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2021版高考英语（外研版）一轮复习教师用书：必修53Module3 AdventureinLiteratureandtheCinema
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一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√
biography n． fantasy n.
detective n. murderer n.
shelter n. crawl vi.
trunk n. outline n.
comedy n. romantic adj.
fiction n. shallow adj.
adolescent n. vivid adj.
establish vt.
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．account n． 叙述；描写；报道
2．pour vi. (雨)倾盆而下
3．panic vt. (使)恐慌；(使)惊慌失措
4．tie vt. (用绳、带等)绑，系，拴
5．disturb vt. 打扰
6．review n. (影视、音乐)评论
7．resemble vt. 与……相似
8．exception n. 例外
9．force vt. 强迫；迫使
10．reputation n. 名誉；名望；声望
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．warn vt.警告→warning n．警告
2．solve vt.解决→solution n．解决方案
3．lie vi.说谎；撒谎n.谎言；谎话→liar n．说谎者
4．company n．陪伴；交往n.公司→companion n．同伴；伙伴
5．curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇心
6．determine v．(使)决定→determined adj.坚决的→determination n．决心
7．create vt.塑造；创作→creation n．创作(物)→creative adj.创造性的；有创造力的
8．terrify vt.使害怕，使恐慌→terrified adj.非常害怕的；极度恐慌的→terrifying adj.令人害怕的
9．fright n．恐惧；害怕→frighten v．使……恐惧，害怕→frightening adj.令人害怕的→frightened adj.感到害怕的
1.“动词＋ing”转换为名词
①warning 警告
②understanding 理解
③suffering 痛苦；苦难
④training 训练
⑤saying 谚语
⑥greeting 问候
⑦feeling 感觉
⑧meaning 意义；意思
2.“震惊，害怕”动词一览
①panic (使)恐慌；(使)惊慌失措
②surprise 使惊奇
③amaze 使吃惊
④astonish 使惊讶
⑤frighten 使……恐惧/害怕
⑥scare 惊吓；把……吓跑
⑦terrify 恐吓；使害怕
⑧shock 使震惊
3.盘点“情绪”高频形容词
①terrified 非常害怕的
②frightened 感到害怕的
③confident 自信的
④bored 无聊的；烦人的
⑤ashamed 羞愧的，惭愧的
⑥excited 兴奋的
⑦confused 迷惑不解的
⑧desperate 全然不顾的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．have__connection__with 与……有联系/有关联
2．run__away (秘密地)逃跑；避开
3．play__a__trick__on__sb. 捉弄某人，对某人恶作剧
4．make__up 编造(说法、解释等)
5．be/feel__in__the__mood__(for__sth./to__do__sth.)
有意(做某事)；有(做某事的)心情
6．set__(a__play,__novel,__etc.)__in 设置(戏剧、小说等的)背景
7．to__one’s__astonishment 令某人吃惊的是
8．make__one’s__fortune 发财
9．set__off 出发；启程
10．live/lead__a...life 过着……的生活
1.“v.＋away”短语重点突破
①run away (秘密地)逃跑
②break away 脱离；逃脱
③give away 捐赠；泄露
④put away 把……放回原处
⑤take away 带走；解除
2.“to one’s＋n.”短语荟萃
①to one’s astonishment 令某人大吃一惊的是
②to one’s regret 令某人遗憾的是
③to one’s relief 令某人感到欣慰的是
④to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
3.“v.＋up”短语全扫描
①make up 化妆；组成；编造；和好
②bring up 抚养；提出；呕吐
③call up 打电话；回忆起
④take up 开始从事；占据
⑤break up 破碎；关系破裂
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：as if “似乎，好像”，引导表语从句
“It looks as__if it’ll go under soon，” Jim said, after a couple of minutes.
几分钟后，吉姆说：“看起来它好像很快就要沉下去了。”
句型2：感官动词＋宾语＋宾补
It was quite dark，but I could see__a__man__lying on the floor, tied up with rope.
四周都很黑，但我能看见一个人被绳子捆着正躺在地板上。
句型3：only to find...作结果状语，表示一种想象不到、出乎意料的结果
He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only__to__find__that there were no boats for South America.
他身无分文地来到新奥尔良时，却发现那里没有开往南美洲的船了。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
A．根据汉语提示写出下列单词
1．The dog tied(拴) to the tree in front of the red house is mine.
2．He was too shocked to give an account(叙述) of what had happened.
3．Our company has a good reputation(名誉), solid strength and good aftersales service.
4．They were very curious(好奇的) about the people who lived upstairs.
5．The dog may be a good companion(同伴) for the old. However, the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.
B．根据所给单词写出适当形式
6．When the fire broke out, people panicked(panic) and ran in all directions.
7．She resembles(resemble) her mother in appearance but not in character.
8．The disturbing(disturb) problem drew the attention of the government at once.
9．He was__forced(force) to leave school and support his family at an early age.
10．She gave me a determined(determine) look — the kind of look that said she would never change her mind.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·北京卷)How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls？解决方案
2．(2019·天津卷)Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.求知欲强的
3．(2019·北京卷)Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real.确定
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ) Corn uses less water than rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.引起，产生
Ⅲ.选词成篇
run away; set (a play, novel, etc.) in; be/feel in the mood (for sth./to do sth.); make one’s/a fortune; set off
When hearing there was a chance to 1.make__his__fortune in a town, he 2.was/felt__in__the__mood__for it. And immediately he 3.set__off for the town. But when he arrived there, he found that he had fallen into a trap. Now what he wanted to do was to 4.run__away from the spot.
have connection with; to one’s astonishment; play a trick on sb.; make up; live/lead a．..life
Sometimes 5.playing__a__trick__on others may cause damage to friendship. There were two friends who often 6.had__connection__with each other. But 7.to__our__astonishment,__they split up because of a joke. Fortunately with the misunderstanding cleared up, they 8.made__up again.
Ⅳ.完成语段
We were about to see a film. However, we missed the bus. 1.It__looked__as__if(看上去似乎) we would have to take a taxi. When we arrived at the cinema, we 2.saw__so__many__people__waiting__in__line(看到如此多的人在排队等候) to buy tickets. Unfortunately, we finally reached the window, 3.only__to__be__told(结果被告知) that there were no tickets available.
account n．叙述；描写；报道；账单；账户 v．说明；解释
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷)In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2－3% of total body weight, but it consumes 25% of the body’s energy when the body is at rest.
②(2017·江苏卷)While this book tells the stories of famous people in history, it also gives an account of the lives of lesserknown individuals.
