2021版新高考英语（人教版）一轮复习教师用书：板块3第1讲　代词


第1讲　代词
[全国卷考情分析]
题型
典题试做
命题解读
语
法
填
空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give it/running a try.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them (they) alive.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25，000 people were using it every day.
1．考查人称代词的主格和宾格；
2．考查物主代词的基本用法；
3．考查it的基本用法；
4．考查不定代词和替代词的基本用法。
短
文
改
错
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment which is created for them.yourselves→themselves
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. us→me
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I had done myself homework, but I was shy.myself→my/the
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr.and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.all→both/去掉all
1．代词单复数的错用；
2．人称代词与物主代词的错用；
3．不定代词的错用；
4．代词与其所指代的对象不符。

考点一
代词的分类

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·安庆模拟) At the end of the Qing Dynasty, after closed China came under the influence from abroad, many old hutongs lost (they) former neat arrangement.
their　[考查代词。根据空后的名词短语“former neat arrangement”可知，空处修饰该名词短语，作定语，故用形容词性物主代词。]
2．(2019·河南洛阳第一次统考)“As soon as he opens (he) mouth and sings in Chinese, the Chinese are very surprised and they feel proud of him，” said his music teacher.
his　[考查代词。根据语境mouth和主语he可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his修饰名词mouth，在句中作定语。]
3．(2019·山东师大附中二模)At that moment an attractive young lady who noticed my book came up to me and introduced (her)．
herself　[句意：那时，一位迷人的年轻女士注意到了我的书，向我走来并作自我介绍。设空处作宾语，该空处与主语an attractive young lady指同一人，故用反身代词herself。]
4．(2019·重庆第一次调研)There are mainly 3 stone areas. One big area seems to be deep and dark red. two areas seem almost yellow and green. It looks as if someone spilled(泼洒) many colors of paint over the huge areas.
Another　[考查限定词。根据上文中的3 stone areas和One big area可知，这里用Another。Another two areas表示“另外两个地区”。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
5．(2019·湖北八校第一次联考)I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had to look after me and live independently.
me→myself　[考查代词。与句子主语I呼应，应用反身代词，意为“照顾好自己”。]

代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词等。
分类
单数
复数
第一
人称
第二
人称
第三
人称
第一
人称
第二
人称
第三
人称
人称
代词
主格
I
you
he，she，it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
him，her，it
us
you
them
物主
代词
形容
词性
my
your
his，
her，its
our
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his，
hers，its
ours
yours
theirs
反身代词
my­
self
your­
self
himself，
herself，
itself
our­
selves
your­
selves
them­
selves
指示代词
this，that，such
these，those，such
相互
代词
宾格
each other，one another
所有格
each other's，one another's

不定
代词
普通
不定
代词
some，any，no，somebody，anybody，
nobody，someone，anyone，no one，
something，anything，nothing，none
个体
代词
all，every，each，other，another，either，
neither，both，half，everybody，everyone，
everything
数量
代词
many，much，(a)few，(a)little，a lot of，
lots of，a great deal，a great many

疑问代词
who，whom，whose，which，what
连接代词
who，whom，whose，which，what
(用法请参阅名词性从句部分)
关系代词
who，whom，whose，which，that
(用法请参阅定语从句部分)

考点二
不定代词

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·泰安模拟)As far as I am concerned, cycling is a good solution. For one thing, bicycles don't need any petrol and they are energy­saving. For ， bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won't give off waste gas.
another　[句意：在我看来，骑自行车是一个不错的解决方案。一方面，自行车不需要汽油，并且节能；另一方面，自行车也很环保，因为它们不会释放任何废气。for one thing... for another...表示“一方面……另一方面……”。]
2．(2019·新疆第二次检测)Nowadays reference books have become a problem of great concern for the teachers and the students.
both　[考查固定搭配。固定搭配both...and...意为“两者都”，符合语境，故用both。]
3．(2019·安徽六校联考)I'll spend half of my holiday practising English and the
half learning drawing.
other　[句意：我将花假期的一半时间练习英语，另一半时间学画画。根据句意可知，整个假期分为两半，确定范围为两者，故只能用other。]
4．(2019·福建福州十三中高三期中)Once there lived a rich man who wanted to do for the people of his town.
something　[结合句意可知，此处表示想要为人们做某事，故填 something。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
5．(2019·长春外国语学校模拟)As a child born in a poor village, I know anything outside it.
anything→nothing　[由句意可知，“我出生在一个贫穷的小村庄，对外面的世界一无所知。”此处用nothing表示完全否定。代词anything用在肯定句中时，与everything，all具有相同的意义和用法。在否定句中，not...anything表示全部否定；not...everything或everything...not表示部分否定。]

