Unit 6 Developing ideas (Reading for writing)（教学课件）-初中英语外研版（2024）八年级下册

这是一份八年级下册（2024））Developing ideas教学ppt课件，共49页。PPT课件主要包含了Contents，语言能力，思维品质，学习能力，文化意识，教学重点，教学难点，教学重难点，hot，desert等内容，欢迎下载使用。
能掌握desert、canal、water shrtage等单元核心词汇，准确理解阅读文本中人与自然相关的语境表达，提升语言理解能力。能通过阅读梳理文本逻辑，提取人类合理利用自然的关键信息，并用简洁的英语句子概括段落大意，锻炼语言概括能力。能模仿阅读文本的句式和结构，结合核心词汇撰写短文，表达对人与自然关系的看法，落实读后续写的语言输出要求。
能分析阅读文本中人类改造自然的案例，区分合理与不合理的做法，培养初步的辩证思维和逻辑分析能力。能结合文本信息，推断人类与自然和谐共生的重要意义，尝试从多角度思考保护自然的方法，提升思维的深刻性和灵活性。能在写作中梳理思路，合理组织内容，将阅读中获取的信息转化为自身观点，培养思维的连贯性和创造性。
能运用略读、查读等阅读策略快速获取文本关键信息，掌握读后续写的基本思路，提升自主阅读和写作的效率。能主动积累单元核心词汇和句型，在小组合作中交流阅读感悟和写作思路，学会互助学习、共同进步。能对自己的写作进行自评和互评，结合反馈修改完善作文，养成反思总结、主动优化学习成果的习惯。
了解中外人类与自然共生的典型案例，感受不同文化中尊重自然、顺应自然的理念，拓宽国际视野。理解中华文化中“天人合一”的生态理念，结合本土生态保护案例，增强对中华优秀传统文化的认同和自信。树立人与自然和谐共生的价值观，增强生态保护意识和社会责任感，养成尊重自然、爱护环境的良好行为习惯。
掌握单元核心词汇、短语及疑问词引导的宾语从句的用法，能在阅读和写作中准确运用，夯实语言基础。能运用合适的阅读策略理解文本主旨和细节，梳理文本逻辑，掌握读后续写的基本结构和写作思路。能结合阅读文本，用英语清晰表达对人与自然关系的看法，完成符合要求的短文写作，落实语言输出目标。
能在写作中灵活运用疑问词引导的宾语从句，避免时态不一致、语序错误等问题，做到语言表达准确、流畅。能将阅读中获取的信息与自身观点结合，合理组织写作内容，使短文逻辑连贯、观点明确，提升写作逻辑性。能深度理解中外生态文化差异，将文化理念融入写作，实现语言表达与文化意识的有机结合，提升写作深度。
Cultural nte
吐鲁番盆地是新疆天山东部南坡的山间盆地，范围以吐鲁番市为主，面积50140平方千米，“吐鲁番”维吾尔语意为“低地”。其坐标约东经90°、北纬43°，是中国地势最低的内陆盆地，也是世界第二低洼地。盆地呈橄榄状，东西长约245公里、南北宽约75公里，四面环山，北部为博格达山山麓，南抵库鲁塔格山，以中国陆地最低点艾丁湖（湖面低于海平面154.31米）为核心，呈环状地形结构。它属大陆性暖温带荒漠气候，高于35℃炎热日超100天，夏季极端高温达49.6℃，素有“火洲”之称；大风频繁，又有“风库”之称。这里光热充足，年日照3000-3200小时，年降水量仅约16.4毫米，蒸发量却超3000毫米。独特条件与坎儿井造就发达绿洲农业，盆地还探明煤炭、石油等68种矿产，栖息着雪豹等近30种国家级保护动物。作为丝绸之路重要枢纽，它拥有交河故城等多处世界文化遗产，正通过文旅提质，擦亮“丝路明珠葡萄圣城”招牌。
Watch the vides
Lk at the pictures and answer the questins. Use the wrds and expressin t help yu.
