2021高三统考北师大版英语一轮（经典版）学案：第一编Book5Unit15Learning


Unit 15　Learning


1.Education commences at the mother's knee, and every word spoken within the hearsay of children adds to the formation of character.
教育始于母亲膝下，孩童耳听一言一语，均影响其性格的形成。
2.Wise men learn by other men's mistakes; fools by their own.
聪明人从别人的错误中学习；笨人则从自己的错误中吸取教训。
3.Education is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to time that nothing worth knowing can be taught.
教育是令人羡慕的东西，但是要不时地记住：凡是值得知道的，没有一个是能够教会的。
4.Experience keeps a dear school, yet fools will learn in no other.
经验始终是收费高的学校，然而，笨汉非进此学校不可。
自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)suspect (vt.) 怀疑→suspectable (adj.) 可疑的，值得怀疑的
(2)user (n.) 使用者→use (vt.) 使用，利用→useful (adj.) 有用的→useless (adj.) 无用的
(3)instruct (vt.) 指导，教导→instruction (n.) 指示，教育，说明→instructional (adj.) 教学的，教育的→instructive (adj.) 富有教益的，教育性的
(4)bury (vt.) 埋葬
(5)distinguish (vt.) 区别，辨别→distinguishable (adj.) 可区别的，可辨别的→distinguishing (adj.) 有区别的→distinguished (adj.) 卓越的，尊贵的
(6)alternative (adj.) 非传统的；另类的；可供替代的→alternatively (adv.) (引出第二种选择或可能的建议)要不；或者→alternation (n.) 交替，轮流→alter (vt.) 改变；变化
(7)reputation (n.) 名誉，名声→reputable (adj.) 声誉好的， 有声望的
(8)obey (vt.) 服从，听从
(9)outstanding (adj.) 优秀的，杰出的→outstandingly (adv.) 非常，极好
(10)select (vt.) 挑选；选举→selected (adj.) 挑选出来的→selection (n.) 选择，选举→selective (adj.) 选择性的，选择的→selectively (adv.) 有选择地，选择性地
(11)misunderstand (vt.) 误解→misunderstanding (n.) 误解
(12)lack (vt.& n．) 缺乏，没有→lacking (adj.) 缺乏的，不足的
(13)drag (vt.) 拉；拖→draggy (adj.) 冗长乏味的
(14)access (n.) 机会，权利；入口，通路→accessible (adj.) 易接近的；易于理解的→accessibly (adv.) 可接近地；易受影响地
(15)worthwhile (adj.) 值得做的→worth (adj.) (同义词)值得的，价值……的→worthy (adj.)(同义词) 值得的
(16)acquire (vt.) 得到，获得→acquired (adj.) 习得的，养成的→acquirement (n.) 获得，取得；学到的东西
(17)thinking (n.) 思考，考虑→think (vt.) 思考，想→thinker (n.) 思想家→thought (n.) 想法
(18)defence (n.) 保卫，保护→defend (vt.) 保卫，保护
(19)ignore (vt.) 忽视，不顾，不理睬→ignorance (n.) 无知，愚昧
(20)assumption (n.) 假定，假设→assume (vt.) 以为；认为；假定为→assumed (adj.) 假定的，假设的→assumptive (adj.) 假设的
(21)urge (vt.) 力劝，强烈要求→urgent (adj.) 紧急的，急迫的→urgently (adv.) 紧急地
(22)inspire (v.) 启发；鼓舞→inspired (adj.) 卓越的；受鼓舞的→inspiration (n.) 灵感
(23)beneficial (adj.) 有用的，有益的→benefit (vt.) 有利于，有助于 (n.) 利益，好处
(24)image (n.) 印象；意象；形象→imagination (n.) 想象力，空想→imaginative (adj.) 想象的，幻想的
(25)adapt (vt.) 使适应；改编→adaptable (adj.) 可适应的→adaptation (n.) 适应；改编版
(26)appreciation (n.) 欣赏，感激；鉴赏力→appreciate (vt.) 欣赏；感激→appreciative (adj.) 感激的；有欣赏力的
Ⅱ　阅读单词
(1)spelling (n.) 拼法→spell (vt.) 拼写
(2)correction (n.) 改进，改正→correct (vt.) 改正→correctional (adj.) 改造的；惩治的→corrective (adj.) 纠正的，改正的
(3)simplify (vt.) 简化→simplification (n.) 简单化，单纯化→simple (adj.) 简单的→simply (adv.) 简单地
(4)blank (adj.) 空白的
(5)throat (n.) 咽喉，喉咙
(6)status (n.) 现状；社会地位
(7)punishment (n.) 惩罚，处罚→punish (vt.) 处罚，惩罚
(8)loose (adj.) 宽松的；放纵的→loosely (adv.) 轻率地；不严谨地→loosen (vt.) 松开，解开
(9)pace (n.) 速度，步速→paced (adj.) 步伐的，步调的
(10)reflect (vt.) 反映；反射→reflected (adj.) 反射的→reflection (n.) 反射，沉思
(11)pour (vt.) 倒，灌
(12)flame (n.) 火焰，火舌 (vi.) 燃烧，起火
(13)fellow (n.) 同伴
(14)rank (n.) 职衔
(15)religion (n.) 宗教→religious (adj.) 宗教的；虔诚的→religiously (adv.) 笃信地；虔敬地
(16)civilisation (n.) 文明→civilise (vt.) 使文明，使开化→civilised (adj.) 文明的
(17)vital (adj.) 极其重要的→significant (adj.) (同义词) 很重要的→important (adj.) (同义词) 重要的

