2026高考英语专题复习之历年真题精选汇编（教师版）_专题十四　阅读理解——议论文

这是一份2026高考英语专题复习之历年真题精选汇编（教师版）_专题十四　阅读理解——议论文，共6页。
Life n city streets started t change decades ag. Whle neighburhds were destryed t make way fr new rad netwrks and kids had t play elsewhere. Sme cmmunities fught back. Mst famusly，a Canadian jurnalist wh had mved her family t Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign t stp the destructin f her lcal park. Describing her alarm at its prpsed replacement with an expressway，Jane Jacbs called n her mayr(市长) t champin “New Yrk as a decent place t live，and nt just rush thrugh. ” Similar campaigns ccurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Althugh these campaigns were widespread，the reality is that the majrity f the western cities were cmpletely redesigned arund the needs f the mtr car. The number f cars n rads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we nw have ver twenty millin cars fr just ver twenty-six millin peple，amng the highest rate f car wnership in the wrld.
We invest a lt in rads that help us rush thrugh，but we fail t accunt fr the true csts. D we really recgnise what it csts us as a sciety when children can’t mve safely arund ur cmmunities? The authrs f Mvement have it right: it’s time t think differently abut that street utside yur frnt dr.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市街道建设过度围绕汽车设计而导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。
28．What phenmenn des the authr pint ut in paragraph 1?
A．Cars ften get stuck n the rad.
B．Traffic accidents ccur frequently.
C．Peple walk less and drive mre.
D．Pedestrians fail t fllw the rules.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段可知，街道上行人的流动性下降，家长为了孩子的出行安全，也选择开车送孩子上学。因此，作者在第一段指出的现象是人们步行减少，开车增多。故选C项。
29．What were the Canadian jurnalist and ther campaigners trying t d?
A．Keep their cities livable.
B．Prmte cultural diversity.
C．Help the needy families.
D．Make expressways accessible.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Mst famusly，a Canadian jurnalist. . . Jane Jacbs called n her mayr(市长) t champin ‘New Yrk as a decent place t live，and nt just rush thrugh. ’Similar campaigns ccurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. ”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者试图保持城市宜居性。故选A项。
30．What can be inferred abut the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s?
A．They bsted the sales f cars.
B．They turned ut largely ineffective.
C．They wn gvernment supprt.
D．They advcated building new parks.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Althugh these campaigns were widespread，the reality is that the majrity f the western cities were cmpletely redesigned arund the needs f the mtr car. The number f cars n rads has been increasing rapidly. ”可推知，20世纪60年代末到70年代澳大利亚的这些活动基本上没有效果。故选B项。
31．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Why the Rush?
B．What’s Next?
C．Where t Stay?
D．Wh t Blame?
【答案】A
【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文，并根据最后一段中“We invest a lt in rads that help us rush thrugh，but we fail t accunt fr the true csts. D we really recgnise what it csts us as a sciety when children can’t mve safely arund ur cmmunities？”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，并呼吁重新思考街道的意义。A项“Why the Rush？(为何匆匆？)”质问“rush thrugh(匆匆通行)”的街道规划理念，适合作为本文标题。故选A项。
(2024·全国甲, D)
“I didn't like the ending，” I said t my favrite cllege prfessr. It was my junir year f undergraduate，and I was ding an independent study n Victrian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill n the Flss by Gerge Elit，and I was heartbrken with the ending. Prf. Gracie，with all his patience，asked me t think abut it beynd whether I liked it r nt. He suggested I think abut the difference between endings that I wanted fr the characters and endings that were right fr the characters，endings that satisfied the stry even if they didn't have a traditinally psitive utcme. Of curse，I wuld have preferred a different ending fr Tm and Maggie Tulliver，but the ending they gt did make the mst sense fr them.
This was an aha mment fr me，and I never thught abut endings the same way again. Frm then n，if I wanted t read an ending guaranteed t be happy，I'd pick up a lve rmance. If I wanted an ending I culdn't guess，I'd pick up a mystery(悬疑小说)．One where I kind f knew what was ging t happen，histrical fictin. Chsing what t read became easier.
But writing the end—that's hard. It's hard fr writers because endings carry s much weight with readers. Yu have t balance creating an ending that's unpredictable，but desn't seem t cme frm nwhere，ne that fits what's right fr the characters.
That's why this issue(期) f Writer's Digest aims t help yu figure ut hw t write the best ending fr whatever kind f writing yu're ding. If it's shrt stries，Peter Muntfrd breaks dwn six techniques yu can try t see which ne helps yu stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters f five great nvels t see what key pints they include and hw yu can adapt them fr yur wrk.
This issue wn't tell yu what yur ending shuld be—that's up t yu and the stry yu're telling—but it might prvide what yu need t get there.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。作者从《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》的结局展开说明创作小说结局并非易事，最后提出解决办法——本期《作家文摘》将指导如何创作各类文学作品的结局。
32．Why did the authr g t Prf. Gracie?
A．T discuss a nvel.
B．T submit a bk reprt.
C．T argue fr a writer.
D．T ask fr a reading list.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，作者在大三时读完乔治·艾略特的小说《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》后，将自己不喜欢小说结局的感受告诉了格雷西教授。教授带着极大的耐心告诉作者要超越个人喜好去思考小说的结局，并提出了一些相关的建议。由此可知，作者去找格雷西教授是为了讨论小说。故选A。
33．What did the authr realize after seeing Prf. Gracie?