Pre-writing
water shrtage
1 What's the envirnment like?
The envirnment is extremely ht and dry, typical f a desert climate with very little rainfall. It's difficult fr peple t survive there due t water shrtage and intense heat.
2 Hw des the system wrk?
The karez system uses wells cnnected t undergrund canals t cllect and transprt water. This ancient inventin helps prevent water frm evaprating in the harsh climate, making it an impressive engineering prject that addresses the prblem f water scarcity.
What is the genre f the passage?A. A stry abut Jurney t the West.B. An expsitry text intrducing the Flaming Muntains and karez system.C. A travel diary abut Turpan.D. A narrative abut hw t survive in desertsWhat is the main purpse f the passage?A. T describe hw ht Turpan is in summer.B. T cmpare the karez system with the Yellw River.C. T intrduce the karez system and its rle in Turpan.D. T call n peple t prtect ancient Chinese prjects.
Skim the passage and chse the crrect answer.
说明文在中考英语中的体现一、在试卷中的位置与占比1. 阅读理解必考文体：3–4 篇阅读中固定出现 1–2 篇说明文（通常 C 篇，中高难度）。2. 分值占比：阅读部分：30%–50%；全卷总分：10%–16%3. 词数：170–260 词，生词量少（0–4 个），常带少量科普 / 文化类术语。二、选材特点：完全围绕新课标 “人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”：1. 科技与生活：AI、智能家居、新能源、环保技术、发明创造。2. 文化与社会：传统节日、非遗、文化习俗、生活方式、公共规则。3. 自然与生态：动植物、环境保护、气候、健康生活、安全常识。
4. 特点：贴近学生生活、贴近时代、价值观导向强（文化自信、环保、健康、合作）。三、文本结构：几乎都是逻辑清晰、框架固定：1. 总 — 分 — 总（最常见）开头：引出对象 / 现象中间：分点说明特征、原因、步骤、方面结尾：总结 / 建议 / 展望2. 问题 — 原因 — 解决（环保 / 社会热点高频）3. 现象 — 特点 — 举例 / 数据（科普类高频）段落内部常用：因果、对比、举例、分类、时间 / 空间顺序。
四、语言特征1. 时态：以一般现在时为主（客观事实）。2. 语态：被动语态多（被发明、被使用、被保护）。3. 句式：多定语从句、状语从句、长难句；语言客观、准确、少情感。4. 说明方法：下定义、举例子、列数字、对比、分类别。五、题型分布：以 C 篇 5 题为例1. 细节理解题（40%–50%）考：时间、地点、数据、特征、原因、步骤特点：答案可直接定位，同义转换多2. 推理判断题（30%）
考：目的、隐含意义、因果、态度、出处特点：不能直接抄原文，需逻辑推导3. 主旨大意 / 标题题（必考 1 题）考：全文主旨、段落大意、最佳标题易错：以偏概全、范围过大、偷换主题4. 词义猜测题（1 题）考：科普词、熟词生义、代词指代方法：上下文同义 / 反义、定义、举例、逻辑关系5. 篇章结构 / 写作手法题（偶尔）考：段落作用、文章结构、说明方法、例证目的
六、核心能力考查（新课标导向）1. 信息定位能力：快速扫读、抓关键词（数字、专有名词、逻辑词）。2. 逻辑理解能力：理清因果、对比、举例、总分关系。3. 长难句拆解能力：抓主干（主谓宾），识别从句。4. 主旨归纳能力：区分细节与主旨、段落与全文。5. 跨文化 / 常识素养：文化常识、基础科学、环保健康意识。七、命题趋势（近年明显）1. 本土化 + 中国元素增多：传统文化、非遗、中国科技、生态文明。2. 贴近真实生活：垃圾分类、健康生活、校园安全、AI 应用。3. 跨学科融合：结合科学、地理、历史知识。4. 少量图表结合：图表 + 文字，考查图文转换。
Scan the passage and match the main idea.
D. It intrduces the real Flaming Muntains, which are lcated in Turpan, in the east f the Xinjiang Uygur Autnmus Regin.
A. It explains the structure, wrking principle and great value f the karez system, nting that it is ne f the tp three prjects f ancient China.
