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2021高三统考人教英语一轮（经典版）学案：第一部分Book7Unit3Underthesea
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Unit 3 Under the sea
基础自主检测
阅读识记
Ⅰ.英译汉
1.anecdote n. 轶事；奇闻
2.yell vi. 大叫；呼喊
n. 叫声；喊声
3.teamwork n. 协作；配合
4.shark n. 鲨鱼
5.dimension n. 维(数)；方面；侧面
6.shallow adj. 浅的；肤浅的；浅显的
7.boundary n. 界限；分界线
8.pension n. 养老金；退休金
Ⅱ.汉译英
1.dive vi.& n. 跳水(的动作)；潜水(的动作)；俯冲
2.jog vi. 慢跑 vt. 轻推；轻撞
3.tide n. 潮(汐)；潮水；潮流
4.seaweed n. 海草；海藻
5.flashlight n. 闪光信号灯；手电筒；闪光灯
6.suck vt.& vi. 吮吸
7.steep adj. 陡峭的
8.Antarctic adj. 南极的
9.seal n. 海豹；封条；印章
高频应用
1.witness vt. 当场见到；目击 n. 目击者；证人；证据
2.opposite prep. 在……对面 adj. 相对的；相反的
3.pause vi.& n. 暂停；中止 4.flee vi. 逃避；逃跑 vt. 逃离
5.drag vt. 拖；拉；扯 6.lip n. 一片嘴唇；(容器或洞的)边，口
7.net n. 网；网状物；网络 8.target n. 目标；靶；受批评的对象
9.pure adj. 纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的 10.cell n. 细胞；(蜂房的)巢室
11.vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的
12.neat adj. 〈口〉好的；整齐的；匀称的
13.grey adj.& n. 灰色(的) 14.awesome adj. 使人敬畏的；令人畏惧的
拓展变形
1.annual (adj.) 每年的；按年度计算的 (n.) 年刊；年鉴→annually (adv.) 每年地；年度地→anniversary (n.) 周年纪念日
2.accommodation (n.) 住所；住宿→accommodate (vt.) 提供住宿
3.depth (n.) 深(度)；深处→deep (adj.) 深的→deepen (v.) 加深
4.urge (vt.) 催促；极力主张；驱策 (n.) 强烈的欲望；冲动→urgent (adj.) 急迫的；催促的→urgency (n.) 紧急；迫切
5.abandon (vt.) 放弃；遗弃；抛弃→abandoned (adj.) 被遗弃的；放纵的
6.relationship (n.) 关系；血缘关系；交往→relation (n.) 关系；联系；交往；亲戚(关系)；亲属(关系)→relate (vt.) 把……联系起来；讲述 (vi.) 有联系→relative (adj.) 与……有关的；相比较的 (n.) 亲属；亲戚
7.conservation (n.) 保存；保护→conserve (vt.) 保存；保护
8.reflect (vi.) 思考 (vt.) 映射；反射；思考→reflection (n.) 反射；反映
9.aware (adj.) 意识到的；知道的→unaware (反义词) (adj.) 没有意识到的；不知道的→awareness (n.) 意识；觉悟
10.narrow (adj.) 狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的→narrowly (adv.) 仅仅；勉强地
11.sharp (adj.) 锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的→sharpen (vt. & vi.) (使)变锋利；削尖；磨快→sharpener (n.) 削刀；磨床；磨器；磨具
12.tasty (adj.) 好吃的；可口的→taste (v.) 品尝；有……的味道 (n.) 味道；喜好→tasteless (反义词) (adj.) 无味的；不可口的
13.scare (vt.) 恐吓 (vi.) 受惊吓→scared (adj.) 恐惧的；害怕的→scary (adj.) 恐怖的；可怕的
1.以“rrow”结尾的词一览
①narrow adj. 狭窄的
②arrow n. 箭头
③borrow v. 借
④sorrow n. 悲伤
⑤sparrow n. 麻雀
2.含后缀th的名词荟萃
①depth 深度
②width 宽度
③length 长度
④truth 真理
⑤growth 成长
一 动词＋介/副词
1.sort out 整理；分类；收拾
2.aim at 瞄准
3.hold up 阻挡；举起；耽搁
4.help (...) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
二 be＋形容词＋介词
5.be terrified of 对……感到惊恐
6.be/become aware of 知道；明白；意识到
7.(be) scared to death 吓死了
三 其他
8.ahead of (表示空间)在……前面；(表示时间)先，预先
9.in the meantime 在此期间；与此同时
10.upside down 上下翻转
1.“v.＋at”动词短语荟萃
①aim at 瞄准
②point at 指向
③arrive at 到达
④laugh at 嘲笑
⑤knock at 敲(门、窗等)
2.“动词＋out”短语专辑
①help (...) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境
②work out 解决；算出；锻炼
③figure out 解决；算出
④find out 查明；弄清楚
⑤try out 试用；试验
______________________________________________________________
1.a time＋when引导的定语从句
It_was_a_time_when (那是一个……时期)the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.(教材P19)
2.be about to＋动词原形，表示即将发生的事情
This was the call that announced there_was_about_to_be (即将有) a whale hunt.(教材P20)
3.v.ing的被动式作宾语补足语
As we drew closer, I could see a whale being_attacked (正在被袭击) by a pack of about six other killers.(教材P20)
4.with的复合结构作状语
I'm sitting in the warm night air with_a_cold_drink_in_my_hand (手持一杯冷饮) and reflecting on the day—a day of pure magic！(教材P24)
5.动名词的复合结构作宾语
The fish didn't seem to mind_me_swimming_among_them (介意我在它们中间游动)．(教材P24)
6.“where ..., there be ...”意为“在……的地方，有……”，where 引导地点状语从句
The water was quite shallow but where_the_reef_ended (在珊瑚礁到了尽头的地方)，there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.(教材P24)
单句语法填空
1.We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us ________ (throw) itself out of the water and then crashing down again.