A．Writing is a matter f persnal preferences.
B．Readers are ften carried away by characters.
C．Each type f literature has its unique ending.
D．A stry which begins well will end well.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段首句“This was an aha mment fr me，and I never thught abut endings the same way again. ”及下文的举例可知，见过格雷西教授后，作者意识到了每种类型的文学都有其独特的结局。故选C。
34．What is expected f a gd ending?
A．It satisfies readers' taste.
B．It fits with the stry develpment.
C．It is usually psitive.
D．It is pen fr imaginatin.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Yu have t balance creating an ending that's unpredictable，but desn't seem t cme frm nwhere，ne that fits what's right fr the characters. ”可知，人们对一个好结局的期望是结局要出乎意料但又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定，也就是符合故事的发展。故选B。
35．Why des the authr mentin Peter Muntfrd and Elizabeth Sims?
A．T give examples f great nvelists.
B．T stress the theme f this issue.
C．T encurage writing fr the magazine.
D．T recmmend their new bks.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段首句可知，本期《作家文摘》旨在帮助读者给自己的作品写出最好的结局，接着作者提到彼得·蒙福德和伊丽莎白·西姆斯将如何进行这方面的指导。由此可知，作者提到这两个人是为了强调这期杂志的主题。故选B。
(2022·全国甲, D)
Smetime in the early 1960s，a significant thing happened in Sydney，Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then，ne after anther，Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there—brad parks，superb beaches，and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.
Andrew Reynlds，a cheerful fellw in his early 30s，pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine，and we went ur separate ways—he fr a lunch break，I t explre the city.
“I’ll miss these ld bats，” he said as we parted.
“Hw d yu mean？” I asked.
“Oh，they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster，but they’re nt s elegant，and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress，I guess. ”
Everywhere in Sydney these days，change and prgress are the watchwrds(口号)，and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald，the city’s fficial histrian，tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s，Sydney swept aside much f its past，including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself，” she said. “We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving(解决)．”
On the ther hand，being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry，” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians，when they came t Australia，brught 2,000 years f their culture，the Greeks sme 3,000 years，and the Chinese mre still. We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat. ”
He is right，but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼在发展中面临的问题。
12．What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A．Sydney’s striking architecture.
B．The cultural diversity f Sydney.
C．The key t Sydney’s develpment.
D．Sydney’s turist attractins in the 1960s.
【答案】C
【解析】段落大意题。根据第一段中的“Smetime in the early 1960s，a significant thing happened in Sydney，Australia. The city discvered its harbr. ”以及“But it is the harbr that makes the city. ”可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C项。
13．What can we learn abut Andrew Reynlds?
A．He ges t wrk by bat.
B．He lks frward t a new life.
C．He pilts catamarans well.
D．He is attached t the ld ferries.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Andrew Reynlds，a cheerful fellw in his early 30s，pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. ”，第三段中的“I’ll miss these ld bats”以及第五段中的“Catamarans are faster，but they’re nt s elegant，and they’re nt fun t pilt. ”可知，渡轮领航员Andrew Reynlds非常喜欢老式渡船。故选D项。
14．What des Shirley Fitzgerald think f Sydney?
A．It is lsing its traditins.
B．It shuld speed up its prgress.
C．It shuld expand its ppulatin.
D．It is becming mre internatinal.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“. . . traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald，the city’s fficial histrian，tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s，Sydney swept aside much f its past，including many f its finest buildings. ”可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A项。
15．Which statement will the authr prbably agree with?
A．A city can be yung and ld at the same time.
B．A city built n ancient cultures is mre dynamic.
C．Mdernity is usually achieved at the cst f elegance.
D．Cmprmise shuld be made between the lcal and the freign.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“On the ther hand，being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. ”以及最后一段中的“He is right”可推知，作者赞同Anthny的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A项。
(2023·全国乙, D)
If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld，a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity，yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne，because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts，while mst f the wrld，fr mst f the time，has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements，and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects，and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that，but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict，at Btany Bay，between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side，we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side，we have nly a wden shield(盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day，the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides，there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted，especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain，the Australian Abriginals，the African peple f Benin and the Incas，all f whm appear in this bk，can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact(联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these，all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted，nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin，we have t read nt just the texts，but the bjects.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
32．What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A．Hw past events shuld be presented.
B．What humanity is cncerned abut.
C．Whether facts speak luder than wrds.
D．Why written language is reliable.
【答案】A
【解析】段落大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。
33．What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in paragraph 2?
A．His reprt was scientific.
B．He represented the lcal peple.
C．He ruled ver Btany Bay.
D．His recrd was ne-sided.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段首句可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“Frm the English side，we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side，we have nly a wden shield(盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. ”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。
34．What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Prblem. B．Histry.
C．Vice. D．Sciety.
【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第一段可知，不能仅仅通过文本讲述历史，再根据画线单词上文可知，物品同样能讲述历史，文字描述只能说明一半的历史。画线句“If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin，we have t read nt just the texts，but the bjects. ”强调解读物品来了解历史的另一半。所以cnversatin指的是“历史”。故选B。
35．Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?