B. It describes the extremely ht and dry climate f Turpan, and intrduces the ancient karez system as the key t peple's survival there.
C. It talks abut the current water shrtage in Turpan, the nging rle f the karez system, and yung peple's effrts t prtect it.
Scan the passage, divide the passage and write the main idea f each part.
Intrductin & Backgrund
Prblem Raising & Tpic Intrductin
Detailed Explanatin & Cre Cntent
Current Situatin & Future Outlk
Explains the karez system's structure, wrking principle, scale and histrical imprtance in supprting life in Turpan.
Mentins the Flaming Muntains frm Jurney t the West and intrduces their real lcatin in Turpan, Xinjiang.
Describes Turpan's harsh ht and dry climate, then intrduces the karez system as the key t survival there.
Discusses Turpan's water shrtage, the nging rle f the karez system, and yung peple's effrts t prtect it.
Read the passage and select the crrect answer.
1. Why is Turpan called ne f the driest places in China?A. Because there is n rainfall all year rund.B. Because the desert sand absrbs all the rainwater quickly.C. Because its annual rainfall is nly 16 mm.D. Because the high temperature evaprates all the rainwater.2. Which f the fllwing abut the karez system is NOT true?A. It includes mre than 1,000 wells.B. The undergrund canals are kept cl t avid desert heat.C. The ttal length f its undergrund canals is nearly as lng as the Yellw River.D. It was built with mdern machines t save labur.
3. Hw d the wells in the karez system wrk?A. They stre rainwater in the desert.B. They cllect muntain water and guide it thrugh undergrund canals.C. They pump grundwater t the surface fr farming.D. They cl dwn the desert sand arund them.4. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?A. The karez system is n lnger useful with mdern technlgy.B. The water shrtage in Turpan is caused nly by less rainfall.C. Yung peple are wrking t prtect the karez system.D. The karez system will be replaced by new water prjects sn.
Cmplete the diagram with the wrds and expressins frm the passage.
httest areas
cl and safe frm the desert heat
The karez system
driest places
then runs undergrund
tp three prjects
grw plants fr fd
Answer the questins.
1. Why des the writer mentin "the Flaming Muntains" at the beginning?
T attract readers' attentin and t lead int the tpic f the real Flaming Muntains and their lcatin in Turpan.
2. What can yu tell abut Turpan frm "ck an egg n the desert sand"?
It tells us that Turpan is extremely ht, with a very high temperature.
3. What's the meaning f the title?
It intrduces the real place where the Flaming Muntains are (Turpan, Xinjiang) and the extremely ht climate f Turpan.
1. What fact frm the passage d yu find the mst interesting? Why?
The mst interesting fact is that the karez system has ver 5,000 km f undergrund canals—nearly as lng as the Yellw River. This is amazing because it was built with nly hand tls and the system still functins tday.
2. With mdern technlgy, d yu think it is still necessary t keep the karez system? Why r why nt?
Yes, the karez system shuld still be kept because it represents ancient wisdm and shuld be preserved as a histrical treasure.
Learning t think fr questin 2 It's imprtant t cmpare advantages and disadvantages f an ancient technlgy. In this way, we can make reasnable decisins abut its usage in mdern sciety.
学习思考题 2比较一种古老技术的优缺点非常重要。通过这种方式，我们能够就其在现代社会中的应用做出合理的决策。
Write a passage abut hw peple change nature.
While-writing
Step 1 Think f ne example f peple changing nature. D research and find sme interesting facts.
