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2021高三统考人教英语一轮（经典版）学案：第一部分Book8Unit5Meetingyourancestors
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Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors
基础自主检测
阅读
识记
Ⅰ.英译汉
1.tentative adj. 试探性的；不确定的
2.ample adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的
3.spit vt. 吐出(唾液、食物等)
vi. 吐痰
4.howl vt.& vi. 嗥叫；叫喊；吼叫
n. 长嚎，嗥叫
5.dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的；眩晕的；使人发晕或困惑的
6.gay adj. 快乐的；欢快的
Ⅱ.汉译英
1.acute adj. 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的
2.primitive adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的
3.category n. 种类；类别；范畴
4.accelerate vi.& vt. 加速；促进
高频
应用
1.alternative n. 可能的选择 adj. 供选择的；其他的
2.regardless adv. 不管；不顾
3.somehow adv. 以……方式；不知怎么地
4.skillful adj. 有技巧的；熟练的
5.delete vt. 删；删除
拓展
变形
1.starvation (n.) 挨饿；饿死→starve (vi.) 挨饿；饿死
2.accuracy (n.) 精确；准确→accurate (adj.) 准确的；精确的
3.interrupt (vt.& vi.) 打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止→interruption (n.) 中断；干扰
4.assume (vt.) 假定；设想；承担→assumption (n.) 假定；承担→assuming (conj.) 假设
5.sharpen (vi.& vt.) (使)锋利；尖锐；清晰→sharp (adj.) 锋利的；尖锐的→sharpener (n.) 磨具；削具
6.messy (adj.) 凌乱的；脏的→mess (n.) 凌乱；脏
7.analysis (n.) (pl.analyses) 分析→analyse (vt.) 分析；分解
8.ripen (vt. & vi.) 使……成熟；成熟→ripe (adj.) 成熟的
9.significance (n.) 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义→significant (adj.) 重要的
10.systematic (adj.) 有系统的；有计划的；有条理的→system (n.) 系统；体系
11.receptionist (n.) 接待员；招待员→receive (v.) 收到；接待→reception (n.) 接待处；欢迎
12.division (n.) 分割；划分；分配；分界线→divide (vt.) 划分；隔开；分割
13.applaud (vi.& vt.) 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏→applause (n.) 鼓掌
14.accelerate (vi.& vt.) 加速；促进→acceleration (n.) 加速
1.后缀en构成的动词
①sharpen (使)变得锋利；加强
②ripen 变成熟
③shorten 变短；缩短
④widen (使)变宽
⑤deepen 使变深
⑥strengthen 加强
⑦frighten (使)惊吓
⑧darken 使变暗
2.cy结尾的名词
①accuracy 正确，准确(度)；精确
②efficiency 效率；效能
③emergency 紧急情况
④fluency 流畅，流利
⑤frequency 发生率；频率；频繁
⑥privacy 隐私；隐居
⑦tendency 倾向，趋势
3.分词用作介词或连词
①assuming 假设；假定
②considering 鉴于；考虑到
③including 包含；包括
④supposing 假设；假如
⑤provided/providing 假设；如果
⑥concerning 关于
⑦given 鉴于；考虑到
一 动词＋介/副词
1．cut up 切碎；使伤心
2．fed up_with 受够了；饱受；厌烦
3．look ahead 向前看；为将来打算
4．date from/back_to 追溯到；始于
5．keep out 关在门外；不准入内
6．show sb. around 领某人参观
二 be＋形容词＋介词
7．be aware of 知道
三 其他
8．regardless of 不管；不顾
9．at most 至多；最多
10．have no alternative but to_do ... 除了……别无选择；只好……
11．with relief 欣慰地；轻松地
1．most 相关短语
①at most 至多；最多
②not in the least 一点也不
③least of all 最不；尤其不
④last but not least 最后但同等重要的是
2．无被动语态的动词短语
①date from/back to 追溯到
②belong to 属于
③consist of 由……组成
④come true 变成现实
⑤take place 发生
⑥break out 爆发
__________________________________________________________________
1．It seems (to sb.) that ... “(对某人来说)似乎……”
It_seems_that (看起来似乎) they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.(教材P38)
2．as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，意为“正如；正像”
Yes, indeed, as_the_botanical_analyses_have_shown_us (正如植物学的分析结果明确告诉我们), all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.(教材P39)
3．if only 常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句，表示“要是……就好了”
If_only (要是……就好了) it could be just like last year！(教材P43)
4．“had＋过去分词 ... when ...”表示“刚刚……这时……”
She had_almost_reached (就要到达) her destination when (这时) a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.(教材P43)
5．only to do表示意想不到的或令人失望的结果，意思是“结果却……”
Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up (结果却被……搂了起来) by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.(教材P43)
单句语法填空
1．It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, ________ are interested in archaeology.
