沪教牛津版（2024）九年级上册（2024）Section 2 Exploring and applying rules (Grammar)第3课时精练

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一、学习目标
1. 能识别并区分英语六种基本句型：S+V, S+V+O, S+V+O+O, S+V+O+C, S+V+C, There be
2. 能运用六种句型造出语法正确的句子
3. 能在语境中分析句子结构，判断其属于哪种基本句型
二、重点
• 六种基本句型的结构特征与区分方法
• S+V+O+O 中 t/fr 的转换规则
• There be 句型中 be 动词与就近主语的一致性
三、难点
• 区分 S+V+O+C 与 S+V+O+O（宾语补足语 vs 间接宾语）
• 区分 S+V+O 与 S+V+C（及物动词 vs 系动词）
• There be 句型中 be 动词的单复数形式
字词与词汇
学习支架
Six Basic Sentence Structures
S+V+O+O Transfrmatin Rules
四、知识要点
1. S+V (Subject + Intransitive Verb)
The S+V structure cntains nly a subject and an intransitive verb. N bject is needed. Examples: 'The wind was blwing.' / 'I saw the ld man fall n the grund.' (Nte: 'fall' here is used intransitively.)
2. S+V+O (Subject + Transitive Verb + Object)
The S+V+O structure requires a transitive verb and an bject. The bject receives the actin. Examples: 'I saw an ld man.' / 'Suddenly, a mtrbike came and hit the ld man.'
3. S+V+O+O (Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object)
The S+V+O+O structure has tw bjects: the indirect bject (usually a persn) and the direct bject (usually a thing). When the indirect bject cmes after the direct bject, use 't' (fr receiver) r 'fr' (fr beneficiary). Example: 'The ld man gave me his daughter's phne number.' = 'The ld man gave his daughter's phne number t me.'
4. S+V+O+C (Subject + Verb + Object + Cmplement)
The S+V+O+C structure includes a cmplement that describes r changes the bject. The cmplement is essential t cmplete the meaning. Example: 'I saw the ld man fall n the grund.' Here 'fall n the grund' cmplements the bject 'the ld man'.
5. S+V+C (Subject + Linking Verb + Cmplement)
The S+V+C structure uses a linking verb (be, seem, lk, feel, becme, etc.) t cnnect the subject with its cmplement. The cmplement describes the subject. Example: 'It was cld.' / 'The ld man was crssing the street.' (Nte: prgressive tense can lk like S+V but 'be crssing' shws the verb phrase is linking.)
6. There be Structure
There be expresses existence r presence. The verb 'be' agrees with the nearest nun (就近原则). Usually includes an adverbial f time r place. Examples: 'There were nt many peple in the street.' / 'There was little traffic at that time.'
五、典型例题
【例1】
Identify the sentence structure f each sentence:
(1) The wind was blwing.
(2) I saw an ld man.
(3) The ld man gave me his daughter's phne number.
(4) They called him a her.
(5) It was cld.
(6) There were nt many peple in the street.
【解答】(1) S+V (2) S+V+O (3) S+V+O+O (4) S+V+O+C (5) S+V+C (6) There be
【点拨】Lk at the verb: is it transitive r intransitive? Des it need an bject? Des the sentence have tw bjects r a cmplement?