1．all，both，either，any，none，neither

都
任何一个
都不
部分否定
两者
both
either
neither＝
not either
both和
not连用
三者或
三者以上
all
any
none＝
not any
all和
not连用
The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but neither contained any useful suggestions.
以这个调查为基础，研究团队做了两个报告，但是两个都不包含任何有用的建议。
—When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?
——我什么时候(给你)打电话方便，上午还是下午？
—Either.I'll be in all day.
——都可以，我将一整天都在家。
2．none，nothing，no one/nobody
none
none既指人也指物，后面可接of短语，
一般用来回答how many，how much 和
which的提问
nothing
nothing只指物，后面不能接of短语，
用来回答what的提问
no one/
nobody
no one和nobody只指人不指物，其后
不接of短语，一般回答who的提问
Even if the answer seemed a little strange，nobody but I doubted it.
尽管这个答案好像有点奇怪，但是除了我之外没人怀疑它的正确性。
Niki is always full of ideas，but none is useful to my knowledge.
尼基点子总是很多，但是据我所知，没有一个是有用的。
[易错提醒]　部分否定和全部否定
(1)no one，none，nobody，nothing，not...any/either以及“no＋名词”都表示全部否定；
(2)all，both，everyone/everybody/everything以及“every＋名词”与not 连用时，表示部分否定。
3．the other，another，others，the others
the other
the other指两个人或物中的“另一个”，
常与one连用，构成“one...the other...”
(一个……；另一个……)
another
单独使用，泛指三者或三者以上的人或
物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。常
与one连用，构成one...another...泛指
“一个……另一个……”
others，the
others
others泛指“其余的人或物”，相当于“other
＋可数名词复数”，不能作定语，常构成
some...others...。the others特指“其
余的所有人或物”，相当于“the other＋
可数名词复数”
To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one barefoot against the other.
为了暖和自己，那个海员坐在火堆前，两只光脚丫互相蹭着。
(福建卷)In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in others，knives and forks.
在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。

考点三
it的用法

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·山东东营一模) is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socio­economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system.
It　[句意：人们普遍认为，在我们的教育体制里，社会经济背景不佳的年轻人往往会表现欠佳。it作形式主语，“that young people from poorer socio­economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system”为主语从句，是真正的主语。 ]
2．(2019·河北唐山第一次调研)I realized was foolish to judge AI that way.
it　[句意：我意识到那样判断人工智能是愚蠢的。设空处需用it作形式主语，本句中的to judge AI that way为真正的主语。]
3．(2019·安庆模拟)He admitted that when comes to repairing a computer，he had little knowledge of it.
it　[句意：他承认，当说到维修电脑时，他对此一无所知。when it comes to...意为“当说到……”，为固定句型。故填it。]
4．(2019·重庆模拟)I hate when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk.
it　[句意：我讨厌有人把我桌子上的学习材料弄得乱七八糟。it常常与某些动词连用构成固定句式，例如hate/dislike it when...；appreciate/help it if...等。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
5．(2019·云贵川百校联考)But it's difficult for me to decide what activities we should organize and how to plan it.
第二个it→them　[plan后应跟一个指代前面的activities的代词，为复数形式，作plan的宾语，故应用表复数的宾格代词them。]

1．指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象。还指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。
(北京高考)The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it.
由于当地政府的努力，大城市的就业率不断上升。
[易错提醒]　替代词(it，that，one)的用法区别
it
特指前面提到过的同一个人或物
that
替代上文出现的“the＋不可数名词或单数可数名词”，表特指同类事物中的一个。其复数形式为those
one
替代上文出现的“a/an＋单数可数名词”，表泛指同类事物中的一个。其复数形式为ones

