所属成套资源:2019年高考英语一轮第二部分专题复习教师用书()
2019年高考英语(人教版)一轮总复习教师用书:第二部分专题三 二、介 词
展开二、介 词[全国卷考情分析]题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2017年全国卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture.2.(2016年全国卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.1.考查常用介词的基本用法;2.固定搭配中的介词使用。短文改错1.(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on→of the road.2.(2017年全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself,I realize how fast time flies.1.介词与名词、动词或形容词搭配不当;2.介词的多余;3.介词的缺失;4.习惯搭配中介词的错用。 (对应学生用书第235页)常考介词的用法 [先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2017年北京高考)Many people who live along the coast make a living in fishing industry.2.(2017年河北武邑中学一调)It's of great urgency that we need to make the relative laws,with the rapid growth of online shopping.Ⅱ.单句改错(2017年皖南八校联考)It was almost at 10:30 p.m.,when a family who had attended the same wedding passed by in their car.去掉at[再解读要点]1.表示时间的介词介词用法at表示时间的点,时刻等。at 6:00 o'clock在6点钟;at daybreak在黎明 on表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。on Monday afternoon在周一下午;on a rainy day morning在一个雨天的上午in表示在某段较长的时间内。in the 20th century在 20世纪;in winter在冬季;in September在9月;in the morning在上午since+时间点自从……以来for+时间段 长达……during 在……期间until/till 直到……by 到……为止;不迟于……in/after+时间段 在……之后。“in+时间段”常与将来时连用;“after+时间段”常与过去时连用before 在……之前over 在……期间;直到……结束(北京高考)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.Jane很着急,因为去机场的火车半小时后出发。(安徽高考)In Britain,it's not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.在英国,早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。易错警示(1)当时间名词前有this,that,last,next,every,each等词修饰时,通常不用任何介词。(2)“on/upon+名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一……就……”。2.表示方位的介词介词用法at后常接相对较小的地方。in后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内。on表示“在……上”。(↔beneath)across表示“从……的表面穿过;在……对面”through表示“从……的内部穿过”。over表示“从……的上面跨过”。(↔under)above指离开物体表面而在其上方,但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄等“超过,多于,大于”。(↔below)(陕西高考)The dog jumped over some bushes and saw the little scream.狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪。(上海高考)The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.阳光透过天窗,照亮了整个房间。3.表示方式的介词表示使用的工具、手段、材料时,with,by,in,on都意为“用”。with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官;by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具;in指使用某种语言、笔墨等;on 多用于固定词组中。by train乘火车;on the radio通过收音机;on TV通过电视;with a pencil用铅笔4.表示“除……之外”的介词(短语)介词用 法besides意为“除……之外(还有)”,相当于in addition to。 except意为“除……之外(别无)”,可接名词、代词、介词短语和从句。but 意为“除……之外”(= except)。apart from既可相当于besides或in addition to,也可相当于except for。other than意为“除……之外(别无)”。(福建高考)Apart from good service,the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.除了优质的服务外,这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。易错警示(1)but常用于nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,everyone,all 之后。接不定式时,如果前有实义动词do,则不定式中的to省略。(2)besides还可作副词,意为“另外,而且”,在句中常作插入语。5.表示原因的介词(短语)for,because of,due to,thanks to,owing to,on account of,as a result of(浙江高考)The openair celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.因为天气不好,这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。(上海高考)Owing to bad weather,the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.由于天气恶劣,航班延误了好几个小时。易错警示 上述短语都可作状语,due to还可作表语。thanks to 表示“多亏,幸亏”,多位于句首。6.