③He had to leave his beloved basketball team on account of his injured legs.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
(高级表达)I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into__account/consideration．
(1)take account of.../take...into account/consideration
把……考虑在内
on account of 因为，由于
on no account 绝不
give an account of 报告；叙述；说明
(2)account for 解释；说明；
(数量，比例上)占
[佳句背诵] The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class. 教授警告学生们绝对不要在他的课堂上使用手机。(2019·天津卷)
[名师点津] on no account意为“绝不”，放在句首时常引起句子的部分倒装，有类似用法的还有by no means, in no way, on no condition, under no circumstances, in no case, at no time等。
lie n．谎言 vi.躺着；说谎；撒谎；位于
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.He lay(lie) awake at night, stressed and worried, thinking about the accident in the daytime.
b．The boy lying on his side told his sister that Japan lies to the east of China.(lie)
②(湖北卷)There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③女孩对她妈妈撒谎说她病了，不能去上学了。
The girl lied__to__her__mum that she was ill and that she couldn’t go to school.
④他仰卧着，脸朝上，头枕在交叉的双手上。
He lay__on__his__back,__with his face up and his hands crossed under his head.
(1)lie in 在于
lie down 躺下
lie on one’s back/side/stomach 仰卧/侧卧/
俯卧
(2)tell a lie 说谎
lie to sb. 对某人说谎
(3)liar n. 说谎者
[名师点津]
词义
原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
说谎
lie
lied
lied
lying
躺；位于
lie
lay
lain
lying
放置；下蛋
lay
laid
laid
laying
warn vt.警告；告诫
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Tom warned us of/against the serious situation in Iraq, and warned us not to__go(go) there to travel.
②(2019·北京卷)How did Moore react to her dad’s warning(warn)?
[能力提升]——一句多译
(天津卷)我的父亲警告我不要去挤满游客的海边。
③My father warned__me__not__to__go__to__the__seaside where it was crowded with tourists.
④My father warned__me__against__going__to__the__seaside where it was crowded with tourists.
(1)warn sb. of/against sth. 提醒/警告某人当心某事
warn sb. not to do/against (doing) sth.
提醒/警告某人不要
做某事
warn sb. thatclause 警告/提醒某人……
(2)warning n. 警告；警报
[佳句背诵] The teacher warned Jane not to lie to him and to account for her absence from class honestly. 老师告诫简不要对他撒谎， 诚实地解释她缺课的原因。
determined adj.坚决的；有决心的；意志坚定的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·天津卷)Driven by heavenknowswhat motives，he determines to write(write) a book.
②a. (安徽卷) Where he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination(determine) to push further and keep on going.
b．She was a brave and determined(determine) girl with rich imagination.
c. (2017·江苏卷)Determining(determine) where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)They were determined to complete the job on time, so they set out to work immediately.
(高级表达)Determined__to__complete__the__job__on__time,__they set out to work immediately.(过去分词短语作状语)
(1)be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
(2)determine v. 决定；(使)下决心
determine to do sth. 决定做某事 (动作)
determine that... 决心/决定……
(3)determination n. 决心
[佳句背诵] It is your efforts, not your intelligence, that determine your success.
决定你成功的是你的努力，而不是你的智力。(湖北卷)
[名师点津] (1)高考中常把determined to do sth.作状语的用法作为考查点，有类似用法的还有lost in, caught in, absorbed in等。
(2)表示“决定做某事”的还有decide to do sth.，make up one’s mind to do sth.。
[词块助记] a determined person 一个有决心的人
a person with determination 一个有决心的人
make up 编造(说法、解释等)，虚构；组成，构成；化妆；和解
[一词多义]——写出下列句中make up的含义
①(天津卷)In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used in daily conversations.组成，构成
②They have quarreled seriously three times but each time they have made up and become best friends again.和好
③She spent an hour making up before the party to look more attractive.化妆
④We don’t like him because he is always making up excuses whenever he makes mistakes.编造
make up for 弥补；偿还
make out 辨认出；理解
make use of 利用
make sense 有意义，讲得通
make up one’s mind (to do) 下决心(做某事)
[佳句背诵] Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy.
西方人应当利用古代的中国智慧来弥补西方哲学的不足。(辽宁卷)
set off 动身，出发；启程；引爆(炸弹等)；燃放(烟火等)；引发
[一词多义]——写出下列句中set off的含义
①(安徽卷)Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.出发
②Do be careful with the fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off.使爆炸
③His rude reply set off a bad feeling of me and I left without saying anything.引起
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(福建卷)你最好每天抽出一些时间运动，以便能够保持精力充沛。
You had better set__aside__some__time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.
set out for sp. 出发去某地
set out to do sth.＝set about doing sth.
开始做某事
set aside 存储；留出
set up 建立；创立
set down 放下；记下；登记
[佳句背诵] Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set about preparing/set out to prepare your business plan.
有这些你收集的信息，你可以着手准备你的商业计划了。(浙江卷)
as if/though “似乎，好像”，引导表语从句
(教材原句)“It looks as if it’ll go under soon，” Jim said, after a couple of minutes.
几分钟后，吉姆说：“看起来它好像很快就要沉下去了。”
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Hurry up! It looks as if the train is__going(go) to move in two minutes.
②(江苏卷)More generally, the Internet functions as if it were(be) my memory.
③(重庆卷)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had__done(do) it?
[能力提升]——句式升级
④(普通表达)She walked here and there on the playground as if she was looking for something.
(高级表达)She walked here and there on the playground as__if__looking__for__something．(省略句)
⑤(普通表达)The boy stood there with his head bent as if he was criticized by the teacher.
(高级表达)The boy stood there with his head bent as__if__criticized__by__the__teacher．(省略句)
(1)as if/as though意为“仿佛，好像”，引导表语从句。常位于be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词之后。
(2)as if/though引导从句，当从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气。其形式如下：
①表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去时；
②表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；
③表示与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would/could/might do。
[名师点津] 如果as if/as though引导的方式状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中有be的某种形式，则省略“从句主语＋be”。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．I warned her not to__walk(walk) on the thin ice but she would not listen to me.
2．He purposely ignored her call because he just didn’t feel like being__disturbed(disturb)．
3．I was in great pain at that moment, but I tried to act as if nothing had__happened(happen).
4．For lack of money, the young man is forced to__earn(earn) money before finishing his education.
5．After two days we finally arrived at the small village, only to__be__told(tell) that the old man had passed away.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．John made up a funny joke to amuse his younger brother who was in deep sorrow for his dead pet.
2．(福建卷)It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.
3．The strength of the book lies in the fact that the material is from classroom experience.
4．Some people think that global warming has connection with human activities.
5．To my astonishment, he still remembered my birthday after we separated for so many years.
