2026届高三英语二轮复习讲义：第2部分　阅读能力突破篇　专题1　阅读理解　类型1　题型破解　第3讲　主旨大意题（含解析）

这是一份2026届高三英语二轮复习讲义：第2部分　阅读能力突破篇　专题1　阅读理解　类型1　题型破解　第3讲　主旨大意题（含解析），共13页。学案主要包含了解题示范，语篇解读等内容，欢迎下载使用。
主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象，既考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。
考点1 标题归纳题
●辨明题类
标题归纳题要求考生在理解文章的基础上， 结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。设问形式常有：
(1)What is the best title fr this passage?
(2)What can be a suitable title fr the passage/text?
(3)Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the passage?
(4)The mst suitable title f this passage is “ ”．
最佳标题应具备以下三大特征：①概括精准而简洁。②针对性强，标题外延与文章内容恰好相符。③醒目，能引发读者阅读欲望。
●技法点拨
1．一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。
2．所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。
●真题体验
(2025·全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C)
When Snja Detrinidad pened her nline shp selling huseplants, she didn't have high hpes fr it.But the ppsite happened: She was flded, shipping ut 1,200 rders in June f 2020 alne.In the past year, Detrinidad sent ut mre than 70,000 plants.Her success is just ne example f increased time at hme leading t an explsin in the huseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashin right nw，” says Dr.Melinda Knuth, a researcher frm the University f Flrida.“Peple wh live in plant-rich envirnments reprt a higher life satisfactin rating，” she says.“Adding mre nature t ur envirnment can change ur md and hw we think.” Plants can imprve ur state f mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing ur level f crtisl, the stress hrmne(激素) in ur bdy.
“Students wh are arund plants perfrm better academically than students wh are in a classrm withut plants，” says Knuth.“This prductivity als translates int the wrkplace fr adults.Our study shwed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave fr peple wh were in plant-rich wrkplaces.”
If yu're amng the grups f peple wh are enjying the mental and physical health benefits f surrunding yurself with plants, dn't beat yurself up if ne (r a few！) desn't make it.“Dctrs practice medicine and lawyers practice law and yu shuld allw yurself the practice it takes t sustain a plant.Tending t plants is an exercise in patience and learning.Be invested in taking care f it, but if it dies, g get anther ne，” Detrinidad says.
31．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Time t Replace Huseplants B．Plants Bst Yur Md
C．Tips n Chsing Huseplants D．Plants Brighten Yur Hme
【解题示范】 第一步：阅读文章，概括文章大意：文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。
第二步：分析各选项，进行斟酌判断，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨：文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。“Plants Bst Yur Md”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
考点2 文章大意题
●辨明题类
文章大意题要求考生在理解全文的基础上，从文中提取有效信息，概括、归纳出文章的主旨大意、中心思想。此类题目没有明显的解题依据，是对文章深层次的理解。
设问形式常有：
(1)The general/main idea f the passage is .
(2)What is the main theme/tpic/idea f this/the passage/text?
(3)The passage/text is mainly abut .
(4)What des the text/passage mainly fcus n?
(5)The passage mainly fcuses n .
●技法点拨
1．定位主题句确定文章大意
文章由段落组成，段落的中心思想服务于文章的中心思想，因此找到每个段落的主题句，总结概括后便不难得出文章的主旨大意。
一般情况下，段落的主题句通常在该逻辑段落的首尾，但也有些难度较大的试题会隐含在段落之中，此时要理解全文结构，找到支撑性细节内容。
以下为快速找到主题句的5个小窍门：
(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(hwever, but, in fact, actually, while, n the cntrary, in cntrast等)时，其后的句子通常为主题句。
(2)首段出现疑问句时，对该句的回答很可能就是主题句。
(3)作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词(主旨句通常包含关键词)。
(4)首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后的内容通常为主题句。
(5)表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefre, in shrt, cnclude, cnclusin, thus等词。
2．根据不同文体的结构和写作方法来定位主题句
(1)议论文主要是论述作者的某个观点，往往采用“总—分”或“总—分—总”的模式，所以主题句常在第一段或最后一段。
(2)说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程，主题句一般在首段。
(3)记叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子，则这个句子为主题句。
●真题体验
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C)
We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd.Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table.While farmer's markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system.It can be set up fr a family.Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl.The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically, it's a farm that relies n new technlgy.By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred.Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time.Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants.Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant.After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad.In additin, there's n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives.Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk.Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic.“We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment，” said a BMF emplyee.
31．What des the text mainly talk abut?
A．BMF's majr strengths. B．BMF's general management.
C．BMF's glbal influence. D．BMF's technical standards.
