2021版新高考译林英语（江苏专版）一轮教师用书：板块3第1讲代词
展开第1讲 代词
[全国卷考情分析]
题型 | 典题试做 | 命题解读 |
语 法 填 空 | 1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give it/running a try. 2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them (they) alive. 3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using it every day. | 1.考查人称代词的主格和宾格； 2．考查物主代词的基本用法； 3．考查it的基本用法； 4．考查不定代词和替代词的基本用法。 |
考点一 代词的分类
单句语法填空
1．(2019·安庆模拟) At the end of the Qing Dynasty, after closed China came under the influence from abroad, many old hutongs lost ________(they) former neat arrangement.
their [考查代词。根据空后的名词短语“former neat arrangement”可知，空处修饰该名词短语，作定语，故用形容词性物主代词。]
2．(2019·河南洛阳第一次统考)“As soon as he opens ________ (he) mouth and sings in Chinese, the Chinese are very surprised and they feel proud of him，” said his music teacher.
his [考查代词。根据语境mouth和主语he可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his修饰名词mouth，在句中作定语。]
3．(2019·山东师大附中二模)At that moment an attractive young lady who noticed my book came up to me and introduced ________ (her)．
herself [句意：那时，一位迷人的年轻女士注意到了我的书，向我走来并作自我介绍。设空处作宾语，该空处与主语an attractive young lady指同一人，故用反身代词herself。]
4．(2019·重庆第一次调研)There are mainly 3 stone areas. One big area seems to be deep and dark red.________ two areas seem almost yellow and green. It looks as if someone spilled(泼洒) many colors of paint over the huge areas.
Another [考查限定词。根据上文中的3 stone areas和One big area可知，这里用Another。Another two areas表示“另外两个地区”。]
代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词等。
分类 | 单数 | 复数 | |||||
第一 人称 | 第二 人称 | 第三 人称 | 第一 人称 | 第二 人称 | 第三 人称 | ||
人称 代词 | 主格 | I | you | he， she，it | we | you | they |
宾格 | me | you | him， her，it | us | you | them | |
物主 代词 | 形容 词性 | my | your | his， her，its | our | your | their |
名词性 | mine | yours | his， hers，its | ours | yours | theirs | |
反身代词 | my self | your self | himself， herself， itself | our selves | your selves | them selves | |
指示代词 | this，that，such | these，those，such | |||||
相互 代词 | 宾格 | each other，one another | |||||
所有格 | each other's，one another's | ||||||
不 定 代 词 | 普通 不定 代词 | some，any，no，somebody，anybody， nobody，someone，anyone，no one， something，anything，nothing，none |
个体 代词 | all，every，each，other，another，either， neither，both，half，everybody，everyone， everything | |
数量 代词 | many，much，(a)few，(a)little，a lot of， lots of，a great deal，a great many |
疑问代词 | who，whom，whose，which，what |
连接代词 | who，whom，whose，which，what (用法请参阅名词性从句部分) |
关系代词 | who，whom，whose，which，that (用法请参阅定语从句部分) |
考点二 不定代词
单句语法填空
1．(2019·泰安模拟)As far as I am concerned, cycling is a good solution. For one thing, bicycles don't need any petrol and they are energysaving. For ________， bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won't give off waste gas.
another [句意：在我看来，骑自行车是一个不错的解决方案。一方面，自行车不需要汽油，并且节能；另一方面，自行车也很环保，因为它们不会释放任何废气。for one thing... for another...表示“一方面……另一方面……”。]
2．(2019·新疆第二次检测)Nowadays reference books have become a problem of great concern for ________ the teachers and the students.
both [考查固定搭配。固定搭配both...and...意为“两者都”，符合语境，故用both。]
3．(2019·安徽六校联考)I'll spend half of my holiday practising English and the ________ half learning drawing.
other [句意：我将花假期的一半时间练习英语，另一半时间学画画。根据句意可知，整个假期分为两半，确定范围为两者，故只能用other。]
4．(2019·福建福州十三中高三期中)Once there lived a rich man who wanted to do ________ for the people of his town.
something [结合句意可知，此处表示想要为人们做某事，故填 something。]
1．all，both，either，any，none，neither
| 都 | 任何一个 | 都不 | 部分否定 |
两者 | both | either | neither＝ not either | both和 not连用 |
三者或 三者以上 | all | any | none＝ not any | all和 not连用 |
The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but neither contained any useful suggestions.