维度三 派生词练习
1．The guy is a liar,__who often tells lies. Don’t believe him because he is lying now.(lie)
2．Children are always curious about everything they see and hear. They will ask all kinds of questions curiously. To meet their curiosity,__we’d better answer them.(curious)
3．When I watch a frightening film, I often feel frightened and lie in bed shaking with fright．(fright)
4．Tim BernersLee is a creative man, who has created World Wide Web. His creation is of great use to us.(create)
5．The government issued a warning that the fish might not be fit to eat. They warned that those who ate the fish were likely to get cancer.(warn)
6．From the determined expression on his face, we knew that he was determined to take up the job, which needed great patience and determination．(determine)
维度四 易错混用
1．After the baby stopped crying, she lay him gently down on the bed.lay→laid
2．People gathered round, curiously to know who was qualified for the job.curiously→curious
3．It’s bad manners to play a trick in the disabled; instead, we should care about them.in→on
4．We shouldn’t run away the challenges but face and solve them bravely.在away后加from
5．I still find it terrified to find myself surrounded by large numbers of horses.terrified→terrifying
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
My companions and I were playing in the field one day 1.when a heavy rain began to pour down. It was essential for us to find 2.a shelter, so we set off 3.to__solve(solve) this problem. A lightning came, followed by a thunder, 4.terrifying(terrify) us. My shoelace(鞋带) was loose and I was 5.determined(determine) to lay my toy in my hand on the ground, tying it in panic. We were forced to run 6.away,__but suddenly we saw something 7.lying(lie) on our way home. Frightened, they dared not move on. Ignoring their warning, I wanted to find out what it was 8.curiously(curious). To my 9.astonishment(astonish), it was an injured bird, which we hurried to carry home. Examined by my father, it was not serious and would be OK in a few days. I was very pleased 10.to__look(look) after it.
提能二 话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你是李华，是你校校报英文栏目编辑，请你写一篇短文介绍马克·吐温。要点如下：①简要介绍马克·吐温；②简单进行评价。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)
①马克·吐温享有19世纪最著名的美国小说家之一的名誉。
Mark Twain has__established__a__reputation as one of the bestknown American writers in the nineteenth century.
②他的许多小说以他童年的冒险故事为背景。
Many of his novels were__set__in his childhood adventures.
③他曾经出发去新奥尔良发财，却被迫做了一段时间水手。
He once set__off__for New Orleans to make__a__fortune,__but was__forced__to__work as a sailor for some time.
④他决定描述他的冒险生活，因此创作了大量受人欢迎的小说。
He determined__to__give__an__account__of his adventurous life, thus he created__many__popular__novels．
⑤他的小说语言生动而有趣，这也是他的作品深受全球读者喜爱的原因。
His novels were written in__vivid__and__amusing__language,__which accounted__for the reason why his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world.
2．升级平淡句
⑥用only to do 作结果状语升级句③
He__once__set__off__for__New__Orleans__to__make__a__fortune,__only to__be__forced__to__work as a sailor for some time.
⑦用非谓语动词作状语升级句④
Determined__to__give__an__account__of__his__adventurous__life,__he__created__many__popular__novels.
3．衔接成美文
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One possible version：
Mark Twain has established a reputation as one of the bestknown American writers in the nineteenth century. Many of his novels were set in his childhood adventures. He once set off for New Orleans to make a fortune, only to be forced to work as a sailor for some time. Determined to give an account of his adventurous life, he created many popular novels. His novels were written in vivid and amusing language，which accounted for the reason why his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world.
(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·昆明教学质量检测)
2019 Academy Award for Best Picture Nominations(提名)
Black Panther
Type: Adventure
Running Time: 134 min.
Release Date: February 16, 2018(the United States)
Current rank: ★★★★
Director: Ryan Coogler
Actors: Chadwick Boseman, Michael B. Jordan
With his father having died in Captain America: Civil War, T’Challa is the new ruler of the advanced kingdom of Wakanda. As the king, whenever a challenger for the crown announces his intentions, he must give up his powers and take them on in a physical challenge.
The Favourite
Type: Drama
Running Time: 120 min.
Release Date：November 23, 2018 (the United States)
Current rank: ★★★
Director: Yorgos Lanthimos
Actors: Emma Stone, Rachel Weisz
In the early 18th century, with Britain and France at war, a fragile Queen Anne occupies the throne as her close friend Lady Sarah Churchill governs the country in her stead, while tending to Anne’s ill health and changeable temper.
Green Book
Type: Drama
Running Time: 130 min.
Release Date: November 16, 2018(the United States)
Current rank: ★★★★★
Director: Peter Farrelly
Actors: Viggo Mortensen, Mahershala Ali
Tony Lip, an uneducated ItalianAmerican who’s known for using his fists to get his way, is hired to drive worldclass, famous pianist Don Shirley on a concert tour from Midwest to the Deep South. They must rely on The Negro Motorist Green Book to guide them to the few settlements that were then safe for blacks.
A Star Is Born
Type: Musical
Running Time: 135 min.
Release Date: October 5, 2018(the United States)
Current rank: ★★★★
Director: Bradley Cooper
Actors: Bradley Cooper, Lady Gaga
When country music star Jackson Maine stops at a bar for a drink after a concert, he’s both entertained and attracted by young nightclub singer Ally. He discovers that she writes songs as well as being a talented singer, but hasn’t had a break because of her look.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四部获得2019年度奥斯卡最佳影片奖提名的电影。
1．Which film is the least popular among audience?
A．Black Panther. B．The Favourite.
C．Green Book. D．A Star Is Born.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据各部电影介绍中的“Current rank”可知，The Favourite的星级最少。故选B。
2．The film about the rights of black people belongs to ________.
A．adventure B．musical
C．drama D．comedy
C 解析：细节理解题。根据Green Book部分最后一句中的“that were then safe for blacks”以及“Type: Drama”可知，C项正确。
3．Who works as a director and actor?
A．Ryan Coogler. B．Yorgos Lanthimos.
C．Peter Farrelly. D．Bradley Cooper.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据A Star Is Born部分的内容可知，既是导演又是演员的是Bradley Cooper。
B
(2020·石家庄高三质检)Most dog owners are convinced that their fourlegged friends know exactly what they mean when they use certain words like “sit”， “stay” or “treat”. However, researchers have always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech or if they rely on other information to get the meaning. For example, does the word “fetch” form a picture of a stick or ball in the dog’s mind, or does the dog bring back the object based on the owner’s voice or gesture? A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that “man’s best friend” does indeed know what the owner is saying.
The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball. Once the dogs had mastered the task, they took turns inside a special scanner. The owners then tested their dog’s language skill by first calling out the names of the toys they had been trained to recognize and then saying meaningless words such as “bobbu” and “bodmick” while holding up random objects the dogs hadn’t seen before.
The scans suggested that the parts of the dogs’ brains responsible for processing sounds showed different brain patterns when they heard words they were familiar with, compared with the ones they had never heard before. While that was not enough to prove that the dogs were picturing their toys when they heard the word, it did indicate some sort of recognition. The researchers believe this is an important step in understanding how dogs process language.
Something even more interesting was that the dog’s brains showed a higher level of neural (神经的) activity at the sound of unknown words. This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words. The researchers say the dogs may become cheerful at the sound of new words to try to understand them in the hope of delighting their masters. “Dogs want to please their owners, and perhaps also want to receive praise or food，” says Emory neuroscientist Gregory Berns, senior author of the study.
However, though a pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training. “When people want to teach their dog a trick, they often use spoken commands because that’s what we humans prefer，” Prichard says. “From the dog’s view, however, a visual command might be more effective, helping the dog learn the trick faster.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，狗的确能理解主人说的话。
4．What’s the purpose of the new study?
