2021高三英语人教版一轮教师用书：选修8Unit1Alandofdiversity
展开三言 | 两语 |
1．MidAutumn Day is a traditional festival of China，which is actually a day for family reunion. 2．I've been longing to go to America，mainly for two reasons.One is that I can experience American culture，which is believed to be the most diverse in the world.The other is that I can broaden my horizons in this developed country. 3．I attach great importance to English study outside the classroom and I often turn to the website Enjoy Reading for help，where I read a great number of articles about English and Western culture. | 1．是各种各样的食物和小吃让你有机会体验中国丰富多样的饮食文化。 It is different kinds of foods and snacks that give you the chance to experience abundant Chinese food culture. 2．得知你下学期作为交换生到我校学习我非常高兴。 I'm very delighted to hear that you will come to our school as an exchange student next term. |
[单词 拼写应用]
核 心 单 词 | 1．means n．手段；方法 2．hardship n．苦难；困苦 3．vice n．&adj.代理；副职 4．occur vi.发生；出现 5．hire vt.&n.租用；雇用 6．nowhere adv.无处；到处都无 7．luggage n．行李 8．grasp vt.&n.抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会 9．thankful adj.感激的；感谢的 10. despite prep.尽管；不管 11． fascinating adj.迷人的；吸引人的 12. reform vt.&vi.改革；革新 n．改革；改造；改良 | [语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．An unexpected storm occurred(occur) when we were enjoying the pleasant voyage at the Yellow Sea. 2．As hiring (hire) has become more global, both for employers and candidates, video interviewing is a way to speed up the interview process. 3．I think it's time for exam system to be reformed(reform)． 4．(安徽卷)Thankfully(thankful)，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end. 5．I am not certain whether I have grasped (grasp) what you meant. | |
拓 展 单 词 | 1．distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的→distinction n．差别；区分；卓著 2．means n．手段；方法→ mean v．意思是；意味着adj.吝啬的；卑鄙的→meaning n．意思 3．majority n．大多数；大半→ minority n．少数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．专业 4．punish v．处罚；惩罚→punishment n．处罚；惩罚 5．apply vi.申请→applicant n．申请人→ application n．申请书；申请 6．indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示→ indication n．迹象；标示 7．apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→ apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地 | [语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．He indicated that an indicator should give me some indications of how I did in the test.(indicate) 2．—What is the meaning of the sign on the bottle? —It means “this side up”．(mean) 3．Apparently, she took no notice of the apparent mistakes in the accident.(apparent) 4．All the applicants can apply in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their applications before May 6th.(apply) 5．One of the major problems is that a majority of the graduates who major in English find it difficult to find a good job.(majority) | |
阅 读 单 词 | 1．strait n．海峡 2．percentage n．百分比；百分率 3．boom n．(人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi.处于经济迅速发展时期 4. ministry n．(政府的)部；(全体)牧师；牧师的职责 5．customs n．海关；关税；进口税 6．cattle n．牛(总称) | 7．shave vt.&vi.刮；剃 8．brake n．闸；刹车；制动器 vi.&vt.刹(车)；用制动器减速 9．slip vi.滑动；滑行；滑跤 n．滑动；滑倒 10．angle n．角；角度 11．justice n．正义；公平 12．mourn vt.&vi.哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛 | 13.civil adj.公民的；国内的；民间的 14．authority n．权威；权力； (pl.)当局；官方 15．insert vt.插入；嵌入 16．immigrate vi.移入(外国定居) 17．elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人 18．crossing n．横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道 |
1．(重庆卷)Cultural differences occur wherever you go.出现；存在
2．She found herself rarely checking the socialnetworking site, letting days or even weeks slip by between visits.(时间)不知不觉地过去
[短语 多维应用]
高 频 短 语 | 1．keep up坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等) 2．live on继续存在；继续生存 3．make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 4．by means of用……办法；借助…… 5．occur to sb.某人突然想到 6．a great/good many许多；很多 | [语境运用] (填入一个适当的词) In the history，the Chinese immigration into California dates back to the 1850s.①A great/good many Chinese went to California ②by means of ship for gold or jobs.After their arrival，they had to make ③a life there，for which some people suffered a lot，and others kept ④up their Chinese customs to live ⑤on. |