如何写人类改造自然的文章
一、写作主题立意核心立意：人类合理改造自然改善生活，但过度改造会破坏环境，我们要人与自然和谐共处。二、写作思路（三段式，最好用）第一段：开篇引入点明主题：人类一直在改变、利用大自然，改造自然方便生活。写法模板：Nature gives us many resurces. Fr a lng time, humans have changed nature t live better. Sme changes are helpful, but thers bring prblems.第二段：主体分两点
人类改造自然的好处：修建建筑、开垦土地、发展科技、改善生活；过度改造的问题：污染、砍伐树木、动物失去家园、环境变差。写法模板：Humans d many things t change nature. We build huses and cities, farm mre land and develp new technlgy. These changes make ur life easier and mre cmfrtable. Hwever, if we change nature t much, serius prblems will appear. Peple cut dwn lts f trees and pllute air and water. As a result, wild animals lse their hmes and ur envirnment becmes wrse and wrse.第三段：结尾升华观点：合理利用自然，改造的同时保护环境，人与自然和谐共处。写法模板：In my pinin, we shuld use nature in a wise way. We can make prper
changes t meet ur needs, but we must never damage the earth. It is ur duty tprtect nature. Only in this way can humans live in harmny with nature frever.三、高分万能短语change and remake nature 改造自然make ur life easier 让生活更便利cut dwn trees 砍伐树木build factries and cities 建造工厂与城市develp new technlgy 发展科技cause pllutin 造成污染lse their hmes 失去家园live in harmny with nature 与自然和谐共处prtect the envirnment 保护环境四、万能句型Humans have changed nature fr a lng time. 人类长久以来一直在改造自然。
We try ur best t make life better by changing nature. 我们通过改造自然努力让生活变好。Hwever, t much change brings many prblems. 然而，过度改造带来许多问题。It is imprtant fr us t use nature wisely. 明智利用自然对我们很重要。We shuld prtect nature while develping ur life. 我们要在发展生活的同时保护自然。五、写作避坑要点多用简单句 + and/but连接，少用复杂长句；例子简洁对应，每点一句话，不啰唆；必须包含：改造行为 + 好处 + 过度改造的危害 + 个人观点，结构完整不丢分。
Step 2 Write yur passage with the help f the chart.
Intrduce the tpic.
What is the system / idea f changing nature?Where is it?When did it start?
Further explain the system / idea.
What are sme amazing facts?Hw des the system / idea wrk?
Share the imprtance f the system / idea and summarise yur thughts.
Hw imprtant is it?Will peple keep it in the future?
The Three Grges DamThe Three Grges Dam is a huge prject. It shws hw peple change nature. It's built acrss the Yangtze River in central China. Peple started planning it in the 20th century. The main building wrk began in 1994.The Three Grges Dam is really amazing in engineering. It's abut 2,335 metres lng and 185 metres high. When the reservir (水库) is full, it can hld a lt f water. It really lwers the chance f big flds dwnstream (下游). Befre, flds in the Yangtze River destryed many huses and hurt peple.
The dam cntrls hw the Yangtze River flws. When it rains a lt, the dam stres water. In dry seasns, it lets water ut. This helps fight flds and gives water fr drinking, farming and factries. There's als a big hydrelectric (水力发电的) pwer statin here. The mving water makes turbines (涡轮机) spin (旋转) t prduce electricity. This cuts dwn n using fssil fuels.The Three Grges Dam is very imprtant. It prtects millins f peple frm flds. It prvides steady (稳定的) water and clean energy. Peple will keep using and taking care f it. But we need t watch ut fr hw it affects the envirnment, like changes t ecsystems. This way, the prject can keep helping and hurt nature less.
Pst-writing
Step 3Check. Did yu: clearly explain hw the system / idea wrks?use the wrds and expressins frm the reading passage?give yur pinin abut changing nature?
Step 4Share yur passage with the class.
