人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration课时训练

Unit 4 Space Exploration

Ⅰ.完形填空

(2020·甘肃省重点中学协作体第一次联考)

From an early age, Parker always said that he would be an astronaut when he grew up.But no matter how much he studied and took tests, he was never   1.B   to fly in space.  2.D  ， he grew over the maximum age for taking the selection tests.In other words, he would never be able to fulfill his   3.A  .

Thinking about all the time and   4.C   Parker had put into trying to be an astronaut, people felt   5.B   for him.Despite what he was told about having to   6.D   his ambition, Parker continued training and studying,   7.C   he was going to have the tests the next month.

He   8.A   as he got older, and when he was a very old man he heard that they were doing some very important   9.C   experiments.For those experiments they needed a very   10.D   astronaut.Parker, who walked with a   11.B  ， was the only old man in the whole world who was   12.B   to fly in a rocket.Therefore, Parker found himself flying in   13.D  ， all with the help of science.It was clear that the   14.A   gained during those missions helped to cure one of the worst sicknesses for old people, and Parker was   15.C   as a hero.

Photos of the astronaut with a walking stick and no teeth   16.C   all over the world, and became a   17.A   of how you can never train or learn too much.It showed that   18.B   effort always brings   19.D   even though it may not be in the form we had first   20.A  .

文章大意：Parker从小立志做一名宇航员，却一直未实现自己的梦想。但他从未放弃希望，一如既往地进行飞行训练。终于在年老时实现了自己的愿望。

1．A.noticed　　　　　　　 B．selected

C．invited 　　 D．permitted

解析：根据下文中的“he grew over the maximum age for taking the selection tests”可知，此处指他从来没有被选(selected)去太空飞行。

2．A.Secretly　　 B．Suddenly

C．Luckily 　 D．Finally

解析：最后，Parker已经超过了选拔考试的最大年龄。finally“最终；终于”。

3．A.dream 　 B．task

C．need 　　 D．belief

解析：文章开头谈及Parker的梦想，因为他已经超过了选拔考试的最大年龄，所以他永远也无法实现他的梦想(dream)。

4．A.reputation 　　 B．power

C．effort 　　 D．practice

解析：根据第一段中的“But no matter how much he studied and took tests”可知，Parker付出了很多时间和努力(effort)。人们一想到Parker为成为宇航员所付出的时间和努力就为他感到遗憾(sorry)。

5．A.happy 　 B．sorry

C．nervous 　　 D．calm

解析：参见上题解析。

6．A.ignore 　 B．forget

C．develop 　　 D．abandon

解析：尽管有人告诉Parker，他不得不放弃(abandon)他的目标，但他还是继续训练和学习，好像(as if)下个月他要参加测试似的。

7．A.so that 　　 B．now that

C．as if 　　 D．even though

解析：参见上题解析。

8．A.carried on 　　 B．took on

C．turned off 　　 D．got off

解析：Parker继续(学习和训练)。carry on“继续做；坚持干”，符合语境。

9．A.electrical 　　 B．physical

C．medical 　 D．political

解析：根据下文中的“during those missions helped to cure one of the worst sicknesses for old people”可知，Parker得知他们在太空做医学实验。medical“医疗的”，符合语境。electrical“用电的”；physical“物理学的”；political“政治的”。

10．A.sick 　　 B．experienced

C．active 　　 D．old

解析：根据语境可知，他们需要一位年纪大的(old)宇航员。

11．A.map 　　 B．stick

C．guide 　 D．candle

解析：根据下文中的“Photos of the astronaut with a walking stick”可知，当时Parker走路需要拐杖。a walking stick“拐杖”。

12．A.planned 　 B．trained

C．forced 　　 D．allowed

解析：根据上文内容可知，Parker参加训练就是为了能够在太空飞行。故B项符合语境。

13．A.silence 　 B．danger

C．action 　　 D．space

解析：根据语境可知，此处指Parker参加实验后，发现自己在太空(space)飞行。

14．A.knowledge 　　 B．experience

C．money 　　 D．opportunity

解析：在那些任务中所获得的知识(knowledge)有助于治愈老人们最严重的疾病之一。

15．A.replaced 　　 B．educated

C．praised 　　 D．affected

解析：Parker被人们称赞(praised)为一位英雄。replace“代替”；educate“教育”；affect“影响”。

16．A.moved　　 B．flew

C．spread 　 D．took

解析：这位拄着拐杖且没有牙齿的宇航员的照片在全世界传播(spread)开来。

17．A.symbol　　 B．mark

C．case 　　 D．doubt

解析：Parker的照片成了一种象征(symbol)——你再怎么去学习和训练都不为过。

18．A.desperate 　　 B．persistent

C．cautious　　 D．apparent

解析：这表明坚持不懈的(persistent)努力总会带来回报(reward)。desperate“绝望的”；cautious“小心的”，apparent“显而易见的”。

