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2021高三统考人教英语一轮（经典版）学案：第一部分Book1Unit4Earthquakes
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Unit 4 Earthquakes
基础自主检测
阅读识记
Ⅰ.英译汉
1.earthquake n. 地震
2.event n. 事件；大事
3.canal n. 运河；沟渠
4.shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽体；避身处
5.reporter n. 记者
6.outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓
Ⅱ.汉译英
1.well n. 井
2.pipe n. 管；导管
3.steam n. 蒸汽；水汽
4.track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹
5.express vt. 表示；表达 n. 快车；速递
6.headline n. 报刊的大字标题
高频应用
1.burst vi. 爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发
2.ruin n. 废墟；毁灭 vt. 毁灭；使破产
3.rescue n．& vt. 援救；营救
4.trap vt. 使陷入困境 n. 陷阱；困境
5.disaster n. 灾难；灾祸
6.bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
7.damage n．& vt. 损失；损害
8.sincerely adv. 真诚地；真挚地
拓展变形
1.nation (n.) 民族；国家；国民→national (adj.) 国家的；民族的
2.dirt (n.) 污垢；泥土→dirty (adj.) 脏的，肮脏的
3.suffering (n.) 苦难；痛苦→suffer (vt.& vi.) 遭受；忍受→sufferer (n.) 患者；受害者
4.extreme (adj.) 极度的→extremely (adv.) 极度地
5.injure (vt.) 损害；伤害→injury (n.) 伤害；损害→injured (adj.) 受伤的
6.survivor (n.) 幸存者；生还者；残存物→survive (vt.& vi.) 幸存；存活下来→survival (n.) 生存；存活；幸存
7.destroy (vt.) 破坏；毁坏；消灭→destruction (n.) 破坏；摧毁
8.useless (adj.) 无用的；无效的；无益的→useful (adj.) 有用的
9.shock (vt.& vi.)(使)震惊；震动 (n.) 休克；打击；震惊→shocking (adj.) 令人震惊的→shocked (adj.) 震惊的
10.electricity (n.) 电；电流；电学→electric (adj.) 用电的；带电的→electrical (adj.) 与电有关的；电学的
11.mine (n.) 矿；矿山；矿井→miner (n.) 矿工
12.frighten (vt.) 使惊吓；吓唬→frightened (adj.) 受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening (adj.) 令人恐惧的
13.congratulation (n.) 祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate (vt.) 祝贺
14.judge (n.) 裁判员；法官 (vt.) 断定；判断；判决→judgement (n.) 意见；判断力；审判
1.“adj.＋ity＝n.”荟萃
①electricity 电；电流；电学
②popularity 受欢迎；流行
③reality 现实
④similarity 相似点
⑤security 安全
⑥equality 平等
⑦majority 大多数
2.“ing/ed”结尾的形容词聚会
①
②
③
④
⑤
3.“自然灾害”相关单词一览
①disaster n. 灾难；不幸
②earthquake n. 地震
③drought n. 旱灾；干旱
④eruption n. (火山)喷发
⑤hurricane n. 飓风
⑥tsunami n. 海啸
一 动词＋介/副词
1.think little/nothing of 以为……没什么了不起
2.dig out 掘出；挖掉
二 be＋过去分词＋介词
3.be trapped in 陷入；被困住
三 介词＋名词
4.at an end 结束；终结
5.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
四 其他
6.right away 立刻；马上
7.as if 好像；仿佛
8.a (great) number of 许多；大量的
9.be proud of 以……而自豪
1.“think＋副词＋of”短语荟萃
①think little of 认为……没什么了不起
②think highly of 重视；看得起
③think well of 重视
④think poorly of 轻视
⑤think badly of 认为……不好
2.“be＋过去分词＋介词”结构短语小结
①be trapped in 陷入困境；被困在
②be occupied with 忙于；从事于
③be absorbed in 专心于
④be engaged in 从事于；忙于
⑤be devoted to 献身于
⑥be buried in 沉思；埋头于
1.too ... to ... “太……而不能……”
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat (紧张得不想吃食)．(教材P26)
2.looking for ... 是现在分词短语作伴随状语
Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide (找地方藏身)．(教材P26)
3.It seems/seemed as if ... “看起来好像……”
It seemed as if (看起来好像) the world was at an end！(教材P26)
4.leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents (成了孤儿)．(教材P26)
5.everywhere用作连词，引导让步状语从句
Everywhere they looked (人们无论朝哪看) nearly everything was destroyed.(教材P26)
6.all ... not表示部分否定
All hope was not (并不是所有的希望) lost.(教材P26)
单句语法填空
1.It was felt in Beijing, is more than two hundred kilometres away.
