初中英语外研版（2024）八年级下册（2024））Starting out导学案

这是一份初中英语外研版（2024）八年级下册（2024））Starting out导学案，共6页。学案主要包含了单词填空，翻译，完形填空，阅读理解，补全对话等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1. 掌握Unit 3 Starting ut & Understanding ideas & Grammar部分的重点单词、短语和句型；
单词：hnur, directr, drama, leader, rle, freeze, silence, awful, advise, yurs, teamwrk, strength, weakness, vte, suggestin, meeting, captain, shy, cnfidence, achieve, disagreement, suitable, decisin, talent
短语：give ut, strm ff, take respnsibility, find ut, deal with, feel like, expect t, in times f, d a gd jb, n ne’s wn
句型：(1) What if (2) Yu shuld ... (3) Yu dn’t have t ... (4) Why nt
2. 掌握情态动词shuld, dn’t have t的用法。
一、单词填空
1. It’s a great __________（荣幸）fr me t give a speech here tday.
2. My favurite actress played the __________（角色）f a plicewman in the mvie.
3. I dn’t knw hw t __________（处理）these ld bks.
4. There was a lng __________ (silent) befre she spke.
5. The weather is __________ (freeze) cld tday.
6. A gd __________ (lead) listens t the team and makes fair decisins.
二、翻译
1．人们在危险时需要勇气。（in times f）

2．不要期望别人解决你的问题。（expect t）

3．你能查一下会议什么时候开始吗？（find ut）

4．你应该学会独立思考。（n ne’s wn）

5．我们必须学会应对压力。（deal with）

第一部分 Starting ut & Understanding ideas
【知识梳理1】But a prblem appeared during the very first task — giving ut the rles.
give ut 分配，分发
与give有关的其他短语：放弃，戒掉__________ 屈服，投降__________ 发放，用完__________
赠送，泄密__________ 归还__________ 发出（光、热、气味）__________
【即时练习】
1. The ld man decided t _______ all his mney t charity.
A. give backB. give awayC. give utD. give in
2. The fire _______ a lt f heat and light.
A. gave inB. gave upC. gave ffD. gave ut
3. 导演决定根据每位演员的能力分配角色。（翻译句子）
_______________________________________________________
【知识梳理2】Everyne lked at me and expected me t decide. But I just frze.
freeze 动词 突然停止；呆住 过去式是___________ 过去分词是___________
形容词 极冷的___________ 结冰的；冷冻的___________
常用搭配：冻死___________ 冰冷___________
听到身后奇怪的声音，他突然呆住了。（翻译句子）
____________________________________________________________________
【即时练习】
1. The lake ______ (freeze) in winter.
2. It’s ______ (freeze) cld tday.
3. 当我叫他的名字时，他愣了一下，然后才转过身来。（翻译句子）
__________________________________________________________________

【知识梳理3】But what if I was wrng?
what if + 陈述句? “如果……会怎样？/ 要是……怎么办？”（用来假设情况、表达担心、提问后果）
注意：
1. what if ≠ what will happen if（意思一样，但what if更口语）
2. what if不是疑问句语序
× What if will he cme?
√ What if he cmes?
3. What if 后面用一般现在时表将来
如果我们找不到这家餐厅怎么办？（翻译句子）
_______________________________________________________________
【即时练习】
1.What if he ______ late fr the meeting?
A. beB. will beC. is
2. ______ we try nce mre? Maybe it will wrk.
A. What ifB. As ifC. Even if
3. 如果她拒绝我们的请求怎么办？（翻译句子）
_______________________________________________________________