　[单句语法填空]
1.He ________ (suspect) that the woman staying in the flat above was using heroin.
答案：suspected
2.The guide provides full ________ (instruct) on how to care for it.
答案：instructions
3.He ________ (bury) in piles of papers when I entered the room.
答案：was buried
4.Sometimes it's hard ________ (distinguish) reality from fantasy.
答案：to distinguish
5.I ________ (select) a file and pressed the Delete key.
答案：selected
6.He is a teacher who is ________ (worth) of respect.
答案：worthy
7.In fact, I ________ (ignore) his view on the subject, for his idea strayed from the theme.
答案：ignored
8.Recently, her achievements ________ (inspire) me to make more effort.
答案：have inspired
9.We need to challenge some of the basic ________ (assume) of western philosophy.
答案：assumptions
10.Using computers has a ________ (benefit) effect on children's learning.
答案：beneficial
联想积累
　前缀为mis－的动词
①misunderstand误解
②miscalculate 误算
③misread 误读
④mislead 误导
⑤misteach 错误/拙劣地教导
⑥misdescribe 错误描述
⑦misbelieve误信
⑧mistrust不信任
⑨mislike 不喜欢，厌恶
⑩misapply 误用，滥用
⑪misapprehend 误解，误会
⑫misbehave 行为不端
⑬miscarry 失败，流产
⑭miscount 算错