答案：throwing
2.I looked down into the water and could see Old Tom swimming by the boat, ________ (show) us the way.
答案：showing
3.From Jame's face, I could see he was terrified of ______ (abandon) by us.
答案：being abandoned
4.It took over half an hour (get) the boat back to James.
答案：to get
5.And then Old Tom was off and back to the hunt ______ the other killers were still attacking the whale.
答案：where
6.________ (see) such extraordinary beauty, I think every cell in my body woke up.
答案：Seeing
7.The first thing I became aware ________ was all the vivid colours surrounding me.
答案：of
8.A large wiselooking turtle was passing so close to me ________ I could have touched it.
答案：that
9.Then there were two grey reef sharks, each about one and a half metres long, ________ suddenly appeared from behind some coral.
答案：which
10.I told myself they weren't dangerous but that didn't stop me ________ (feel) scared to death for a moment！
答案：feeling
考点步步冲关
1 witness vt.当场见到；目击
n．目击者；证人；证据
I thought, at the time, that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.(P20)
当时我以为这只是个故事，但是后来我却多次亲眼目睹了这样的事情。(1)be (a) witness to sth.看见某事发生/证明……真实
bear/give witness to sth.为……作证；证明
(2)witness to (doing) sth.作证，证明(做)某事
[名师点津] 英语中常用表示时间、地点等的名词作主语，而常用形容人的感官动词see, witness等作谓语进行拟人修辞，意为“是发生……的地点(或时间、组织等)”。另外，注意witness to中的to是介词。
即时练1
单句语法填空
①The girl witnessed ________ (see) the man burst into the bank on a dark night last week.
②The past ten years ________ (witness) a boom in economy in my hometown.
③Our city ________ (witness) four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold.
答案：①to having seen ②has witnessed ③witnesses
单句写作——句式升级
④当他从公园走出来时，这位老人碰巧目睹了这起交通事故。
a．普通表达：
When he walked out of the park, the old man ________________ the road accident.
b．高级表达：
__________________________， the old man ________ the road accident. (分词作状语)
答案：a.happened to see b．Walking out of the park; witnessed
2 urge vt.催促；极力主张
n．强烈的欲望；冲动
“Man overboard! Turn the boat around！” urged George, shouting loudly. (P20)
乔治催促着，大声喊道：“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”(1)urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge that ... (should) do sth. 极力主张；强调……
(2)have an urge to do sth. 有做某事的欲望
(3)urgent adj. 紧迫的；迫切的
(4)urgency n. 紧急；迫切
即时练2
单句语法填空
①She invited me to dinner, but I declined on account of ________ (urge) business.
②After she saw the film, there was an urge ________ (cry) because she was touched by their brave deeds.
③They urged that the library ________ (keep) open during the vacation.
④I got a note from Moira urging me ________ (get) in touch.
答案：①urgent ②to cry ③be kept ④to get
一句多译
我们力劝她同我们一起来参加聚会，但她坚持说她太累了。
⑤____________________ with us, but she protested that she was too tired. (urge sb. to do sth.)
⑥____________________ with us, but she protested that she was too tired. (urge that ...)
答案：⑤We urged her to come to the party ⑥We urged that she (should) come to the party
3 abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃
From James's face, I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. (P21)
从詹姆斯的脸上我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。(1)abandon one's hope/plan/idea 放弃希望/计划/主意
abandon oneself to ... 沉湎于……；纵情于……(to为介词)
(2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地；尽情地
(3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；无约束的；无度的；放纵的
即时练3
单句语法填空
①The fans cheered ________ abandon when their football team won.
②After her mother died, she abandoned herself ________ grief.
③The old paper mill ________ (abandon) to make way for a new shopping centre a few years ago.
④The police found the lost treasure in an ____________ (abandon) well.
答案：①with ②to ③was abandoned ④abandoned
一句多译
他沉迷于网络游戏，没有通过考试。
⑤He ________________ and didn't pass the exam.
⑥________________， he didn't pass the exam.
