2019年高考英语（人教版）一轮总复习教师用书：第二部分专题三　一、代　词

专题三　代词和介词一、代　词[全国卷考情分析] 题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25，000 people were using it every day.2．(2016年全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit，I held a lively three­month­old twin that had been rejected by its(it) mother.1.考查人称代词的主格和宾格；2．考查物主代词的基本用法；3．考查it的基本用法；4．考查不定代词和替代词的基本用法。短文改错1.(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)Mr.and Mrs.Zhang work in our school. 【导学号：65670173】2．(2016年全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time.Instead，he hopes that our→his business will grow steadily.1.代词单复数的错用；2．人称代词与物主代词的错用；3．不定代词的错用；4．代词与其所指代的对象不符。 (对应学生用书第232页) 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2016年北京高考)We are very proud of ourselves(we) and believe we can do more for a better world. 【导学号：65670174】2．(2017年江西九江一模)We valued every chance we could to keep us(we) both on the right track.Ⅱ.单句改错(2016年四川高考)When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.her→his[再解读要点]1．人称代词人称代词有主格(I，we，they，he，she，it)和宾格(me，us，them，him，her，it)等之分。主格在句中作主语；宾格用在及物动词或介词后作宾语，也可作表语或同位语。To really understand a man we must judge him in misfortune.只有在不幸时才能真正了解一个人。2．物主代词形容词性物主代词(my，your，his，her，its，our，your，their)相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语，不能单独使用。名词性物主代词(mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，yours，theirs)相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of连用作后置定语，但不能单独作定语。(朗文辞典)The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that ours are bigger.我们的大脑和猴子的大脑之间的主要差别在于我们的要大些。3．反身代词(1)反身代词(myself，ourselves，yourself，yourselves，themselves，himself，herself，itself)在句中可用作宾语或表语、同位语。还可以作名词或代词的同位语，加强语气，表示“亲自，本人”的意思。(上海高考)If our parents do everything for us children，we won't learn to depend on ourselves.如果我们的父母为我们孩子们做一切，我们就无法学会独立。(2)含有反身代词的习惯用语 by oneself单独地，独自地 for oneself亲自，为自己seat oneself 坐下   behave oneself 举止得体say to oneself心里想   talk to oneself自言自语enjoy oneself 过得愉快   devote oneself to 致力于help oneself to 随便吃；随便用apply oneself to 专心致志于make yourself at home 不拘束come to oneself恢复知觉；苏醒过来adapt/adjust oneself to适应于abandon oneself to沉迷于，放纵于express oneself 表达某人的思想lose oneself in (＝be lost in)迷失 不定代词 [先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．I don't like this room.I'm going to ask for another．2．(2017年山西太原二诊)Both teams were in hard training; neither was willing to lose the game.Ⅱ.单句改错(2017年江西六校联考)Failure is part of our life.Somebody has achieved great success without lots of failures.Somebody→Nobody[再解读要点]1．all，both，either，any，none，neither 都任何一个都不部分否定两者botheitherneither＝not eitherboth和not连用三者或三者以上allanynone＝not anyall和not连用(2015年福建高考)The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but neither contained any useful suggestions.以这个调查为基础，研究团队做了两个报告，但是两个都不包含任何有用的建议。(江西高考)—When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon？——我什么时候(给你)打电话方便，上午还是下午？—Either.I'll be in all day.——都可以，我将一整天都在家。2．none，nothing，no one/nobodynonenone既指人也指物，后面可接of短语，一般用来回答how many，how much 和which的提问nothingnothing只指物，后面不能接of短语，用来回答what的提问no one/nobodyno one和nobody只指人不指物，其后不接of短语，一般回答who的提问 (湖北高考)Even if the answer seemed a little strange，nobody but I doubted it.