同 步 练 习
★ 基础巩固
1. Identify the sentence structure: 'Last night, I went ut fr a walk.'
A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+C D. S+V+O+O
2. Identify the sentence structure: 'I saw an ld man.'
A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+C D. S+V+O+C
3. Identify the sentence structure: 'It was cld.'
A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+C D. There be
4. Identify the sentence structure: 'The ld man gave me his daughter's phne number.'
A. S+V+O B. S+V+O+O C. S+V+O+C D. S+V+C
5. Identify the sentence structure: 'We made him captain.'
A. S+V+O B. S+V+O+O C. S+V+O+C D. S+V+C
6. Identify the sentence structure: 'There was little traffic at that time.'
A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+C D. There be
7. Which sentence uses the S+V+O+O structure?
A. She lks happy.
B. My mther bught a new cat fr me.
C. The wind was blwing.
D. There is a bk n the desk.
8. Cmplete each sentence and identify the structure (S+V, S+V+O, S+V+O+O, S+V+O+C, S+V+C, There be).
(1) The children ______ in the park every afternn. (play) → Structure: ______
(2) She ______ a beautiful sng at the cncert. (sing) → Structure: ______
(3) The teacher ______ us ______ hmewrk. (give / much) → Structure: ______
(4) The news ______ everyne ______. (make / surprised) → Structure: ______
(5) The sup ______ delicius. (taste) → Structure: ______
(6) ______ many students ______ in the classrm. (be / study) → Structure: ______
(7) He ______ his mther a birthday card. (make) → Structure: ______
(8) The sky ______ dark and cludy. (becme) → Structure: ______
★★ 能力提升
9. Rewrite the sentences by mving the indirect bject after the direct bject. Use 't' r 'fr'.
(1) She gave me a gift. → She gave ______ ______.
(2) My father bught me a bike. → My father bught ______ ______.
(3) He shwed us the way. → He shwed ______ ______.
(4) The teacher taught us English. → The teacher taught ______ ______.
(5) I cked my family dinner. → I cked ______ ______.
(6) She sent her friend a message. → She sent ______ ______.
10. Chse the crrect frm f 'there be'.
(1) There ______ a bk and tw pens n the desk.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
(2) There ______ sme milk in the fridge.
A. are B. is C. have D. has
(3) There ______ many peple at the party last night.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
(4) There ______ ging t be a meeting tmrrw.
A. is B. are C. will D. was
11. Read the stry and identify the sentence structure f each bld sentence.
Liu Lei is a junir high schl student. He visited his best friend Xia Chen n Saturday. (1) They played basketball in the park. (2) The weather was fine. (3) There were many peple in the park. (4) Liu Lei gave Xia Chen a bttle f water. (5) Xia Chen felt very happy. (6) They made the afternn wnderful.
Identify each structure:
(1) ______ (2) ______ (3) ______ (4) ______ (5) ______ (6) ______
12. Find and crrect the errr in each sentence.
(1) There is tw cats under the tree. → ______
(2) She gave t me a nice present. → ______
(3) The cake smells well. → ______
(4) There have a library in ur schl. → ______
(5) We all made him mnitr. → Is this crrect? If s, write ✓; if nt, crrect it. → ______
★★★ 拓展延伸
13. Write a shrt stry (60-80 wrds) abut a teenager's day at schl. Yu must use ALL SIX sentence structures (S+V, S+V+O, S+V+O+O, S+V+O+C, S+V+C, There be). Label each sentence with its structure in brackets.
Example start: Tm gt up early this mrning. (S+V)