答案：⑤abandoned himself to the Internet games ⑥Abandoning himself to the Internet games
4 reflect vi.思考 vt.映射；反射；思考
I'm sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day—a day of pure magic！(P24)
我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这是神奇的一天！(1)be reflected in 被反映在……；被映照在……中
reflect on/upon sth. 仔细考虑/思考某事
reflect that ... 思考……
(2)reflection n. 反射；反映；沉思；倒影；影像
be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中
a reflection of ……的反映
即时练4
单句语法填空
①As well as a day of celebration, a birthday is also a time for reflecting ________ your life and reviewing your life.
②The cat felt curious when she saw her own ________ (reflect) in the mirror.
③When the sun's rays hit the earth, a lot of heat ________ (reflect) back into space.
④With the white walls ________ (reflect) the light, the room looks warm and bright.
答案：①on/upon ②reflection ③is reflected ④reflecting
1
help ( ... ) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
教材
原句
What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out？(P21)
有什么证据表明老汤姆在帮助捕鲸者摆脱险境吗？
(1)help sb. with/(to) do sth. 帮助某人(做)某事
can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
can't help but do sth. 只得做某事；不得不做某事
help oneself (to sth.) 随便自己动手(夹菜吃、用……等)
(2)with the help of sb.＝with sb.'s help在某人的帮助下
即时练1
单句语法填空
①I have been busy with my study and seldom help my parents ________ the housework.
②We think this is the opportunity for us youth to do a contribution to helping the victims ________.
③When thinking of the wonderful days I spent in New Orleans, I just can't help ________ (think) of you.
④Faced with so much trouble, I can't help but __________ (turn) to my parents for help.
答案：①with ②out ③thinking ④turn
单句改错
⑤With help of the teacher, he has made great progress in his English.
________________________________________________
答案：With后加the
2
be/become aware of 意识到
教材
原句
The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding me—purples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens.(P24)
我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩——紫色、红色、橘黄、明黄、蓝色和绿色等。
(1)be aware that ... 知道；体会到……
make sb. aware of/that ... 使某人注意到……；提醒某人注意……
as far as I'm aware 据我所知
(2)awareness n. 意识；认识；察觉
develop an awareness of ... 培养……的意识
raise awareness 提高认识
即时练2
单句语法填空
①Learning English not only increases my __________ (aware) of foreign cultures but also helps me to communicate with Englishspeaking people and to make more new friends.
②In my opinion, it's very important to develop __________ awareness of health now.
③As a member of society, I'm aware __________ being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
答案：①awareness ②an ③that
单句改错
④Some activities should be carried out to make people aware the importance of donating blood.
________________________________________________
答案：aware后加of
1
As we drew closer, I could see a whale being_attacked by a pack of about six other killers.(P20)
翻译
当我们靠近时，我能看到一条鲸鱼正受到约六、七条虎鲸的攻击。
as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候；随着”，表示从句的动作与主句动作同时发生或伴随进行。being attacked作宾语补足语，表示动作正在被进行。“see＋宾语＋being done”意为“看到……正被……”。
[名师点津] being done是doing的被动形式，用作现在分词时，表示被动和正在进行的动作，常作定语和补语；用作动名词时，只表示被动而不表示进行的动作，常作宾语和主语。
即时练1
单句写作
①在家听音乐是一回事，而现场听音乐又是另一回事了。
Listening to music at home is one thing; going to hear it ____________________ live is quite another.
②通常，在开始上课时，在街上都能听到打开和关上书桌的声音。
Usually at the beginning of school, the noise of desks ____________________ could be heard out in the street.
③我可以不受外界干扰做任何我想做的事。
I could do whatever I wanted to do without ____________________ by the outside world.
④由几位专家正在进行的研究表明海湾石油泄漏已对周围环境造成了致命损害。
Research ____________________ out by several experts suggests that the oil spill in the Gulf has caused the fatal damage to the environment.
⑤出名所付出的代价是不管你走到哪里，都会被人认出来。
__________________ wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous.
答案：①being performed ②being opened and closed ③being interrupted ④being carried ⑤Being recognized
2
The water was quite shallow but where_ the reef ended, there_was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.(P24)
翻译
水很浅，但是到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。
“where ..., there be ...”意为“在……的地方，有……”。where引导地点状语从句，相当于in/at the place where ... (此时where引导定语从句)，另外wherever “在任何地方；无论何处”也可引导地点状语从句。
即时练2
单句语法填空
①Schools should be lively places ________ individuals are encouraged to develop to their greatest potential.
②________ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
③After the war, a new school building was put up __________ there had been a theatre.
答案：①where ②Where ③where
单句写作
④常言道，有志者，事竟成。
As the saying goes, ________________________.
⑤众所周知，熊猫生活在有大量竹子的地方。
It is well known that the panda lives ________________ plenty of bamboo.
⑥作为年轻人，我们应该学会在我们跌倒的地方站起来。
As young men, we should learn to stand up ________________.