答案：who
2．You must be aware that it's here ________ we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.
答案：that
3．So we think it is reasonable ________ (assume) they lived in these caves, regardless ________ the cold.
答案：to assume; of
4．They couldn't have mats, blankets or quilts like we do. It must ________ (be) very uncomfortable.
答案：have been
5. ... , which suggests that they might have kept the fire ________ (burn) all winter.
答案：burning
6．We haven't found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep ________ the cold during the freezing winter.
答案：out
7．We know that they moved around, ________ (follow) the herds of animals.
答案：following
8．That's ________ they are called hunters and gatherers.
答案：why
9．He had a large, square face, ________ strongly pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones.
答案：with
10．Lala smiled and handed some stone scrapers over to Dahu, ________ smiled and went outside the cave to begin his task.
答案：who
考点步步冲关
1 alternative adj.供选择的；其他的
n．可能的选择；选择对象
Can you think of the alternatives we would use today？(P37)
你能想到我们今天可供利用的办法吗？
(1)have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth. 有做其他事的选择
there's no alternative ... ……别无选择
an alternative to ... ……一种替代/选择
(2)alternative energy 替代能源；新能源
alternative method 替代的方法
(3)alternatively adv. 可供选择地
[名师点津] “别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达形式：
①have no choice but to do sth.
②cannot but do sth.
③can do nothing but do sth.
④cannot help/choose but do sth.
即时练1
单句语法填空
①We could take the train or ________ (alternative) go by car.
②I have given the matter much thought, examining all the possible ________ (alternative)．
③We have no alternative but ________ (sell) our house to pay the debt.
④My grandmother didn't do anything but ________ (keep) house and serve everybody.
⑤If you don't like the school lunch, you have the alternative of ________ (bring) your own.
答案：①alternatively ②alternatives ③to sell ④keep ⑤bringing
一句多译
在四面楚歌的情况下，他没有别的办法，只好暂时放弃他的计划。
⑥Finding himself under fire from all quarters, he ________________________ his scheme for the time being. (alternative)
⑦Finding himself under fire from all quarters, he ____________________ his scheme for the time being. (can do nothing but)
答案：⑥had no alternative but to abandon ⑦can do nothing but abandon
2 interrupt vt.& vi.打断……讲话；暂时中断或中止；打岔
I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here？(P38)
对不起，打断了你的讲话，但是他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？(1)interrupt sb./sth. with sth. 因某事打断某人/某事
(2)interrupted adj. 中断的
(3)interruption n. 打扰；打岔
without interruption 连续地；不断地
即时练2
单句语法填空
①Sorry for the ________ (interrupt) but I'd like to remind you it's time for the meeting.
②The match took nearly three hours and ________ (interrupt) at times by rain.
③The speaker went on talking, though continually ________ (interrupt) by listeners.
答案：①interruption ②was interrupted ③interrupted
3 assume vt.假定；设想；承担
So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.(P38)
因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。
(1)assume sb./sth. to be 假定/假设某人/某事为……
It is assumed that ... ……被认为……
(2)assumption n. 假定；假设
make an assumption 认为；假定
on the assumption that ... 假定……
(3)assuming (that) conj. 假设，假定
[名师点津] assuming (that)表示“如果，假定”，引导条件状语从句，类似用法的词还有：
①supposing (that) conj. 假设；假如
②provided/providing (that) conj. 只要；如果
③given (that) conj. 鉴于；考虑到
④considering prep. & conj. 鉴于；考虑到
即时练3
单句语法填空
①His ________ (assume) that it was a gas explosion proved to be wrong.
②She had allowed him to live beneath her roof, ________ (assume) that he was a man of honour.