参 考 答 案
第1题：A
【解析】A正确。句子"Last night, I went ut fr a walk."中，主语为I，动词went ut为不及物动词短语，fr a walk为介词短语作状语，没有宾语，属于S+V结构。选项B错误，没有宾语；选项C错误，没有系动词接表语；选项D错误，没有双宾语。
第2题：B
【解析】B正确。句子"I saw an ld man."中，saw为及物动词，an ld man为宾语，属于S+V+O结构。选项A错误，saw是及物动词需要宾语；选项C错误，没有系动词；选项D错误，没有补语。
第3题：C
【解析】C正确。句子"It was cld."中，was为系动词，cld为表语（补语），属于S+V+C结构。选项A错误，was是系动词不是不及物动词的用法；选项B错误，没有宾语；选项D错误，不是There be句型。
第4题：B
【解析】B正确。句子"The ld man gave me his daughter's phne number."中，gave为及物动词，me为间接宾语，his daughter's phne number为直接宾语，属于S+V+O+O结构。选项A错误，有两个宾语；选项C错误，没有补语；选项D错误，gave不是系动词。
第5题：C
【解析】C正确。句子"We made him captain."中，made为使役动词，him为宾语，captain为宾语补足语（补充说明him的身份），属于S+V+O+C结构。选项A错误，captain不是动作的承受者而是补充说明；选项B错误，him和captain不是双宾语关系；选项D错误，made不是系动词。
第6题：D
【解析】D正确。句子"There was little traffic at that time."是There be句型，表示"存在"，be动词与最近的名词traffic保持一致。选项A、B、C均不是There be结构。
第7题：B
【解析】B正确。"My mther bught a new cat fr me."中，bught为及物动词，a new cat为直接宾语，fr me表示受益者，属于S+V+O+O结构的转换形式。选项A(She lks happy)是S+V+C；选项C(The wind was blwing)是S+V；选项D(There is a bk n the desk)是There be。
第8题：(1) play; S+V (2) sang; S+V+O (3) gave, much; S+V+O+O (4) made, surprised; S+V+O+C (5) tastes; S+V+C (6) There are, studying — r: There were, studying; There be (7) made; S+V+O+O (8) became; S+V+C
【解析】(1) play; S+V——The children play in the park every afternn. play为不及物动词，in the park为地点状语，every afternn为时间状语，无宾语，属于S+V结构。(2) sang; S+V+O——She sang a beautiful sng at the cncert. sang为及物动词，a beautiful sng为宾语，属于S+V+O结构。(3) gave, much; S+V+O+O——The teacher gave us much hmewrk. gave为及物动词，us为间接宾语，much hmewrk为直接宾语，属于S+V+O+O结构。(4) made, surprised; S+V+O+C——The news made everyne surprised. made为使役动词，everyne为宾语，surprised为宾语补足语（形容词补充说明everyne的状态），属于S+V+O+C结构。(5) tastes; S+V+C——The sup tastes delicius. taste为系动词，delicius为表语（补语），描述主语the sup的味道，属于S+V+C结构。(6) There are, studying; There be——There are many students studying in the classrm. There be句型表示存在，be动词与最近的名词many students保持一致用are，studying为现在分词作定语。(7) made; S+V+O+O——He made his mther a birthday card. made为及物动词，his mther为间接宾语，a birthday card为直接宾语，属于S+V+O+O结构。(8) became; S+V+C——The sky became dark and cludy. became为系动词，dark and cludy为表语（补语），描述主语the sky的状态，属于S+V+C结构。
第9题：(1) a gift t me (2) a bike fr me (3) the way t us (4) English t us (5) dinner fr my family (6) a message t her friend
【解析】(1) a gift t me——考查S+V+O+O转换规则。give属于"接收者"类动词，将间接宾语移到直接宾语后时用t。原句She gave me a gift转换为She gave a gift t me。(2) a bike fr me——考查S+V+O+O转换规则。buy属于"受益者"类动词，将间接宾语移到直接宾语后时用fr。原句My father bught me a bike转换为My father bught a bike fr me。(3) the way t us——考查S+V+O+O转换规则。shw属于"接收者"类动词，用t。原句He shwed us the way转换为He shwed the way t us。(4) English t us——考查S+V+O+O转换规则。teach属于"接收者"类动词，用t。原句The teacher taught us English转换为The teacher taught English t us。(5) dinner fr my family——考查S+V+O+O转换规则。ck属于"受益者"类动词，用fr。原句I cked my family dinner转换为I cked dinner fr my family。(6) a message t her friend——考查S+V+O+O转换规则。send属于"接收者"类动词，用t。原句She sent her friend a message转换为She sent a message t her friend。
第10题：(1) A (2) B (3) D (4) A
【解析】(1) A正确。There be句型中be动词遵循就近原则，最近的名词a bk是单数，用is。选项B错误，bk是单数；选项C、D错误，There be句型不用have/has。(2) B正确。milk是不可数名词，be动词用is。选项A错误，milk不可数不用are；选项C、D错误，不用have/has。(3) D正确。many peple是复数，且时间状语last night表示过去，用were。选项A、C是现在时；选项B是单数过去时，与many peple不匹配。(4) A正确。a meeting是单数，tmrrw表示将来，"There is ging t be"表示将来存在的某事。选项B错误，meeting是单数；选项C不完整（缺少be）；选项D是过去时。
第11题：(1) S+V+O (played basketball) — Nte: 'in the park' is an adverbial (2) S+V+C (was fine) (3) There be (4) S+V+O+O (gave Xia Chen a bttle f water) (5) S+V+C (felt happy) (6) S+V+O+C (made the afternn wnderful)
