2019年高考英语（人教版）一轮总复习教师用书：第二部分专题九　并列句和状语从句

专题九　并列句和状语从句[全国卷考情分析] 题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2016年全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia，especially the so­called “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea，and Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.2．(2016年全国卷Ⅲ)Over time，as/when the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.1.并列连词(考查的重点：and，but，or，so，when，while)；2．状语从句的引导词。短文改错1.(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructor's orders，so→but/yet once I started the car...blank.2．(2016年全国卷Ⅱ)If we stay at home，it is comfortable but→and there is no need to spend money.3．(2016年全国卷Ⅰ)Though not very big， the restaurant is popular in our area.1.并列连词的错用或缺失；2．状语从句连接词的错用；3．并列连词和状语从句的连接词的同时使用错误。 (对应学生用书第267页) 并列连词 [先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2016年北京高考)I am not afraid of tomorrow，for I have seen yesterday and I love today.2．(2015年北京高考)He is a shy man，but he is not afraid of anything or anyone.Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2017年北京高考)—Peter，please send us postcards for we'll know where you have visited.—No problem.for→so 【导学号：65670192】2．Although history can't be changed，but lessons can be learned to face the future.去掉but或but→yet[再解读要点]1．表并列、递进或顺承关系的并列连词：and，both ...and ...，neither ...nor ...，not only ...but also ...，as well as(湖北高考)Not only can a beautiful smile make ourselves happy，but also it enables others to feel delighted.一个灿烂的笑容不仅能使我们自己高兴，而且能使他人感到愉快。2．表转折的并列连词：but，yet；表对比关系的并列连词：while(2015年福建高考)The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.这次失败对他是个很大的打击，但他并没有沮丧，很快便像以前一样充满热情。(重庆高考)I was never very neat，while my roommate Kate was extremely organized.我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人，而我的室友凯特却极有条理。易错警示but不与although/though连用，但yet，still可与although/though连用。3．表选择关系的并列连词：or，either ...or ...，not ...but ...(2015年安徽高考)They gave money to the old people's home either personally or through their companies.他们给那位老人的家里送钱，有的是以个人的名义，有的则是通过他们的公司。4．表因果关系的并列连词：so，for (表“由于”，一般不放在句首)(山东高考)He found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.由于他的视力下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。5．when可用于并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：①be about to do sth.when ...“正要做某事，这时突然……”②be on the point of doing sth.when ...“正要做某事，这时突然……”③be doing sth.when ...“正在做某事，这时突然……”④had done sth.when ...“刚做完某事，这时突然……”(2017年天津高考)I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。(福建高考)She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.昨天她刚完成家庭作业，她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。 [技法点拨]并列句与语法填空并列句与短文改错并列连词的考查主要是通过句子意义及两个并列成分之间的关系来判断连词词义。解题时准确理解题干的意义，理清前后逻辑关系很重要。1.分析句子结构及句与句之间的关系和相应的标点符号，确定是否需要连接词连接，从而确定是否缺少连词或连词多余，以便增删连接词。2．分析句子间的意义关系，判断句子间连接词的使用是否正确，然后予以改正。and表并列；yet/but表转折；or表选择；so表因果；while表对比；when表“就在这时”等，在做短文改错时一定要记牢。 状语从句 [先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017年唐山一中仿真模拟)Gates was only 21 years old when he first helped to set up the company in 1976.2．(2017年石家庄二模)That morning I made sure I had enough to drink and went to the toilet about three times before we left.3．(2016年浙江高考)While/Although/Though online shopping has changed our life，not all of its effects have been positive.4．(2016年北京高考)I really enjoy listening to music because/as it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.5．(2015年北京高考)Once/If the damage is done，it will take many years for the farmland to recover.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Though it is 20 years before we last met，I still remember the scene where we got separated on a snowy day.before→since2．(2017年海淀期末)Hard although it is，the Chinese government is determined to open up the new Silk Road.although→as/though3．(湖南高考)You will never gain success if you are fully devoted to your work.if→unless [再解读要点]一、时间状语从句1．when，while和as引导的时间状语从句when从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生while从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生as从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……”(2016年江苏高考)While some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.尽管有些人被成功的渴望所激励，但也有一些人却被失败的恐惧所激发。