A．Hw Maps Tell Stries f the Wrld
B．A Shrt Histry f Australia
C．A Histry f the Wrld in 100 Objects
D．Hw Art Wrks Tell Stries
【答案】C
【解析】文章出处题。根据第一段、第二段最后一句以及最后一段的二、三句和最后一句可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好地了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
(2021·全国甲, D)
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let’s state clearly：Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It’s said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别) are “really, really smart”. Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief：Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart”. Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn’t take a genius t knw the answer：abslutely nt.
Here’s the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we’re all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素) like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld”.
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了“天才”的定义标准及其演变。
12. What des the authr think f victrs’ standards fr jining the genius club?
A. They’re unfair.
B. They’re cnservative.
C. They’re bjective.
D. They’re strict.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“In the sciences and arts. . . wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers. ” 可知, 历史是由胜利者书写的, 被认定为天才的大多是有欧洲血统的白人男性, 而做出贡献的女性或不同肤色的人则不被认可, 因此可以推知, 作者认为这样的标准并不公平, 故A项正确。
13. What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They lk up t great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than bys.
D. They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段的内容尤其是“Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief. . . ” 可知, 研究发现女孩受到社会观念的影响, 从六岁起就不怎么说她们当中有人“非常非常聪明”, 也会避免参加一些据说是“针对非常非常聪明的孩子” 的活动, 故D项正确。
14. Why are mre geniuses knwn t the public?
A. Imprved glbal cmmunicatin.
B. Less discriminatin against wmen.
C. Acceptance f victrs’ cncepts.
D. Changes in peple’s scial psitins.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we’re all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. ” 可知, 现代社会的全球交流使得越来越多的天才能够为人所知, 故A项正确。
15. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike
B. Genius Takes Many Frms
C. Genius and Intelligence
D. Genius and Luck
【答案】B
【解析】标题归纳题。本文在第一段提出了数百年来人们一直关注的问题：什么是天才。接着作者讲述了过去人们对天才的认定以及社会观念对天才的认定标准的影响, 最后作者讲到随着时代的发展、全球交流的加强, 天才可以是各行各业任意一个能够改变世界的人, 故B项适合作本文的标题。
(2021·全国乙, B)
When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline(座机)?
These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter (29%) rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey (调查). Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr(因素)—nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn’t the nly factr；I’d say it’s als t d with the makeup f yur husehld.
Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne (using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it).
Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
【语篇解读】现在, 几乎每个人都有一部手机, 但超过半数的澳大利亚家庭仍然在使用座机。
24. What des Paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?
A. Their target users.
B. Their wide ppularity.
C. Their majr functins.
D. Their cmplex design.
【答案】B
【解析】段落大意题。根据第二段的“yu’d be hard pressed t find. . . In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime”可知, 手机在澳大利亚非常普遍, 故B项正确。
25. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据下文中的“it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket. . . in case f emergencies”可知, 调查显示, 在仍然使用座机的澳大利亚人中, 有三分之一的人承认座机并不是真的有必要, 他们只是把座机当作一种安全保障。由此可推断, 画线词cncede的含义与admit相近, 表示“承认”, 故A项正确。
26. What can we say abut Baby Bmers?
A. They like smartphne games.
B. They enjy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phnes.
D. They are attached t their family.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段的“84 percent f Baby Bmers wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years”和第五段的“That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents”可知, 生育高峰期出生的人一直在使用座机, 故C项正确。
27. What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall ut f use sme day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as imprtant as the gas light.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries？”可知, 座机迟早会像煤气路灯和晨间牛奶递送服务一样退出我们的生活。故B项正确。
(2021·北京, D)
Early fifth­century philspher St. Augustine famusly wrte that he knew what time was unless smene asked him. Albert Einstein added anther wrinkle when he therized that time varies depending n where yu measure it. Tday’s state­f­the­art atmic(原子的) clcks have prven Einstein right. Even advanced physics can’t decisively tell us what time is，because the answer depends n the questin yu’re asking.
Frget abut time as an abslute. What if，instead f cnsidering time in terms f astrnmy，we related time t eclgy？What if we allwed envirnmental cnditins t set the temp(节奏) f human life？We’re increasingly aware f the fact that we can’t cntrl Earth systems with engineering alne，and realizing that we need t mderate(调节)ur actins if we hpe t live in balance. What if ur definitin f time reflected that?
Recently，I cnceptualized a new apprach t timekeeping that’s cnnected t circumstances n ur planet，cnditins that might change as a result f glbal warming. We’re nw building a clck at the Anchrage Museum that reflects the ttal flw f several majr Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive t lcal and glbal envirnmental changes. We’ve prgrammed it t match an atmic clck if the waterways cntinue t flw at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future n average，the clck will get ahead f standard time. If they run slwer，yu’ll see the ppsite effect.
The clck registers bth shrt­term irregularities and lng­term trends in river dynamics. It’s a srt f bservatry that reveals hw the rivers are behaving frm their wn tempral frame(时间框架)，and allws us t witness thse changes n ur smartwatches r phnes. Anyne wh pts t g n Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmny with the planet. Anyne wh cnsiders river time in relatin t atmic time will encunter a majr imbalance and may be mtivated t cunteract it by cnsuming less fuel r supprting greener plicies.
Even if this methd f timekeeping is nvel in its particulars，early agricultural scieties als cnnected time t natural phenmena. In pre­Classical Greece，fr instance，peple “crrected” fficial calendars by shifting dates frward r backward t reflect the change f seasn. Tempral cnnectin t the envirnment was vital t their survival. Likewise，river time and ther timekeeping systems we’re develping may encurage envirnmental awareness.