其他常考的介词介词用法against违背,反对;倚靠;以……为背景,衬托beyond(范围、限度)超出,为……所不能及by程度或增减的幅度;按……计despite尽管for(表示目的)为了;(表示对象或用途)给;因为;从……来看;赞成,支持with和……在一起;和,跟;具有,带有;(表示伴随)随着within(范围、程度)在……内without没有off(表示位置)在……的外面;(表示方向)偏离;从……离开(重庆高考)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.她在转弯处开得如此快,以至于车差点偏离公路。(福建高考)Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.任何司机如被发现饮酒超限都会被指控。常考介词短语及搭配 [先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空(2017年天津高考)We offer an excellent education to our students.In return,we expect students to work hard.Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2017年江西南昌调研)Under his help,we have learned immediately how to analyze and settle problems.Under→With2.(2017年甘肃重点中学协作体联考)Because the help you gave me that summer,my life changed.Because后加of 【导学号:65670176】[再解读要点]高考中的语法填空和短文改错将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查,介词与名词、形容词与介词、动词与介词形式的搭配是高考考查的难点。常考介词短语及固定搭配有:1.与名词的搭配at a time每次,一次 at a loss 困惑,不知所措at first sight乍一看 at table在吃饭 by mistake错误地 by the way顺便说in charge主管,看管 in return作为回报in turn依次,转而 in shape健康状况良好in trouble 处于困境中 on purpose故意地on holiday在度假 in time及时,迟早on time准时 on average 平均in honour of为了纪念…… in place of代替in memory of为纪念…… in addition to 除了by hand 手工 on the contrary相反地on account of 由于 on behalf of 代表approach to ……的方法 visit to 到……的访问for the sake of为了 by means of 借助reason for ……的原因 (a) lack of 缺乏……by accident/chance 偶然beyond one's reach够不着in advance在前头,事先,预先in the long run从长远来看beyond description 无法形容out of breath/balance上气不接下气/失去平衡to one's surprise/astonishment令某人惊奇/吃惊的是under construction/consideration在建设/考虑at the cost of 以……为代价in support/favor of支持,支援in terms/view of鉴于,根据for the purpose of 为了……目的for the benefit of为了……的利益on the way to在去……的路上on the basis of 以……为基础2.与动词的搭配answer for 对……负责 apply for申请call at 拜访(地点) refer to 谈到;涉及;查阅result from 由于 suffer from遭受approve of赞成 complain of 抱怨consist of 由……组成 dream of 梦到think of 想起;考虑到 call on 拜访(某人)depend/rely on 依靠 result in/lead to导致belong to 属于 date from/back to 追溯到keep/prevent/stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做……protect...from 保护……不受伤害succeed in 在……方面成功3.与形容词的搭配 be aware of 意识到 be proud of 以……为荣be tired of厌倦 be angry with sb.对……生气be eager for 渴望 be absent from 缺席be ashamed of对……感到羞耻be sure of 对……有信心;确信be familiar with sth.熟悉……be familiar to sb.为……所熟悉be patient with 对……有耐心be pleased/satisfied with 对……满意be popular with sb.受……欢迎be strict with sb.对……严格 be addicted to 对……上瘾;沉溺于be available to 对……可用;可供……使用be beneficial to 对……有益处be devoted to 致力于,献身于be similar to 与……相似be confident in 对……有信心be anxious about/for 忧虑,担心be crazy about 热衷;着迷be curious about 对……好奇be particular about 挑剔be suitable for/to适合于4.其他搭配far from 远非 once in a while 偶尔up to 达到;由……决定 in spite of 尽管;虽然after all 毕竟,终究ahead of (时间,空间)在……前面;领先5.易错用的介词with the help of在……的帮助下under the leadership of在……的领导下the article in the newspaper报纸上的文章a hole in the wall 墙上的洞a bird in the tree树上的鸟apples on the tree树上的苹果tickets for the concert音乐会的票in the direction of朝着……的方向set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样[技法点拨]介词与语法填空介词与短文改错1.“是否宾语”作依据介词必须要接宾语,宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词或what从句充当。若空格后是名词、代词或动名词且它们在句中不作主语和动词的宾语,则要考虑填介词。2.“四种方法”来确定所填介词(1)根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系;(2)根据语境含义结合介词用法;(3)根据特殊的结构关系,如接复合宾语就只能用with或without;(4)根据介词与动词等的搭配。1.熟练掌握介词的基本用法,即介词后用名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或句子作宾语。解题时,观察句中是否有这一类词,以此确定所改词是否是介词;或句子中介词是否缺失或多余,以便添加或删除。2.观察句中名词、动词、形容词等的前后的搭配,然后根据介词与它们的搭配来判断是否误用,还是多词或漏词,解题的关键是掌握一些固定搭配和固定短语。3.检查副词前是否多加了介词。