⑦就我个人而言，你愿意去哪里就去哪里。
As far as I'm concerned, you are free to go ________________.
答案：④where there is a will, there is a way ⑤where there is ⑥where we fell ⑦wherever you like
动词ing 形式的被动式
当动词ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，要用其被动形式，即being done，它表示一个正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生的被动动作。与其主动形式一样，它在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语、补语、状语。
1．作主语
being done用于句首作主语，表示一个被动的动作。
①Being exposed to sunshine for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
在阳光下暴露太久对皮肤有害。
2．作宾语
being done 可以用于动词或介词后作宾语，表示一个被动的动作。
②The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without being recognized.
这个影星戴着墨镜，所以他能在购物时不被认出来。
3．作定语
being done 作定语，只能置于被修饰的名词后，表示一个正在进行的被动动作。
③The problem being discussed now is very important.
现在正在被讨论的这个问题非常重要。
4．作补足语
being done 可以用在某些动词(see, hear, watch, feel, notice, find, keep ...)后作宾语补足语，表示一个正在进行的被动动作。
④You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere now.
你将发现这个话题现在到处被讨论。
5．作状语
being done用作状语，是一个比较重要的用法，主要用于句首表示原因，有时也表示其他关系(如时间等)。
⑤Being repaired, the road is blocked now.
因为这条路正在被修建，所以被堵上了。
being done的完成式为“having been done”，说明它所表示的动作在谓语动作之前发生，通常在句中作宾语和状语。
⑥Having been taught many times, the boy still couldn't finish those tasks independently.
已经被教了许多次，这个男孩仍然不能独立完成这些任务。
being done的否定形式为“not being done”；其完成式的否定形式为“not having been done”。
⑦He was unhappy for not being invited to the party.
对于没有被邀请去参加宴会，他感到不高兴。
即时练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．After only six months of ________ (care) for by a 25－year－old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions.
答案：being cared
2．As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than ________ (praise) by my teacher before my classmates.
答案：being praised
3．The lecture ________ (give), a lively questionandanswer session followed.
答案：having been given
4．—What do you know made Susan so upset?
—________ (charge) with giving away state secrets.
答案：Being charged
5．The building ________ (build) now will be used as our reading room.
答案：being built
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．George returned after the war, only to being told that his wife had left him.
________________________________________________
答案：being→be
2．The witnesses being questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
________________________________________________
答案：去掉being
3．When being asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
________________________________________________
答案：去掉being
4．He doesn't remember having ever given a chance to go abroad.
________________________________________________
答案：given前加been
5．I heard an English song be sung by the little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.
________________________________________________
答案：be→being
基础达标演练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I often have a hard time ________ (drag) myself from my bed or even rolling over to write everything I have dreamt about in my notebook.
答案：dragging
2．On Monday mornings it usually ________ (take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.
答案：takes
3．There was a time ________ I lived on the farm happily.
答案：when
4．Abandoning himself to ________ (play) computer games, Wang Ping has fallen behind the other students in his studies.
答案：playing
5．We felt at home with her and were impressed with the ________ (deep) of her knowledge.
答案：depth
6．The committee urged that a sound and safe rural financial system ________ (set) up to boost the rural economy.
答案：(should) be set
7．After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide ________ (accommodate) for the homeless families.
答案：accommodation(s)
8．With economy developing at great speed, our city ________ (witness) quite a few changes in recent years.
答案：has witnessed
9．A lack of ________ (aware) of cultural difference can cause problems.
答案：awareness
10．The performer was waving his stick in the street, and it ________ (narrow) missed the child standing nearby.
答案：narrowly
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He said that the manager had already been aware the problem.
________________________________________________
答案：aware后加of
2．The broken bike was found abandoning by the riverside that day.
________________________________________________
答案：abandoning→abandoned
3．When I bought the house, my sister helped me of with a loan.
________________________________________________
答案：of→out
4．He was scared to die hearing the news.
________________________________________________
答案：die→death
5．Having warned about typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.
________________________________________________
答案：warned前加been
Ⅲ.教材微写作
A．根据提示完成句子
1．Smart是我的导盲犬，经常救我于危难之中。(help ... out)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：Smart, my guide dog, often helps me out.
2．一天，我们正过马路，在我还没意识到之前，它突然停下来把我拉了回来。(be doing ... when ...; aware)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：One day, we were crossing the street when Smart paused and dragged me back before I was aware of it.
3．然后我听到一辆车呼啸而过。(hear复合结构)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：Then I heard a car whistling by.
4．当时的情景每个目睹的人都吓得要死。(witness; scare)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：Everyone who witnessed this was scared to death.
5．我相信不论发生什么，它都不会抛弃我。(abandon)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：I believe no matter what happens it will not abandon me.
B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范
答案：Smart, my guide dog, often helps me out. One day, we were crossing the street when Smart paused and dragged me back before I was aware of it. Then I heard a car whistling by. Everyone who witnessed this was scared to death. I believe no matter what happens it will not abandon me.