When St. Augustine admitted his inability t define time, he highlighted ne f time ’s mst nticeable qualities：Time becmes meaningful nly in a defined cntext. Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praisewrthy as its purpse.
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。时间并不是一个绝对值，没有人可以很准确地说出时间。作者最近提出了一种新的计时方式，以自然活动为参考来记录时间，从而增强人们关爱自然、与自然和谐相处的意识。
31．What is the main idea f Paragraph 1?
A．Timekeeping is increasingly related t nature.
B．Everyne can define time n their wn terms.
C．The qualities f time vary with hw yu measure it.
D．Time is a majr cncern f philsphers and scientists.
【答案】B
【解析】段落大意题。第一段的前两句列举圣·奥古斯丁和爱因斯坦的例子是为了说明最后一句“Even advanced physics can’t decisively tell us what time is，because the answer depends n the questin yu’re asking. ”，由此可知本段主要讲每个人都有自己判断时间的标准，故B项正确。
32．The authr raises three questins in Paragraph 2 mainly t .
A．present an assumptin
B．evaluate an argument
C．highlight an experiment
D．intrduce an apprach
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的三个问句和第三段首句中的“a new apprach”可知，这些问题的提出都是为了引出下一段中作者提出的一种新的计时方法，故D项“介绍一种方法”正确。
33．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．Thse wh d nt g n river time will live an imbalanced life.
B．New ways f measuring time can help t cntrl Earth systems.
C．Atmic time will get ahead f river time if the rivers run slwer.
D．Mdern technlgy may help t shape the rivers’ tempral frame.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“If the rivers run faster in the future n average，the clck will get ahead f standard time. If they run slwer，yu’ll see the ppsite effect. ”可推断，如果将来河流的平均流速更快，那么河流时间会比标准时间(原子表)走得快，反之亦然，故C项正确。
34．What can we infer frm this passage?
A．It is crucial t imprve the definitin f time.
B．A fixed frame will make time meaningless.
C．We shuld live in harmny with nature.
D．Histry is a mirrr reflecting reality.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Anyne wh pts t g n Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmny with the planet. . . cnsuming less fuel r supprting greener plicies. ”可以推断，我们应该与自然和谐相处，故C项正确。
(2021·天津卷第一次, B)
Abut five weeks ag，I nticed the skin f ur pet lizard was grwing dusty. It wrried me. I reprted the strange surface n the skin f the lizard t my husband and children the next mrning. Secnds later，ur lizard emerged frm its tank with its ld skin flwing behind it.
I didn’t think abut it much until a mrning last week when I kncked my favrite teapt ff the table. It burst int hundreds f pieces. As I swept up the mess，I wndered why we had been breaking s many things ver the mnths.
The destructin started three mnths ag. It was my husband’s birthday. He had just lst his jb. The uncertainty was starting t wear n us，s I wanted t d smething special.
“Let’s make a cake fr Dad！” I cried.
My kids screamed with jy. We baked，iced and sprinkled fr mst f the day. Candles n the cake! Ballns n the walls! Flwers n the table!
Tw hurs befre my husband came back hme frm anther jb interview，my daughter climbed up t grab a glass vase frm a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces f glass were everywhere. She sbbed ludly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding fr his birthday.
Three days ag，the light in ur living rm suddenly went ut. After several frustrating hurs f unsuccessful attempts t fix it，my husband suggested watching the Michael Jrdan dcumentary series The Last Dance.
The pignancy f Jrdan retiring frm his belved basketball t play baseball and what had pushed him t make such a tugh decisin tk me by surprise. As I watched him take ff his basketball unifrm and replace it with a baseball unifrm，I saw him leaving behind the layer that n lnger served him，just as ur lizard had. Neither f them chse the mment that had transfrmed them. But they had t live with wh they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have t learn t leave the past behind.
Humans d nt shed skin as easily as ther animals. The beginning f change is upsetting. The prcess is tiring. Damage changes us befre we are ready. I see ur lizard，raw and nearly new.
Jrdan said that n matter hw it ends，it starts with hpe. With ur tender，hpeful skin，that is where we begin.
【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的丈夫刚刚丢了工作，这种不确定性开始影响到家人，直到作者看到家里的宠物蜥蜴换皮和观看了Michael Jrdan的纪录片《最后的舞蹈》后，领悟到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后，像蜥蜴一样，用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，作为新的起点，继续前行。
40．What can we learn abut the pet lizard frm Paragraph 1?
A．Its tank grew dirty.
B．Its ld skin came ff.
C．It gt a skin disease.
D．It went missing.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Secnds later，ur lizard emerged frm its tank with its ld skin flwing behind it. ”可知，宠物蜥蜴旧的皮肤脱落了。故选B。
41．Why did the authr’s husband have banana pudding fr his birthday?
A．The birthday cake was ruined.
B．The authr made gd puddings.
C．Pudding was his favrite dessert.
D．They culdn’t affrd a birthday cake.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第六段可知，就在作者的丈夫参加另一场工作面试回家前两个小时，作者的女儿爬到一个高高的架子上去抓一个玻璃花瓶。结果它掉下来摔碎在蛋糕旁边。到处都是细小的玻璃碎片。当作者把蛋糕扔掉时，女儿大声抽泣，最后丈夫只能吃香蕉布丁来过生日。故作者的丈夫吃香蕉布丁过生日是因为生日蛋糕被毁了。故选A。
42．Why des the authr mentin The Last Dance in the passage?