答案：①assumption ②assuming
一句多译
他们租了那个旧房子，以为在搬进来之前房东会重新粉刷。
③They rented the old house ____________________ the landlord would repaint it before they moved in. (assumption n．)
④They rented the old house ______________ the landlord would repaint it before they moved in. (assume v．)
答案：③on the assumption that ④assuming that
4 somehow adv.以某种方式(或方法)；不知怎么地
Somehow he cycled thirty miles to Dr Black because there was no alternative means of transport. (P40)
不管怎样他都会骑车去三十英里之外的布莱克博士那儿，因为没有其他可供选择的交通方式。somehow常用于陈述句、否定句，可置于句首或句尾，修饰全句。
,
anyhow
＝anyway，意为“无论如何”
somehow
意为“以某种方式”或“由于某种原因；不知怎么地”
somewhat
意为“有点；稍微”
即时练4
选词填空(anyhow/somehow/somewhat)
①I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world __________， but I had no idea how to do that.
②The price was ________ higher than I'd expected.
③It may rain, but ________ I shall go out. I don't mind the rain.
答案：①somehow ②somewhat ③anyhow
1
regardless of 不管；不顾
教材
原句
So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold. (P38)
因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。
(1)regardless of the fact that ... 不管/不顾……
(2)in spite of＝despite 不顾/虽然/尽管……
(3)as regards＝regarding＝in/with regard to 关于；至于
(4)regard ... as ... 把……看作……
即时练1
单句写作
①我们的俱乐部对每一个人开放，不管你的年龄、性别或教育背景。
Our club is open to everyone ______________ age, sex or educational background.
②尽管年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。
______________ his age, he still leads an active life.
答案：①regardless of ②In spite of/Despite
2
date back to (＝date from) 追溯到……
教材
原句
All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago.(P44)
所有物品都来自于三星堆遗址的同一挖掘现场，它们可追溯到3,000至5,000年前。
up to date 时髦的
out of date 过时的
make a date with 与……相约/约会
[名师点津] date back to一般无进行时态，也无被动语态。
即时练2
用date相关短语的适当形式填空
①The car is a beauty and quite ____________.
②The traditional friendship between our two peoples ____________ ancient days.
③Much of the information in that book is now ______________.
④I've ______________ Harold for next Sunday. Will you be able to come to the meeting?
答案：①up to date ②dates back to/dates from ③out of date ④made a date with
3
be fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦
教材
原句
Well, I'm fed up with all the attention and ... (P41)
嗯，我受够了所有这些关注和……
be bored with 对……厌烦
be content/satisfied with 对……满意
be delighted/pleased with 对……感到高兴
即时练3
单句语法填空
①I resigned from the company because I was fed up ________ my boss's constant complaints.
②________ (feed) up with his lies, she won't believe in him any longer.
答案：①with ②Fed
一句多译
戴维厌烦了在伦敦的工作，所以他请求转到巴黎的办公室。
③David ________________ in London, so he asked for a transfer to the Paris office.(并列句)
④____________________ in London, David asked for a transfer to the Paris office. (分词作状语)
答案：③was fed up with his job ④Fed up with his job
1
If_only it could be just like last year! (P43)
翻译
要是能像去年那样就好了！
if only “但愿……；要是……就好了”，常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句。
(1)“if only ... could/would/might＋do ...”表示对将来事情的愿望。
(2)“if only ... did ...”表示与现在事实相反的愿望。
(3)“if only ... had done ...”表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
if only
用来表达愿望，意为“但愿……；要是……就好了”，句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气
only if
由副词only和从属连词if组合而成，only仅起强调作用，意为“只要”；“only＋if状语”位于句首时，引起主句部分倒装
即时练1
单句语法填空
①Only if a teacher has given permission ________ (be) a student allowed to enter this room.
②Only if I get a job ________ I have enough money to go to school.
③Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ________ (follow) your advice.
④If only he ________ (arrive) in time, he would not have been punished.
⑤If only I ________ (have) more money! I could buy some new clothes.
答案：①is ②will ③had followed ④had arrived ⑤had
2
Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.(P43)
翻译
突然间她坐了下去，却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。
(1)only to do sth.“不料；结果……”，动词不定式作结果状语，表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果。
(2)不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别：不定式作结果状语时，表示其动作发生在谓语动词之后，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的事情，不定式前常加only；另外，不定式还用于too ... to, enough to, never to, so/such ... as to等固定结构中。现在分词作结果状语时，表示伴随谓语动词动作的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生)，有时在其前面加上thus，谓语动词与现在分词的动作是因果关系。
即时练2
单句语法填空
①The fire was too big and out of control, ________ (burn) the whole building down.
②The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ________ (inform) that the film star had left.
③The child slipped and fell, ________ (hit) his head against the door.