A．To convince dog owners to understand their dogs.
B．To advise dog owners to treat their dogs kindly.
C．To prove dogs follow owners’ order by listening.
D．To test out how dogs get information from owners.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that ‘man’s best friend’ does indeed know what the owner is saying.”可知，亚特兰大的埃默里大学的科学家进行的一项新研究似乎表明， “人类最好的朋友”确实知道主人在说什么，并结合全文可知，该研究的目的是测试狗是如何理解主人的话的，故D项正确。
5．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?
A．Inform the result of the research.
B．State the process of the research.
C．Stress the importance of the research.
D．Introduce the subjects of the research.
B 解析：写作意图题。根据第二段第一句“The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball.”并结合该段内容可知，该段主要介绍了进行研究的过程，包括让不同品种的狗识别不同材料的两个玩具等，据此可知，该段旨在介绍研究过程，故B项正确。
6．How do human brains and dog brains react to words?
A．Human brains become active in unfamiliar words.
B．Dog brains become delighted at unfamiliar words.
C．Human brains are not sensitive to familiar words.
D．Dog brains show no response to familiar words.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“Something even more interesting...This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words.”可知，对于不熟悉的单词，狗的大脑呈现出高水平的神经活动，而人类的大脑相反，故B项正确。
7．What do scientists advise the owners to do in dog training?
A．Give dogs oral commands.
B．Teach dogs new tricks.
C．Involve sight and smell.
D．Encourage faster learning.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“However, though a pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training.”可知，尽管狗可能理解人类的语言，但科学家们建议使用视觉信号和嗅觉来训练它们，故C项正确。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·山西八校联考)Heroes come in different shapes and sizes. Some are born to give others a __1__. Then there are the people who __2__ happen to be in the right place at the right time. That was the __3__ for John Underwood.
On a cold evening, a storm __4__ near his home. Underwood was heading over to help his sister when the roads were __5__. He saw some other drivers get stuck, so he got out of his truck to help. “My __6__ is that if I have the ability to do good, then I should do it. There should be no __7__，” he said.
Underwood wasn’t out of his __8__ long before he heard a cry. “Someone was __9__， ‘My parents, my parents！’” Moments later, a 12yearold boy ran up to Underwood, saying his parents were __10__ and asked for help.
The Hammonds went to get things from the basement when the walls __11__ to bear the weight of rain and fell down, and they couldn’t __12__. Worse still, the water was rising fast. __13__ was of extreme significance, so Underwood took action at once. Any inappropriate action could add more dangers. Luckily, Underwood had __14__ as a contractor(承包商). “Digging a hole in the living room floor, I knew it’s a __15__ way，” he said.
With physical strength, patience, and a lot of __16__， Underwood saved their lives. He said he did what anyone would do, but that’s not necessarily true. It’s __17__ to put yourself in a dangerous way to rescue another. That’s why the American Red Cross __18__ him. Ann Otto, who was in charge of the 23rd Annual Acts of Courage Awards, said the Awards should __19__ heroes like Underwood who have acted __20__ and selflessly in a time of emergency.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，文中讲述了暴风雨降临时约翰·安德伍德营救遭遇险境的哈蒙德夫妇的故事。
1．A.lesson B．direction
C．hope D．hand
D 解析：根据下文中多次出现的help及文章第一句“Heroes come in different shapes and sizes.”可知，作者认为有人天生乐于助人，所以用hand。give sb. a hand “帮助某人”为固定搭配。
2．A.also B．just
C．often D．even
B 解析：有人只是(just)恰好在恰当的时间出现在恰当的地点。
3．A.role B．concern
C．case D．behavior
C 解析：结合下文安德伍德帮助被困夫妇的事件可知，此处意为约翰·安德伍德就是这样的例子。case“事例，实例”。
4．A.broke B．disappeared
C．returned D．changed
A 解析：结合上文内容可知，此处指暴风雨在他家附近降临(broke)了。
5．A.cleared B．completed
C．repaired D．flooded
D 解析：安德伍德正在去帮助他的妹妹的路上，这时道路被洪水淹没了。下文中的“the water was rising fast”是提示。clear“清除，疏通”；complete“完成，结束”；repair“修理，修补”；flood“为水所淹，被淹没”。
6．A.duty B．fact
C．belief D．advice
C 解析：“如果我有能力去做好事，我就应该去做”，这是安德伍德的信念(belief)。
7．A.arrangement B．wonder
C．excuse D．problem
C 解析：安德伍德认为做好事不应该有任何借口。excuse“借口，理由，辩解”。
8．A.power B．sense
C．house D．vehicle
D 解析：根据上文中的“He saw some other drivers get stuck, so he got out of his truck to help.”可知，此处vehicle符合语境。
9．A.screaming B．working
C．helping D．talking
A 解析：此处指有人高声喊(screaming)：“我的父母！我的父母！”
10．A.ignored B．trapped
C．injured D．missed
B 解析：根据下文的“when the walls...fell down”可知，一个12岁的男孩跑向安德伍德，说他的父母被困住了。trap“困住，使陷于危险中”。
11．A.managed B．failed
C．tried D．struggled
B 解析：哈蒙德夫妇去地下室拿东西，墙壁不能(failed)承受雨水的重量并倒塌了，两人无法脱身(escape)。
12．A.speak B．reunite
C．escape D．survive
C 解析：参见上题解析。
13．A.Time B．Relief
C．Success D．Action
A 解析：根据上文中的“the water was rising fast”和“so Underwood took action at once”可知，时间(Time)至关重要，于是他立即行动起来。
14．A.attitude B．potential
C．confidence D．experience
D 解析：在这种情况下，任何不当的操作都会增加更多的危险。幸运的是，安德伍德有做一名承包商的经验(experience)。
15．A.difficult B．safe
C．creative D．quick
B 解析：安德伍德认为在客厅地板上挖一个洞是一个安全的(safe)方法。此处safe与前面的dangers形成对比。
16．A.bravery B．encouragement
C．anxiety D．responsibility
A 解析：根据下文中的“Underwood saved their lives”和“Ann Otto, who was in charge of the 23rd Annual Acts of Courage Awards...Underwood”可知，安德伍德因勇敢的行为获奖。他凭借体力，耐心和勇气救了哈蒙德夫妇。bravery“勇敢，勇气”；encouragement“鼓舞，鼓励”；anxiety“焦虑，忧虑”；responsibility“责任，负责”。
17．A.impossible B．reasonable
C．hard D．special
C 解析：根据空前的“He said he did what anyone would do, but that’s not necessarily true.”可知，要把自己置于危险的境地去救别人是很难(hard)做到的。
18．A.invited B．honored
C．interviewed D．helped
B 解析：这是美国红十字会把奖项授予他的原因。honor“给……荣誉，表彰”符合语境。
19．A.go to B．come to
C．turn to D．pass to
A 解析：这个奖应该颁给(go to)像安德伍德那样在紧急情况下表现得英勇(courageously)无私的英雄们。
20．A.fortunately B．immediately
C．actively D．courageously
D 解析：参见上题解析。
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√
biography n． fantasy n.
detective n. murderer n.
shelter n. crawl vi.
trunk n. outline n.
comedy n. romantic adj.
fiction n. shallow adj.
adolescent n. vivid adj.
establish vt.