1.fail to do sth. 没能做某事/做某事失败
2.lay off 裁员，解雇，下岗
3.aside from 除……之外
4.switch off 关掉，切断
5.contribute to 有助于，促成
6.hand out 分发
7.to a certain extent 在某种程度上
8.add up to 总计达
9.set off 出发；引发
10.loose conduct 行为不检点，品行不端
11.in_person 亲自
12.have_access_to 有机会接触到……
13.tend_to 往往会，倾向于
14.be_accustomed_to 习惯于
15.put_forward 提出
16.approve_of 支持，赞成，批准
17.in_other_words 换句话说
18.as_a_whole 总的说来
19.be_relevant_to 与……有关
20.in_conclusion 总之
　[选词填空]
lay off， contribute to， to a certain extent， tend to， have access to， be accustomed to， put forward， in other words， as a whole， be relevant to
1.Some of the material presented may not ________ you or your circumstances.
答案：be relevant to
2.The firm ran into severe financial difficulties and was forced ________ a lot of employees.
答案：to lay off
3.We must consider these matters________.
答案：as a whole
4.Your efforts must ________ your success in the future.
答案：contribute to
5.I ________ see pictures in my mind when I am reading or listening.
答案：tend to
6.He has another appointment tomorrow. ________， I don't think he'll be attending your gathering.
答案：In other words
7.As long as you are a student of this school, you ________ the school library.
答案：have access to
8.She ________ getting eight hours of sleep a night.
答案：is accustomed to
9.________， the article reflected the reality.
答案：To a certain extent
10.I don't know why he had the courage to ________ suggestions at the meeting.
答案：put forward
联想积累
1.常用插入语
①in other words换句话说
②as a whole 总的说来
③in fact实际上，事实上
④in one's opinion在某人来看
⑤in general通常；一般而言；大体上
⑥in a word 总之，简言之
⑦in a few words总而言之；一言蔽之
⑧by the way顺便说，顺便问
⑨as a result结果
⑩for example例如
⑪on the contrary正相反
⑫to one's surprise使某人吃惊的是
⑬in short总之，简言之
联想积累
⑭as a matter of fact事实上
⑮I think我认为，我想
⑯in conclusion总之
⑰in brief简言之
⑱what's more 另外，而且
⑲what's worse更糟的是
⑳that is (to say) 那就是说
2.“动词＋off”组成的短语
①lay off 裁员，解雇，下岗
②switch/turn off 关掉
③face off 对抗
④fall off 脱落；跌落；下降
⑤get off 下来；脱下；动身
⑥go off 离开；响起；进行；变质；入睡
⑦leave off 停止
⑧kick off 开始干某事；开球
⑨make off 逃走，匆忙离开
⑩take off 起飞；脱下；突然成功
⑪pay off 还清；取得成功；得到回报
⑫come off 实现；脱落；举行
⑬cut off 切断，切掉；阻隔
⑭set off出发；引发
⑮send off寄出；派遣

课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.So many people think that after you retire, all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything you've ever learnt.
很多人认为退休后，你所能做的就是不再动脑，忘掉所学过的一切。(P36)
all you can do is＋do sth. 不定式作表语，对主语进行解释说明。当主语部分有实义动词do的任何一种形式时，作表语的不定式省去to
I felt that the kindest thing I can do now would be ________________.
我觉得我现在能做的最仁慈的事就是走开。
2.It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.
我们如何获得知识和理解现在似乎显而易见。(P42)
形式主语 it＋系动词seem/be ... ＋adj.＋主语从句
______________________ they want to leave us behind.
很明显，他们想把我们甩在后面。

答案：1.walk away　2.It is obvious that
直击重点 突破考点

①　suspect vt. 怀疑(P36)

(1)单句语法填空
①The two officials ________ (suspect) of taking a bribe.
②We trusted him so we never suspected ________ he was doing.
答案：①are suspected　②what
(2)单句写作
I suspected her ________________ my wallet.
我怀疑她偷了我的钱包。
答案：of stealing

(1)suspect sb. of (doing) ... 怀疑某人(做了)……
suspect sb./sth. 怀疑某人/某事
suspect＋that从句(或其他名词性从句) 怀疑……
It's suspected that ... 人们怀疑……
(2)suspicious adj. 可疑的；令人怀疑的
be suspicious of/about sth. 对某事怀疑
②　distinguish vt. 区别，辨别(P37)

(1)单句语法填空
①People who can't distinguish ________ colours are said to be colour－blind.
②It is hard to distinguish one twin ________ the other.
答案：①between　②from
(2)单句写作
What was it that ____________________ her classmates？
是什么使得她有别于班上其他同学呢？
答案：distinguished her from

(1)distinguish ... from ... 把……加以区别
distinguish between ... and ... 识别，辨别，区分
distinguish oneself 表现突出
(2)distinguishable adj. 可区别的；可辨识的
(3)distinguishing adj. 有区别的
(4)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的
③　alternative adj. 非传统的；另类的；可供替代的　n. 可供选择的事物(P38)