【解析】(1) S+V+O——"They played basketball in the park." played为及物动词，basketball为宾语，in the park为地点状语。(2) S+V+C——"The weather was fine." was为系动词，fine为表语描述主语。(3) There be——"There were many peple in the park." There be句型表示存在。(4) S+V+O+O——"Liu Lei gave Xia Chen a bttle f water." gave为及物动词，Xia Chen为间接宾语，a bttle f water为直接宾语。(5) S+V+C——"Xia Chen felt very happy." felt为系动词，happy为表语描述主语的状态。(6) S+V+O+C——"They made the afternn wnderful." made为使役动词，the afternn为宾语，wnderful为宾语补足语。
第12题：(1) There are tw cats under the tree. (be agrees with nearest nun) (2) She gave me a nice present. OR She gave a nice present t me. (n 't' when IO is befre DO) (3) The cake smells gd. (linking verb + adjective, nt adverb) (4) There is a library in ur schl. (use 'be' nt 'have') (5) ✓ (S+V+O+C is crrect)
【解析】(1) There are tw cats under the tree.——错误：be动词未遵循就近原则。tw cats是复数，应用are，原句用了is是错误的。(2) She gave me a nice present. 或 She gave a nice present t me.——错误：当间接宾语在直接宾语之前时，不需要加t。原句"She gave t me a nice present"中t是多余的。(3) The cake smells gd.——错误：smell是系动词，后接形容词作表语，应用gd而非副词well。(4) There is a library in ur schl.——错误：表示"存在"应用There be句型，不能用There have。a library是单数，用is。(5) 正确。"We all made him mnitr."中made为使役动词，him为宾语，mnitr为宾语补足语，属于S+V+O+C结构，语法正确。
第13题：Sample answer:
Tm wke up early. (S+V) He ate breakfast quickly. (S+V+O) His mther made him a sandwich. (S+V+O+O) The weather was sunny. (S+V+C) There were many students n the playgrund. (There be) They made Tm excited. (S+V+O+C)
At schl, Tm studied hard. (S+V+O) The lessns were interesting. (S+V+C) His teacher gave him a bk. (S+V+O+O) There was a test in the afternn. (There be) Tm felt tired but happy. (S+V+C)
【解析】范文要点：1）使用了全部六种基本句型（S+V、S+V+O、S+V+O+O、S+V+O+C、S+V+C、There be）；2）每种句型都正确标注；3）故事内容连贯，围绕一个青少年在学校的一天展开；4）字数控制在60-80词。单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
subject (S)
/ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/
n.
主语
I is the subject in 'I went ut.'
verb (V)
/vɜːb/
n.
谓语动词
'went' is the verb in 'I went ut.'
bject (O)
/ˈɒbdʒɪkt/
n.
宾语
'an ld man' is the bject in 'I saw an ld man.'
cmplement (C)
/ˈkɒmplɪmənt/
n.
补语
'happy' is the cmplement in 'They made him happy.'
intransitive verb
/ɪnˈtrænzɪtɪv/
n.
不及物动词
'g' is ften an intransitive verb.
linking verb
n.
系动词
'be', 'seem', 'lk' are linking verbs.
Structure
Elements
Example
Key Feature
S+V
Subject + Verb (vi.)
Last night, I went ut.
Verb is intransitive; n bject needed
S+V+O
Subject + Verb (vt.) + Object
I saw an ld man.
Transitive verb needs an bject
S+V+O+O
Subject + Verb + IO + DO
He gave me his number.
Tw bjects: indirect + direct; can use t/fr
S+V+O+C
Subject + Verb + Object + Cmplement
They made him happy.
Cmplement describes/changes the bject
S+V+C
Subject + Linking Verb + Cmplement
It was cld.
Linking verb: be, seem, lk, feel...
There be
There + be + Nun + Place/Time
There were nt many peple in the street.
Expresses existence; be agrees with nearest nun
Original (S+V+IO+DO)
Transfrmed (S+V+DO+t/fr+IO)
Rule
The ld man gave me his daughter's phne number.
The ld man gave his daughter's phne number t me.
Use 't' when IO is the receiver
My mther bught a new cat fr me.
My mther bught me a new cat.
Use 'fr' when IO is the beneficiary
She taught us English.
She taught English t us.
Use 't' fr verbs like teach, give, shw
He made a cake fr his mum.
He made his mum a cake.
Use 'fr' fr verbs like make, buy, ck