prbably /ˈprɒbəbli/ adv. 很可能，大概
例句：He will prbably cme late. 他很可能会迟到。1. prbable /ˈprɒbəbl/adj. 很可能的例句：It is prbable that he will win. 他很可能会赢。2. prbability /ˌprɒbəˈbɪləti/n. 可能性例句：There is a high prbability f snw tmrrw. 明天下雪的可能性很大。易混辨析：prbably vs. maybe vs. perhapsprbably：可能性最大，语气最强例句：He will prbably pass the exam. 他很可能通过考试。maybe / perhaps：可能性中等，语气较弱，多用于口语例句：Maybe he is at hme. 他或许在家。Perhaps we can g there tgether. 也许我们可以一起去。
crazy /ˈkreɪzi/ adj. 疯狂的
例句：It is a crazy idea. 这是个疯狂的想法。be crazy abut … 对…… 着迷；热衷于例句：He is crazy abut playing basketball. 他对打篮球很着迷。drive sb. crazy 使某人发疯；让某人受不了例句：The nise drives me crazy. 这噪音快把我逼疯了。crazily /ˈkreɪzɪli/adv. 疯狂地；狂热地例句：He ran crazily dwn the street. 他在街上疯狂地跑。易混辨析：crazy vs. madcrazy 多指“狂热、着迷、不理智”，口语常用，不一定真的精神失常。例句：She's crazy abut dancing. 她痴迷跳舞。mad 可表示 “生气的”，也可表示 “疯的”，语气更重。例句：Dn't be mad at me. 别生我的气。
survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 活下来，幸存
例句：He was the nly ne t survive the accident. 他是这场事故中唯一的幸存者。survive frm… 从…… 存活下来例句：Sme ld traditins still survive frm ancient times. 一些古老传统从古代一直保留至今。survive n… 靠…… 维持生计 / 勉强活下去例句：He survives n bread and water every day. 他每天靠面包和水勉强糊口。survive sth. 从…… 中挺过来例句：Few buildings survived the big fire. 大火过后几乎没有建筑幸存。1. survival /səˈvaɪvl/n. 生存；幸存例句：His survival was surprising. 他能活下来令人惊讶。2. survivr /səˈvaɪvə(r)/n. 幸存者，生还者例句：The survivrs were sent t hspital at nce. 幸存者立刻被送往医院。
undergrund /ˈʌndəɡraʊnd/ adj. 地（面）下的
例句：There is an undergrund rm in the huse. 房子里有一间地下室。g undergrund 转入地下；隐藏起来例句：The animal went undergrund t keep safe. 这只动物躲到地下以保证安全。undergrund adv. 在地下例句：The water flws undergrund. 水在地下流动。undergrund n. 地铁（英式常用）例句：I take the undergrund t schl every day. 我每天乘地铁上学。易混辨析：undergrund vs. belwundergrund：强调在地面以下，例如：The pipe is undergrund.belw：只表示在…… 下方，不一定在地下，例如：The sun is belw the cluds.
amng /əˈmʌŋ/ prep. 是...之一
例句：She is amng the best students in ur class. 她是我们班最优秀的学生之一。用法：用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间。表示 “是…… 之一”，常用结构：be amng + 复数名词。表示 “在…… 中间；被…… 环绕”。表示 “在…… 群体中；共同拥有”。amng thers 除了别的以外；其中包括例句：He speaks French, Japanese, amng thers. 他会说法语、日语，还有其他语言。amng the best/wrst 名列前茅 / 倒数例句：This sng is amng the mst ppular this year. 这首歌是今年最受欢迎的歌曲之一。
increase /ˈɪnkriːs/ v. 增加，增多，增长
例句：The ppulatin cntinues t increase. 人口在持续增长。increase by … 增加了……例句：The number f students increased by 20%. 学生数量增加了 20%。increase t … 增加到……例句：The temperature increased t 30℃. 气温上升到了 30 摄氏度。increase in sth 在某方面增长例句：There has been an increase in traffic. 交通流量有所增加。1. increasing adj. 不断增加的例句：There is an increasing number f cars. 汽车数量越来越多。2. increasingly adv. 越来越；日益例句：It is becming increasingly difficult. 这变得越来越难。
3. decrease v. & n. 减少（反义词）例句：The number f animals is decreasing. 动物数量正在减少。易混辨析：increase vs. addincrease：数量、速度、价格、程度等变大、变多例句：The cst increased a lt. 成本大幅增加。add：把东西加上去，侧重 “添加”例句：Please add sme salt. 请加点盐。increase vs. riseincrease：可作及物动词，可直接加宾语例句：We increased the price. 我们提高了价格。rise：不及物动词，不能直接加宾语例句：The price rse. 价格上涨了。