【解题示范】 第一步：阅读文章，确定段落主题句；
第二步：分析选项，斟酌判断：根据第一段“While farmer's markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.”、第三段“By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred.Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time.Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants.Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant.(通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量。)”以及最后一段“BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives.Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk.Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic.‘We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment，’said a BMF emplyee.”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场(BMF)的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。
考点3 段落大意题
●辨明题类
段落大意题主要考查文章某一段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。考生要用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。设问形式常有：
(1)What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
(2)What is Paragraph 1 mainly abut?
(3)What des the first paragraph mainly talk abut?
●技法点拨
1．定位段落主题句，做到首尾兼顾
做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下判断主旨，其准确性更高。
2．通过暗示揣摩段落大意
有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。
●真题体验
(2025·全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解D)
Des yur sul die a little every time yu thrw away unused fd？Mine des.Maybe that feeling cmes frm grwing up in Suth Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was mre f an uncmfrtable reminder f fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Fd waste is a grwing cncern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries.Frm technlgical slutins t educatinal campaigns, fd prducers and sellers are lking fr ways t use mre f what we're already grwing.But last mnth, ne ppular New Yrk City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu t exclusively(专门) ffer fd that wuld therwise be thrwn away.
Fr tw weeks in March, Greenwich Village's Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver's vegetable salad.Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste.
A study by the Fd Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 punds f fd waste fr every $1,000 in revenue(收入), and f that waste nly 15.7% is dnated r recycled.Up t 84.3% is simply thrwn ut.Restaurants like Sil in the UK have experimented with zer-waste systems, but wastED tk the cncept t its lgical cnclusin.
It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED's menu was technically made frm garbage.Instead, all the ingredients(配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving.Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine.
Thugh wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed frm the start as a shrt-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned t its regular menu.Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways t address prblems f sustainability, and that yu can make an amazing meal ut f almst anything.
34．What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A．Why the ingredients were used.
B．Which dishes were best liked.
C．What the dishes were made f.
D．Where the ingredients were bught.
【解题示范】 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词：paragraph 5，快速将解题信息定位到文章的第五段；
第二步：根据段落的内容，分析选项，判断概括准确的选项：根据第五段“It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED's menu was technically made frm garbage.Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving.Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine.(值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴。)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。故选C。
A
(2025·云南省昆明市高三一模)
Recently, African prts are expected t welcme a unique brder-patrl(巡逻) “team”—Giant African Puched Rats wearing small red vests.Relying n their remarkable sense f smell, they are abut t play a crucial rle in the fight against illegal wildlife trade.
In regins such as West Africa, the rich wildlife resurces attract enrmus turists.Hwever, paching(偷猎) and smuggling(偷运) activities are pushing sme species t the danger f extinctin.Pachers, driven by huge prfits, either capture animals fr the illegal pet trade r cruelly kill elephants, rhins, etc.t btain ivry and rhin hrns.These precius items are then smuggled t ther cuntries fr sale, severely disturbing lcal bidiversity.
Isabelle Sztt, a behaviral eclgist, previusly cperated with the rganizatin APOPO in Tanzania, which has successfully trained these rats fr varius tasks befre, like detecting dangerus weapns and sme infectius diseases.Given their excellent lfactry(嗅觉) ability, APOPO believes the rats als have great ptential in prt preventin and cntrl.
Sztt's team carefully selected and trained 11 rats.In a specially-made training bx in the labratry, researchers placed different smell samples t teach the rats t identify the smells f pached animals.Each time a rat accurately detected the target smell and signaled, it received delicius fd as a reward.After training, these rats can nt nly recgnize the smells f elephant tusks, rhin hrns and African blackwd, but als precisely distinguish them frm 146 ther smells.
Lab training is just the first step.Sme rats then underwent field drills in simulated warehuses and real prts.When these rats get t ld t wrk, they will “retire” hnrably and enjy their remaining years surrunded by fruits, vegetables, and dried fish.The invlvement f Giant African Puched Rats is expected t bring new hpe t tackling wildlife paching and smuggling.
1．Why are these rats a gd chice fr brder-patrl?
A．They are ut f extinctin.
B．They are sensitive t the smell.
C．They can maintain lcal bidiversity.
D．They can distract pachers' attentin.
2．What tasks have the African Puched Rats been trained fr befre?
A．Detecting threatening arms.
B．Cntrlling wildlife prducts.
C．Prtecting turists in West Africa.
D．Identifying different kinds f fruits.
3．Hw did the researchers train the 11 rats in the labratry?
A．They satisfy the rats' appetite as bnus.