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．account n． 叙述；描写；报道
2．pour vi. (雨)倾盆而下
3．panic vt. (使)恐慌；(使)惊慌失措
4．tie vt. (用绳、带等)绑，系，拴
5．disturb vt. 打扰
6．review n. (影视、音乐)评论
7．resemble vt. 与……相似
8．exception n. 例外
9．force vt. 强迫；迫使
10．reputation n. 名誉；名望；声望
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．warn vt.警告→warning n．警告
2．solve vt.解决→solution n．解决方案
3．lie vi.说谎；撒谎n.谎言；谎话→liar n．说谎者
4．company n．陪伴；交往n.公司→companion n．同伴；伙伴
5．curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇心
6．determine v．(使)决定→determined adj.坚决的→determination n．决心
7．create vt.塑造；创作→creation n．创作(物)→creative adj.创造性的；有创造力的
8．terrify vt.使害怕，使恐慌→terrified adj.非常害怕的；极度恐慌的→terrifying adj.令人害怕的
9．fright n．恐惧；害怕→frighten v．使……恐惧，害怕→frightening adj.令人害怕的→frightened adj.感到害怕的
1.“动词＋ing”转换为名词
①warning 警告
②understanding 理解
③suffering 痛苦；苦难
④training 训练
⑤saying 谚语
⑥greeting 问候
⑦feeling 感觉
⑧meaning 意义；意思
2.“震惊，害怕”动词一览
①panic (使)恐慌；(使)惊慌失措
②surprise 使惊奇
③amaze 使吃惊
④astonish 使惊讶
⑤frighten 使……恐惧/害怕
⑥scare 惊吓；把……吓跑
⑦terrify 恐吓；使害怕
⑧shock 使震惊
3.盘点“情绪”高频形容词
①terrified 非常害怕的
②frightened 感到害怕的
③confident 自信的
④bored 无聊的；烦人的
⑤ashamed 羞愧的，惭愧的
⑥excited 兴奋的
⑦confused 迷惑不解的
⑧desperate 全然不顾的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．have__connection__with 与……有联系/有关联
2．run__away (秘密地)逃跑；避开
3．play__a__trick__on__sb. 捉弄某人，对某人恶作剧
4．make__up 编造(说法、解释等)
5．be/feel__in__the__mood__(for__sth./to__do__sth.)
有意(做某事)；有(做某事的)心情
6．set__(a__play,__novel,__etc.)__in 设置(戏剧、小说等的)背景
7．to__one’s__astonishment 令某人吃惊的是
8．make__one’s__fortune 发财
9．set__off 出发；启程
10．live/lead__a...life 过着……的生活
1.“v.＋away”短语重点突破
①run away (秘密地)逃跑
②break away 脱离；逃脱
③give away 捐赠；泄露
④put away 把……放回原处
⑤take away 带走；解除
2.“to one’s＋n.”短语荟萃
①to one’s astonishment 令某人大吃一惊的是
②to one’s regret 令某人遗憾的是
③to one’s relief 令某人感到欣慰的是
④to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
3.“v.＋up”短语全扫描
①make up 化妆；组成；编造；和好
②bring up 抚养；提出；呕吐
③call up 打电话；回忆起
④take up 开始从事；占据
⑤break up 破碎；关系破裂
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：as if “似乎，好像”，引导表语从句
“It looks as__if it’ll go under soon，” Jim said, after a couple of minutes.
几分钟后，吉姆说：“看起来它好像很快就要沉下去了。”
句型2：感官动词＋宾语＋宾补
It was quite dark，but I could see__a__man__lying on the floor, tied up with rope.
四周都很黑，但我能看见一个人被绳子捆着正躺在地板上。
句型3：only to find...作结果状语，表示一种想象不到、出乎意料的结果
He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only__to__find__that there were no boats for South America.
他身无分文地来到新奥尔良时，却发现那里没有开往南美洲的船了。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
A．根据汉语提示写出下列单词
1．The dog tied(拴) to the tree in front of the red house is mine.
2．He was too shocked to give an account(叙述) of what had happened.
3．Our company has a good reputation(名誉), solid strength and good aftersales service.
4．They were very curious(好奇的) about the people who lived upstairs.
5．The dog may be a good companion(同伴) for the old. However, the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.
B．根据所给单词写出适当形式
6．When the fire broke out, people panicked(panic) and ran in all directions.
7．She resembles(resemble) her mother in appearance but not in character.
8．The disturbing(disturb) problem drew the attention of the government at once.
9．He was__forced(force) to leave school and support his family at an early age.
10．She gave me a determined(determine) look — the kind of look that said she would never change her mind.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·北京卷)How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls？解决方案
2．(2019·天津卷)Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.求知欲强的
3．(2019·北京卷)Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real.确定
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ) Corn uses less water than rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.引起，产生
Ⅲ.选词成篇
run away; set (a play, novel, etc.) in; be/feel in the mood (for sth./to do sth.); make one’s/a fortune; set off
When hearing there was a chance to 1.make__his__fortune in a town, he 2.was/felt__in__the__mood__for it. And immediately he 3.set__off for the town. But when he arrived there, he found that he had fallen into a trap. Now what he wanted to do was to 4.run__away from the spot.
have connection with; to one’s astonishment; play a trick on sb.; make up; live/lead a．..life
Sometimes 5.playing__a__trick__on others may cause damage to friendship. There were two friends who often 6.had__connection__with each other. But 7.to__our__astonishment,__they split up because of a joke. Fortunately with the misunderstanding cleared up, they 8.made__up again.
Ⅳ.完成语段
We were about to see a film. However, we missed the bus. 1.It__looked__as__if(看上去似乎) we would have to take a taxi. When we arrived at the cinema, we 2.saw__so__many__people__waiting__in__line(看到如此多的人在排队等候) to buy tickets. Unfortunately, we finally reached the window, 3.only__to__be__told(结果被告知) that there were no tickets available.
account n．叙述；描写；报道；账单；账户 v．说明；解释
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷)In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2－3% of total body weight, but it consumes 25% of the body’s energy when the body is at rest.
②(2017·江苏卷)While this book tells the stories of famous people in history, it also gives an account of the lives of lesserknown individuals.
③He had to leave his beloved basketball team on account of his injured legs.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
(高级表达)I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into__account/consideration．
(1)take account of.../take...into account/consideration
把……考虑在内
on account of 因为，由于
on no account 绝不
give an account of 报告；叙述；说明
(2)account for 解释；说明；
(数量，比例上)占
[佳句背诵] The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class. 教授警告学生们绝对不要在他的课堂上使用手机。(2019·天津卷)
[名师点津] on no account意为“绝不”，放在句首时常引起句子的部分倒装，有类似用法的还有by no means, in no way, on no condition, under no circumstances, in no case, at no time等。
lie n．谎言 vi.躺着；说谎；撒谎；位于
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.He lay(lie) awake at night, stressed and worried, thinking about the accident in the daytime.
b．The boy lying on his side told his sister that Japan lies to the east of China.(lie)
②(湖北卷)There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③女孩对她妈妈撒谎说她病了，不能去上学了。
The girl lied__to__her__mum that she was ill and that she couldn’t go to school.