Unit 3 Under the sea
基础自主检测
阅读识记
Ⅰ.英译汉
1.anecdote n. 轶事；奇闻
2.yell vi. 大叫；呼喊
n. 叫声；喊声
3.teamwork n. 协作；配合
4.shark n. 鲨鱼
5.dimension n. 维(数)；方面；侧面
6.shallow adj. 浅的；肤浅的；浅显的
7.boundary n. 界限；分界线
8.pension n. 养老金；退休金
Ⅱ.汉译英
1.dive vi.& n. 跳水(的动作)；潜水(的动作)；俯冲
2.jog vi. 慢跑 vt. 轻推；轻撞
3.tide n. 潮(汐)；潮水；潮流
4.seaweed n. 海草；海藻
5.flashlight n. 闪光信号灯；手电筒；闪光灯
6.suck vt.& vi. 吮吸
7.steep adj. 陡峭的
8.Antarctic adj. 南极的
9.seal n. 海豹；封条；印章
高频应用
1.witness vt. 当场见到；目击 n. 目击者；证人；证据
2.opposite prep. 在……对面 adj. 相对的；相反的
3.pause vi.& n. 暂停；中止 4.flee vi. 逃避；逃跑 vt. 逃离
5.drag vt. 拖；拉；扯 6.lip n. 一片嘴唇；(容器或洞的)边，口
7.net n. 网；网状物；网络 8.target n. 目标；靶；受批评的对象
9.pure adj. 纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的 10.cell n. 细胞；(蜂房的)巢室
11.vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的
12.neat adj. 〈口〉好的；整齐的；匀称的
13.grey adj.& n. 灰色(的) 14.awesome adj. 使人敬畏的；令人畏惧的
拓展变形
1.annual (adj.) 每年的；按年度计算的 (n.) 年刊；年鉴→annually (adv.) 每年地；年度地→anniversary (n.) 周年纪念日
2.accommodation (n.) 住所；住宿→accommodate (vt.) 提供住宿
3.depth (n.) 深(度)；深处→deep (adj.) 深的→deepen (v.) 加深
4.urge (vt.) 催促；极力主张；驱策 (n.) 强烈的欲望；冲动→urgent (adj.) 急迫的；催促的→urgency (n.) 紧急；迫切
5.abandon (vt.) 放弃；遗弃；抛弃→abandoned (adj.) 被遗弃的；放纵的
6.relationship (n.) 关系；血缘关系；交往→relation (n.) 关系；联系；交往；亲戚(关系)；亲属(关系)→relate (vt.) 把……联系起来；讲述 (vi.) 有联系→relative (adj.) 与……有关的；相比较的 (n.) 亲属；亲戚
7.conservation (n.) 保存；保护→conserve (vt.) 保存；保护
8.reflect (vi.) 思考 (vt.) 映射；反射；思考→reflection (n.) 反射；反映
9.aware (adj.) 意识到的；知道的→unaware (反义词) (adj.) 没有意识到的；不知道的→awareness (n.) 意识；觉悟
10.narrow (adj.) 狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的→narrowly (adv.) 仅仅；勉强地
11.sharp (adj.) 锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的→sharpen (vt. & vi.) (使)变锋利；削尖；磨快→sharpener (n.) 削刀；磨床；磨器；磨具
12.tasty (adj.) 好吃的；可口的→taste (v.) 品尝；有……的味道 (n.) 味道；喜好→tasteless (反义词) (adj.) 无味的；不可口的
13.scare (vt.) 恐吓 (vi.) 受惊吓→scared (adj.) 恐惧的；害怕的→scary (adj.) 恐怖的；可怕的
1.以“rrow”结尾的词一览
①narrow adj. 狭窄的
②arrow n. 箭头
③borrow v. 借
④sorrow n. 悲伤
⑤sparrow n. 麻雀
2.含后缀th的名词荟萃
①depth 深度
②width 宽度
③length 长度
④truth 真理
⑤growth 成长
一 动词＋介/副词
1.sort out 整理；分类；收拾
2.aim at 瞄准
3.hold up 阻挡；举起；耽搁
4.help (...) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
二 be＋形容词＋介词
5.be terrified of 对……感到惊恐
6.be/become aware of 知道；明白；意识到
7.(be) scared to death 吓死了
三 其他
8.ahead of (表示空间)在……前面；(表示时间)先，预先
9.in the meantime 在此期间；与此同时
10.upside down 上下翻转
1.“v.＋at”动词短语荟萃
①aim at 瞄准
②point at 指向
③arrive at 到达
④laugh at 嘲笑
⑤knock at 敲(门、窗等)
2.“动词＋out”短语专辑
①help (...) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境
②work out 解决；算出；锻炼
③figure out 解决；算出
④find out 查明；弄清楚
⑤try out 试用；试验
______________________________________________________________
1.a time＋when引导的定语从句
It_was_a_time_when (那是一个……时期)the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.(教材P19)
2.be about to＋动词原形，表示即将发生的事情
This was the call that announced there_was_about_to_be (即将有) a whale hunt.(教材P20)
3.v.ing的被动式作宾语补足语
As we drew closer, I could see a whale being_attacked (正在被袭击) by a pack of about six other killers.(教材P20)
4.with的复合结构作状语
I'm sitting in the warm night air with_a_cold_drink_in_my_hand (手持一杯冷饮) and reflecting on the day—a day of pure magic！(教材P24)
5.动名词的复合结构作宾语
The fish didn't seem to mind_me_swimming_among_them (介意我在它们中间游动)．(教材P24)
6.“where ..., there be ...”意为“在……的地方，有……”，where 引导地点状语从句
The water was quite shallow but where_the_reef_ended (在珊瑚礁到了尽头的地方)，there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.(教材P24)
单句语法填空
1.We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us ________ (throw) itself out of the water and then crashing down again.
