2019年高考英语（人教版）一轮总复习教师用书：第二部分专题八　名词性从句

专题八　名词性从句[全国卷考情分析]题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2015年全国卷Ⅱ)As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.2．(广东高考)I didn't understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.语法填空对名词性从句的考查集中在对引导词的选择上，其中连接代词what与that, how，if与whether是考查的重点。短文改错1.(2016年全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that→where I live.2．(2015年全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where→that/_  his parents were missing.1.从属连词与连接副词之间的错用；2．连接代词(what，which和who等)之间的错用；3．从属连词that与连词代词(尤其是what)之间的错用以及that与whether/if之间的错用；4．从属连词that的缺失或多余。 (对应学生用书第263页)主语从句 [先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017年北京高考)Every year，whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.2．(2017年山东济南一中月考)It is said that he is focusing on a book on space exploration.But when it will come out remains up in the air.Ⅱ.单句改错That will come to help with my English hasn't been decided.That→Who 【导学号：65670190】[再解读要点]1．主语从句的引导词连接词that，whether，if只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when，where，how，why在从句中作状语 (2016年北京高考)Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会对我们有所帮助。(2015年北京高考)How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。(2015年江苏高考)Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it.李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。(安徽高考)The limits of a person's intelligence，generally speaking，are fixed at birth，but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.通常来说，一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了，但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。易错警示(1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。(2)当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，而不用if。2．形式主语it作形式主语的常见句型：(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句(4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter等)＋that从句(浙江高考)It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。(山东高考)It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。易错警示当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或whether引导均可，但如果被后置的主语从句中引导词后接or not时，只能用whether。 宾语从句 [先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017年陕西宝鸡中学月考)When I walked on the street，I wanted to say how clean the streets were.2．I don't doubt that the plan is practical，but I doubt whether/if he will stick to the plan until it's finished.Ⅱ.单句改错(山东高考)I'd appreciate if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.在if前加it[再解读要点]1．宾语从句的引导词连接词that，whether，if只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when，where，how，why在从句中作状语(2017年天津高考)She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn't.她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。(四川高考)Our teacher always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。易错警示(1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。(2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh­类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether，不用if。 2．形式宾语宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句(2)动词hate/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句(3)短语动词see to/ depend on/rely on＋it＋从句(4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋从句(陕西高考)No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步。I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。3．宾语从句的时态一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。 表语从句 [先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2016年北京高考)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.2．(浙江高考)“Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.Ⅱ.单句改错(2017年江西南昌二模)One of the main reasons for this is teachers work too hard but get too little.在teachers前加that[再解读要点]1．表语从句的引导词连接词that，whether只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when，where，how，why在从句中作状语(2016年上海高考)The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended.对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。(2015年福建高考)This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up.这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。易错警示if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。2．as if/as though引导表语从句as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。3．其他常考的表语从句(1)This/ That/ It is why＋表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是……的原因” (2)This/ That/ It is because＋表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为……” (3)The reason why...is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……” (安徽高考)From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。 同位语从句 [先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed.2．(2017年北京重点中学联考)The question occurred to me where we should go to get the car repaired.We were in the middle of the forest at that time.Ⅱ.单句改错(2017年安徽合肥模拟)We have offered him the position，but I don't have the slightest idea if he will accept it.if→whether[再解读要点]同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见同位语从句的名词：advice，conclusion，doubt，fact，hope，idea，news，promise，question，suggestion，thought，truth，wish，word等。引导同位语从句的引导词：that，whether，how，where，when，why等。(2016年天津高考)The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。易错警示that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。 [技法点拨]名词性从句与语法填空名词性从句与短文改错1.首先确定空格处所在从句是否为名词性从句。然后分析从句在整个句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。2．判断从句中的连接词。(1)若从句不缺少成分则要考虑句意是否完整，若句意不完整，则需用whether/if；若句意完整，则用that。(2)若从句缺少主、宾或表语，则用连接代词。(3)若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(如whether，because，as if 等)的用法。1.首先分析句子结构，分析从句在全句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型；2．检查连接词之间是否误用。尤其注意容易混淆的that与what、that与which、which与what、 if与whether；3．检查连接词是否漏掉；4．检查宾语从句与主句的时态呼应是否正确；5．检查主语从句与谓语动词的数是否一致；6．检查作形式主语或形式宾语的it是否缺失。