④他仰卧着，脸朝上，头枕在交叉的双手上。
He lay__on__his__back,__with his face up and his hands crossed under his head.
(1)lie in 在于
lie down 躺下
lie on one’s back/side/stomach 仰卧/侧卧/
俯卧
(2)tell a lie 说谎
lie to sb. 对某人说谎
(3)liar n. 说谎者
[名师点津]
词义
原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
说谎
lie
lied
lied
lying
躺；位于
lie
lay
lain
lying
放置；下蛋
lay
laid
laid
laying
warn vt.警告；告诫
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Tom warned us of/against the serious situation in Iraq, and warned us not to__go(go) there to travel.
②(2019·北京卷)How did Moore react to her dad’s warning(warn)?
[能力提升]——一句多译
(天津卷)我的父亲警告我不要去挤满游客的海边。
③My father warned__me__not__to__go__to__the__seaside where it was crowded with tourists.
④My father warned__me__against__going__to__the__seaside where it was crowded with tourists.
(1)warn sb. of/against sth. 提醒/警告某人当心某事
warn sb. not to do/against (doing) sth.
提醒/警告某人不要
做某事
warn sb. thatclause 警告/提醒某人……
(2)warning n. 警告；警报
[佳句背诵] The teacher warned Jane not to lie to him and to account for her absence from class honestly. 老师告诫简不要对他撒谎， 诚实地解释她缺课的原因。
determined adj.坚决的；有决心的；意志坚定的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·天津卷)Driven by heavenknowswhat motives，he determines to write(write) a book.
②a. (安徽卷) Where he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination(determine) to push further and keep on going.
b．She was a brave and determined(determine) girl with rich imagination.
c. (2017·江苏卷)Determining(determine) where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)They were determined to complete the job on time, so they set out to work immediately.
(高级表达)Determined__to__complete__the__job__on__time,__they set out to work immediately.(过去分词短语作状语)
(1)be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
(2)determine v. 决定；(使)下决心
determine to do sth. 决定做某事 (动作)
determine that... 决心/决定……
(3)determination n. 决心
[佳句背诵] It is your efforts, not your intelligence, that determine your success.
决定你成功的是你的努力，而不是你的智力。(湖北卷)
[名师点津] (1)高考中常把determined to do sth.作状语的用法作为考查点，有类似用法的还有lost in, caught in, absorbed in等。
(2)表示“决定做某事”的还有decide to do sth.，make up one’s mind to do sth.。
[词块助记] a determined person 一个有决心的人
a person with determination 一个有决心的人
make up 编造(说法、解释等)，虚构；组成，构成；化妆；和解
[一词多义]——写出下列句中make up的含义
①(天津卷)In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used in daily conversations.组成，构成
②They have quarreled seriously three times but each time they have made up and become best friends again.和好
③She spent an hour making up before the party to look more attractive.化妆
④We don’t like him because he is always making up excuses whenever he makes mistakes.编造
make up for 弥补；偿还
make out 辨认出；理解
make use of 利用
make sense 有意义，讲得通
make up one’s mind (to do) 下决心(做某事)
[佳句背诵] Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy.
西方人应当利用古代的中国智慧来弥补西方哲学的不足。(辽宁卷)
set off 动身，出发；启程；引爆(炸弹等)；燃放(烟火等)；引发
[一词多义]——写出下列句中set off的含义
①(安徽卷)Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.出发
②Do be careful with the fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off.使爆炸
③His rude reply set off a bad feeling of me and I left without saying anything.引起
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(福建卷)你最好每天抽出一些时间运动，以便能够保持精力充沛。
You had better set__aside__some__time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.
set out for sp. 出发去某地
set out to do sth.＝set about doing sth.
开始做某事
set aside 存储；留出
set up 建立；创立
set down 放下；记下；登记
[佳句背诵] Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set about preparing/set out to prepare your business plan.
有这些你收集的信息，你可以着手准备你的商业计划了。(浙江卷)
as if/though “似乎，好像”，引导表语从句
(教材原句)“It looks as if it’ll go under soon，” Jim said, after a couple of minutes.
几分钟后，吉姆说：“看起来它好像很快就要沉下去了。”
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Hurry up! It looks as if the train is__going(go) to move in two minutes.
②(江苏卷)More generally, the Internet functions as if it were(be) my memory.
③(重庆卷)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had__done(do) it?
[能力提升]——句式升级
④(普通表达)She walked here and there on the playground as if she was looking for something.
(高级表达)She walked here and there on the playground as__if__looking__for__something．(省略句)
⑤(普通表达)The boy stood there with his head bent as if he was criticized by the teacher.
(高级表达)The boy stood there with his head bent as__if__criticized__by__the__teacher．(省略句)
(1)as if/as though意为“仿佛，好像”，引导表语从句。常位于be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词之后。
(2)as if/though引导从句，当从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气。其形式如下：
①表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去时；
②表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；
③表示与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would/could/might do。
[名师点津] 如果as if/as though引导的方式状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中有be的某种形式，则省略“从句主语＋be”。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．I warned her not to__walk(walk) on the thin ice but she would not listen to me.
2．He purposely ignored her call because he just didn’t feel like being__disturbed(disturb)．
3．I was in great pain at that moment, but I tried to act as if nothing had__happened(happen).
4．For lack of money, the young man is forced to__earn(earn) money before finishing his education.
5．After two days we finally arrived at the small village, only to__be__told(tell) that the old man had passed away.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．John made up a funny joke to amuse his younger brother who was in deep sorrow for his dead pet.
2．(福建卷)It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.
3．The strength of the book lies in the fact that the material is from classroom experience.
4．Some people think that global warming has connection with human activities.
5．To my astonishment, he still remembered my birthday after we separated for so many years.