(1)单句语法填空
①The alternative to ________ (stay) in that dead­end job is to quit.
②I'm afraid I have no alternative but ________ (report) you to the police.
答案：①staying　②to report
(2)单句写作
I'm also devoted to listening to ________________.
我也喜欢听一些比较另类的音乐。
答案：alternative music

(1)have no alternative but to do sth.只能做某事，除……之外别无选择
there is no alternative but to do sth. 只能做某事
the alternative to (doing) sth. ……的替代
(be) faced with two alternatives面临两种选择
(2)alternatively adv. 要不；或者

alternative后接to, to是介词，介词后用动名词形式，不用不定式。
④　lack vt.& n. 缺乏，没有(P40)

(1)单句语法填空
①He ________ (lack) the judgement and political intelligence for the post of chairman.
②She is very popular and does not lack ________ friends.
答案：①lacked/lacks　②for
(2)单句改错
Many people die because lack of access to new cancer drugs.
______________________________________________________________
答案：because→for

(1)lack sth. 缺乏/缺少某物(无被动结构)
lack for ... 缺乏……(常用于否定句)
lack for nothing 什么也不缺
(2)for lack of 因缺乏……，因没有……
no lack of 不缺乏
a lack of ... 缺乏……
(3)be lacking in sth. 缺少某物
⑤　ignore vt. 忽视，不理睬，不顾(P42)

(1)单句语法填空
①I was deeply hurt by the way she just ________ (ignore) me.
②I don't like the feeling of ________ (ignore) in public.
答案：①ignored　②being ignored
(2)单句写作
I agree in principle, but we can't ________________.
我原则上同意，但我们不能忽视这些差异。
答案：ignore the differences

ignore sb./sth. 忽视某人/物
⑥　urge vt. 力劝，强烈要求(P42)

(1)单句语法填空
①The teacher urged ________ us the necessity of practice.
②They urged the school board ________ (approve) plans for their reform programme.
答案：①on/upon　②to approve
(2)单句改错
The report urged that all children were taught to swim.
______________________________________________________________
答案：were→(should) be

(1)urge sb. to do sth. 力劝某人做某事
urge sth. on/upon sb. 竭力主张某人做某事，向某人强调某事
urge sb. into/towards doing sth. 催促/敦促某人做某事
urge that ... /It is urged that ... (should＋动词原形，should可省略)竭力主张……
(2)have an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事
(3)urgent adj. 紧急的
(4)urgently adv. 紧急地，急迫地
(5)urgency n. 紧急，紧急的事
⑦　inspire vt. 激发，启发；鼓舞；使产生(某种感觉或情感)(P43)

(1)单句语法填空
①His passion for literature inspired him ________ (begin) writing.
②The teacher inspires confidence ________ his students.
答案：①to begin　②in
(2)单句写作
He is one of ______________________ people I've ever met.
他是我见过的最能鼓舞人心的人之一。
答案：the most inspiring

(1)inspire sb. to do sth.激发某人做某事
inspire sb. with ... 启发某人产生……
inspire sth. in sb. 激起某人的……(某种情感)
(2)inspired adj. 卓越的，激动人心的
inspiring adj. 激励人心的，启发灵感的
(3)inspiration n. 灵感，鼓舞人心的人或物
⑧　beneficial adj. 有用的，有益的(P43)

(1)单句语法填空
①It is beneficial ________ the society and the people.
②I have benefited ________ learning a foreign language.
答案：①to　②from
(2)单句写作
A culture of one nation may become international, which __________________ all mankind.
一个国家的文化可能成为世界文化，这对全人类都有益。
答案：is beneficial for

(1)be beneficial for/to ... 对……有益
(2)benefit vt.& n. 利益，好处
benefit sb. 使某人受益
benefit from/by ... 从……中获益
(3)be of (great) benefit (to ... ) (对)……(大)有裨益
for the benefit of 为了……的利益
⑨　adapt vt. (使)适应；改编(P44)