答案：which
2.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city (lie) in ruins.
答案：lay
3. number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.
答案：The
4.The army organized teams to dig out those who (trap) and to bury the dead.
答案：were trapped
5.Workers built shelters for survivors homes had been destroyed.
答案：whose
6. (slow), the city began to breathe again.
答案：Slowly
7.This (frighten) boy whose mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now.
答案：frightened
8. (congratulate)! We are pleased (tell) you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.
答案：Congratulations; to tell
9.Your speech was heard by a group of five (judge), all of agreed that it was the best one this year.
答案：judges; whom
10. you know, this is the day the quake happened thirtyfive years ago.
答案：As
考点步步冲关
1 burst vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发
n．突然破裂；爆发
In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.(P26)
在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。burst out突然迸发；爆发
burst out doing sth.＝burst into＋n. 突然……起来
burst into tears/laughter/cheers＝burst out crying/laughing/cheering 突然大哭/大笑/欢呼起来
burst in/into闯进；突然破门而入
burst with anger/grief/joy勃然大怒/悲痛欲绝/乐不可支
a burst of 一阵……
即时练1
单句语法填空
①Suddenly the door opened and a group of children burst .
②At the news that my dad would be back from London this week, I felt as if my heart would burst joy.
答案：①in ②with
单句写作——句式升级
③听到儿子在地震中丧生的坏消息，这对夫妇突然哭起来。
a．普通表达：
that their son died in the earthquake, . (时间状语从句)
b．高级表达：
that their son died in the earthquake, . (分词短语作状语)
答案：a.When they heard the bad news; the couple burst into tears b．Hearing the bad news; the couple burst out crying
2 injure vt.损害；伤害
Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.(P26)
他们中有三分之二在地震中伤亡。(1)injured adj. 受伤的
the injured 受伤的人(表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数)
(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害
do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人
即时练2
单句语法填空
①Because my left foot (injure) in the football game, I cannot go there with you as planned.
②A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the (injure) to the hospital.
③Don't lift that toolbox—you'll do yourself an (injure)!
答案：①was injured ②injured ③injury
用injure/wound/hurt/harm的正确形式填空
④He claimed that working too hard was his health.
⑤Gunmen killed two people and six others in an attack today.
⑥What he said me deeply.
⑦One of the players his knee and had to be sent to the hospital.
答案：④harming ⑤wounded ⑥hurt ⑦injured
3 shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动
n．休克；打击；震惊
Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked.(P26)
井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们惊呆了。
(1)be in a state of shock 大为震惊；休克
a big/great shock 极大的震惊
be a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击
come as a shock 让某人大吃一惊
(2)shocked adj. 感到惊讶的
be shocked at/by sth. 对……感到震惊
(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
[名师点津] shock意为“令人震惊的人或事”时为可数名词，其前通常与不定冠词a连用。即：抽象名词具体化。
即时练3
单句写作
①听到他辞职的消息，我深感震惊。
I that he had resigned.
②现在，电击训练和药物治疗正帮助挽救这些大鸟。
Now, training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.
③我升职的消息着实让人吃惊。
It came that I was promoted.
④他伤得不重，但惊魂未定/处于休克状态。
He isn't seriously injured but he is .
⑤在那个令人震惊的消息传遍全城之后，人人都深感震惊。
After the news spread throughout the whole city, everyone felt .
答案：①was shocked at the news ②electric shock ③as a shock ④in a state of shock ⑤shocking; shocked
4 judge n. 裁判员；法官
vt. 断定；判断；判决
Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.(P30)
评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们一致认为你的演讲是今年最好的。
(1)judge ... from/by ... 从……来判断……
judge between right and wrong 判断是非
as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为
(2)judging by/from 根据……判断
[名师点津] judging from/by用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。
即时练4
单句语法填空
①Schools tend to (judge) by the performance of their students in exams.
② (judge) from the number of cars, he thought there were not many people at the club yet.
答案：①be judged ②Judging
单句写作
③常言道，我们不能以貌取人。
答案：As the saying goes, “We should never judge a person by/from his looks.”
