2019年高考英语（人教版）一轮总复习教师用书：第二部分专题二　二、冠　词

二、冠　词[全国卷考情分析]题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)As a result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.2．(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road，laying the track and then building a strong roof over the top.近五年高考对冠词的考查主要集中在冠词表泛指、特指的基本用法以及常见的固定搭配中的冠词上。短文改错1.(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school，and it takes them about a→an/one hour and a half to go to work every day.2．(2017年全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in  picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.1.不定冠词a和an的错用；2．不定冠词a(n)和定冠词the的错用；3．单数可数名词前冠词的缺失；4．冠词的多余；5．常见固定搭配中冠词的缺失与多余。 (对应学生用书第228页) 不定冠词 [先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017年重庆一中月考)“The match between these two teams is great，” said Jim，and I hope to see a second.2．(2015年四川高考)Brian is gifted in writing music；he is very likely to be a Beethoven.Ⅱ.单句改错(2017年山东临沭一中月考)In the car park there Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.在第二个car前加a[再解读要点]不定冠词用于表示泛指，一般修饰单数可数名词，有a和an两种形式。当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素(不是辅音字母)时，用不定冠词a；当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是元音音素(不是元音字母)时，用不定冠词an。1．不定冠词的基本用法(1)用作可数名词单数前，泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.人们普遍认为男孩子必须学会像男人那样站起来战斗。(2)用在专有名词前表示“某一个”，相当于a certain。—Excuse me，would you please give the iPad to John?——打扰一下，请你把这个iPad给约翰好吗？—Sorry，but I don't think there's a John in our class.——对不起，但是我认为在我们班里没有叫约翰的。(3)用在“be＋of＋a/an＋名词”结构中，表示“同一，相同”时，相当于of the same＋名词。The two plants look different，but they are of a kind (＝of the same kind)．这两种植物看上去不同，但属于同一类。2．不定冠词的活用(1)用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。(北京高考)First impressions are the most lasting.After all，you never get a second chance to make a first impression.最初的印象最持久。毕竟， 你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象。(2)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前，常考的具体化的抽象名词：success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，pity，danger，comfort，honour等。(山东高考)Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在艰苦的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料是一件令人感到欣慰的事。(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection，understanding等后面加of...时， 前面需用不定冠词a/an。have a (good) knowledge of...“精通……”；have a (clear/good) understanding of...“了解……”。(2017年烟台模拟)If you don't have a good knowledge of English，it's out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.如果你不精通英语，那么何谈灵活而流利地运用它呢！3．用于固定搭配中all of a sudden突然地 as a matter of fact事实上at a loss不知所措；困惑   pay a visit to参观；拜访be/go on a diet节食   give sb.a lift让某人搭便车make a fool of 愚弄   in a hurry匆忙地make a living谋生   a waste of...浪费once in a while偶尔   keep an eye on 留意；留神have a gift for在……方面有天赋have a word with与……谈话in a way从某种意义上说as a result/consequence 因此 定冠词 [先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句改错(2017年江西南昌联考)They only eat what they like and never touch food they don't like even if they really need it for their health.food前加theⅡ.单句语法填空1．(2017年山东寿光现代中学月考)The unsuccessful person，on the other hand，works little and just waits to see them pass by.2．比较应用①Xiamen is the most beautiful coastal city I have ever seen so that I will come again.②Qingdao is a most beautiful coastal city and I believe I will come for a second time.[再解读要点]1．定冠词的基本用法(1)指双方都知道的人或物，或特指的人或物的名词前。(2015年重庆高考)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.我刚刚听说多拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。(2)用于某些形容词或分词前，表示一类人。(2016年四川高考)We're not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.我们并不是说每个人都需要为穷人贡献自己的一切。(3)用于序数词、形容词、副词的最高级以及形容词only，very，same前，以及对两个人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。(陕西高考)As is known to all，the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。This book is the better one of the two.这本书是这两者中较好的那一本。易错警示a与most连用，位于形容词前时，most是表示程度的副词，意为“非常”；the与most连用，位于形容词或副词前时，most是最高级的标志，意为“最……的”。(4)用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词(day/hour/dozen等)”结构中， 表示“按……计算”。但size，weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。He was surprised to find that books are sold by weight in this bookstore，that is，by the kilogram.他惊奇地发现在这家书店书是按重量来卖，也就是说是按公斤来卖的。(5)用于“动词(hit，strike，pull，take等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表示身体部位的名词”结构中， 其中的the不可用物主代词代替。hit sb.on the head 打某人的头pull /take sb.by the hand拉/抓住某人的手strike sb.in the face打某人的脸2．用于固定搭配中at the moment 此刻，目前  by the way顺便说一下in the way 阻碍；挡路   in the distance在远处not in the least 一点也不   on the contrary与此相反the other day 几天之前   on the other hand另一方面to the point中肯； 切题   take the place of 代替go to the cinema/theater去看电影/戏剧in the habit of有……的习惯make the most/best of 充分利用to tell (you) the truth(跟你)说实话for the time being 暂时 零冠词 [先试做题组]单句改错1．(2017年四川成都外国语学校月考)I told him I could not go to the college because I did not want to study anymore.去掉the2．(2017年福建福州十三中期中)How are you？Today I've got a wonderful news to tell you.去掉a3．Sam has been appointed the manager of the engineering department to take the place of George.去掉manager前的the[再解读要点]1．零冠词的基本用法(1)用于不含普通名词的纯专有名词或表示泛指的抽象名词、物质名词、不可数名词或复数名词前。(2015年福建高考)Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，因此我们生存的唯一方式就是要与自然和谐相处。(江西高考)The Smiths don't usually like staying at hotels，but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea.史密斯夫妇通常不喜欢住旅馆，但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天。(2)名词前已有this，that，my，your，some，each，no，any 等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词作定语时不用冠词。Each student must hand in his(her) exercise book by the end of this week.每个学生必须在本周末交作业本。(3) 表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补语时， 其前通常用零冠词。(四川高考)Dr.Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们说，“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”(4)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词，及球类、棋类和学科名词前。Of all the subjects，I like history best because it gives us a useful knowledge of things in the past.在所有科目中，我最喜欢历史，因为我们可以从中了解许多过去的有益的知识。2．用于固定搭配中on/catch fire着火　　　 by mistake错误地by chance/accident碰巧   in history在历史上under repair在维修中   hand in hand 手拉手do harm to对……有害   on purpose故意地in place在正确位置    in danger在危险中in return作为回报   at present 目前ahead of time 提前   in advance 提前lose heart 灰心   out of control失控at dawn/dusk/night在黎明/黄昏/夜晚make room for为……让出空间3．有无冠词意义不同的搭配 [技法点拨]冠词与语法填空冠词与短文改错1.观察空格后部分的中心词是否是名词或相当于名词的词或短语，因为冠词的作用通常就是用来修饰名词。2．准确理解语境，确定空格所填词表示泛指还是特指。3．理解空格所在句子的意义，分析所填词是否是冠词活用或固定用法。1.做短文改错时首先要看名词是否可数。不可数名词前不加冠词，故不可数名词前的不定冠词为多余；而可数名词前若无冠词，则为冠词缺失，必须添加相应的冠词。如果名词表示特指，则应用定冠词the。2．做题时要看可数名词或可数名词前修饰词的读音。元音音素前用an。辅音音素前用a。特别注意useful，hour，honest等单词的读音。3．牢记冠词的固定搭配，确定冠词的增与删。