(1)单句语法填空
①We adapted ourselves quickly ________ life in Paris.
②This TV play series is adapted ________ the well­known novel of the same name.
答案：①to　②from
(2)单句写作
These tractors ______________________________ in very cold climates.
这些拖拉机已被改装，方便在寒冷气候环境中使用。
答案：have been adapted for use

(1)adapt oneself/sth. to ... 使自己/某物适应于……
(2)adapt ... for ... 改编/改造……为……之用
be adapted from ... 根据……改写或改编
(3)adaptation n. 适应；改编(本)
(4)adaptable adj. 能适应的

①　fail to没能(做)……(P36)

(1)单句语法填空
①He failed ________ his attempt to break the record.
②They failed ________ (rank) in the top ten.
答案：①in　②to be ranked
(2)单句改错
He felt he was failure.
______________________________________________________________
答案：was后加a

fail in (doing) sth. 没做成某事；做某事失败
never fail to do ... 从来不会忘记做某事……
words fail sb. 某人说不出话来；一时语塞
failure n. 失败；失败的人/事(作此意讲时为可数名词)

fail表示“在……方面失败”时，可以用作及物动词，其后不用任何介词，直接跟宾语；也可用作不及物动词，其后一般接介词in。
②　lay off 裁员，解雇，下岗(P36)

(1)单句语法填空
①They often lay ________ workmen during a business depression.
②He ________ (lay) off because of his being late and laziness.
答案：①off　②was laid
(2)单句写作
①She ______________ some money each month for emergencies.
她每月存一些钱以备急用。
②The terrorists were urged to __________________ their arms.
恐怖分子被敦促放下武器。
答案：①lays aside　②lay down

lay aside 搁置一旁；储存
lay down放下(武器)；(正式)阐述，声明
③　aside from 除……之外(P36)

(1)单句语法填空
①________ from the little savings I have no other money.
②Aside from ________ (delicious), this kind of food is also nutritious.
答案：①Aside　②being delicious
(2)单句写作
______________________________， the book is also beautifully illustrated.
除了写得好，这本书的插图也很漂亮。
答案：Aside from being well written

表示“除……之外”的词或短语：
besides, except, except for, apart from, aside from, other than, in addition to等。
④　contribute to 有助于，促成，导致；贡献；捐助；投稿给(P38)

(1)单句语法填空
①I am sure that this meeting will contribute ________ the reinforcement of peace and security all over the world.
②He contributed articles ________ the magazine.
③He has made great ________ (contribute) to the friendship between the two nations.
答案：①to　②to　③contributions
(2)单句改错
Technology has contributed to improve our lives.
______________________________________________________________
答案：improve→improving

(1)contribute ... to ... 把……捐献给……；向(报社等)投稿
(2)contribution n. 贡献
make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth. 为(做)某事作出贡献
⑤　to a certain extent 在某种程度上(P39)

(1)单句语法填空
________ a certain extent, it is a creative act in terms of design.
答案：To
(2)单句改错
①You are right to certain extent.
______________________________________________________________
②Its success will depend to a greatly extent on local attitudes.
______________________________________________________________
答案：①to后加a　②greatly→great

to some/a limited extent 从某种/在一定的程度上来说
to a great/large extent 在很大程度上

“在某种程度上”还可以用in a way表示。
⑥　have access to有接触到……的权利，能使用……，接近，靠近(P40)

(1)单句语法填空
Nowadays children have easy access ________ computers.
答案：to
(2)单句改错
①You will have an access to both User and Admin pages.
______________________________________________________________
②In some cases, you may not have access to see sensitive business data.
______________________________________________________________
答案：①去掉an　②see→seeing

(1)gain/get access to获得……机会或权利
seek access to寻求；获得
have no access to 没有……的机会；无法接近
(2)accessible adj. 易达到的；易接近的
be accessible to 可靠近的；容易进入的

access前通常不加冠词，且相关短语中的to为介词。
⑦　be accustomed to＝be used to习惯于(P42)