19．A.award 　 B．prize

C．result 　　 D．reward

解析：参见上题解析。

20．A.expected 　　 B．guessed

C．suggested 　　 D．proved

解析：坚持不懈的努力总会带来回报，尽管它不是我们最初所期待(expected)的那种形式。

Ⅱ.阅读理解

(2020·“四省八校”高三第一次教学质检)

(CNN)—YOU could say things are getting a little more concrete on the International Space Station.

Astronauts are working on hundreds of experiments on the floating laboratory every day. One recent experiment included mixing concrete for the first time. The basic ingredients for concrete include sand, gravel and rocks mixed with a cement water based paste. It sounds as easy as whipping up cake mix, but the actual process is much more difficult, and the lack of gravity changes everything.

Astronauts participated in the Microgravity Investigation of Cement Solidification project to understand how the chemistry of concrete is changed by zero gravity, down to the microscopic structures inside it.

A variety of mixtures were made where cement powder, additives, water and time allowance varied. The space station mixtures were compared to samples mixed on Earth. The concrete in space ended up being more holey, which is interesting because more holes inside the concrete would affect its strength.

“Increased porosity(疏松)has direct influences on the strength of the material, but we have yet to measure the strength of the space-formed material，”， said Radlinska, principal investigator of the experiment. “Even though concrete has been used for so long on the Earth, we still don't necessarily understand all the aspects of the hydration (水合作用)we know there are some differences between Earth and space-based systems and we can examine those differences to see which ones are beneficial and which ones are harmful to using this material in space.” Radlinska also noted that the samples were mixed in sealed bags which leaves the question of what might happen had they been mixed in an open environment in space.

Understanding how concrete works in space has a direct influence on future plans regarding the moon and Mars. Building safe habitats may rely on concrete because it could protect humans and the equipment from meteorites and harmful radiation. Ingredients already available on Mars or the moon could also be used to make the concrete, which would reduce the cost of transporting materials.

文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了在太空做混凝土实验，实验结果表明太空中的混凝土与地球上的不同，并提出实验的意义在于为太空建筑选取材料。

1．What is the aim of the experiment？  B 

A．To check whether concrete can be made in space.

B．To see the different formation of concrete in space.

C．To test the strength of concrete made in space.

D．To build shelters in space using concrete.

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“to understand how the chemistry of concrete is changed by zero gravity”可知，实验的目的是了解在失重状态下混凝土的化学变化。故选B。

2．What do we know about the experiment？  C 

A．It was done in the open environment in space.

B．It used ingredients on Mars and the moon.

C．It made multiple mixtures under different conditions.

D．It examined the difference of strength between concrete on Earth and in space.

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句话“A variety of mixtures were made where cement powder, additives, water and time allowance varied.”可知，实验中根据水泥粉、添加剂、水和时间的不同制造了多种混凝土。故选C。

3．Compared with concrete made on Earth, concrete made in space   A  .

A．has more open space inside it

B．is much more fragile

C．can be used on Mars and the moon at the moment

D．is not as good in every aspect

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第三句话“The concrete in space ended up being more holey, which is interesting because more holes inside the concrete would affect its strength.”可知，太空中制造的混凝土里面有更多孔。故选A。

4．What type of passage is this？  B 

A．Book review.　 B．News report.

C．Science fiction.　　 D．Travel journal.

解析：文章出处题。根据第一段开头CNN可知，这是一篇新闻报道。故选B。

Ⅲ.阅读七选五

Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth

Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training.They also go through training in how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.

Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn't a new idea.As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space.  1.D   Because of this, it's not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.

Plants can serve many uses on a space journey.They can provide more fresh things.  2.F   Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen.They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft—the only air the astronauts can breathe.