④He has got married and settled in Australia, thus ________ (leave) his family in Hong Kong.
答案：①burning ②to be informed ③hitting ④leaving
动词时态：现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间一直持续到现在，其动作是否持续下去，则由上下文决定。
1．叙述某一动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，仍在继续之中或刚刚停止。常与for, since, all morning/day/week等状语连用。
①The telephone has been ringing for almost a minute. Why doesn't someone answer it?
电话响了几乎一分钟，为什么没有人接呢？
2．表示重复的动作。有时现在完成进行时表示的动作并不是一直不停地进行，而是在断断续续的重复。
②—We've spent too much money recently.
—Well, it isn't surprising. Our friends and relatives have been coming around all the time.
——最近我们花了太多的钱。
——好啦，这不奇怪。我们的朋友和亲戚一直来访。
3．表示“刚才、近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续，此时一般通过上下文语境来判断。
③She has been sweeping the street all day. She is too tired.
她整天在打扫街道，她太累了。
4．带有浓重的感情色彩，强调持续了“那么久”或做得“那么辛苦”。
④Oh, you've come at last! I have been waiting for you for two hours.
哦，你终于来了！我一直等了你两小时。
即时练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We ________ (wait) here for more than two hours.
答案：have been waiting
2．Since the time humankind started gardening, we ________ (try) to make our environment more beautiful.
答案：have been trying
3．—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and ________ (write) his essay there ever since.
答案：has been writing
4．The girl has a great interest in sport and ________ (take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.
答案：has been taking
5．Tom ________ (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.
答案：has been working
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Tom has been dig in the garden. I've been helping him.
________________________________________________
答案：dig→digging
2．Joseph had been going to evening classes since last month, but he still can't say “What's your name？” in Russian.
________________________________________________
答案：had→has
3．The manager has been told the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
________________________________________________
答案：told→telling
基础达标演练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I am not accustomed to ________ (interrupt) when studying or working, so please remember this and don't do it again.
答案：being interrupted
2．The headmaster hurried to the concert hall, only ________ (tell) the speaker had gone.
答案：to be told
3．It's ________ great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you.
答案：a
4．Fun though all this may sound, it's still rather ________ (mess)．
答案：messy
5．The classroom is silent except for the busy ________ (scratch) of pens on paper.
答案：scratching
6．No sooner ________ the professor entered the conference hall than everyone applauded.
答案：had
7．There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but ________ (wait)．
答案：to wait
8．________ (assume) that you are chosen to be a volunteer at the Olympic Games, what will you do?
答案：Assuming
9．As I waved goodbye to them, I reflected on the ________ (significant) of what I had seen.
答案：significance
10．Only if a teacher has given permission ________ (be) a student allowed to enter the room.
答案：is
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It seems of great significance for him to be informed regardless what has happened at home and abroad.
________________________________________________
答案：regardless后加of
2．It's true that the old road is less direct and a bit longer. Therefore, they don't like to take the new one.
________________________________________________
答案：Therefore→However
3．Johnson's best friend was arrested in Australia with carrying a false passport.
________________________________________________
答案：with→for
4．The friendship dates from the war years has always lasted and will last forever.
________________________________________________
答案：dates→dating或dates前加that/which
5．If only they are here now! We would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary.
________________________________________________
答案：are→were
Ⅲ.教材微写作
A．根据提示完成句子
1．李华是高三学生，经常想“要是我现在是大学生该多好啊！”(if only虚拟语气)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：Li Hua, a student of Senior Three, often says to himself, “If only I were a college student！”
2．为将来打算，他除了为即将到来的高考做准备外别无选择。(状语从句省略；alternative)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：Looking ahead, he has no alternative but to prepare for the coming College Entrance Examination.
3．尽管他对每天做那么多的练习感到非常厌倦，但不管有多少困难，他都不得不加快复习的步伐。(feed up; regardless of)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：Though fed up with doing lots of exercises every day, he has to accelerate the pace of his revision, regardless of difficulties.
4．他的父母从不打断他学习，并经常给予他鼓励和赞赏。(interrupt; applause)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：His parents never interrupt his learning and they often give him encouragement and applause.
B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范
答案：Li Hua, a student of Senior Three, often says to himself, “If only I were a college student！” However, looking ahead, he has no alternative but to prepare for the coming College Entrance Examination. Though fed up with doing lots of exercises every day, he has to accelerate the pace of his revision, regardless of difficulties. His parents never interrupt his learning and they often give him encouragement and applause.
Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors
基础自主检测
阅读
识记
Ⅰ.英译汉
1.tentative adj. 试探性的；不确定的
2.ample adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的
3.spit vt. 吐出(唾液、食物等)
vi. 吐痰
4.howl vt.& vi. 嗥叫；叫喊；吼叫
n. 长嚎，嗥叫
5.dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的；眩晕的；使人发晕或困惑的
6.gay adj. 快乐的；欢快的
Ⅱ.汉译英
1.acute adj. 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的
2.primitive adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的
3.category n. 种类；类别；范畴
4.accelerate vi.& vt. 加速；促进
高频
应用
1.alternative n. 可能的选择 adj. 供选择的；其他的
2.regardless adv. 不管；不顾
3.somehow adv. 以……方式；不知怎么地
4.skillful adj. 有技巧的；熟练的
5.delete vt. 删；删除
拓展
变形
1.starvation (n.) 挨饿；饿死→starve (vi.) 挨饿；饿死
2.accuracy (n.) 精确；准确→accurate (adj.) 准确的；精确的
3.interrupt (vt.& vi.) 打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止→interruption (n.) 中断；干扰
4.assume (vt.) 假定；设想；承担→assumption (n.) 假定；承担→assuming (conj.) 假设
5.sharpen (vi.& vt.) (使)锋利；尖锐；清晰→sharp (adj.) 锋利的；尖锐的→sharpener (n.) 磨具；削具
6.messy (adj.) 凌乱的；脏的→mess (n.) 凌乱；脏
7.analysis (n.) (pl.analyses) 分析→analyse (vt.) 分析；分解
8.ripen (vt. & vi.) 使……成熟；成熟→ripe (adj.) 成熟的
9.significance (n.) 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义→significant (adj.) 重要的
10.systematic (adj.) 有系统的；有计划的；有条理的→system (n.) 系统；体系
11.receptionist (n.) 接待员；招待员→receive (v.) 收到；接待→reception (n.) 接待处；欢迎
12.division (n.) 分割；划分；分配；分界线→divide (vt.) 划分；隔开；分割
13.applaud (vi.& vt.) 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏→applause (n.) 鼓掌
14.accelerate (vi.& vt.) 加速；促进→acceleration (n.) 加速
1.后缀en构成的动词
①sharpen (使)变得锋利；加强
②ripen 变成熟
③shorten 变短；缩短
④widen (使)变宽
⑤deepen 使变深
⑥strengthen 加强
⑦frighten (使)惊吓
⑧darken 使变暗
2.cy结尾的名词
①accuracy 正确，准确(度)；精确
②efficiency 效率；效能
③emergency 紧急情况
④fluency 流畅，流利
⑤frequency 发生率；频率；频繁
⑥privacy 隐私；隐居
⑦tendency 倾向，趋势
3.分词用作介词或连词
①assuming 假设；假定
②considering 鉴于；考虑到
③including 包含；包括
④supposing 假设；假如
⑤provided/providing 假设；如果
⑥concerning 关于
⑦given 鉴于；考虑到
一 动词＋介/副词
1．cut up 切碎；使伤心
2．fed up_with 受够了；饱受；厌烦
3．look ahead 向前看；为将来打算
4．date from/back_to 追溯到；始于
5．keep out 关在门外；不准入内
6．show sb. around 领某人参观
二 be＋形容词＋介词
7．be aware of 知道
三 其他
8．regardless of 不管；不顾
9．at most 至多；最多
10．have no alternative but to_do ... 除了……别无选择；只好……
11．with relief 欣慰地；轻松地
1．most 相关短语
①at most 至多；最多
②not in the least 一点也不
③least of all 最不；尤其不
④last but not least 最后但同等重要的是
2．无被动语态的动词短语
①date from/back to 追溯到
②belong to 属于
③consist of 由……组成
④come true 变成现实
⑤take place 发生
⑥break out 爆发
__________________________________________________________________
1．It seems (to sb.) that ... “(对某人来说)似乎……”
It_seems_that (看起来似乎) they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.(教材P38)
2．as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，意为“正如；正像”
Yes, indeed, as_the_botanical_analyses_have_shown_us (正如植物学的分析结果明确告诉我们), all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.(教材P39)
3．if only 常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句，表示“要是……就好了”
If_only (要是……就好了) it could be just like last year！(教材P43)
4．“had＋过去分词 ... when ...”表示“刚刚……这时……”
She had_almost_reached (就要到达) her destination when (这时) a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.(教材P43)
5．only to do表示意想不到的或令人失望的结果，意思是“结果却……”
Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up (结果却被……搂了起来) by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.(教材P43)
单句语法填空
1．It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, ________ are interested in archaeology.