答案：throwing
2.I looked down into the water and could see Old Tom swimming by the boat, ________ (show) us the way.
答案：showing
3.From Jame's face, I could see he was terrified of ______ (abandon) by us.
答案：being abandoned
4.It took over half an hour (get) the boat back to James.
答案：to get
5.And then Old Tom was off and back to the hunt ______ the other killers were still attacking the whale.
答案：where
6.________ (see) such extraordinary beauty, I think every cell in my body woke up.
答案：Seeing
7.The first thing I became aware ________ was all the vivid colours surrounding me.
答案：of
8.A large wiselooking turtle was passing so close to me ________ I could have touched it.
答案：that
9.Then there were two grey reef sharks, each about one and a half metres long, ________ suddenly appeared from behind some coral.
答案：which
10.I told myself they weren't dangerous but that didn't stop me ________ (feel) scared to death for a moment！
答案：feeling
考点步步冲关
1 witness vt.当场见到；目击
n．目击者；证人；证据
I thought, at the time, that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.(P20)
当时我以为这只是个故事，但是后来我却多次亲眼目睹了这样的事情。(1)be (a) witness to sth.看见某事发生/证明……真实
bear/give witness to sth.为……作证；证明
(2)witness to (doing) sth.作证，证明(做)某事
[名师点津] 英语中常用表示时间、地点等的名词作主语，而常用形容人的感官动词see, witness等作谓语进行拟人修辞，意为“是发生……的地点(或时间、组织等)”。另外，注意witness to中的to是介词。
即时练1
单句语法填空
①The girl witnessed ________ (see) the man burst into the bank on a dark night last week.
②The past ten years ________ (witness) a boom in economy in my hometown.
③Our city ________ (witness) four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold.
答案：①to having seen ②has witnessed ③witnesses
单句写作——句式升级
④当他从公园走出来时，这位老人碰巧目睹了这起交通事故。
a．普通表达：
When he walked out of the park, the old man ________________ the road accident.
b．高级表达：
__________________________， the old man ________ the road accident. (分词作状语)
答案：a.happened to see b．Walking out of the park; witnessed
2 urge vt.催促；极力主张
n．强烈的欲望；冲动
“Man overboard! Turn the boat around！” urged George, shouting loudly. (P20)
乔治催促着，大声喊道：“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”(1)urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge that ... (should) do sth. 极力主张；强调……
(2)have an urge to do sth. 有做某事的欲望
(3)urgent adj. 紧迫的；迫切的
(4)urgency n. 紧急；迫切
即时练2
单句语法填空
①She invited me to dinner, but I declined on account of ________ (urge) business.
②After she saw the film, there was an urge ________ (cry) because she was touched by their brave deeds.
③They urged that the library ________ (keep) open during the vacation.
④I got a note from Moira urging me ________ (get) in touch.
答案：①urgent ②to cry ③be kept ④to get
一句多译
我们力劝她同我们一起来参加聚会，但她坚持说她太累了。
⑤____________________ with us, but she protested that she was too tired. (urge sb. to do sth.)
⑥____________________ with us, but she protested that she was too tired. (urge that ...)
答案：⑤We urged her to come to the party ⑥We urged that she (should) come to the party
3 abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃
From James's face, I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. (P21)
从詹姆斯的脸上我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。(1)abandon one's hope/plan/idea 放弃希望/计划/主意
abandon oneself to ... 沉湎于……；纵情于……(to为介词)
(2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地；尽情地
(3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；无约束的；无度的；放纵的
即时练3
单句语法填空
①The fans cheered ________ abandon when their football team won.
②After her mother died, she abandoned herself ________ grief.
③The old paper mill ________ (abandon) to make way for a new shopping centre a few years ago.
④The police found the lost treasure in an ____________ (abandon) well.
答案：①with ②to ③was abandoned ④abandoned
一句多译
他沉迷于网络游戏，没有通过考试。
⑤He ________________ and didn't pass the exam.
⑥________________， he didn't pass the exam.