B．They taught the rats t fit in the real fields.
C．They let the rats play with different samples.
D．They led the rats t track the pachers' smells.
4．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．New Hpe Brught by APOPO fr the Rats in Red Vests
B．Measures Taken t Prevent Paching and Smuggling
C．The Remarkable Life f Giant African Puched Rats
D．A New Frce in Fighting Wildlife Smuggling
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲各港口将迎来一支独特的边境巡逻“队伍”——巨型老鼠。
1．B 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Relying n their remarkable sense f smell, they are abut t play a crucial rle in the fight against illegal wildlife trade.”可知，巨型老鼠凭借其敏锐的嗅觉成为边境巡逻的好选择。
2．A 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Isabelle Sztt, a behaviral eclgist, previusly cperated with the rganizatin APOPO in Tanzania, which has successfully trained these rats fr varius tasks befre, like detecting dangerus weapns and sme infectius diseases.”可知，这些老鼠以前进行过危险武器和传染病的探测。
3．A 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Sztt's team carefully selected and trained 11 rats.In a specially-made training bx in the labratry, researchers placed different smell samples t teach the rats t identify the smells f pached animals.Each time a rat accurately detected the target smell and signaled, it received delicius fd as a reward.”可知，只要识别出正确的味道，就会得到食物的奖励。
4．D 标题归纳题。根据第一段“Recently, African prts are expected t welcme a unique brder-patrl (巡逻) ‘team’—Giant African Puched Rats wearing small red vests.Relying n their remarkable sense f smell, they are abut t play a crucial rle in the fight against illegal wildlife trade.”可知，本文主要讲述了非洲运用了巨型老鼠来打击非法野生动物贸易。D项“打击野生动物走私的新力量”符合主题。
B
(2025·河北省沧州市高三二模)
“I was wndering if Patrick wuld sing The Pwer f Lve during the service n Thanks-giving Day，” the cmmunity yuth directr asked in a message left n ur answering machine.
My wife Catherine and I struggled t cntain ur excitement abut ur five-year-ld sn's first sl(独唱)．Catherine carefully explained the pssibility, reminding Patrick hw beautifully he sang, telling him hw much fun it wuld be.Patrick himself seemed less cnvinced.“Yu knw, Mm，” he said, “smetimes when I have t d smething imprtant, I get kind f scared.”
Grwn-ups feel that way, t, we tld him, but the decisin was left t him.He tk nly a few minutes.“Okay，” Patrick said.“I'll d it.” Frm the time he was a baby, Patrick has enjyed an unusual passin fr music.By age fur, he culd pund ut several bars f Wagner's Ride f the Valkyries n the pian.Still, I culd hardly imagine myself, at age five, singing int a micrphne befre hundreds f peple.When Thanks-giving Day arrived, my expectatins were limited.
Catherine, ur daughter Melanie and I sat in darkness as a sptlight fund my sn, standing alne at the micrphne.He was dressed in white, with a pair f angel wings.Slwly, cnfidently, Patrick hit every nte.As his vice washed ver the peple, he seemed a true angel.There was eternity(永恒)in Patrick's vice that night, a beauty rich enugh t bring heavy tears t my eyes.
His sng was sn ver, and at my side, Catherine brushed away tears and Melanie sbbed, t.Outside, I received cngratulatins frm fellw cmmunity members.I fund my sn wh lked at me with curisity.“Yu're crying？Why, Dad？”
“I have t cry, fr nthing else but yur singing.”
Patrick smiled prudly and flew int my arms.
“I dn't understand，” my sn said int my shulder, “But maybe yu d have yur reasn t cry.”
5．What did the cmmunity yuth directr intend t d in the message?
A．Invite Patrick t perfrm. B．Admire Patrick's singing skills.
C．Enquire abut a singing event. D．Decline Patrick's participatin.
6．Hw did Patrick react t the news initially?
A．He was ver-excited. B．He was less cnfident.
C．He shwed n interest. D．He rejected the ffer directly.
7．What des the father mean at last?
A．Every clud has a silver lining.
B．The early bird catches the wrm.
C．Actins speak luder than wrds.
D．True beauty lies in vercming ne's fears.
8．What is the text mainly abut?
A．A celebratin fr Thanks-giving Day.
B．A family's selfless service at the cmmunity.
C．A yung by's extrardinary talent fr music.