 3.B   Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants.This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air.Without gravity, roots don't “know” to grow down, leaves don't “know” to grow up, and water doesn't easily travel up the roots to the leaves.   4.E   Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels(凝胶) are used to help plant growth.

Scientists are also working on the plants themselves.They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease.   5.C   Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs.Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world's population now at about 7.7 billion people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions.

A．Every plant grown in space must have several uses.

B．However, there are challenges with growing plants in space.

C．Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.

D．The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram.

E．Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.

F．Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.

G．Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks.

文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了宇航员在太空种植的原因和好处以及种植方法。

解析：

1．空后是说将所有所需东西带上太空是不切合实际的，据此可推知，空处应是介绍空后一句的原因，故D项“带任何东西到太空的花费大约是每千克22 000美元。”符合语境。

2．根据空前一句可知，植物可以为宇航员提供新鲜的东西，根据空后一句可知，植物还可以改善太空站的空气质量，因为其可以产生氧气，据此可推知，空处应是介绍太空种植植物的好处，即宇航员也喜欢在他们的干粮中有新鲜的果蔬食物。故F项正确。

3．上文介绍了太空种植的好处，即为宇航员提供新鲜的果蔬、改善太空站的空气质量等，结合下文可知，种植太空果蔬有一定的困难，据此可知，空处承上启下，与上文形成转折关系。故B项正确。

4．根据上文可知，在失重的情况下，植物的根和叶不知道如何生长，水分也不容易从根部传到叶子上，而空后一句介绍了关于土壤的解决方法，据此可推知，空处应是介绍解决上述问题的方法，故E项“正在研制专门的容器去帮助植物正确地生长。”符合语境。

5．根据空前一句可知，科学家们正在寻找各种让植物少使用水，在太空快速生长，而且可以抵抗病害的方法，且下文又提到改良后的植物对地球的影响，据此可推知，空处应是说明这些方法可以在地球上运用以带来改善。故C项正确。

Ⅳ.语法填空

(2020·武汉市高中毕业生六月)

Here is why you should care about astronomy. It's true that its advances benefit millions of people across the world. It has developed technology now to track where your package goes, to determine where you are and so   1.on  .

But all of these are mere second thoughts and   2.benefits  (benefit) that have occurred without the primary   3.intention  (intend) of the maker. And that is   4.what   makes astronomy beautiful. To study something—not because we're looking to gain anything in particular, but purely   5.to enjoy  (enjoy) natural wonders—  6.is   (be) all that makes us human. Doing work for the work itself creates room for joy.

I   7.firmly   (firm) believe that astronomy has a spiritual dimension in the sense of how it connects us with something bigger than ourselves. Because   8.of   astronomy we now know exactly when the universe   9.came   (come) into existence. And we've spotted thousands of planets orbiting other stars. It has explained mysteries (神秘的事物)   10.confusing  (confuse) us for thousands of years, but even more significantly, it has opened up more mysteries than any of us can study in our lifetime.

文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了我们应该关注天文学的原因。

解析：

1．考查固定搭配。and so on为固定搭配，意为“等等”，符合语境。

2．考查名词的单复数。分析该句结构可知，该句中that引导定 语从句，空处与thoughts为先行词，空处与复数名词thoughts对应，benefit为可数名词，故该处用其复数形式benefits。

3．考查名词。根据空前的“without the primary”可知，空处应用名词的单数形式，故填intend的名词单数形式intention。

4．考查表语从句连接词。分析该句结构可知，空处引导表语从句，作表语从句的主语，表示“……的事物”，故用what引导该表语从句。

5．考查动词不定式。空处与to gain并列，表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。

6．考查主谓一致和动词的时态。该句主语为不定式“To study something”，故谓语动词应用单数形式；又根据语境可知，该句陈述的是客观存在的情况，故用一般现在时。

7．考查副词。空处修饰动词believe，应用副词形式，表示“坚定地相信”。

8．考查介词。because of为固定搭配，意为“因为，由于”，符合语境，故填介词of。

9．考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，该句意为“由于天文学，我们现在确切地知道宇宙是什么时候形成的”。根据常识可知，宇宙的形成是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。

10．考查现在分词。分析该句结构可知，空处修饰前面的名词mysteries，该名词和动词confuse之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。