(1)单句语法填空
①My eyes became ________ (accustom) to the darkness after a while.
②Most consumers are accustomed to ________ (hunt) for bargains.
答案：①accustomed　②hunting
(2)单句写作
You may ______________________________ a monthly fee for your phone.
你可能习惯于按月支付话费。
答案：be accustomed to paying

accustom sb./oneself to ... 使某人习惯于……；养成……的习惯
be accustomed/used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事
get/become accustomed to (doing) sth. 变得习惯/适应(做)某事
⑧　approve of支持，赞成(P42)

(1)单句语法填空
①The council is considering whether ________ (approve) of the use of firearms.
②I didn't approve ________ what she was saying, so I walked away.
③The budget ________ (approve) by parliament.
答案：①to approve　②of　③was approved
(2)单句改错
Do you approve the way he is handling the thing？
______________________________________________________________
答案：approve后加of

approve of (sb.'s doing) sth. 赞成(某人做)某事

approve作“赞成，同意”解时用作不及物动词，常与of连用，这时其后可接包括人在内的名词、代词或动名词作宾语。作“批准，通过”解时用作及物动词。
⑨　be relevant to 与……有关(P44)

(1)单句语法填空
①These comments are not directly relevant ________ what he did.
②He is required to collect information which may ________ relevant to the case.
答案：①to　②be
(2)单句写作
We are trying to make politics ____________________ young people.
我们试图使政治活动更加贴近年轻人。
答案：more relevant to

(1)a relevant question一个相关的问题
(2)表示“与……相关”的短语：
be related to, be bound up with, be connected with, be linked with/to, be associated with

①　[教材原句]In the past, if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam, he would have had no chance of getting a degree.
在过去，如果像我这样的人没能通过大学考试进入大学，他就没有机会获得学位。(P36)

(1)单句语法填空
①If I had been there, I ________ (help) her to get through the hard time.
②If you ________ (study) harder, you would have been admitted into a key university.
答案：①would have helped　②had studied
(2)单句写作
If you ________________ to me, you would have a healthy body now.
如果你那时要是听我的话，你现在就有一个健康的体魄。
答案：had listened

if＋从句主语＋had done，主句主语＋would＋have done
本句型是虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的应用，是对过去情况的假设。若主、从句的动作发生在不同的时间，动词的形式要根据具体情况作出调整。若从句动作发生于过去，主句动作发生于现在，则从句中谓语动词用“had done”，主句中谓语动词用“would＋动词原形”，这种虚拟被称之为“错综时间虚拟语气”。
②　[教材原句]I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.
我认为到了我成为互联网用户的时候了。(P36)

(1)单句语法填空
①I think it is high time that you ________ (make) up your mind.
②She agreed that it was time that he ________ know what was in the box.
答案：①made/should make　②should
(2)单句改错
Obviously, it is high time that we will take some measures to solve the problem.
______________________________________________________________
答案：will→should

It is (high/about) time (that) ... 从句的谓语用动词的过去式或“should＋动词原形”表虚拟语气，此处should不省略。
③　[教材原句]I had no idea what an atom was and I didn't really want to know either！
我不知道原子是什么，我也不想知道！(P40)

(1)单句语法填空
①You have no idea ________ depressed it made me.
②We've no idea ________ his state of health is but at least we know he is still alive.
答案：①how　②what
(2)单句写作
I ____________________ there was such a thing before.
我都不记得这事情了。
答案：have no idea that

have an/no idea＋同位语从句
引导同位语从句的连接词可以是that(在句中不作成分，没有语意)，whether(不作成分，意为“是否”)，what, which, who, whom, whose, how, when, where(作成分，有语意)。后接同位语从句的常用词有：ability, advice, announcement, answer, argument, belief, chance, conclusion, decision, demand, doubt, evidence, explanation, fact, idea, impression, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proposal, question, remark, reply, saying, suggestion, thought, view, word等。
④　[教材原句]But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him, he was wrong at times.
但是，尽管亚里士多德是一个伟人，曾启迪了许多在他之后的伟大科学家和哲学家，但他有时也会出错。(P43)