以这个调查为基础，研究团队做了两个报告，但是两个都不包含任何有用的建议。
—When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?
——我什么时候(给你)打电话方便，上午还是下午？
—Either.I'll be in all day.
——都可以，我将一整天都在家。
2．none，nothing，no one/nobody
none | none既指人也指物，后面可接of短语，一般用来回答how many，how much 和which的提问 |
nothing | nothing只指物，后面不能接of短语，用来回答what的提问 |
no one/ nobody | no one和nobody只指人不指物，其后不接of短语，一般回答who的提问 |
Even if the answer seemed a little strange，nobody but I doubted it.
尽管这个答案好像有点奇怪，但是除了我之外没人怀疑它的正确性。
Niki is always full of ideas，but none is useful to my knowledge.尼基点子总是很多，但是据我所知，没有一个是有用的。
[易错提醒] 部分否定和全部否定 (1)no one，none，nobody，nothing，not...any/either以及“no＋名词”都表示全部否定； (2)all，both，everyone/everybody/everything以及“every＋名词”与not 连用时，表示部分否定。 |
3．the other，another，others，the others
the other | the other指两个人或物中的“另一个”，常与one连用，构成“one...the other...”(一个……；另一个……) |
another | 单独使用，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。常与one连用，构成one...another...泛指“一个……另一个……” |
others，the others | others泛指“其余的人或物”，相当于“other＋可数名词复数”，不能作定语，常构成some...others...。the others特指“其余的所有人或物”，相当于“the other＋可数名词复数” |
To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one barefoot against the other.
为了暖和自己，那个海员坐在火堆前，两只光脚丫互相蹭着。
(福建卷)In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in others，knives and forks.
在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。
考点三 it的用法
单句语法填空
1．(2019·山东东营一模)________ is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system.
It [句意：人们普遍认为，在我们的教育体制里，社会经济背景不佳的年轻人往往会表现欠佳。it作形式主语，“that young people from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system”为主语从句，是真正的主语。 ]
2．(2019·河北唐山第一次调研)I realized ________ was foolish to judge AI that way.
it [句意：我意识到那样判断人工智能是愚蠢的。设空处需用it作形式主语，本句中的to judge AI that way为真正的主语。]
3．(2019·安庆模拟)He admitted that when________ comes to repairing a computer，he had little knowledge of it.
it [句意：他承认，当说到维修电脑时，他对此一无所知。when it comes to...意为“当说到……”，为固定句型。故填it。]
4．(2019·重庆模拟)I hate ________ when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk.
it [句意：我讨厌有人把我桌子上的学习材料弄得乱七八糟。it常常与某些动词连用构成固定句式，例如hate/dislike it when...；appreciate/help it if...等。]
1．指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象。还指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。
(北京高考)The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it.
由于当地政府的努力，大城市的就业率不断上升。
[易错提醒] 替代词(it，that，one)的用法区别
|
2．it用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。
It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.
对学生来说非常清楚的是他们应该为他们的将来做好准备。
The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.
这两个女孩长得很像，陌生人很难把她们区分开来。
3．含有it的常考短语或句型。
(1)It depends.视情况而定。
Take it easy.别着急。
believe it or not信不信由你
make it成功，做到，约定时间
as someone puts it像某人所说的那样
When it comes to...当涉及/谈到……
keep it in mind that...把……铭记在心
(2)It's (high) time that sb.should do/did sth.是某人该做某事的时候了。
It's the first/second/...time that sb.have/has done sth.是某人第一次/二次/……次做某事。
It is/has been...since...自从……多久了。
It will be/was...before...要过……时间才……
It is/was＋时间点＋when...当……时候，时间是……
(3)It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...
【技法点拨】
在语法填空中：
1．人称、物主、反身代词词类：“成分”是关键
(1)如果句中缺主语，则用人称代词的主格；
(2)如果句中缺宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格；
(3)如果句中缺定语，则用形容词性物主代词；
(4)如果主语和宾语代表同一个人或物，宾语则用反身代词。
2．不定代词类：“范围”要搞清
(1)二者选其一用either；都不选用neither；都选用both；
(2)三者或以上的任何一个用any；都不选用none；都选用all。
3．it类：“指代”要辨明
(1)如果指代上下文同一事物，用it；
(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离用it；
(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语用it。