D．A father's experience f his sn's perfrmance.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。社区青年主任邀5岁帕特里克感恩节独唱，他起初害怕，最终自信演出，父亲感动见证。
5．A 细节理解题。根据第一段“‘I was wndering if Patrick wuld sing The Pwer f Lve during the service n Thanks-giving Day，’ the cmmunity yuth directr asked in a message left n ur answering machine.”可知，社区青年主任在留言中是想邀请帕特里克去表演。
6．B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Patrick himself seemed less cnvinced.‘Yu knw, Mm，’ he said, ‘smetimes when I have t d smething imprtant, I get kind f scared.’”可知，帕特里克最初对这个消息的反应是不太自信。
7．D 推理判断题。根据前文可知，帕特里克一开始害怕在众人面前唱歌，但最后在感恩节仪式上自信地完成了独唱，表现非常出色。父亲最后说“I have t cry, fr nthing else but yur singing.”并结合帕特里克克服恐惧完成演唱的过程，父亲的意思是真正的美在于克服自己的恐惧。
8．D 文章大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者的儿子帕特里克接到在感恩节仪式上独唱的邀请，从一开始的害怕到最后自信地完成演唱，作者见证了这一过程以及自己的感受，所以文章主要是关于一位父亲见证儿子表演的经历。
C
(2025·贵州省毕节市高三一模)
Turning used cking il int pleasant smelling sap might sund like magic.But that's what Janetti Francischi has been ding since 2020.Dispensing the sap in her cmmunity, Francischi has nt nly made residents in her neighburhd use the valuable prducts but als cntributed t the envirnment by repurpsing a cmmn waste item.
Inspired by her mther, wh was a druggist, Francischi pursued a bachelr's degree in bimedical sciences and a master's degree in pharmaclgy(药理学) at the University f Sa Paul.She als earned a PhD there.After 32 years as a prfessr at the Federal University f Minas Gerais, where she taught mre than 5,000 students, Francischi retired in 2017.
Seeing the mess f used il in the kitchen and heavy waste frm cmmunity il pllutin, Francischi felt an urge t help her cmmunity t change the situatin.Based n what she had learnt, Francischi started prducing bars f sap frm used cking il.
Francischi tried the sap-making prcess at her hme.The first step was t extract the il with a clth t remve any residues(残渣)．After that, she heated water t near biling pint and added sdium hydrxide(氢氧化钠), mixing it very well until they disslved.Then, she added the cking il.This is the mst challenging part because the mixture must be stirred with a stick fr 40 minutes.T increase faming and fragrance, she als added sme washing pwder.Then she pured it int a plastic cntainer, and cut it hurs later.
Francischi cllected cking il first frm her family, friends and neighbrs and later frm small businesses, such as street fd sellers.She distributed the sap in the cmmunity.Peple came, brught their bttles f il and returned later fr their sap.She als partnered with the nn-gvernmental rganizatin Seu Vizinh in a pr neighbrhd where even basic items can be cnsidered a luxury.She designed fur wrkshp sessins last summer t teach mre peple, where the participants were prvided with all the materials.Francischi did this wrk as a vlunteer.She hpes t cntinue with this prject fr the rest f her life.
9．What des the wrd “dispensing” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．Giving ut. B．Taking in.
C．Putting away. D．Using up.
10．What inspired Francischi t make sap at hme?
A．Her mther's influence. B．Her academic backgrund.
C．Her wish fr new career. D．Her cncern fr pllutin.
11．What is the last but ne paragraph mainly abut?
A．The inspiratin f recycling. B．The prcess f making saps.
C．The way f cllecting il. D．The plan f helping peple.
12．What may Francischi d in the future?
A．D her design wrk. B．Develp new prducts.
C．Share ways t make sap. D．Teach back t university.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Janetti Francischi如何通过将废油转化为肥皂来帮助社区减少污染，并将其推广给更多的人。
9．A 词句猜测题。根据画线词后面“Francischi has nt nly made residents in her neighburhd use the valuable prducts but als cntributed t the envirnment by repurpsing a cmmn waste item”可知，Francischi让社区居民使用这些有价值的产品，由此猜测她在社区分发自己做出来的产品。
10．D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Seeing the mess f used il in the kitchen and heavy waste frm cmmunity il pllutin, Francischi felt an urge t help her cmmunity t change the situatin.”可知，Francischi看到厨房用过的油造成的混乱以及社区油污染产生的大量垃圾，想要帮助社区改变这种状况，所以是对污染的担忧促使她在家制作肥皂。
11．B 段落大意题。根据倒数第二段“Francischi tried the sap-making prcess at her hme.The first step was t extract the il with a clth t remve any residues (残渣) she pured it int a plastic cntainer, and cut it hurs later.”可知，这段主要讲的是制作肥皂的过程。
12．C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“She designed fur wrkshp sessins last summer t teach mre peple, where the participants were prvided with all the materials.Francischi did this wrk as a vlunteer.She hpes t cntinue with this prject fr the rest f her life.”可知，她去年夏天举办工作坊教更多人制作肥皂，并希望余生继续这个项目。由此推知，未来她可能会继续分享制作肥皂的方法。
D
(2025·河南省创新发展联盟高三三模)
A tiny, sft, and flexible rbt that can crawl thrugh earthquake ruins t find trapped victims r travel inside the human bdy t deliver medicine may seem like science fictin, but an internatinal team led by researchers at the Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) are pineering such adaptable rbts by integrating flexible electrnics with magnetically(有磁力地) cntrlled mtin.