维度三 派生词练习
1．The guy is a liar,__who often tells lies. Don’t believe him because he is lying now.(lie)
2．Children are always curious about everything they see and hear. They will ask all kinds of questions curiously. To meet their curiosity,__we’d better answer them.(curious)
3．When I watch a frightening film, I often feel frightened and lie in bed shaking with fright．(fright)
4．Tim BernersLee is a creative man, who has created World Wide Web. His creation is of great use to us.(create)
5．The government issued a warning that the fish might not be fit to eat. They warned that those who ate the fish were likely to get cancer.(warn)
6．From the determined expression on his face, we knew that he was determined to take up the job, which needed great patience and determination．(determine)
维度四 易错混用
1．After the baby stopped crying, she lay him gently down on the bed.lay→laid
2．People gathered round, curiously to know who was qualified for the job.curiously→curious
3．It’s bad manners to play a trick in the disabled; instead, we should care about them.in→on
4．We shouldn’t run away the challenges but face and solve them bravely.在away后加from
5．I still find it terrified to find myself surrounded by large numbers of horses.terrified→terrifying
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
My companions and I were playing in the field one day 1.when a heavy rain began to pour down. It was essential for us to find 2.a shelter, so we set off 3.to__solve(solve) this problem. A lightning came, followed by a thunder, 4.terrifying(terrify) us. My shoelace(鞋带) was loose and I was 5.determined(determine) to lay my toy in my hand on the ground, tying it in panic. We were forced to run 6.away,__but suddenly we saw something 7.lying(lie) on our way home. Frightened, they dared not move on. Ignoring their warning, I wanted to find out what it was 8.curiously(curious). To my 9.astonishment(astonish), it was an injured bird, which we hurried to carry home. Examined by my father, it was not serious and would be OK in a few days. I was very pleased 10.to__look(look) after it.
提能二 话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你是李华，是你校校报英文栏目编辑，请你写一篇短文介绍马克·吐温。要点如下：①简要介绍马克·吐温；②简单进行评价。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)
①马克·吐温享有19世纪最著名的美国小说家之一的名誉。
Mark Twain has__established__a__reputation as one of the bestknown American writers in the nineteenth century.
②他的许多小说以他童年的冒险故事为背景。
Many of his novels were__set__in his childhood adventures.
③他曾经出发去新奥尔良发财，却被迫做了一段时间水手。
He once set__off__for New Orleans to make__a__fortune,__but was__forced__to__work as a sailor for some time.
④他决定描述他的冒险生活，因此创作了大量受人欢迎的小说。
He determined__to__give__an__account__of his adventurous life, thus he created__many__popular__novels．
⑤他的小说语言生动而有趣，这也是他的作品深受全球读者喜爱的原因。
His novels were written in__vivid__and__amusing__language,__which accounted__for the reason why his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world.
2．升级平淡句
⑥用only to do 作结果状语升级句③
He__once__set__off__for__New__Orleans__to__make__a__fortune,__only to__be__forced__to__work as a sailor for some time.
⑦用非谓语动词作状语升级句④
Determined__to__give__an__account__of__his__adventurous__life,__he__created__many__popular__novels.
3．衔接成美文
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One possible version：
Mark Twain has established a reputation as one of the bestknown American writers in the nineteenth century. Many of his novels were set in his childhood adventures. He once set off for New Orleans to make a fortune, only to be forced to work as a sailor for some time. Determined to give an account of his adventurous life, he created many popular novels. His novels were written in vivid and amusing language，which accounted for the reason why his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world.
(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·昆明教学质量检测)
2019 Academy Award for Best Picture Nominations(提名)
Black Panther
Type: Adventure
Running Time: 134 min.
Release Date: February 16, 2018(the United States)
Current rank: ★★★★
Director: Ryan Coogler
Actors: Chadwick Boseman, Michael B. Jordan
With his father having died in Captain America: Civil War, T’Challa is the new ruler of the advanced kingdom of Wakanda. As the king, whenever a challenger for the crown announces his intentions, he must give up his powers and take them on in a physical challenge.
The Favourite
Type: Drama
Running Time: 120 min.
Release Date：November 23, 2018 (the United States)
Current rank: ★★★
Director: Yorgos Lanthimos
Actors: Emma Stone, Rachel Weisz
In the early 18th century, with Britain and France at war, a fragile Queen Anne occupies the throne as her close friend Lady Sarah Churchill governs the country in her stead, while tending to Anne’s ill health and changeable temper.
Green Book
Type: Drama
Running Time: 130 min.
Release Date: November 16, 2018(the United States)
Current rank: ★★★★★
Director: Peter Farrelly
Actors: Viggo Mortensen, Mahershala Ali
Tony Lip, an uneducated ItalianAmerican who’s known for using his fists to get his way, is hired to drive worldclass, famous pianist Don Shirley on a concert tour from Midwest to the Deep South. They must rely on The Negro Motorist Green Book to guide them to the few settlements that were then safe for blacks.
A Star Is Born
Type: Musical
Running Time: 135 min.
Release Date: October 5, 2018(the United States)
Current rank: ★★★★
Director: Bradley Cooper
Actors: Bradley Cooper, Lady Gaga
When country music star Jackson Maine stops at a bar for a drink after a concert, he’s both entertained and attracted by young nightclub singer Ally. He discovers that she writes songs as well as being a talented singer, but hasn’t had a break because of her look.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四部获得2019年度奥斯卡最佳影片奖提名的电影。
1．Which film is the least popular among audience?
A．Black Panther. B．The Favourite.
C．Green Book. D．A Star Is Born.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据各部电影介绍中的“Current rank”可知，The Favourite的星级最少。故选B。
2．The film about the rights of black people belongs to ________.
A．adventure B．musical
C．drama D．comedy
C 解析：细节理解题。根据Green Book部分最后一句中的“that were then safe for blacks”以及“Type: Drama”可知，C项正确。
3．Who works as a director and actor?
A．Ryan Coogler. B．Yorgos Lanthimos.
C．Peter Farrelly. D．Bradley Cooper.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据A Star Is Born部分的内容可知，既是导演又是演员的是Bradley Cooper。
B
(2020·石家庄高三质检)Most dog owners are convinced that their fourlegged friends know exactly what they mean when they use certain words like “sit”， “stay” or “treat”. However, researchers have always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech or if they rely on other information to get the meaning. For example, does the word “fetch” form a picture of a stick or ball in the dog’s mind, or does the dog bring back the object based on the owner’s voice or gesture? A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that “man’s best friend” does indeed know what the owner is saying.
The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball. Once the dogs had mastered the task, they took turns inside a special scanner. The owners then tested their dog’s language skill by first calling out the names of the toys they had been trained to recognize and then saying meaningless words such as “bobbu” and “bodmick” while holding up random objects the dogs hadn’t seen before.
The scans suggested that the parts of the dogs’ brains responsible for processing sounds showed different brain patterns when they heard words they were familiar with, compared with the ones they had never heard before. While that was not enough to prove that the dogs were picturing their toys when they heard the word, it did indicate some sort of recognition. The researchers believe this is an important step in understanding how dogs process language.
Something even more interesting was that the dog’s brains showed a higher level of neural (神经的) activity at the sound of unknown words. This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words. The researchers say the dogs may become cheerful at the sound of new words to try to understand them in the hope of delighting their masters. “Dogs want to please their owners, and perhaps also want to receive praise or food，” says Emory neuroscientist Gregory Berns, senior author of the study.
However, though a pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training. “When people want to teach their dog a trick, they often use spoken commands because that’s what we humans prefer，” Prichard says. “From the dog’s view, however, a visual command might be more effective, helping the dog learn the trick faster.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，狗的确能理解主人说的话。
4．What’s the purpose of the new study?
A．To convince dog owners to understand their dogs.