A．T prve a thery.
B．T define a cncept.
C．T develp the theme.
D．T prvide the backgrund.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段内容“Jrdan从心爱的篮球事业退役，转而打棒球，这是多么令人痛心的事情，是什么促使他做出如此艰难的决定，让我感到惊讶。当我看着他脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，我看到他脱下了那层不再适合他的衣服，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和这个生活发生变化的自己在一起，就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后。”以及最后一段内容“Jrdan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤来作为我们的起点。”可推知，作者在文章中提到The Last Dance是为了展开文章关于放手过去，重新开始的主题。故选C。
43．The underlined part “leaving behind the layer” in Paragraph 8 can be understd as .
A．letting g f the past
B．lking fr a new jb
C．getting rid f a bad habit
D．giving up an pprtunity
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Neither f them chse the mment that had transfrmed them. But they had t live with wh they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have t learn t leave the past behind. ”可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，意识到他放下了过去，把过去抛在脑后了。即画线词意思是“放下过去”。故选A。
44．What des the authr mst likely want t tell us?
A．Lve f family helps us survive great hardships.
B．It’s nt the end f the wrld if we break things.
C．We shuld mve n n matter what happens.
D．Past experiences shuld be treasured.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。通读全文尤其根据最后一段内容“Jrdan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤来作为我们的起点。”可推知，作者最有可能想告诉我们：无论发生什么，我们都应该继续前进。故选C。
(2021·天津卷第一次, D)
There is smething t be said fr being a generalist，even if yu are a specialist. Knwing a little abut a lt f things that interest yu can add t the richness f a whle，well­lived life.
Sciety pushes us t specialize，t becme experts. This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin，branch f study r research. The drawback t being specialists is that we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. There is a great deal f pressure t master ne’s field. Yu may pursue training，degrees，r increasing levels f respnsibility at wrk. Then yu discver the pressure f having t keep up.
Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty. But such cmmitment can als weaken a sense f freedm. These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night，then lk back and realize they wuld have lved t have gne hme and enjyed the sweetness f their family and friends，r traveled t exciting places，meeting interesting peple. Mastering ne thing t the exclusin(排除)f thers can hld back yur true spirit.
Generalists，n the ther hand，knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins. They are peple f ability，talent，and enthusiasm wh can bring their brad perspective(视角)int specific fields f expertise (专长)．The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr，ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills.
Things are cnnected. Let yur expertise in ne field fuel yur passins in all related areas. Sme f yur interests may nt appear t be cnnected but，nce yu explre their depths，yu discver that they are. My editr Tni，wh is als a writer，has edited several histry bks. She has decided t study Chinese histry. Fascinated by the structural beauty f the Frbidden City as a painter，she is equally interested t learn mre abut Chinese philsphy. “I dn’t knw where it will lead，but I’m excited I’m n this pursuit. ”
These expansins int new wrlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin t see the intercnnectedness f ne thing t anther in all aspects f ur life，f urselves and the universe. Develp brad，general knwledge and experience. The universe is all yurs t explre and enjy.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不只是当某方面的专家。51．T becme a specialist，ne may have t .
A．narrw his range f knwledge
B．avid respnsibilities at wrk
C．knw mre abut the sciety
D．braden his perspective n life
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。第二段中提到“This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin，branch f study r research. The drawback t being specialists is that we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. (成为专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越多。)”由此可推知，一个人要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他的知识范围。故选A。
52．The specialists mentined in Paragraph 3 tend t .
A．treasure their freedm
B．travel arund the wrld
C．spend mst time wrking
D．enjy meeting funny peple
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。第三段中提到“Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty. . . . These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night (有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。……这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点)”由此可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。
53．Accrding t the authr，a superir dctr is ne wh .
A．is fully aware f his talent and ability
B．is a pure specialist in medicine
C．shuld lve petry and philsphy
D．brings knwledge f ther fields t wrk
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr，ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills. (这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。)”可推知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。
54．What des the authr intend t shw with the example f Tni?
A．Passin alne des nt ensure a persn’s success.
B．In­depth explratin makes discveries pssible.
C．Everyne has a chance t succeed in their pursuit.
D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way cnnected.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。第五段中提到“事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。”；下文接着举出Tni的例子“我的编辑Tni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。”由此可以推断，作者想通过Tni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。
55．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．Be Mre a Generalist than a Specialist
B．Specialist r Generalist：Hard t Decide
C．Turn a Generalist int a Specialist
D．Ways t Becme a Generalist
【答案】A
【解析】标题归纳题。文章第一段首句提出观点“There is smething t be said fr being a generalist，even if yu are a specialist. (即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才)”；第二段中的“The drawback t being specialists is that we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. ”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越多；第四段中的“Generalists，. . . ，knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins. ”说明当通才的优点往往对许多学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。综上可知，作者的观点是当一个通才。因此文章的最佳标题应为“做一个通才，而不只是专家”。故选A。
(2020·全国Ⅱ, D)
I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.
My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld. It was a dream jb and I did everything frm shelving bks t reading t the children fr stry time.
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and bks were ur main surce(来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them.