尽管这个答案好像有点奇怪，但是除了我之外没人怀疑它的正确性。(2015年四川高考)Niki is always full of ideas，but none is useful to my knowledge.尼基点子总是很多，但是据我所知，没有一个是有用的。易错警示部分否定和全部否定(1)no one，none，nobody，nothing，not...any/either以及“no＋名词”都表示全部否定；(2)all，both，everyone/everybody/everything以及“every＋名词”与not 连用时，表部分否定。3．other，the other，others，the others，anotherthe otherthe other指两个人或物中的“另一个”，常与one连用，构成“one...the other...”(一个……；另一个……)another单独使用，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。常与one连用，构成one...another...泛指“一个……另一个……”others，the othersothers泛指“其余的人或物”，相当于“other＋可数名词复数”，不能作定语，常构成some...others...。the others特指“其余的所有人或物”，相当于“the other＋可数名词复数”(2015年陕西高考)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.为了暖和自己，那个海员坐在火堆前，两只光脚丫互相蹭着。(福建高考)In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in others，knives and forks.在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。 it的用法 [先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017年湖南衡阳八中、永州四中联考)I was conscious all the time when I was flying through the air，and it seemed a long time.2．(2017年安徽望江中学月考)He admitted that when it comes to repairing a computer，he had little knowledge of it. 【导学号：65670175】Ⅱ.单句改错Sometimes we may find difficult to follow the teacher and some slow learners may even give up learning English.在find后加it[再解读要点]1．指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象。还指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。(北京高考)The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it.由于当地政府的努力，大城市的就业率不断上升。易错警示替代词(it，that，one)的用法区别it特指前面提到过的同一个人或物that替代上文出现的“the＋不可数名词或单数可数名词”，表特指同类事物中的一个。其复数形式为thoseone替代上文出现的“a/an＋单数可数名词”，表泛指同类事物中的一个。其复数形式为ones2.it用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。(天津高考)It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.对学生来说非常清楚的是他们应该为他们的将来做好准备。(山东高考)The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.这两个女孩长得很像，陌生人很难把她们区分开来。3．含有it的常考短语或句型。(1)It depends.视情况而定。Take it easy.别着急。believe it or not信不信由你make it成功，做到，约定时间as someone puts it像某人所说的那样When it comes to...当涉及/谈到……keep it in mind that...把……铭记在心(2) It's (high) time that sb.should do/did sth.是某人该做某事的时候了。It's the first/second/...time that sb.have/has done sth.是某人第一次 /二次/……次做某事。It is/has been...since...自从……多久了。It will be/was...before...要过……时间才……It is/was＋时间点＋when...当……时候，时间是……(3)It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...[技法点拨]代词与语法填空代词与短文改错1.人称、物主、反身代词词类：“成分”是关键(1)如果句中缺主语，则用人称代词的主格；(2)如果句中缺宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格；(3)如果句中缺定语，则用形容词性物主代词；(4)如果主语和宾语代表同一个人或物，宾语则用反身代词。2．不定代词类：“范围”要搞清(1)二者选其一用either；都不选用neither；都选用both；(2)三者或以上的任何一个用any；都不选用none；都选用all。3．it类：“指代”要辨明(1)如果指代上下文同一事物，用it；(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离用it；(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语用it。1.分析句子成分，看句中主语或宾语是否有缺失或者多余。如果缺少主语，则需要添加人称代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；如果缺宾语，则可以添加人称代词宾格；如果宾语和主语指同一个人或物，则应用反身代词。2．检查搭配，看名词前是否需要代词。如果名词前需要代词，则需添加形容词性物主代词。3．通读全文，通过上下文的语境检查代词指代是否一致。4．根据句式结构，判断句子是否为it的特殊句式，it作形式主语、形式宾语或在强调句中。一些固定句式中it的用法也要注意。5．对不定代词的考查主要集中在其指代范围，这就需要分析上下文意义，看代词是肯定还是否定，是指代两者还是三者或三者以上，从而确定不定代词的使用是否合适。