答案：who
2．You must be aware that it's here ________ we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.
答案：that
3．So we think it is reasonable ________ (assume) they lived in these caves, regardless ________ the cold.
答案：to assume; of
4．They couldn't have mats, blankets or quilts like we do. It must ________ (be) very uncomfortable.
答案：have been
5. ... , which suggests that they might have kept the fire ________ (burn) all winter.
答案：burning
6．We haven't found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep ________ the cold during the freezing winter.
答案：out
7．We know that they moved around, ________ (follow) the herds of animals.
答案：following
8．That's ________ they are called hunters and gatherers.
答案：why
9．He had a large, square face, ________ strongly pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones.
答案：with
10．Lala smiled and handed some stone scrapers over to Dahu, ________ smiled and went outside the cave to begin his task.
答案：who
考点步步冲关
1 alternative adj.供选择的；其他的
n．可能的选择；选择对象
Can you think of the alternatives we would use today？(P37)
你能想到我们今天可供利用的办法吗？
(1)have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth. 有做其他事的选择
there's no alternative ... ……别无选择
an alternative to ... ……一种替代/选择
(2)alternative energy 替代能源；新能源
alternative method 替代的方法
(3)alternatively adv. 可供选择地
[名师点津] “别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达形式：
①have no choice but to do sth.
②cannot but do sth.
③can do nothing but do sth.
④cannot help/choose but do sth.
即时练1
单句语法填空
①We could take the train or ________ (alternative) go by car.
②I have given the matter much thought, examining all the possible ________ (alternative)．
③We have no alternative but ________ (sell) our house to pay the debt.
④My grandmother didn't do anything but ________ (keep) house and serve everybody.
⑤If you don't like the school lunch, you have the alternative of ________ (bring) your own.
答案：①alternatively ②alternatives ③to sell ④keep ⑤bringing
一句多译
在四面楚歌的情况下，他没有别的办法，只好暂时放弃他的计划。
⑥Finding himself under fire from all quarters, he ________________________ his scheme for the time being. (alternative)
⑦Finding himself under fire from all quarters, he ____________________ his scheme for the time being. (can do nothing but)
答案：⑥had no alternative but to abandon ⑦can do nothing but abandon
2 interrupt vt.& vi.打断……讲话；暂时中断或中止；打岔
I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here？(P38)
对不起，打断了你的讲话，但是他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？(1)interrupt sb./sth. with sth. 因某事打断某人/某事
(2)interrupted adj. 中断的
(3)interruption n. 打扰；打岔
without interruption 连续地；不断地
即时练2
单句语法填空
①Sorry for the ________ (interrupt) but I'd like to remind you it's time for the meeting.
②The match took nearly three hours and ________ (interrupt) at times by rain.
③The speaker went on talking, though continually ________ (interrupt) by listeners.
答案：①interruption ②was interrupted ③interrupted
3 assume vt.假定；设想；承担
So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.(P38)
因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。
(1)assume sb./sth. to be 假定/假设某人/某事为……
It is assumed that ... ……被认为……
(2)assumption n. 假定；假设
make an assumption 认为；假定
on the assumption that ... 假定……
(3)assuming (that) conj. 假设，假定
[名师点津] assuming (that)表示“如果，假定”，引导条件状语从句，类似用法的词还有：
①supposing (that) conj. 假设；假如
②provided/providing (that) conj. 只要；如果
③given (that) conj. 鉴于；考虑到
④considering prep. & conj. 鉴于；考虑到
即时练3
单句语法填空
①His ________ (assume) that it was a gas explosion proved to be wrong.
②She had allowed him to live beneath her roof, ________ (assume) that he was a man of honour.