1
at an end 结束；终结
教材
原句
It seemed as if the world was at an end！(P26)
仿佛到了世界末日！
(1)at the end of 在……尽头/末端(指时间或空间)
in the end 最后；终于
by the end of 到……末为止(常与完成时态连用)
come to an end 结束
be at an end 结束
put/bring an end to sth. 结束某事
make ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出
(2)end up with 以……结束
end up doing sth.以做某事告终
(3)ending n. 结局；结尾
endless adj. 无止境的；连续的
即时练1
单句语法填空
①The meeting was nearly an end when I got to the meeting room.
②It's hard work but if you hang on you will succeed the end.
③ the end of this week, I will have finished most of the work.
④Many families struggled to make (end) meet in economic crisis.
⑤At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up (apologize)．
答案：①at ②in ③By ④ends ⑤apologizing
2
a (great) number of 许多；大量的
教材
原句
Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.(P27)
那么多人丧生是因为地震发生时人们在睡觉。
(1) ＋可数名词复数
(2) ＋不可数名词
(3) ＋
(4)＋单数可数名词＋单数谓语动词
[名师点津] (1)a number of “许多的；大量的”，后面跟可数名词复数形式。number之前可加某些表示数量大小的形容词。a number of加复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
the number of “……的数量”，后面跟可数名词复数形式。the number of 加复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)a great many后修饰可数名词时，通常不加of，但名词前有定冠词the或形容词性物主代词修饰时要加上of。
(3)large quantities of＋pl. n．/[U] n．作主语，谓语动词用复数；a large quantity of＋pl. n. /[U] n．作主语，谓语动词应和名词的数保持一致：复数名词时，动词用复数形式，不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；large amounts of＋[U] n．作主语，谓语动词用复数；a large amount of＋[U] n．作主语，谓语动词用单数。
即时练2
单句语法填空
①Large quantities of information, as well as some timely help, (offer) since the organization was built.
②A great deal of money (donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.
③Large amounts of money (spend) on advertisements every year.
④As you can see, the number of cars on our roads (keep) rising these days.
⑤A large number of people (apply) for the job since then.
⑥Many a famous pop star (ruin) by drugs.
答案：①have been offered ②was donated ③are spent
④keeps ⑤have applied ⑥has been ruined
1
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. (P26)
翻译
农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。
too ... to ... “太……而不能……”，表示否定意义，而在下列情况中表示肯定意义：
(1)only/just/but too ... to ... “非常……去做……”
too前的only/just/but不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了too的肯定语气。
(2)too后面的形容词为表示心情或描绘性形容词的时候，如：happy, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, anxious, eager, kind, good等，表示肯定意义。
(3)too ... to ... 中的too前面有never/can't等时，此结构为双重否定表示肯定。
can't ... too ... /can't ... enough “越……越好；再……也不为过”。
即时练1
单句写作
①正如那句老话：“活到老，学到老”。
Just as an old saying goes：“It is never .”
②他非常高兴地接受了你的邀请。
He is only accept your invitation.
③在开车时，你越小心越好。
You while driving a car.
答案：①too old to learn ②too delighted/happy to ③can't be too careful/can't be careful enough
2
It seemed as if the world was at an end！(P26)
翻译
仿佛到了世界末日！
(1)本句中as if＝as though意为“仿佛；好像”，引导表语从句。常放在be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词之后。
(2)as if还可引导状语从句。
当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生/存在的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：
与现在事实相反
从句谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反
从句谓语动词用had done
与将来事实相反
从句谓语动词用would/could/might/should do
[名师点津] 如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词的某种形式，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
即时练2
单句语法填空
①When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water, it looks as if it (be) broken.
②He behaved as if nothing (happen)．
③She walked here and there on the playground as if (look) for something.
答案：①were ②had happened ③looking
3
All hope was not lost.(P26)
翻译
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
(1)英语中的all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词或副词与否定词not连用时，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。
(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。
[名师点津] both的全部否定为neither; all的全部否定为none; either 与否定词连用表全部否定。
即时练3
单句语法填空
①He had lost his courage and his health in the war and never found of them again.
②I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with .
答案：①either ②everything
把下列部分否定的句子改为全部否定
③Not everything she did pleased him.
④Both of them are not my brothers.
答案：③Nothing she did pleased him. ④Neither of them is my brother.
