
答案：which place he has gone to
3.As we all know, __________________________.
众所周知，生气是没有用的。
答案：there is no point (in) getting angry
4.______________________________________________________________
祝贺你升职！(congratulation)
答案：Congratulations to you on your promotion！/Congratulate you on your promotion！
5.______________________________________________________________
然而，克隆技术对人类有帮助还是有害，将来会把我们引向何方，科学家们对此依然不清楚。
答案：However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·长沙市一中高三月考试卷(二))Looking around the streets of London, you'll see many people on different means of transport, __1__ it's on a commute to work, a trip to the shops, or a sightseeing.
Scooter, this traditional children vehicle __2__ (become) more sophisticated over the past years. And now, __3__ the addition of a small electric motor, it's become a cheap and easy mode of transport. Being fun and not involving much effort, scooting is getting __4__ (increase) popular around the world.
However, safety problems arise. __5__ scooter riders have been seen on pavements; others on the road jumping red traffic lights, adding to the frustration of motorists __6__ (stick) in jams. In the UK, the law states that riding one on the public highway or pavement __7__ (forbid). Now riders, facing a ￡300 fixed­penalty notice and six points on their driving licence for doing so, are calling on __8__ (regulate) to be changed.
Despite the fact that some of them can exceed 30mph, they only have one brake and no lights. __9__ confident the rider may be, larger vehicles on the road make them easily hurt. So it seems more work requires __10__ (do) to give e­scooters a safe and legal space to travel.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9.________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了使用滑板车面临着多种危险，需要制度的约束。
1.whether　考查连词。whether ... or ... 表示“是……还是”，表示选择，为固定搭配。
2.has become　考查动词的时态。根据“over the past years”判断要用现在完成时。
3.with　考查介词。在滑板车上增加了一个电机，此处表示“有……，具有……”。
4.increasingly　考查副词。此处修饰形容词，故用副词。increasingly表示“逐渐地”。
5.Some　考查代词。与others连用表示“一些……另一些……”。
6.stuck　考查非谓语动词。此处过去分词作定语。
7.is forbidden　考查动词的语态。句意：在机动车道和人行道上骑车是被禁止的。
8.regulations　考查名词。作介词on的宾语，故用名词。
9.However　考查状语从句的连接词。此处引导词连接让步状语从句。
10.doing/to be done　考查非谓语动词。require doing/to be done表示“需要被……”。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·安徽五校联盟高三上学期第二次质量检测)Last Saturday our class went hiking in a countryside. We meet at our school gate and set off at 8：00 am. On the way, we were singing and laughing happily while a girl suddenly fell into a deep hole. She felt so frightening and even burst into tears. One of my classmate found a long rope and we finally got him out. Fortunately, she didn't suffer seriously injuries, but it seemed that her ankle slightly twisted. We managed to sending her to the nearest hospital. It is an experience we'll never forget it, though we didn't enjoy ourselves very much that day.
答案：
Last Saturday our class went hiking in countryside. We at our school gate and set off at 8：00 am. On the way, we were singing and laughing happily a girl suddenly fell into a deep hole. She felt so and even burst into tears. One of my found a long rope and we finally got out. Fortunately, she didn't suffer injuries, but it seemed that her ankle slightly twisted. We managed to her to the nearest hospital. It is an experience we'll never forget ， though we didn't enjoy ourselves very much that day.
难项分析：
第二处：meet→met　考查动词的时态。根据上文中的时间状语“Last Saturday”可知，该句陈述的是上周六发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
第四处：frightening→frightened　考查形容词。根据该句主语“She”可知，该处指“她感到很害怕”，故用形容词frightened，修饰人。
第八处：ankle后加was　考查动词的时态和语态。句中的“her ankle”和twist之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；且该处陈述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故在ankle后加was。