(1)单句语法填空
①He will not tell the secret ________ he knows it.
②________ I'm quite a reserved person, I like meeting people.
答案：①even though/if　②Even though/if
(2)单句写作
I like her, ________________ she can be annoying at times.
我喜欢她，尽管她有的时候有点烦人。
答案：even though/if

even though/if引导让步状语从句，两者意思相近，基本可互换使用，even if偏假设，even though偏事实。
⑤　[教材原句]He seems to know everything about geography and is always telling us interesting facts.
他似乎对地理知识了如指掌，总是给我们讲有趣的事实。(P47)

(1)单句语法填空
She is always ________ (quarrel) with her mother every time she returns home.
答案：quarreling
(2)单句写作
Comrade Lei Feng ______________________ others.
雷锋同志总是助人为乐。
答案：was always helping/was always ready to help

现在进行时与频度副词always/constantly/continually等连用，表达说话人的一种赞赏、反对、埋怨等情绪，用以加强语气。
课文回练 升华运用
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sun Wen is 28 years old. Since his __1__ (fail) in the college entrance exam, he has been studying for a degree while __2__ (keep) a secure full－time job, and he is about to graduate now. He has his new qualification which makes him __3__ (promote) at work. His advice for us is that “It's never too late to learn.” Ms Tang is 45 years old. When she knew that she would be laid off, her mind went blank and her heart __4__ (swell) with anger. She __5__ (suspect) that it was not right for the company to lay her off because in the past the workers would have stayed in the company until retirement if they had worked for it for over 20 years. Grandpa Chen is 75 years old. He is teaching __6__ (him) new tricks every day, which certainly proves the __7__ (say) “You can't teach an old dog new tricks.” is not true. He had been sending letters __8__ airmail to his daughter in the US once a week, but later the postage went up, __9__ made him become __10__ Internet user.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.failure　2.keeping　 3.promoted　4.swelled　 5.suspected　6.himself　 7.saying　 8.by　 9.which　 10.an
基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.If they ________ (arrive) earlier, they would have caught up with the last train.
答案：had arrived　根据句意可知，是对过去动作的虚拟，从句谓语动词应用had done，故填had arrived。
2.If he had taken my advice, he would not ________ (fire).
答案：have been fired　对过去动作的虚拟，主句应该用would have done结构，且fire与主语之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态。
3.My brother ________ (lay) off three months ago. And now he is considering going back to school for new skills.
答案：was laid　表示“三个月前被解雇”应该用一般过去时的被动语态。
4.If you ________ (make) out a better plan for that, I think you would complete it ahead of time.
答案：made/should make　根据句意可知，此处是对将来动作的虚拟，从句中动词应该用过去式或“should＋动词原形”。
5.The boy is always ________ (give) me a helping hand whenever I am in trouble.
答案：giving　现在进行时与频度副词连用，表达说话人的一种赞赏、反对、埋怨等情绪，用以加强语气。
6.You should often go out for a walk. Fresh air and exercise can contribute ________ good health.
答案：to　contribute to表示“有助于”。
7.To ________ certain extent, what you said to him inspired him to keep on his career.
答案：a　to a certain extent表示“在某种程度上”。
8.I received the sad news ________ he had been killed in a motorcycle accident.
答案：that　根据句意可知，设空后的句子陈述了news的具体内容，故判定其为同位语从句，从句中成分及语意完整，故用that引导。
9.If you are admitted into this school, you can have access to ________ (learn) in the school library.
答案：learning　句中have access to中to是介词，后跟动名词作介词的宾语。
10.Goldbach's conjecture is hard ________ (overcome), otherwise people should have solved all the problems.
答案：to overcome　本句是常用句型“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do (的主动式)”，此时不定式作主补，主动形式表被动含义。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.This task would have been finished __________________________________ (如果你们要是及时给予我们援助的话).
答案：if you had given aid to us in time
2.We will manage to accomplish the task on time ______________ (纵然任务艰巨).
答案：even though it is difficult
3.As long as we ____________________ using computers, we will make great progress in our study.
只要我们习惯了使用电脑，我们的学习就会取得很大的进步。
答案：are accustomed to/are used to