B．To advise dog owners to treat their dogs kindly.
C．To prove dogs follow owners’ order by listening.
D．To test out how dogs get information from owners.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that ‘man’s best friend’ does indeed know what the owner is saying.”可知，亚特兰大的埃默里大学的科学家进行的一项新研究似乎表明， “人类最好的朋友”确实知道主人在说什么，并结合全文可知，该研究的目的是测试狗是如何理解主人的话的，故D项正确。
5．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?
A．Inform the result of the research.
B．State the process of the research.
C．Stress the importance of the research.
D．Introduce the subjects of the research.
B 解析：写作意图题。根据第二段第一句“The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball.”并结合该段内容可知，该段主要介绍了进行研究的过程，包括让不同品种的狗识别不同材料的两个玩具等，据此可知，该段旨在介绍研究过程，故B项正确。
6．How do human brains and dog brains react to words?
A．Human brains become active in unfamiliar words.
B．Dog brains become delighted at unfamiliar words.
C．Human brains are not sensitive to familiar words.
D．Dog brains show no response to familiar words.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“Something even more interesting...This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words.”可知，对于不熟悉的单词，狗的大脑呈现出高水平的神经活动，而人类的大脑相反，故B项正确。
7．What do scientists advise the owners to do in dog training?
A．Give dogs oral commands.
B．Teach dogs new tricks.
C．Involve sight and smell.
D．Encourage faster learning.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“However, though a pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training.”可知，尽管狗可能理解人类的语言，但科学家们建议使用视觉信号和嗅觉来训练它们，故C项正确。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·山西八校联考)Heroes come in different shapes and sizes. Some are born to give others a __1__. Then there are the people who __2__ happen to be in the right place at the right time. That was the __3__ for John Underwood.
On a cold evening, a storm __4__ near his home. Underwood was heading over to help his sister when the roads were __5__. He saw some other drivers get stuck, so he got out of his truck to help. “My __6__ is that if I have the ability to do good, then I should do it. There should be no __7__，” he said.
Underwood wasn’t out of his __8__ long before he heard a cry. “Someone was __9__， ‘My parents, my parents！’” Moments later, a 12yearold boy ran up to Underwood, saying his parents were __10__ and asked for help.
The Hammonds went to get things from the basement when the walls __11__ to bear the weight of rain and fell down, and they couldn’t __12__. Worse still, the water was rising fast. __13__ was of extreme significance, so Underwood took action at once. Any inappropriate action could add more dangers. Luckily, Underwood had __14__ as a contractor(承包商). “Digging a hole in the living room floor, I knew it’s a __15__ way，” he said.
With physical strength, patience, and a lot of __16__， Underwood saved their lives. He said he did what anyone would do, but that’s not necessarily true. It’s __17__ to put yourself in a dangerous way to rescue another. That’s why the American Red Cross __18__ him. Ann Otto, who was in charge of the 23rd Annual Acts of Courage Awards, said the Awards should __19__ heroes like Underwood who have acted __20__ and selflessly in a time of emergency.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，文中讲述了暴风雨降临时约翰·安德伍德营救遭遇险境的哈蒙德夫妇的故事。
1．A.lesson B．direction
C．hope D．hand
D 解析：根据下文中多次出现的help及文章第一句“Heroes come in different shapes and sizes.”可知，作者认为有人天生乐于助人，所以用hand。give sb. a hand “帮助某人”为固定搭配。
2．A.also B．just
C．often D．even
B 解析：有人只是(just)恰好在恰当的时间出现在恰当的地点。
3．A.role B．concern
C．case D．behavior
C 解析：结合下文安德伍德帮助被困夫妇的事件可知，此处意为约翰·安德伍德就是这样的例子。case“事例，实例”。
4．A.broke B．disappeared
C．returned D．changed
A 解析：结合上文内容可知，此处指暴风雨在他家附近降临(broke)了。
5．A.cleared B．completed
C．repaired D．flooded
D 解析：安德伍德正在去帮助他的妹妹的路上，这时道路被洪水淹没了。下文中的“the water was rising fast”是提示。clear“清除，疏通”；complete“完成，结束”；repair“修理，修补”；flood“为水所淹，被淹没”。
6．A.duty B．fact
C．belief D．advice
C 解析：“如果我有能力去做好事，我就应该去做”，这是安德伍德的信念(belief)。
7．A.arrangement B．wonder
C．excuse D．problem
C 解析：安德伍德认为做好事不应该有任何借口。excuse“借口，理由，辩解”。
8．A.power B．sense
C．house D．vehicle
D 解析：根据上文中的“He saw some other drivers get stuck, so he got out of his truck to help.”可知，此处vehicle符合语境。
9．A.screaming B．working
C．helping D．talking
A 解析：此处指有人高声喊(screaming)：“我的父母！我的父母！”
10．A.ignored B．trapped
C．injured D．missed
B 解析：根据下文的“when the walls...fell down”可知，一个12岁的男孩跑向安德伍德，说他的父母被困住了。trap“困住，使陷于危险中”。
11．A.managed B．failed
C．tried D．struggled
B 解析：哈蒙德夫妇去地下室拿东西，墙壁不能(failed)承受雨水的重量并倒塌了，两人无法脱身(escape)。
12．A.speak B．reunite
C．escape D．survive
C 解析：参见上题解析。
13．A.Time B．Relief
C．Success D．Action
A 解析：根据上文中的“the water was rising fast”和“so Underwood took action at once”可知，时间(Time)至关重要，于是他立即行动起来。
14．A.attitude B．potential
C．confidence D．experience
D 解析：在这种情况下，任何不当的操作都会增加更多的危险。幸运的是，安德伍德有做一名承包商的经验(experience)。
15．A.difficult B．safe
C．creative D．quick
B 解析：安德伍德认为在客厅地板上挖一个洞是一个安全的(safe)方法。此处safe与前面的dangers形成对比。
16．A.bravery B．encouragement
C．anxiety D．responsibility
A 解析：根据下文中的“Underwood saved their lives”和“Ann Otto, who was in charge of the 23rd Annual Acts of Courage Awards...Underwood”可知，安德伍德因勇敢的行为获奖。他凭借体力，耐心和勇气救了哈蒙德夫妇。bravery“勇敢，勇气”；encouragement“鼓舞，鼓励”；anxiety“焦虑，忧虑”；responsibility“责任，负责”。
17．A.impossible B．reasonable
C．hard D．special
C 解析：根据空前的“He said he did what anyone would do, but that’s not necessarily true.”可知，要把自己置于危险的境地去救别人是很难(hard)做到的。
18．A.invited B．honored
C．interviewed D．helped
B 解析：这是美国红十字会把奖项授予他的原因。honor“给……荣誉，表彰”符合语境。
19．A.go to B．come to
C．turn to D．pass to
A 解析：这个奖应该颁给(go to)像安德伍德那样在紧急情况下表现得英勇(courageously)无私的英雄们。
20．A.fortunately B．immediately
C．actively D．courageously
D 解析：参见上题解析。
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