答案：①assumption ②assuming
一句多译
他们租了那个旧房子，以为在搬进来之前房东会重新粉刷。
③They rented the old house ____________________ the landlord would repaint it before they moved in. (assumption n．)
④They rented the old house ______________ the landlord would repaint it before they moved in. (assume v．)
答案：③on the assumption that ④assuming that
4 somehow adv.以某种方式(或方法)；不知怎么地
Somehow he cycled thirty miles to Dr Black because there was no alternative means of transport. (P40)
不管怎样他都会骑车去三十英里之外的布莱克博士那儿，因为没有其他可供选择的交通方式。somehow常用于陈述句、否定句，可置于句首或句尾，修饰全句。
,
anyhow
＝anyway，意为“无论如何”
somehow
意为“以某种方式”或“由于某种原因；不知怎么地”
somewhat
意为“有点；稍微”
即时练4
选词填空(anyhow/somehow/somewhat)
①I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world __________， but I had no idea how to do that.
②The price was ________ higher than I'd expected.
③It may rain, but ________ I shall go out. I don't mind the rain.
答案：①somehow ②somewhat ③anyhow
1
regardless of 不管；不顾
教材
原句
So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold. (P38)
因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。
(1)regardless of the fact that ... 不管/不顾……
(2)in spite of＝despite 不顾/虽然/尽管……
(3)as regards＝regarding＝in/with regard to 关于；至于
(4)regard ... as ... 把……看作……
即时练1
单句写作
①我们的俱乐部对每一个人开放，不管你的年龄、性别或教育背景。
Our club is open to everyone ______________ age, sex or educational background.
②尽管年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。
______________ his age, he still leads an active life.
答案：①regardless of ②In spite of/Despite
2
date back to (＝date from) 追溯到……
教材
原句
All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago.(P44)
所有物品都来自于三星堆遗址的同一挖掘现场，它们可追溯到3,000至5,000年前。
up to date 时髦的
out of date 过时的
make a date with 与……相约/约会
[名师点津] date back to一般无进行时态，也无被动语态。
即时练2
用date相关短语的适当形式填空
①The car is a beauty and quite ____________.
②The traditional friendship between our two peoples ____________ ancient days.
③Much of the information in that book is now ______________.
④I've ______________ Harold for next Sunday. Will you be able to come to the meeting?
答案：①up to date ②dates back to/dates from ③out of date ④made a date with
3
be fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦
教材
原句
Well, I'm fed up with all the attention and ... (P41)
嗯，我受够了所有这些关注和……
be bored with 对……厌烦
be content/satisfied with 对……满意
be delighted/pleased with 对……感到高兴
即时练3
单句语法填空
①I resigned from the company because I was fed up ________ my boss's constant complaints.
②________ (feed) up with his lies, she won't believe in him any longer.
答案：①with ②Fed
一句多译
戴维厌烦了在伦敦的工作，所以他请求转到巴黎的办公室。
③David ________________ in London, so he asked for a transfer to the Paris office.(并列句)
④____________________ in London, David asked for a transfer to the Paris office. (分词作状语)
答案：③was fed up with his job ④Fed up with his job
1
If_only it could be just like last year! (P43)
翻译
要是能像去年那样就好了！
if only “但愿……；要是……就好了”，常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句。
(1)“if only ... could/would/might＋do ...”表示对将来事情的愿望。
(2)“if only ... did ...”表示与现在事实相反的愿望。
(3)“if only ... had done ...”表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
if only
用来表达愿望，意为“但愿……；要是……就好了”，句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气
only if
由副词only和从属连词if组合而成，only仅起强调作用，意为“只要”；“only＋if状语”位于句首时，引起主句部分倒装
即时练1
单句语法填空
①Only if a teacher has given permission ________ (be) a student allowed to enter this room.
②Only if I get a job ________ I have enough money to go to school.
③Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ________ (follow) your advice.
④If only he ________ (arrive) in time, he would not have been punished.
⑤If only I ________ (have) more money! I could buy some new clothes.
答案：①is ②will ③had followed ④had arrived ⑤had
2
Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.(P43)
翻译
突然间她坐了下去，却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。
(1)only to do sth.“不料；结果……”，动词不定式作结果状语，表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果。
(2)不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别：不定式作结果状语时，表示其动作发生在谓语动词之后，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的事情，不定式前常加only；另外，不定式还用于too ... to, enough to, never to, so/such ... as to等固定结构中。现在分词作结果状语时，表示伴随谓语动词动作的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生)，有时在其前面加上thus，谓语动词与现在分词的动作是因果关系。
即时练2
单句语法填空
①The fire was too big and out of control, ________ (burn) the whole building down.
②The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ________ (inform) that the film star had left.
③The child slipped and fell, ________ (hit) his head against the door.
④He has got married and settled in Australia, thus ________ (leave) his family in Hong Kong.