4.______________________________________________________________
总的说来，在老师的帮助下，我开始喜欢学英语了。(as a whole)
答案：As a whole, with the help of my teacher, I began to like learning English.
5.______________________________________________________________
现在该是我们采取严厉措施保护环境的时候了。
答案：Now it is high time that we took strict measures to protect environment.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·山东省潍坊市高三4月二模)Cambridge University in the UK acknowledged on Monday that it did consider a Chinese student's score on the national college entrance exams known __1__ the gaokao for new admissions. It also stressed that admissions are not only based on test scores but a comprehensive __2__ (assess) of each applicant. The response came after inquiries poured in over the last two days __3__ (follow) news reports claiming Cambridge started accepting China's gaokao scores from new __4__ (applicant).
The reports __5__ (apparent) raised hopes of many Chinese students and parents __6__ thought entrance requirements to the storied university had now become somewhat __7__ (easy). Many netizens even joked __8__ they could retake their gaokao and get a better mark they would apply to the famed university. The university, however, says it __9__ (consider) gaokao scores for years, requiring a student __10__ (rank) in the top 0.1 percent on the test in their province. Students also have to pass the still­required test, IELTS.
In addition to Cambridge University, there are six other universities in the UK that recognize gaokao scores.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9.________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了英国剑桥大学对于中国新的申请者接受高考成绩作为录取标准之一后各界的反映。
1.as　考查固定搭配。known as sth. 为固定搭配，意为“以……而著称”。
2.assessment　考查词性转换。形容词comprehensive通常修饰名词，故填assess的名词形式assessment。
3.following　考查非谓语动词。句子主语The response与follow为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式作原因状语。
4.applicants　考查名词。applicant是可数名词，而且此处指所有新的申请者，故填复数形式applicants。
5.apparently　考查副词。此处修饰动词raised需用副词，故用副词形式apparently。
6.who/that　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为students and parents，指人，并且在从句中作主语，故用引导词who/that。
7.easier　考查形容词的比较级。此处指许多中国学生和家长认为现在剑桥大学的录取要求相比以前变得更容易了，故用形容词的比较级形式easier。
8.if　考查连词。句意：很多网民甚至开玩笑说如果他们可以重新参加高考并得到一个不错的分数，他们将申请名校。if此处作连词，意为“假如，要是，如果”。
9.has considered　考查动词的时态。此处陈述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时；同时根据时间状语for years可知，用一般现在完成时。
10.to rank　考查固定用法。require sb. to do sth. 为固定用法，意为“要求某人做某事”。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·陕西名校联盟高三模拟联考卷)
Dear Emily，
I'm glad to hear that you are going to learning Chinese folk dance in China. I'm more than happier to recommend an excellent teacher—Miss Chen for you.
Miss Chen is the best dance teachers in our school. I used to watch Miss Chen's performances of Chinese folk dance, which really impress me. I have seen almost all of her performances in our school. She has helped many students which want to learn folk dance, including me. In an addition, Miss Chen is patient or enthusiastic about teaching. I believe you will achieve a lot with help.
I hope you can take my suggestion into carefully consideration. I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Wang Ming
答案：
Dear Emily，
I'm glad to hear that you are going to Chinese folk dance in China. I'm more than to recommend an excellent teacher—Miss Chen you.
Miss Chen is the best dance in our school. I used to watch Miss Chen's performances of Chinese folk dance, which really me. I have seen almost all of her performances in our school. She has helped many students want to learn folk dance, including me. In addition, Miss Chen is patient enthusiastic about teaching. I believe you will achieve a lot with help.
I hope you can take my suggestion into consideration. I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Wang Ming
难项分析：
第五处：impress→impressed　考查动词的时态。这是发生在过去的动作，故用一般过去时。
第六处：which→who/that　考查定语从句的引导词。此处为定语从句，先行词为students，指人，在从句中作主语，故用who/that来引导。
第七处：去掉an　考查固定搭配。in addition “另外，此外”，固定搭配。