答案：⑤abandoned himself to the Internet games ⑥Abandoning himself to the Internet games
4 reflect vi.思考 vt.映射；反射；思考
I'm sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day—a day of pure magic！(P24)
我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这是神奇的一天！(1)be reflected in 被反映在……；被映照在……中
reflect on/upon sth. 仔细考虑/思考某事
reflect that ... 思考……
(2)reflection n. 反射；反映；沉思；倒影；影像
be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中
a reflection of ……的反映
即时练4
单句语法填空
①As well as a day of celebration, a birthday is also a time for reflecting ________ your life and reviewing your life.
②The cat felt curious when she saw her own ________ (reflect) in the mirror.
③When the sun's rays hit the earth, a lot of heat ________ (reflect) back into space.
④With the white walls ________ (reflect) the light, the room looks warm and bright.
答案：①on/upon ②reflection ③is reflected ④reflecting
1
help ( ... ) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
教材
原句
What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out？(P21)
有什么证据表明老汤姆在帮助捕鲸者摆脱险境吗？
(1)help sb. with/(to) do sth. 帮助某人(做)某事
can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
can't help but do sth. 只得做某事；不得不做某事
help oneself (to sth.) 随便自己动手(夹菜吃、用……等)
(2)with the help of sb.＝with sb.'s help在某人的帮助下
即时练1
单句语法填空
①I have been busy with my study and seldom help my parents ________ the housework.
②We think this is the opportunity for us youth to do a contribution to helping the victims ________.
③When thinking of the wonderful days I spent in New Orleans, I just can't help ________ (think) of you.
④Faced with so much trouble, I can't help but __________ (turn) to my parents for help.
答案：①with ②out ③thinking ④turn
单句改错
⑤With help of the teacher, he has made great progress in his English.
________________________________________________
答案：With后加the
2
be/become aware of 意识到
教材
原句
The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding me—purples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens.(P24)
我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩——紫色、红色、橘黄、明黄、蓝色和绿色等。
(1)be aware that ... 知道；体会到……
make sb. aware of/that ... 使某人注意到……；提醒某人注意……
as far as I'm aware 据我所知
(2)awareness n. 意识；认识；察觉
develop an awareness of ... 培养……的意识
raise awareness 提高认识
即时练2
单句语法填空
①Learning English not only increases my __________ (aware) of foreign cultures but also helps me to communicate with Englishspeaking people and to make more new friends.
②In my opinion, it's very important to develop __________ awareness of health now.
③As a member of society, I'm aware __________ being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
答案：①awareness ②an ③that
单句改错
④Some activities should be carried out to make people aware the importance of donating blood.
________________________________________________
答案：aware后加of
1
As we drew closer, I could see a whale being_attacked by a pack of about six other killers.(P20)
翻译
当我们靠近时，我能看到一条鲸鱼正受到约六、七条虎鲸的攻击。
as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候；随着”，表示从句的动作与主句动作同时发生或伴随进行。being attacked作宾语补足语，表示动作正在被进行。“see＋宾语＋being done”意为“看到……正被……”。
[名师点津] being done是doing的被动形式，用作现在分词时，表示被动和正在进行的动作，常作定语和补语；用作动名词时，只表示被动而不表示进行的动作，常作宾语和主语。
即时练1
单句写作
①在家听音乐是一回事，而现场听音乐又是另一回事了。
Listening to music at home is one thing; going to hear it ____________________ live is quite another.
②通常，在开始上课时，在街上都能听到打开和关上书桌的声音。
Usually at the beginning of school, the noise of desks ____________________ could be heard out in the street.
③我可以不受外界干扰做任何我想做的事。
I could do whatever I wanted to do without ____________________ by the outside world.
④由几位专家正在进行的研究表明海湾石油泄漏已对周围环境造成了致命损害。
Research ____________________ out by several experts suggests that the oil spill in the Gulf has caused the fatal damage to the environment.
⑤出名所付出的代价是不管你走到哪里，都会被人认出来。
__________________ wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous.
答案：①being performed ②being opened and closed ③being interrupted ④being carried ⑤Being recognized
2
The water was quite shallow but where_ the reef ended, there_was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.(P24)
翻译
水很浅，但是到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。
“where ..., there be ...”意为“在……的地方，有……”。where引导地点状语从句，相当于in/at the place where ... (此时where引导定语从句)，另外wherever “在任何地方；无论何处”也可引导地点状语从句。
即时练2
单句语法填空
①Schools should be lively places ________ individuals are encouraged to develop to their greatest potential.
②________ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
③After the war, a new school building was put up __________ there had been a theatre.
答案：①where ②Where ③where
单句写作
④常言道，有志者，事竟成。
As the saying goes, ________________________.
⑤众所周知，熊猫生活在有大量竹子的地方。
It is well known that the panda lives ________________ plenty of bamboo.
⑥作为年轻人，我们应该学会在我们跌倒的地方站起来。
As young men, we should learn to stand up ________________.