7．take in包括；吸收；欺骗；理解 8．apply for申请；请示得到 9．mark out用线画出范围；标出……界线 10．back to back背靠背 11．team up with与……合作或一起工作 12．the majority of大多数…… | [语境运用] (填入一个适当的词) In the later years，⑥the majority of immigrants from China teamed ⑦up with the local Americans to build their new homes.The hardworking Chinese immigrants gradually took ⑧in American English to apply⑨for jobs.They did really make a great contribution to the development of America. |
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵 | 句式仿写应用 |
1．It is likely that...很可能…… However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. | 很可能有一些像地球一样的星球，在那里可能也存在生命。 It is quite likely that there are some planets like the earth，on which there might also be life. |
2.That is why...那就是……的原因 That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. | 我有急事要处理，那就是我没有参加晚会的原因。 I had an urgent thing to deal with，that was why I didn't attend the party. |
3.It is believed that...人们认为/相信…… It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. | 人们普遍认为书的影响太大了，人们应被鼓励阅读更多的书籍。 It is commonly believed that the influence of books is so great that people should be encouraged to read more books. |
1．means n．手段；方法
(1)by this means用这种方法
by means of通过；用；借助于
by no means决不；一点也不(放在句首时，句子部分倒装)
by all means(用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以；没问题；务必
(2)a means of ...一种……工具
a means of communication通信工具
a means to fight crime打击犯罪活动的举措
necessary means 必要手段
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2017·江苏卷)Watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment.
②Students sometimes support themselves by means of doing parttime jobs.
③(上海卷)Every possible means has (have) been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still no clear.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
(普通表达)(陕西卷)Punishment is by no means(决不) a wise choice to help children grow up mentally and physically.
(高级表达)By no means is punishment a wise choice to help children grow up mentally and physically.(倒装句)
[名师点津] means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。若all/some/several/many means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
2．majority n．大多数；大半
(1)a/the majority of...大多数……
in the/a majority构成大部分/大多数
(2)major n．& v．主修；专业；adj. 较大的；主要的
major in主修……； 以……为专业
(3)minority n．少数
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(湖南卷)Onethird of the country is(be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are(be) black people.
②Only a minority(minor) of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking subway to work are in the/a majority.
③(北京卷)In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world.
[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达) When it comes to education, most people believe that it is a lifetime study.
(高级表达) When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that it is a lifetime study.
[名师点津] the/a majority of＋名词，表示“大多数”，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致；the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。
3．occur vi.发生；出现
sth.occurs to sb.某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到某事
It occurs to sb.that...某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb.to do sth.某人突然想起做某事
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(江苏卷)Years ago，a critical event occurred (occur)in my life that would change it forever.
②It never occurred to her to ask(ask) for anyone when she was in trouble.
[链接写作]——一句多译
他忽然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。
①It occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.(occur)
②It hit him that he had left his keys in the office.(hit)
③It struck him that he had left his keys in the office.(strike)
4．take in 包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留；摄入
take off 起飞； (事业) 成功；脱下；请假
take on呈现；雇用；承担
take over接收；接管
take up占据；开始从事
[基础练习]——写出下列句中take in的含义
①(湖北卷)It was several minutes before I took in what he was saying.理解
②(辽宁卷)Don't be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.欺骗
③(全国卷Ⅱ)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights，thus warming the house.吸收
④(四川卷)The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.摄入
⑤Her lecture took in all the recent developments in the subject.包括；包含
[链接写作]——完成句子
①(广东卷)海伦总是帮助她母亲，即使上学占了她一天的大部分时间。
Helen always helps her mother even though going to school takes up most of her day．
②(辽宁卷)当Mitchell退休的时候，Briggs将作为总经理接管公司。
Briggs will take over as general manager when Mitchell retires.