定语从句(Ⅰ)
在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。
关系词通常有三个作用：(1)连接主从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。
关系代词的基本用法
指代对象
指代人
指代物
使用情况
主语
who, that
which, that
从句中缺少主语或宾语
宾语
whom, that
which, that
定语
whose
whose
先行词与从句主语有所属关系
①A man who/that is perfectly pleased with the present state of things is a failure.
完全满足于现状的人是失败者。
②The building which/that stands near the river is our school.
位于河边的大楼是我们学校。
③That is the book that/which I want to read.
那是我想读的那本书。
④Do you know the man whose name is Wang Bing?
你知道那个叫王冰的人吗？
⑤The building whose windows face south was built last year.
窗户朝南的那座建筑是去年建成的。
关系代词只用that而不用which的情况
1．当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词或先行词被all, every, no, any, little, much等修饰时。
⑥All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做了。
2．当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
⑦This is the most beautiful park that I have visited.
这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。
3．当先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。
⑧Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.
聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。
4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。
⑨She took photographs of the people and things that she was interested in.
她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。
5．当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。
⑩Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁？
6．当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海已不是过去那个样子了。
即时练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
答案：that
2．In China, the number of cities is increasing development is recognised across the world.
答案：whose
3．Do you have anything you want to say at the meeting?
答案：that
4．The books on the shelf, covers are beautiful, are bought by my father.
答案：whose
5．After then Mary, we had been talking about earlier, walked in.
答案：whom
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．My father and Mr Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.
答案：who→that
2．The room which window faces south is mine.
答案：which→whose
3．I have read all the books which I borrowed from the library.
答案：which→that
4．This is one of the most exciting football games which I have ever seen.
答案：which→that
5．The house is built on soft land is easy to fall down.
答案：house后加that/which或去掉第一个is
基础达标演练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, tired to move.
答案：too
2．When a fire broke out at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings (destroy)．
答案：were destroyed
3．If it hadn't been for your timely help, we (trap) in a dilemma now.
答案：would be trapped
4．On seeing the former champion of the Olympics appears on the stage, the audience burst out (cheer)．
答案：cheering
5．Twofifths of the students in our class (be) fond of pop music.
答案：are
6．The factory, is reported in the local newspapers, will insist on reforming the present system which has slowed its development.
答案：as
7．I received his mother's phone call at ten. Only then did I know that he was badly (injure) in an accident the day before yesterday.
答案：injured
8．A large number of soldiers were sent there (rescue) those trapped in the building.
答案：to rescue
9．Thank you for your letter conveying (congratulate) on my appointment.
答案：congratulations
10．As a matter of fact, it was an (extreme) difficult and dangerous task.
答案：extremely
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The lake is calm and clear, and one of the things that is reflected in the water is the famous tower.
答案：第二个is→are
2．To our relief, up to now the injured in the crash has been rushed to the nearby hospital.
答案：has→have
3．She is always talking as though she knows everything under the sun.
答案：knows→knew
4．He has three daughters, all of who went abroad for further study.
答案：who→whom
5．As China develops fast and steadily, a number of foreigners is learning Chinese as a second language.
答案：is→are
Ⅲ.教材微写作
A．根据提示完成句子
1．一天夜里，一切都开始摇晃起来。(shake)
答案：One night, everything began to shake.
2．水管爆裂，电力中断。(burst; cut off)
答案：The pipes burst and the electricity was cut off.
3．世界似乎到了末日。(It seemed as if ...; be at an end)
答案：It seemed as if the world was at an end.
4．有些人受伤，有些人埋在废墟下，还有些人失踪。(injure; bury)
答案：Some people were injured, some buried in the ruins and some missing.
5．从那时的情况判断，还有些被困群众等待着救援。(judge from; trap; rescue)
答案：Judging from the situation, there were a number of trapped people waiting for the rescue.
6．并不是没有了希望。(all ... not ...)
答案：But all hope was not lost.