⑦就我个人而言，你愿意去哪里就去哪里。
As far as I'm concerned, you are free to go ________________.
答案：④where there is a will, there is a way ⑤where there is ⑥where we fell ⑦wherever you like
动词ing 形式的被动式
当动词ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，要用其被动形式，即being done，它表示一个正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生的被动动作。与其主动形式一样，它在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语、补语、状语。
1．作主语
being done用于句首作主语，表示一个被动的动作。
①Being exposed to sunshine for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
在阳光下暴露太久对皮肤有害。
2．作宾语
being done 可以用于动词或介词后作宾语，表示一个被动的动作。
②The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without being recognized.
这个影星戴着墨镜，所以他能在购物时不被认出来。
3．作定语
being done 作定语，只能置于被修饰的名词后，表示一个正在进行的被动动作。
③The problem being discussed now is very important.
现在正在被讨论的这个问题非常重要。
4．作补足语
being done 可以用在某些动词(see, hear, watch, feel, notice, find, keep ...)后作宾语补足语，表示一个正在进行的被动动作。
④You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere now.
你将发现这个话题现在到处被讨论。
5．作状语
being done用作状语，是一个比较重要的用法，主要用于句首表示原因，有时也表示其他关系(如时间等)。
⑤Being repaired, the road is blocked now.
因为这条路正在被修建，所以被堵上了。
being done的完成式为“having been done”，说明它所表示的动作在谓语动作之前发生，通常在句中作宾语和状语。
⑥Having been taught many times, the boy still couldn't finish those tasks independently.
已经被教了许多次，这个男孩仍然不能独立完成这些任务。
being done的否定形式为“not being done”；其完成式的否定形式为“not having been done”。
⑦He was unhappy for not being invited to the party.
对于没有被邀请去参加宴会，他感到不高兴。
即时练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．After only six months of ________ (care) for by a 25－year－old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions.
答案：being cared
2．As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than ________ (praise) by my teacher before my classmates.
答案：being praised
3．The lecture ________ (give), a lively questionandanswer session followed.
答案：having been given
4．—What do you know made Susan so upset?
—________ (charge) with giving away state secrets.
答案：Being charged
5．The building ________ (build) now will be used as our reading room.
答案：being built
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．George returned after the war, only to being told that his wife had left him.
________________________________________________
答案：being→be
2．The witnesses being questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
________________________________________________
答案：去掉being
3．When being asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
________________________________________________
答案：去掉being
4．He doesn't remember having ever given a chance to go abroad.
________________________________________________
答案：given前加been
5．I heard an English song be sung by the little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.
________________________________________________
答案：be→being
基础达标演练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I often have a hard time ________ (drag) myself from my bed or even rolling over to write everything I have dreamt about in my notebook.
答案：dragging
2．On Monday mornings it usually ________ (take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.
答案：takes
3．There was a time ________ I lived on the farm happily.
答案：when
4．Abandoning himself to ________ (play) computer games, Wang Ping has fallen behind the other students in his studies.
答案：playing
5．We felt at home with her and were impressed with the ________ (deep) of her knowledge.
答案：depth
6．The committee urged that a sound and safe rural financial system ________ (set) up to boost the rural economy.
答案：(should) be set
7．After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide ________ (accommodate) for the homeless families.
答案：accommodation(s)
8．With economy developing at great speed, our city ________ (witness) quite a few changes in recent years.
答案：has witnessed
9．A lack of ________ (aware) of cultural difference can cause problems.
答案：awareness
10．The performer was waving his stick in the street, and it ________ (narrow) missed the child standing nearby.
答案：narrowly
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He said that the manager had already been aware the problem.
________________________________________________
答案：aware后加of
2．The broken bike was found abandoning by the riverside that day.
________________________________________________
答案：abandoning→abandoned
3．When I bought the house, my sister helped me of with a loan.
________________________________________________
答案：of→out
4．He was scared to die hearing the news.
________________________________________________
答案：die→death
5．Having warned about typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.
________________________________________________
答案：warned前加been
Ⅲ.教材微写作
A．根据提示完成句子
1．Smart是我的导盲犬，经常救我于危难之中。(help ... out)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：Smart, my guide dog, often helps me out.
2．一天，我们正过马路，在我还没意识到之前，它突然停下来把我拉了回来。(be doing ... when ...; aware)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：One day, we were crossing the street when Smart paused and dragged me back before I was aware of it.
3．然后我听到一辆车呼啸而过。(hear复合结构)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：Then I heard a car whistling by.
4．当时的情景每个目睹的人都吓得要死。(witness; scare)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：Everyone who witnessed this was scared to death.
5．我相信不论发生什么，它都不会抛弃我。(abandon)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：I believe no matter what happens it will not abandon me.
B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范
答案：Smart, my guide dog, often helps me out. One day, we were crossing the street when Smart paused and dragged me back before I was aware of it. Then I heard a car whistling by. Everyone who witnessed this was scared to death. I believe no matter what happens it will not abandon me.
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