Sft rbtics, unlike traditinal rigid rbts, are made frm flexible materials that cpy the mvement f living rganisms.This flexibility makes them ideal fr navigating tight spaces, such as debris in a disaster zne r the cmplicated pathways f the human bdy.Hwever, integrating sensrs and electrnics int these flexible systems has psed a significant challenge, accrding t Huanyu Cheng, Jr.Memrial Assciate Prfessr f Engineering Science and Mechanics at Penn State.
“Even thugh we designed the electrnics t be flexible, their rigidity is still hundreds t thusands f times greater than the sft rbtic material，” Cheng said.“T vercme this, we distributed the electrnics acrss the structure, reducing their impact n mvement.”
Anther challenge was blcking unwanted electrical interference(电子干扰), which can disrupt hw an electrnic device r system wrks.This interference cmes frm utside surces, like ther electrnics r wireless signals.Such interference wuld prevent mvement and affect sensr perfrmance.
Magnetic fields are crucial fr cntrlling mtin, but they can als disrupt electrnic signals.Researchers had t carefully design the electrnic layut t minimize these interactins, ensuring that the sensrs remained functinal even in the presence f strng magnetic fields.
With the magnetic interference minimized, the rbts can be guided remtely using electrmagnetic fields.Additinally, integrated sensrs allw them t react autnmusly t envirnmental cues.In search-and-rescue, fr example, they are smart enugh t navigate by detecting heat r bstacles.In medical applicatins, they might respnd t pH changes r pressure, ensuring precise drug delivery r accurate sample cllectin.
“If we can make these rbts even smaller, they culd be injected int bld vessels(血管) t treat cardivascular diseases r deliver medicatin directly t affected areas，” Cheng said.“That wuld pen up entirely new pssibilities fr nn-invasive medical treatments.”
13．In which aspect is Cheng's rbt different frm traditinal nes?
A．Its material. B．Its design.
C．Its usage. D．Its structure.
14．Why did researchers distribute flexible electrnics acrss the rbt's structure?
A．T imprve heat detectin. B．T make rbts mve smthly.
C．T reduce impact n rbts. D．T enhance electrmagnetic respnse.
15．What des Cheng stress abut the rbts in the last paragraph?
A．Their drawback. B．Their feature.
C．Their ptential. D．Their ppularity.
16．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Future f Medical Treatments
B．Innvatins in Disaster Rescue
C．Challenges in Rbtics Develpment
D．Flexible Rbts: Pineering New Frntiers
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍宾夕法尼亚州立大学团队研发的柔性机器人，包括其材料特性、技术挑战、控制原理及应用前景。
13．A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sft rbtics, unlike traditinal rigid rbts, are made frm flexible materials that cpy the mvement f living rganisms.”可知，Cheng的机器人与传统机器人的核心区别在于“材料”。
14．B 推理判断题。根据第三段“‘Even thugh we designed the electrnics t be flexible, their rigidity is still hundreds t thusands f times greater than the sft rbtic material，’ Cheng said.‘T vercme this, we distributed the electrnics acrss the structure, reducing their impact n mvement.’”可知，研究人员将电子元件分布在机器人结构上是为了使机器人顺畅移动。
15．C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘If we can make these rbts even smaller, they culd be injected int bld vessels(血管) t treat cardivascular diseases r deliver medicatin directly t affected areas，’ Cheng said.‘That wuld pen up entirely new pssibilities fr nn-invasive medical treatments.’”可知，Cheng强调的是机器人的潜在应用前景。
16．D 标题归纳题。通读全文，根据首段可知，宾夕法尼亚州立大学研究人员正使用柔性电子元件与磁力控制运动技术相结合开创这类可适应性机器人的研究先河，引出本文讲述的话题“柔性机器人”，进而在下文介绍了其材料创新、技术突破及在搜救和医疗等领域的前沿探索等，由此可知，全文主要介绍的是一种“柔性机器人”，所以“柔性机器人：开拓新领域”全面概括文章核心内容，适合作为最佳标题。