7．很快士兵被派遣到那里营救他们，用飞机、火车和卡车向市内运来了食品和饮用水；全城又恢复了生机。(rescue; breathe again)
答案：Soldiers were sent to rescue them right away. Food and fresh water were taken to the city by plane, train and truck. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范
答案：One night, everything began to shake, with the pipes burst and the electricity cut off. It seemed as if the world was at an end. Some people were injured, some buried in the ruins and some missing. Judging from the situation, there were a number of trapped people waiting for the rescue. But all hope was not lost, because soldiers were sent to rescue them right away. Food and fresh water were taken to the city by plane, train and truck. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
Unit 4 Earthquakes
基础自主检测
阅读识记
Ⅰ.英译汉
1.earthquake n. 地震
2.event n. 事件；大事
3.canal n. 运河；沟渠
4.shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽体；避身处
5.reporter n. 记者
6.outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓
Ⅱ.汉译英
1.well n. 井
2.pipe n. 管；导管
3.steam n. 蒸汽；水汽
4.track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹
5.express vt. 表示；表达 n. 快车；速递
6.headline n. 报刊的大字标题
高频应用
1.burst vi. 爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发
2.ruin n. 废墟；毁灭 vt. 毁灭；使破产
3.rescue n．& vt. 援救；营救
4.trap vt. 使陷入困境 n. 陷阱；困境
5.disaster n. 灾难；灾祸
6.bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
7.damage n．& vt. 损失；损害
8.sincerely adv. 真诚地；真挚地
拓展变形
1.nation (n.) 民族；国家；国民→national (adj.) 国家的；民族的
2.dirt (n.) 污垢；泥土→dirty (adj.) 脏的，肮脏的
3.suffering (n.) 苦难；痛苦→suffer (vt.& vi.) 遭受；忍受→sufferer (n.) 患者；受害者
4.extreme (adj.) 极度的→extremely (adv.) 极度地
5.injure (vt.) 损害；伤害→injury (n.) 伤害；损害→injured (adj.) 受伤的
6.survivor (n.) 幸存者；生还者；残存物→survive (vt.& vi.) 幸存；存活下来→survival (n.) 生存；存活；幸存
7.destroy (vt.) 破坏；毁坏；消灭→destruction (n.) 破坏；摧毁
8.useless (adj.) 无用的；无效的；无益的→useful (adj.) 有用的
9.shock (vt.& vi.)(使)震惊；震动 (n.) 休克；打击；震惊→shocking (adj.) 令人震惊的→shocked (adj.) 震惊的
10.electricity (n.) 电；电流；电学→electric (adj.) 用电的；带电的→electrical (adj.) 与电有关的；电学的
11.mine (n.) 矿；矿山；矿井→miner (n.) 矿工
12.frighten (vt.) 使惊吓；吓唬→frightened (adj.) 受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening (adj.) 令人恐惧的
13.congratulation (n.) 祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate (vt.) 祝贺
14.judge (n.) 裁判员；法官 (vt.) 断定；判断；判决→judgement (n.) 意见；判断力；审判
1.“adj.＋ity＝n.”荟萃
①electricity 电；电流；电学
②popularity 受欢迎；流行
③reality 现实
④similarity 相似点
⑤security 安全
⑥equality 平等
⑦majority 大多数
2.“ing/ed”结尾的形容词聚会
①
②
③
④
⑤
3.“自然灾害”相关单词一览
①disaster n. 灾难；不幸
②earthquake n. 地震
③drought n. 旱灾；干旱
④eruption n. (火山)喷发
⑤hurricane n. 飓风
⑥tsunami n. 海啸
一 动词＋介/副词
1.think little/nothing of 以为……没什么了不起
2.dig out 掘出；挖掉
二 be＋过去分词＋介词
3.be trapped in 陷入；被困住
三 介词＋名词
4.at an end 结束；终结
5.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
四 其他
6.right away 立刻；马上
7.as if 好像；仿佛
8.a (great) number of 许多；大量的
9.be proud of 以……而自豪
1.“think＋副词＋of”短语荟萃
①think little of 认为……没什么了不起
②think highly of 重视；看得起
③think well of 重视
④think poorly of 轻视
⑤think badly of 认为……不好
2.“be＋过去分词＋介词”结构短语小结
①be trapped in 陷入困境；被困在
②be occupied with 忙于；从事于
③be absorbed in 专心于
④be engaged in 从事于；忙于
⑤be devoted to 献身于
⑥be buried in 沉思；埋头于
1.too ... to ... “太……而不能……”
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat (紧张得不想吃食)．(教材P26)
2.looking for ... 是现在分词短语作伴随状语
Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide (找地方藏身)．(教材P26)
3.It seems/seemed as if ... “看起来好像……”
It seemed as if (看起来好像) the world was at an end！(教材P26)
4.leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents (成了孤儿)．(教材P26)
5.everywhere用作连词，引导让步状语从句
Everywhere they looked (人们无论朝哪看) nearly everything was destroyed.(教材P26)
6.all ... not表示部分否定
All hope was not (并不是所有的希望) lost.(教材P26)
单句语法填空
1.It was felt in Beijing, is more than two hundred kilometres away.