I always read, using different vices, as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it! It was a special time t bnd with my children and it filled them with the wnderment f bks.
Nw, I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.
As a nvelist, I’ve fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can’t affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.
【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
32. Which wrd best describes the authr’s relatinship with bks as a child?
A. Cperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
33. What des the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Pleasure frm wrking in the library.
B. Jy f reading passed n in the family.
C. Wnderment frm acting ut the stries.
D. A clser bnd develped with the readers.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew lder and became a mther可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文"I had several children and bks were ur main surce (来源) f entertainment. It …read r bks they wanted me t read t them"可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
34. What des the authr call n ther writers t d?
A. Spnsr bk fairs. B. Write fr scial media.
C. Supprt libraries. D. Purchase her nvels.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的"I think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant …scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can. "可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
35. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Reading: A Surce f Knwledge
B. My Idea abut Writing
C. Library: A Haven fr the Yung
D. My Lve f the Library
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故选D。
(2020·江苏，D)
I was in the middle f the Amazn(亚马逊) with my wife，wh was there as a medical researcher. We flew n a small plane t a faraway village. We did nt speak the lcal language，did nt knw the custms，and mre ften than nt，did nt entirely recgnize the fd. We culd nt have felt mre freign.
We were raised n bks and cmputers，highways and cell phnes，but nw we were living in a village withut running water r electricity. It was easy fr us t g t sleep at the end f the day feeling a little misunderstd.
Then ne perfect Amaznian evening，with mnkeys calling frm beynd the village green，we played sccer. I am nt gd at sccer，but that evening it was wnderful. Everyne knew the rules. We all spke the same language f passes and shts. We understd ne anther perfectly. As darkness came ver the field and the match ended，the gal keeper，Juan，walked ver t me and said in a matter­f­fact way，“In yur hme，d yu have a mn t？” I was surprised.
After I explained t Juan that yes，we did have a mn and yes，it was very similar t his，I felt a srt f awe(敬畏) at the pssibilities that existed in his wrld. In Juan’s wrld，each village culd have its wn mn. In Juan’s wrld，the unknwn and undiscvered was vast and marvelus. Anything was pssible.
In ur sciety，we knw that Earth has nly ne mn. We have lked at ur planet frm every angle and fund all f the wildest things left t find. I can，frm my cmputer at hme，pull up satellite images f Juan’s village. There are n mre cntinents and n mre mns t search fr，little left t discver. At least it seems that way.
Yet，as I thught abut Juan’s questin，I was nt sure hw much mre we culd really rule ut. I am，in part，an ant bilgist，s my thughts turned t what we knw abut insect life and I knew that much in the wrld f insects remains unknwn. Hw much，thugh? Hw ignrant (无知的) are we? The questin f what we knw and d nt knw cnstantly bthered me.
I began cllecting newspaper articles abut new species，new mnkey，new spider. . . ，and n and n they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a secnd drawer fr mre general discveries: new cave system discvered with dzens f nameless species，fur hundred species f bacteria fund in the human stmach. The secnd drawer began t fill and as it did，I wndered whether there were bigger discveries ut there，nt just species，but life that depends n things thught t be useless，life even withut DNA. I started a third drawer fr these big discveries. It fills mre slwly，but all the same，it fills.
In lking int the stries f bilgical discvery，I als began t find smething else，a cllectin f scientists，usually brilliant，ccasinally half­mad，wh made the discveries. Thse scientists very ften see the same things that ther scientists see，but they pay mre attentin t them，and they fcus n them t the pint f exhaustin(穷尽)，and at the risk f the ridicule f their peers. In lking fr the stries f discvery，I fund the stries f these peple and hw their lives changed ur view f the wrld.
We are repeatedly willing t imagine we have fund mst f what is left t discver. We used t think that insects were the smallest rganisms (生物)，and that nthing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet，when smething new turns up，mre ften than nt，we d nt even knw its name.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者和妻子来到亚马逊地区，通过与当地人的接触，作者意识到自己要弄清楚已知的和未知的事物。在文章最后，作者意识到世界上还有很多未知的事物等待我们去发现。
65．Hw did the authr feel n his arrival in the Amazn?
A．Out f place. B．Full f jy.
C．Sleepy. D．Regretful.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，作者和妻子不会说当地的语言，不了解当地的风俗，而且通常不能完全辨认出当地的食物，他们感到非常陌生。由此可知，作者在到达亚马逊时感到格格不入，ut f place意为“不合适的，格格不入的”。
66．What made that Amaznian evening wnderful?
A．He learned mre abut the lcal language.
B．They had a nice cnversatin with each ther.
C．They understd each ther while playing.
D．He wn the sccer game with the gal keeper.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Everyne knew the rules. We all spke the same language f passes and shts. We understd ne anther perfectly. ”可知，踢足球时每个人都知道比赛规则，在传球和射门方面大家都说同样的语言，大家完全能够相互理解。由此可知，作者觉得那个亚马逊之夜非常美好是因为他们在踢足球时能够彼此理解。
67．Why was the authr surprised at Juan’s questin abut the mn?
A．The questin was t straightfrward.
B．Juan knew s little abut the wrld.
C．The authr didn’t knw hw t answer.