2．it用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。
It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.
对学生来说非常清楚的是他们应该为他们的将来做好准备。
The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.
这两个女孩长得很像，陌生人很难把她们区分开来。
3．含有it的常考短语或句型。
(1)It depends.视情况而定。
Take it easy.别着急。
believe it or not信不信由你
make it成功，做到，约定时间
as someone puts it像某人所说的那样
When it comes to...当涉及/谈到……
keep it in mind that...把……铭记在心
(2)It's (high) time that sb.should do/did sth.是某人该做某事的时候了。
It's the first/second/...time that sb.have/has done sth.是某人第一次/二次/……次做某事。
It is/has been...since...自从……多久了。
It will be/was...before...要过……时间才……
It is/was＋时间点＋when...当……时候，时间是……
(3)It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...
【技法点拨】
在语法填空中：
1．人称、物主、反身代词词类：“成分”是关键
(1)如果句中缺主语，则用人称代词的主格；
(2)如果句中缺宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格；
(3)如果句中缺定语，则用形容词性物主代词；
(4)如果主语和宾语代表同一个人或物，宾语则用反身代词。
2．不定代词类：“范围”要搞清
(1)二者选其一用either；都不选用neither；都选用both；
(2)三者或以上的任何一个用any；都不选用none；都选用all。
3．it类：“指代”要辨明
(1)如果指代上下文同一事物，用it；
(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离用it；
(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语用it。
在短文改错中：
1．分析句子成分，看句中主语或宾语是否有缺失或者多余。如果缺少主语，则需要添加人称代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；如果缺宾语，则可以添加人称代词宾格；如果宾语和主语指同一个人或物，则应用反身代词。
2．检查搭配，看名词前是否需要代词。如果名词前需要代词，则需添加形容词性物主代词。
3．通读全文，通过上下文的语境检查代词指代是否一致。
4．根据句式结构，判断句子是否为it的特殊句式，it作形式主语、形式宾语或在强调句中。一些固定句式中it的用法也要注意。
5．对不定代词的考查主要集中在其指代范围，这就需要分析上下文意义，看代词是肯定还是否定，是指代两者还是三者或三者以上，从而确定不定代词的使用是否合适。


Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·安徽安庆一中模拟)To her joy, Della first earned the trust of her students and then of her colleagues.
that　[这里需要一个代词指代the trust, that可以指代特指的可数名词单数或不可数名词。句意：让她高兴的是，德拉首先赢得了学生的信任，然后是同事的信任。]
2．(2019·河北正定期末)Many singles say the regular dating scene has led them from one bad experience to and are ready to try something else.
another　[空格前为介词，应填名词或代词。结合语义可知，此处填another，表示泛指，意为“从一个不好的经历到另一个不好的经历。”]
3．(2019·甘肃天水一中期末)In fact, there were cases which the bride was beaten by her mother for not crying at the wedding ceremony.
in　[此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。从句中which指代的是先行词cases。根据固定搭配in the case可确定，此处介词填in。]
4．(2019·重庆育才中学月考)Before I got on the bike, I felt extremely nervous and I was afraid that I would fall off and hurt (me)．
myself　[本句中主语与宾语为同一人，形成互指，故使用反身代词作动词hurt的宾语，表示“弄伤了自己”。故答案为myself。]
5．(2019·广东五校协作体第一次联考) (we) products are especially popular with the middle­aged and seniors.
Our　[句意：我们的产品尤其受到中老年人的欢迎。设空处作定语，表示“我们的”，故填形容词性物主代词Our。]
6．(2019·福建福州十三中高三期中) The unnamed woman admitted to regularly playing the game for seven or eight hours without moving and finally lost
(she) right eyesight.
her　[考查人称代词。根据空后的“right eyesight”可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，作定语，故填her。]
7．(2019·江西赣中南五校一模)Dating sites also make easy to avoid someone who you are not interested in.
it　[句意：约会网站还能轻易避开那些你不感兴趣的人。设空处用it作形式宾语，“to avoid someone...”为真正宾语。]
8．(2019·南昌NCS20180607项目一模)The village of Zhouzhuang in Jiangsu calls (it) “the oldest water town in China”．
itself　[考查反身代词。由常识可知，该句意为“江苏周庄自称‘中国最古老的水乡’”。故用反身代词itself作calls的宾语。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2019·九江联考)About two years ago, I worked hard and entered a local key school, which my parents were proud of it.
去掉it　[which引导定语从句，在从句中作be proud of的宾语，故it多余。]
2．(2019·全国百校联盟第一次联考)There were so many people that we had to push their way through the crowd.
their→our　[句意：那里的人如此之多以至于我们不得不挤着穿过人群。根据题干中的we可知需将their改为our。]
3．(2019·福建莆田3月质检)We all liked this activity which gave me relaxation from heavy schoolwork and promoted our friendship.
me→us　[句意：我们都喜欢这项活动，它使我们从繁重的作业中解脱出来而得以放松，并促进了我们的友谊。根据句意尤其是题干中的we, our可知需将me改为us。]
4．(2019·济宁一模)Good families are much to all their members, but something to none.
something→everything　[句意：优秀的家庭对它们的成员们来说意味着许多，但并不是一切。everything to none “并不是全部/一切”。]