答案：which
2.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city (lie) in ruins.
答案：lay
3. number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.
答案：The
4.The army organized teams to dig out those who (trap) and to bury the dead.
答案：were trapped
5.Workers built shelters for survivors homes had been destroyed.
答案：whose
6. (slow), the city began to breathe again.
答案：Slowly
7.This (frighten) boy whose mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now.
答案：frightened
8. (congratulate)! We are pleased (tell) you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.
答案：Congratulations; to tell
9.Your speech was heard by a group of five (judge), all of agreed that it was the best one this year.
答案：judges; whom
10. you know, this is the day the quake happened thirtyfive years ago.
答案：As
考点步步冲关
1 burst vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发
n．突然破裂；爆发
In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.(P26)
在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。burst out突然迸发；爆发
burst out doing sth.＝burst into＋n. 突然……起来
burst into tears/laughter/cheers＝burst out crying/laughing/cheering 突然大哭/大笑/欢呼起来
burst in/into闯进；突然破门而入
burst with anger/grief/joy勃然大怒/悲痛欲绝/乐不可支
a burst of 一阵……
即时练1
单句语法填空
①Suddenly the door opened and a group of children burst .
②At the news that my dad would be back from London this week, I felt as if my heart would burst joy.
答案：①in ②with
单句写作——句式升级
③听到儿子在地震中丧生的坏消息，这对夫妇突然哭起来。
a．普通表达：
that their son died in the earthquake, . (时间状语从句)
b．高级表达：
that their son died in the earthquake, . (分词短语作状语)
答案：a.When they heard the bad news; the couple burst into tears b．Hearing the bad news; the couple burst out crying
2 injure vt.损害；伤害
Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.(P26)
他们中有三分之二在地震中伤亡。(1)injured adj. 受伤的
the injured 受伤的人(表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数)
(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害
do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人
即时练2
单句语法填空
①Because my left foot (injure) in the football game, I cannot go there with you as planned.
②A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the (injure) to the hospital.
③Don't lift that toolbox—you'll do yourself an (injure)!
答案：①was injured ②injured ③injury
用injure/wound/hurt/harm的正确形式填空
④He claimed that working too hard was his health.
⑤Gunmen killed two people and six others in an attack today.
⑥What he said me deeply.
⑦One of the players his knee and had to be sent to the hospital.
答案：④harming ⑤wounded ⑥hurt ⑦injured
3 shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动
n．休克；打击；震惊
Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked.(P26)
井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们惊呆了。
(1)be in a state of shock 大为震惊；休克
a big/great shock 极大的震惊
be a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击
come as a shock 让某人大吃一惊
(2)shocked adj. 感到惊讶的
be shocked at/by sth. 对……感到震惊
(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
[名师点津] shock意为“令人震惊的人或事”时为可数名词，其前通常与不定冠词a连用。即：抽象名词具体化。
即时练3
单句写作
①听到他辞职的消息，我深感震惊。
I that he had resigned.
②现在，电击训练和药物治疗正帮助挽救这些大鸟。
Now, training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.
③我升职的消息着实让人吃惊。
It came that I was promoted.
④他伤得不重，但惊魂未定/处于休克状态。
He isn't seriously injured but he is .
⑤在那个令人震惊的消息传遍全城之后，人人都深感震惊。
After the news spread throughout the whole city, everyone felt .
答案：①was shocked at the news ②electric shock ③as a shock ④in a state of shock ⑤shocking; shocked
4 judge n. 裁判员；法官
vt. 断定；判断；判决
Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.(P30)
评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们一致认为你的演讲是今年最好的。
(1)judge ... from/by ... 从……来判断……
judge between right and wrong 判断是非
as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为
(2)judging by/from 根据……判断
[名师点津] judging from/by用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。
即时练4
单句语法填空
①Schools tend to (judge) by the performance of their students in exams.
② (judge) from the number of cars, he thought there were not many people at the club yet.
答案：①be judged ②Judging
单句写作
③常言道，我们不能以貌取人。
答案：As the saying goes, “We should never judge a person by/from his looks.”