(2016年天津高考)As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。2．表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句(1)as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly(2016年上海高考)The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy.我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。(2)在hardly...when...，no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。(全国卷Ⅱ)I had hardly got to the office，when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我回家。3．before，since引导的时间状语从句(1) before表示“在……之前；还未……就……；还没有来得及……就……”。常用句式：①It will be/was＋一段时间＋before...过了……时间才……；②It won't be/wasn't＋一段时间＋before...没过多久就……。(2015年天津高考)We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。(2015年重庆高考)If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。(2)since意为“自从……以来”，常用句式：It is/ has been＋一段时间＋since从句(常用过去时)。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。(四川高考)As is reported，it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.正如所报道的，清华大学自建立以来已有一百多年了。4．till/until引导的时间状语从句until/till用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可用于句首，而till不能。(2017年北京高考) If you don't understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out.如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。She didn't start the lesson until the pupils settled down.等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。5．every time，each time，next time，the first time，by the time等引导的时间状语从句(北京高考)By the time you have finished this book，your meal will get cold.等你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。二、让步状语从句1．although，though，as和while引导的让步状语从句(1)though引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的从句不倒装；as引导的从句必须用倒装语序。(2016年北京高考)Although these measures are not effective forever，they are vital for now.虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。(陕西高考)Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.夜晚的空气虽然很热，但因为长途旅行之后很累，我们睡得很沉。(2)though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。(3)while引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。(4)as、though引导让步状语从句时采用倒装的两种特殊情况①如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。Youngest as/though he is in our class，he speaks English best.他虽然是我们班年龄最小的，但他英语说得最好。②行为动词前置时，从句主语后面要用may，might，can，could，will，would等情态动词，若没有情态动词，则需加上一个do(does或did)。若前置的行为动词是及物动词，则其宾语也随其后一并提前。Search as they would here and there，they could find nothing in the room.尽管到处寻找，但他们在房间里找不到任何东西。Change your mind as/though you do，you will get no help from us.即使你改变主意，你也得不到我们的帮助。2．even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。(湖南高考)Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise.蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。3．“疑问词＋­ever”引导的让步状语从句wherever，(what，who，whom，when，which，how)＋­ever表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)。(2015年安徽高考)It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。(湖南高考)However/No matter how hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。4．whether...or...引导的让步状语从句whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。(重庆高考)All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.所有人，无论衰老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。三、其他状语从句状语从句连词条件状语从句if，unless(＝if...not)，so/as long as(只要)，on condition that，in case(万一)，suppose/supposing，provided/providing原因状语从句because，as，since，now that，considering that (考虑到，鉴于)目的状语从句so that，in order that，in case (以防)结果状语从句so that，so...that...，such...that...地点状语从句where，wherever方式状语从句as(正如，正像)，as if/as though(好像)比较状语从句than，as...as...，not as/so...as... (2015年北京高考)You won't find paper cutting difficult as long as you keep practicing it.只要你不断练习，你不会觉得剪纸很难。(2015年浙江高考)Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，单个句子也能改变一段文字的意思。(山东高考)He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture.他准备好了照相机，以防看到一些他能够拍成好照片的东西。易错警示as if/as though引导的方式状语从句与事实相反时，从句通常用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，用过去时；与过去情况相反时，用过去完成时；与将来情况相反时，用would/could/might＋动词原形。 [技法点拨]状语从句与语法填空状语从句与短文改错状语从句的考查集中在连词的使用上。解题时要认真分析主、从句之间的逻辑关系，明确从句表示时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较等，再根据各种从句固定使用的连接词确定正确答案。1.分析句子结构，找到主句的谓语动词，确定句子的主谓结构，查看句子连接是否正确。2．理解句意，把握句子的内在逻辑关系，确定从句在句中的作用及连接词在句中所作的成分，检查连接词是否正确。