5. [教材佳句]That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.这就是为什么今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言。
[句法句式]This/That is why...为表语从句的常用句型结构，意为“这/那就是……的原因”，用来表示结果。
(1)That's because...那是因为……(because从句表示原因)
(2)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2018·浙江卷)I have a good command of English and is easy to get along with.That's why I'm writing to apply for the job.
b．(安徽卷)From space, the earth looks blue.This is because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.
②a.(2019·浙江卷)There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea.
b．(全国卷Ⅱ)However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.
c．The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.
[链接写作]——同义句改写
He had an urgent thing to deal with.That was why he didn't attend the meeting.
→He didn't attend the meeting.That's because he had an urgent thing to deal with．
多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(陕西卷)An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are(be) against it.
2．They have tried all means, which possibly are (be) helpful, but unfortunately not a means has worked (work) so far.
3．We didn't know how he would react to those events occurring (occur) in the neighbourhood.
4．It is believed(believe) that no human can survive in the situation like that.
5．With the tourist trade booming (boom), the residents of this area are paying more attention to the protection of nature.
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
6．It was not until several days later that I realized I was taken in by that bad man.
7．Since he was 67, it didn't seem likely that he would continue long in that position.
8．(湖北卷)It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.
9．He is addicted to computer games; that's why he has to drop out of school.
10．In many countries, young people still keep up the tradition that women will get married in a long white dress.
维度3——查缺补漏
11．The bell indicating (indicate) the end of the class rang, which interrupted our heated discussion.
12．The position applied for by most applicants actually requires at least 5 years' working experience.(apply)
13．Apparently (apparent), the iPods, if used properly, are helpful to our study, especially to our English listening.
14．She is by no means an inexperienced(experienced) teacher，so all her students like her.
15．Unluckily, she slipped (slip) and fell down from the upstairs.
语篇练习——提升能力
提能一 单元话题语篇练
根据P1—3教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one 1．really(real) knows.However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
Scientists believe that these first 2.settlers(settler) crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means 3.of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.In the 16th century, after the 4.arrival(arrive) of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly.
Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.5.In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans.However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans 6．living(live) in California than in any other state.
In the 18th century, California 7．was ruled(rule) by Spain.Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land.
Two centuries 8.later(late), the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.Of the first Spanish 9.to go(go) to California, the majority were religious men, 10.whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.
提能二 单元话题写作练
1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①美国拥有移民的数量是世界上最多的，其中大多数移民来自欧洲。
The number of the immigrants to America is the largest in the world, and the majority of them are from Europe.
②世界上没有其他地方像美国一样吸引如此多的移民。
Nowhere else in the world like America attracts so many immigrants．
③他们中许多人遭受了苦难和种族偏见但还是设法在那里开始了新的生活。
A great many of them suffered hardships and racial prejudice but still managed to make a new life there.
④他们费了很大的劲才逐渐适应了美国的生活，同时，他们的风俗被保留下来。
They had great difficulty in getting adapted to the life gradually in America and at the same time, their customs have been kept up．
⑤那就是我们认为美国是多元文化国家的原因。
That's the reason why we think America multicultural.
2．升级平淡句
(1)用定语从句改写句①
The number of the immigrants to America is the largest in the world, the majority of whom are from Europe.
(2)把句⑤改成含表语从句的句子
That's why we think America multicultural.
3．衔接成美文
The number of the immigrants to America is the largest in the world, the majority of whom are from Europe. Nowhere else in the world like America attracts so many immigrants. A great many of them suffered hardships and racial prejudice but still managed to make a new life there. They had great difficulty in getting adapted to the life gradually in America and at the same time, their customs have been kept up. That's why we think America multicultural.