1
at an end 结束；终结
教材
原句
It seemed as if the world was at an end！(P26)
仿佛到了世界末日！
(1)at the end of 在……尽头/末端(指时间或空间)
in the end 最后；终于
by the end of 到……末为止(常与完成时态连用)
come to an end 结束
be at an end 结束
put/bring an end to sth. 结束某事
make ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出
(2)end up with 以……结束
end up doing sth.以做某事告终
(3)ending n. 结局；结尾
endless adj. 无止境的；连续的
即时练1
单句语法填空
①The meeting was nearly an end when I got to the meeting room.
②It's hard work but if you hang on you will succeed the end.
③ the end of this week, I will have finished most of the work.
④Many families struggled to make (end) meet in economic crisis.
⑤At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up (apologize)．
答案：①at ②in ③By ④ends ⑤apologizing
2
a (great) number of 许多；大量的
教材
原句
Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.(P27)
那么多人丧生是因为地震发生时人们在睡觉。
(1) ＋可数名词复数
(2) ＋不可数名词
(3) ＋
(4)＋单数可数名词＋单数谓语动词
[名师点津] (1)a number of “许多的；大量的”，后面跟可数名词复数形式。number之前可加某些表示数量大小的形容词。a number of加复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
the number of “……的数量”，后面跟可数名词复数形式。the number of 加复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)a great many后修饰可数名词时，通常不加of，但名词前有定冠词the或形容词性物主代词修饰时要加上of。
(3)large quantities of＋pl. n．/[U] n．作主语，谓语动词用复数；a large quantity of＋pl. n. /[U] n．作主语，谓语动词应和名词的数保持一致：复数名词时，动词用复数形式，不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；large amounts of＋[U] n．作主语，谓语动词用复数；a large amount of＋[U] n．作主语，谓语动词用单数。
即时练2
单句语法填空
①Large quantities of information, as well as some timely help, (offer) since the organization was built.
②A great deal of money (donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.
③Large amounts of money (spend) on advertisements every year.
④As you can see, the number of cars on our roads (keep) rising these days.
⑤A large number of people (apply) for the job since then.
⑥Many a famous pop star (ruin) by drugs.
答案：①have been offered ②was donated ③are spent
④keeps ⑤have applied ⑥has been ruined
1
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. (P26)
翻译
农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。
too ... to ... “太……而不能……”，表示否定意义，而在下列情况中表示肯定意义：
(1)only/just/but too ... to ... “非常……去做……”
too前的only/just/but不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了too的肯定语气。
(2)too后面的形容词为表示心情或描绘性形容词的时候，如：happy, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, anxious, eager, kind, good等，表示肯定意义。
(3)too ... to ... 中的too前面有never/can't等时，此结构为双重否定表示肯定。
can't ... too ... /can't ... enough “越……越好；再……也不为过”。
即时练1
单句写作
①正如那句老话：“活到老，学到老”。
Just as an old saying goes：“It is never .”
②他非常高兴地接受了你的邀请。
He is only accept your invitation.
③在开车时，你越小心越好。
You while driving a car.
答案：①too old to learn ②too delighted/happy to ③can't be too careful/can't be careful enough
2
It seemed as if the world was at an end！(P26)
翻译
仿佛到了世界末日！
(1)本句中as if＝as though意为“仿佛；好像”，引导表语从句。常放在be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词之后。
(2)as if还可引导状语从句。
当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生/存在的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：
与现在事实相反
从句谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反
从句谓语动词用had done
与将来事实相反
从句谓语动词用would/could/might/should do
[名师点津] 如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词的某种形式，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
即时练2
单句语法填空
①When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water, it looks as if it (be) broken.
②He behaved as if nothing (happen)．
③She walked here and there on the playground as if (look) for something.
答案：①were ②had happened ③looking
3
All hope was not lost.(P26)
翻译
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
(1)英语中的all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词或副词与否定词not连用时，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。
(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。
[名师点津] both的全部否定为neither; all的全部否定为none; either 与否定词连用表全部否定。
即时练3
单句语法填空
①He had lost his courage and his health in the war and never found of them again.
②I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with .
答案：①either ②everything
把下列部分否定的句子改为全部否定
③Not everything she did pleased him.
④Both of them are not my brothers.
答案：③Nothing she did pleased him. ④Neither of them is my brother.