D．The authr didn’t think Juan was sincere.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“said in a matter­f­fact way”以及第四段中的“In Juan’s wrld，each village culd have its wn mn. In Juan’s wrld，the unknwn and undiscvered was vast and marvelus. ”可知，Juan在问关于月亮的问题时态度是实事求是的，在他的世界里，未知的事物和未被发现的事物是浩瀚而神奇的。由此可推断出，Juan对这个世界知之甚少。
68．What was the authr’s initial purpse f cllecting newspaper articles?
A．T srt ut what we have knwn.
B．T deepen his research int Amaznians.
C．T imprve his reputatin as a bilgist.
D．T learn mre abut lcal cultures.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句“The questin f what we knw and d nt knw cnstantly bthered me. ”以及第七段开头“I began cllecting newspaper articles abut new species. . . ”可知，我们知道什么和不知道什么这个问题一直困扰着作者，所以作者开始收集报纸文章。由此可推知，作者收集报纸文章的最初目的是把我们已经知道的事情整理出来。
69．Hw did thse brilliant scientists make great discveries?
A．They shifted their viewpints frequently.
B．They fllwed ther scientists clsely.
C．They ften criticized their fellw scientists.
D．They cnducted in­depth and clse studies.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“they pay mre attentin t them，and they fcus n them t the pint f exhaustin(穷尽)，and at the risk f the ridicule f their peers”可知，那些卓越的科学家们冒着被同行嘲笑的风险，愈发关注这些事情，关注它们到了极致。由此可知，那些科学家们通过进行深入细致的研究而做出了伟大的发现。
70．What culd be the mst suitable title fr the passage?
A．The Pssible and the Impssible
B．The Knwn and the Unknwn
C．The Civilized and the Uncivilized
D．The Ignrant and the Intelligent
【答案】B
【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者和妻子来到了亚马逊地区，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解到一些人对外部的世界并不了解。作者意识到很多事物是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的，所以文章的最佳标题为B项“已知的和未知的”。
(2022·北京,D)
Quantum ( 量子 ) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin. ” This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers. ”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand. ” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016. Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype, but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise. ” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers. ”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
31. Regarding Jhnsn’s cncerns, the authr feels ________.
A. sympathetic
B. uncncerned
C. dubtful
D. excited
【答案】A
31. 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段和根据最后一段“ But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn. ”可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。故选A。
32. What leads t Taylr’s ptimism abut quantum cmputing?
A. His dminance in physics.
B. The cmpetitin in the field.
C. His cnfidence in PyQuantum.
D. The investment f tech cmpanies.
【答案】C
32. 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
33. What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Open.
B. Cl.
C. Useful.
D. Resistant.
【答案】A
33. 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段“But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand. ”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西，所以它特别容易被炒作。故选A。
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Is Jhnsn Mre Cmpetent Than Taylr?
B. Is Quantum Cmputing Redefining Technlgy?
C. Will Quantum Cmputers Ever Cme int Being?
D. Will Quantum Cmputing Ever Live Up t Its Hype?
【答案】D
34. 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum …the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn. ”以及最后一段“Culd PyQuantum really be leading
…advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. ”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。故选D。
(2022·天津卷第二次, D)
Ralph Emersn nce said that the purpse f life is nt t be happy, but t be useful, t be lving, t make sme difference in he wrld. While we appreciate such wrds f wisdm, we rarely try t fllw them in ur lives.
Mst peple prefer t live a gd life themselves, ignring their respnsibilities fr the wrld. This narrw perceptin f a gd life may prvide shrt-term benefits, but is sure t lead t lng-term harm and suffering. A gd life based n cmfrt and luxury may eventually lead t mre pain because we spil ur health and even ur character, principles, ideals, and relatinships.
What then, is the secret f a gd life? A gd life is a prcess, nt a state f being: a directin, nt a destinatin. We have t earn a gd life by first serving thers withut any expectatin in return because their happiness is the very surce f ur wn happiness. Mre imprtantly, we must knw urselves inside ut. Only when we examine urselves deeply can we discver ur abilities and recgnize ur limitatins, and then wrk accrdingly t create a better wrld.
The first requirement fr a gd life is having a lving heart. When we d certain right things merely as a duty, we find ur jb s tiresme that we’ll sn burn ut. Hwever, when we d that same jb ut f lve, we nt nly enjy what we d, but als d it with an effrtless feeling.
Hwever, lve alne is insufficient t lead a gd life. Lve smetimes blinds us t the reality. Cnsequently, ur gd intentins may nt lead t gd results. T achieve desired utcme, thse wh want t d gd t thers als need t equip themselves with accurate wrld knwledge. False knwledge is mre dangerus than ignrance. If lve is the engine f a car knwledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks pwer, th car can’t mve; if the driver lses cntrl f the steering, a rad accident prbably ccurs. Only with lve in heart and the right knwledge in mind can we lead a gd life.