Ⅰ.语法填空
(2019·福建厦门质检)Consuming plenty of water helps your body to process foods.When using foods drink at least 2 quarts daily of clean water and 1． (minimum) consumption of all other fluids.
It's easy to pick up bad 2. (habit) with respect to weight loss foods.It is not necessary to starve 3. (your) and suffer from hunger to lose body fat.Remember，however，that all fruits and vegetables contain carbohydrates(碳水化合物)，but they are not all equal.Some fruits and vegetables have far fewer carbohydrates 4. others do.
Use leafy green vegetables or green salad vegetables.For fruits，have a small amount of low carbohydrate fruit such as berries.Other fruits 5. (be) far too high in sugar/fructose/carbohydrate.
Bear in mind that fruit juices are too high 6． fruit sugar—fructose，a type of carbohydrate—and the substances found in fruit 7． help protect against diseases such as bowel cancer—such as fiber，vitamin C and other antioxidants(抗氧化物)—are 8. (main) lost during the processing of fruit juice.
We recommend 9. (consume) up to 25 grams of carbohydrates daily，largely from low carb vegetables and a small number of low carb berries，because they do contain 10. (benefit) phytonutrients(植物营养素) and fiber.
1．minimize　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处与drink并列作谓语，故填动词minimize。]
2．habits　[考查名词的单复数。此处表示在减肥食物方面容易养成坏习惯。habit为可数名词且其前为形容词bad，故用其复数形式。]
3．yourself　[考查代词。此处表示没有必要使自己挨饿。故用your的反身代词yourself。]
4．than　[考查比较级。由空前的“vegetables have far fewer carbohydrates”中的fewer可知，空处应填than。]
5．are　[考查主谓一致和时态。分析句子结构可知，该句主语为other fruits，且描述一般性的情况，所以谓语动词用are。]
6．in　[考查介词。be high in...“含……多”，为固定用法。]
7．which/that　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the substances，关系代词在从句中作主语。故用which/that引导该定语从句。]
8．mainly　[考查词性转换。修饰形容词lost用副词形式，故填mainly。]
9．consuming　[考查非谓语动词。recommend doing sth.“建议做某事”为固定用法，故填consuming。]
10．beneficial　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语修饰其后的名词，故用benefit的形容词形式。]
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2019·东北三省四市教研联合体一模)I was often troubled by lack of confidences.So I applied for a job at an exhibition as reporter last term.The exhibition was held annual to display the latest products in the field of education.At that time, I was responsible for interview parents who bought the learning tools.While talking with him, I found it was not so hard as I think.One lady even praised me but asked her son to learn from me.I realized the experience was in great value and nothing was more excited than communicating with people.
From this experience, I am fully aware that we should take real action if our personality that needs improving.
【答案】　
I was often troubled by lack of .So I applied for a job at an exhibition as reporter last term.The exhibition was held to display the latest products in the field of education.At that time, I was responsible for parents who bought the learning tools.While talking with ， I found it was not so hard as I .One lady even praised me asked her son to learn from me.I realized the experience was great value and nothing was more than communicating with people.
From this experience, I am fully aware that we should take real action if our personality needs improving.