定语从句(Ⅰ)
在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。
关系词通常有三个作用：(1)连接主从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。
关系代词的基本用法
指代对象
指代人
指代物
使用情况
主语
who, that
which, that
从句中缺少主语或宾语
宾语
whom, that
which, that
定语
whose
whose
先行词与从句主语有所属关系
①A man who/that is perfectly pleased with the present state of things is a failure.
完全满足于现状的人是失败者。
②The building which/that stands near the river is our school.
位于河边的大楼是我们学校。
③That is the book that/which I want to read.
那是我想读的那本书。
④Do you know the man whose name is Wang Bing?
你知道那个叫王冰的人吗？
⑤The building whose windows face south was built last year.
窗户朝南的那座建筑是去年建成的。
关系代词只用that而不用which的情况
1．当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词或先行词被all, every, no, any, little, much等修饰时。
⑥All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做了。
2．当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
⑦This is the most beautiful park that I have visited.
这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。
3．当先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。
⑧Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.
聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。
4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。
⑨She took photographs of the people and things that she was interested in.
她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。
5．当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。
⑩Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁？
6．当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海已不是过去那个样子了。
即时练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
答案：that
2．In China, the number of cities is increasing development is recognised across the world.
答案：whose
3．Do you have anything you want to say at the meeting?
答案：that
4．The books on the shelf, covers are beautiful, are bought by my father.
答案：whose
5．After then Mary, we had been talking about earlier, walked in.
答案：whom
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．My father and Mr Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.
答案：who→that
2．The room which window faces south is mine.
答案：which→whose
3．I have read all the books which I borrowed from the library.
答案：which→that
4．This is one of the most exciting football games which I have ever seen.
答案：which→that
5．The house is built on soft land is easy to fall down.
答案：house后加that/which或去掉第一个is
基础达标演练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, tired to move.
答案：too
2．When a fire broke out at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings (destroy)．
答案：were destroyed
3．If it hadn't been for your timely help, we (trap) in a dilemma now.
答案：would be trapped
4．On seeing the former champion of the Olympics appears on the stage, the audience burst out (cheer)．
答案：cheering
5．Twofifths of the students in our class (be) fond of pop music.
答案：are
6．The factory, is reported in the local newspapers, will insist on reforming the present system which has slowed its development.
答案：as
7．I received his mother's phone call at ten. Only then did I know that he was badly (injure) in an accident the day before yesterday.
答案：injured
8．A large number of soldiers were sent there (rescue) those trapped in the building.
答案：to rescue
9．Thank you for your letter conveying (congratulate) on my appointment.
答案：congratulations
10．As a matter of fact, it was an (extreme) difficult and dangerous task.
答案：extremely
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The lake is calm and clear, and one of the things that is reflected in the water is the famous tower.
答案：第二个is→are
2．To our relief, up to now the injured in the crash has been rushed to the nearby hospital.
答案：has→have
3．She is always talking as though she knows everything under the sun.
答案：knows→knew
4．He has three daughters, all of who went abroad for further study.
答案：who→whom
5．As China develops fast and steadily, a number of foreigners is learning Chinese as a second language.
答案：is→are
Ⅲ.教材微写作
A．根据提示完成句子
1．一天夜里，一切都开始摇晃起来。(shake)
答案：One night, everything began to shake.
2．水管爆裂，电力中断。(burst; cut off)
答案：The pipes burst and the electricity was cut off.
3．世界似乎到了末日。(It seemed as if ...; be at an end)
答案：It seemed as if the world was at an end.
4．有些人受伤，有些人埋在废墟下，还有些人失踪。(injure; bury)
答案：Some people were injured, some buried in the ruins and some missing.
5．从那时的情况判断，还有些被困群众等待着救援。(judge from; trap; rescue)
答案：Judging from the situation, there were a number of trapped people waiting for the rescue.
6．并不是没有了希望。(all ... not ...)
答案：But all hope was not lost.
7．很快士兵被派遣到那里营救他们，用飞机、火车和卡车向市内运来了食品和饮用水；全城又恢复了生机。(rescue; breathe again)
答案：Soldiers were sent to rescue them right away. Food and fresh water were taken to the city by plane, train and truck. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范
答案：One night, everything began to shake, with the pipes burst and the electricity cut off. It seemed as if the world was at an end. Some people were injured, some buried in the ruins and some missing. Judging from the situation, there were a number of trapped people waiting for the rescue. But all hope was not lost, because soldiers were sent to rescue them right away. Food and fresh water were taken to the city by plane, train and truck. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
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