With lve and knwledge, we g all ut t create a better wrld by ding gd t thers. When we see the impact f ur gd wrk n the wrld we give meaning t ur life and earn lasting jy and happiness.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而是生而有益。
51. What effect des the narrw perceptin f a gd life have n us?
A. Making us simple-minded
B. Making us shrt-signted.
C. Leading us nt a busy rad.
D. Keeping us frm cmfrt and luxury.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This narrw perceptin f a gd life may prvide shrt-term benefits, but is sure t lead t lng-term harm and suffering. ”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法只能给我们带来短期的好处，所以时间长了会让我们目光短浅、短视。故选B项。
52. Accrding t the authr, hw can ne gain true happiness?
A. Thrugh maintaining gd health.
B. By ging thrugh pain and suffering.
C. By recgnizing ne’s abilities and limitatins.
D. Thrugh ffering help much needed by thers.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We have t earn a gd life by first serving thers …happiness. ”可知，我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。故选D项。
53. Accrding t Paragraph 4, ding certain right things with a lving heart makes ne________.
A. less selfish
B. less annying
C. mre mtivated
D. mre respnsible
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Hwever, when we d that same jb ut f lve, we nt nly enjy what we d, but als d it with an effrtless feeling. ”可知，带着热爱去做事会让人更加享受做这件事情；越享受做某件事，做事越有动力。故选C项。
54. In what case may gd intentins fail t lead t desired results?
A. When we have wrng knwledge f the wrld.
B. When ur lve fr the wrld is insufficient.
C. When we are insensitive t dangers in life.
D. When we stay blind t the reality.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“False knwledge is mre dangerus than ignrance. (虚假的知识比无知更危险。)”可以推测出，当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、违背预期的结局。故选A项。
55. Accrding t Paragraph 5, life can be made truly gd when ________.
A. inspired by lve and guided by knwledge
B. directed by lve and pushed by knwledge
C. purified by lve and enriched by knwledge
D. prmted by lve and defined by knwledge
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“With lve and knwledge, we g all ut t create a better wrld by ding gd t thers. (带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过对他人做好事来创造一个更美好的世界。)”可知，有爱和知识，生活就会变得更美好。故选A项。
(2020·北京, D)
Certain frms f AI are indeed becming ubiquitus. Fr example, algrithms (算法) carry ut huge vlumes f trading n ur financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing n city streets, and ur smartphnes are translating frm ne language int anther. These systems are smetimes faster and mre perceptive than we humans are. But s far that is nly true fr the specific tasks fr which the systems have been designed. That is smething that sme AI develpers are nw eager t change.
Sme f tday’s AI pineers want t mve n frm tday’s wrld f “weak” r “narrw” AI, t create “strng” r “full” AI, r what is ften called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In sme respects, tday’s pwerful cmputing machines already make ur brains lk weak. A GI culd, its advcates say, wrk fr us arund the clck, and drawing n all available data, culd suggest slutins t many prblems. DM, a cmpany fcused n the develpment f AGI, has an ambitin t “slve intelligence”. “If we’re successful,” their missin statement reads, “we believe this will be ne f the mst imprtant and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made. ”
Since the early days f AI, imaginatin has utpaced what is pssible r even prbable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Gd predicted the eventual creatin f an “ultra-intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities f any man, hwever clever. ” Gd went n t suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” culd be “the last inventin that man need ever make. ”
Fears abut the appearance f bad, pwerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinfrced (强化) by many wrks f fictin — Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the Terminatr film series, fr example. But if AI des eventually prve t be ur dwnfall, it is unlikely t be at the hands f human-shaped frms like these, with recgnisably human mtivatins such as aggressin (敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxfrd University philspher Nick Bstrm, wh believes that the heaviest risks frm A GI d nt cme frm a decisin t turn against mankind but rather frm a dgged pursuit f set bjectives at the expense f everything else.
The prmise and danger f true A GI are great. But all f tday’s excited discussin abut these pssibilities presuppses the fact that we will be able t build these systems. And, having spken t many f the wrld’s fremst AI researchers, I believe there is gd reasn t dubt that we will see A GI any time sn, if ever.
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就通用人工智能(AGI)实现的可能性进行了论述。
42. What des the underlined wrd “ubiquitus” in Paragraph I prbably mean?
A. Enrmus in quantity.
B. Changeable daily.
C. Stable in quality.
D. Present everywhere.
【答案】D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句后面的“Fr example, algrithms (算法) carry …streets, and ur smartphnes are translating frm ne language int anther”可知，人工智能在我们生活中用处十分广泛。由此推知，划线词所在句意为“某些形式的人工智能确实正在变得无处不在”，即划线词与D选项“Present everywhere. (在任何地方存在)”意思接近。故选D项。
43. What culd AGI d fr us, accrding t its supprters?
A. Help t tackle prblems.
B. Make brains mre active.
C. Benefit ambitius peple.
D. Set up pwerful databases.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“AGI culd, its advcates say, wrk fr us arund the clck, and drawing n all available data, culd suggest slutins t many prblems”可知，AGI(通用人工智能)的倡导者认为，AGI(通用人工智能)可以提出许多问题的解决方案，帮助我们解决问题。因此，A选项“Help t tackle prblems(帮助解决问题)”符合题意。故选A项。
44. As fr Irving Gd’s pinin n ultra-intelligent machines, the authr is ____________.
A. supprtive
B. disapprving
C. fearful
D. uncertain
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段可知，作者认为Irving Gd对“超智能机器”的想象力超出了实现的可能，作者并不赞成他的观点，因此B项“disapprving(不赞成)”符合题意。故选B项。
45. What can be inferred abut AGI frm the passage?
A. It may be nly a dream.
B. It will cme int being sn.
C. It will be cntrlled by humans.
D. It may be mre dangerus than ever.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可推断出，通用人工智能（AGI）或许只是一个梦想，A选项“It may be nly a dream(它也许仅仅是一个梦想)”符合题意。故选择A项。