答案：①burning ②to be informed ③hitting ④leaving
动词时态：现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间一直持续到现在，其动作是否持续下去，则由上下文决定。
1．叙述某一动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，仍在继续之中或刚刚停止。常与for, since, all morning/day/week等状语连用。
①The telephone has been ringing for almost a minute. Why doesn't someone answer it?
电话响了几乎一分钟，为什么没有人接呢？
2．表示重复的动作。有时现在完成进行时表示的动作并不是一直不停地进行，而是在断断续续的重复。
②—We've spent too much money recently.
—Well, it isn't surprising. Our friends and relatives have been coming around all the time.
——最近我们花了太多的钱。
——好啦，这不奇怪。我们的朋友和亲戚一直来访。
3．表示“刚才、近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续，此时一般通过上下文语境来判断。
③She has been sweeping the street all day. She is too tired.
她整天在打扫街道，她太累了。
4．带有浓重的感情色彩，强调持续了“那么久”或做得“那么辛苦”。
④Oh, you've come at last! I have been waiting for you for two hours.
哦，你终于来了！我一直等了你两小时。
即时练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We ________ (wait) here for more than two hours.
答案：have been waiting
2．Since the time humankind started gardening, we ________ (try) to make our environment more beautiful.
答案：have been trying
3．—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and ________ (write) his essay there ever since.
答案：has been writing
4．The girl has a great interest in sport and ________ (take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.
答案：has been taking
5．Tom ________ (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.
答案：has been working
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Tom has been dig in the garden. I've been helping him.
________________________________________________
答案：dig→digging
2．Joseph had been going to evening classes since last month, but he still can't say “What's your name？” in Russian.
________________________________________________
答案：had→has
3．The manager has been told the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
________________________________________________
答案：told→telling
基础达标演练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I am not accustomed to ________ (interrupt) when studying or working, so please remember this and don't do it again.
答案：being interrupted
2．The headmaster hurried to the concert hall, only ________ (tell) the speaker had gone.
答案：to be told
3．It's ________ great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you.
答案：a
4．Fun though all this may sound, it's still rather ________ (mess)．
答案：messy
5．The classroom is silent except for the busy ________ (scratch) of pens on paper.
答案：scratching
6．No sooner ________ the professor entered the conference hall than everyone applauded.
答案：had
7．There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but ________ (wait)．
答案：to wait
8．________ (assume) that you are chosen to be a volunteer at the Olympic Games, what will you do?
答案：Assuming
9．As I waved goodbye to them, I reflected on the ________ (significant) of what I had seen.
答案：significance
10．Only if a teacher has given permission ________ (be) a student allowed to enter the room.
答案：is
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It seems of great significance for him to be informed regardless what has happened at home and abroad.
________________________________________________
答案：regardless后加of
2．It's true that the old road is less direct and a bit longer. Therefore, they don't like to take the new one.
________________________________________________
答案：Therefore→However
3．Johnson's best friend was arrested in Australia with carrying a false passport.
________________________________________________
答案：with→for
4．The friendship dates from the war years has always lasted and will last forever.
________________________________________________
答案：dates→dating或dates前加that/which
5．If only they are here now! We would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary.
________________________________________________
答案：are→were
Ⅲ.教材微写作
A．根据提示完成句子
1．李华是高三学生，经常想“要是我现在是大学生该多好啊！”(if only虚拟语气)
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答案：Li Hua, a student of Senior Three, often says to himself, “If only I were a college student！”
2．为将来打算，他除了为即将到来的高考做准备外别无选择。(状语从句省略；alternative)
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答案：Looking ahead, he has no alternative but to prepare for the coming College Entrance Examination.
3．尽管他对每天做那么多的练习感到非常厌倦，但不管有多少困难，他都不得不加快复习的步伐。(feed up; regardless of)
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答案：Though fed up with doing lots of exercises every day, he has to accelerate the pace of his revision, regardless of difficulties.
4．他的父母从不打断他学习，并经常给予他鼓励和赞赏。(interrupt; applause)
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答案：His parents never interrupt his learning and they often give him encouragement and applause.
B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范
答案：Li Hua, a student of Senior Three, often says to himself, “If only I were a college student！” However, looking ahead, he has no alternative but to prepare for the coming College Entrance Examination. Though fed up with doing lots of exercises every day, he has to accelerate the pace of his revision, regardless of difficulties. His parents never interrupt his learning and they often give him encouragement and applause.
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