【知识梳理4】My silence made Lisa angry.
1. 结构：make + 宾语 + 动词原形（不带t） （用于主动语态）
含义：使/让某人做某事
他讲的笑话使我们都大笑起来。（翻译句子）
_____________________________________________
2. 结构：be made + t d sth.（被动必须加 t） （用于被动语态）
含义：被迫/被要求做某事
我们被要求按时完成作业。（翻译句子）
_____________________________________________
【即时练习】
1. The bss made him ______ all night.
A. wrk B. t wrk C. wrking D. wrked
2. He was made ______ the truth.
A. tell B. t tell C. telling D. tld
3. My dad ften makes me _________ (exercise) in the mrning.
4. 什么让你改变主意？（翻译句子）
___________________________________________
【知识梳理5】“I’m ut!” she shuted and strmed ff.
strm ff 气冲冲地离开；愤然离去
同义短语：______________ ______________
他很生气，一言不发地愤然离开了。（翻译句子）
____________________________________________________
【即时练习】
1. He was s mad at his friend’s lie that he ______ f the huse, slamming the dr ludly.
A. sat dwn B. walked slwly C. came back D. strmed ut
2. He didn’t agree with the decisin, s he ______ in a huff and refused t discuss it further.
A. left B. strmed ff C. flunced ff D. stmped ff
3. 她不想争论，就气冲冲地走了。（翻译句子）
____________________________________________________
【知识梳理6】S the leader shuld take respnsibility in times f disagreement.
respnsibility 名词 责任 形容词 负责任的___________ 形容词 不负责任的___________
固定搭配：对（做）某事负责___________________ 对……负责___________________
每个人都必须为自己的行为负责。（翻译句子）
_____________________________________________________________
【即时练习】
1. Yu are ______ fr yur wn actins.
A. respnsibleB. respnsibilityC. respnsibly
2. He failed the task because he didn’t take his ______ seriusly.
A. respnsibleB. respnsibilitiesC. respnsibly
3. She has a strng sense f ____________ (respnsible).
4.父母应该对孩子的安全负责。（翻译句子）
_______________________________________
【知识梳理7】What are her strengths and weaknesses?
strength 名词 优点；长处 名词复数形式是__________ 动词 加强；增强__________
形容词形式是__________ 副词形式是__________
weakness 名词 缺点；不足 名词复数形式是__________ 动词 变弱；削弱__________
形容词形式是__________ 副词形式是__________
短语： 发挥优势_______________ 克服缺点_______________ 对……的偏爱/嗜好_______________
【即时练习】
1. Everyne has their wn ____ and weaknesses.
A. strength B. strengths C. strengthen D. strng
2. He has a ____ fr sweet fd.
A. strng B. strength C. weakness D. weaken
3. His __________ (weak) in math made him wrried.
4. 他最大的优点是诚实。（翻译句子）
_____________________________________________________________
第二部分 Grammar 情态动词的用法（1）
【知识梳理1】情态动词的核心概念
情态动词（Mdal Verbs） 是一类用来表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度、语气或情绪的动词，它们不能单独作谓语，必须和实义动词原形一起构成谓语。简单来说，情态动词的核心作用是“表达语气”，而不是单纯描述“做了什么”。
1. 核心特点：
（1）无人称和数的变化。无论主语是 I/yu/he/they，情态动词形式不变（不用加 s/es）。
√ He can swim.
× He cans swim.
后接动词原形：
（2）情态动词后面必须跟动词原形，不能跟 t d、ding 或过去式。
√ I must g.
× I must t g.
（3）没有不定式和分词形式。
2. 常见情态动词
can / culd（能够、可以）
may / might（可能、可以、祝愿）
must（必须、一定）
shuld（应该）
will / wuld（将要、愿意）
shall（多用于第一人称，表将来/建议）
need（需要，可作情态动词也可作实义动词）
dare（敢，可作情态动词也可作实义动词）
3. 主要用法
（1）表示能力：can, culd
例：I can speak English.
（2）表示许可：can, may, culd
例：Yu may leave nw.
（3）表示义务/必须：must, shuld, have t（have t 更偏向“不得不”）
例：Yu must study hard.
（4）表示推测：may/might（可能），must（一定）
例：He may be at hme.
It must be raining.
（5）表示意愿/将来：will, wuld
例：I will help yu.
【即时练习】
1. - D yu knw whse hat it is, Tm?
- It _____ be Eric’s because I gave it t him as his birthday gift.
A. mustB. shuldC. needD. will
2. Our team leader suggested that we _____ wrk tgether and share ur ideas freely.
A. mustB. shuldC. mustn’tD. shuldn’t
3. When we g ut, we shuld take sme warm cats.（就划线部分提问）
_____ _____ we _____ when we g ut?
【知识梳理2】shuld的用法
情态动词shuld无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，主要表达建议、劝告、推测、义务/责任等含义，语气比must委婉。
1. 表示建议、劝告
用于给他人提建议、给出合理的做法，是日常使用最频繁的场景。
肯定句：Yu shuld drink mre water when yu have a cld. 感冒时你应该多喝水。
否定句：Yu shuldn’t stay up late every day. 你不应该每天熬夜。
疑问句：Shuld I take an umbrella with me? 我应该带把伞吗？
2. 表示推测、可能性
根据已知信息做出合理的推测，语气不确定，常译为“应该会、大概”，多用于肯定句。
He shuld arrive at the statin sn. 他应该很快就到车站了。
This task shuld be easy fr her. 这项任务对她来说应该不难。
3. 表示义务、责任
强调道义上的责任，比must弱，比have t更侧重主观意愿。
We shuld respect the elderly. 我们应该尊重老人。
She shuld finish her hmewrk befre watching TV. 她应该先写完作业再看电视。
【即时练习】
1. We ______ keep ur classrm clean every day.
A. shuld B. have t C. mustn’t D. wuld
2. Yu ______ eat t much junk fd. It’s bad fr yur health.
A. shuld B. need C. shuldn’t D. have t
3. She shuld take sme medicine.（改为一般疑问句）
______ she ______ any medicine?
【知识梳理3】have t 和dn’t have t的用法
have t是情态性短语，表达客观上的必要性、强制要求，强调“不得不做”，受客观条件限制，而非主观意愿。
1. 基本结构
肯定句：主语 + have t/has t/had t + 动词原形 + 其他
一般现在时：第三人称单数用 has t，其他人称用 have t
一般过去时：所有人称用 had t
将来时：will have t
否定句：主语 + dn’t/desn’t/didn’t + have t + 动词原形（不必做）
疑问句：D/Des/Did + 主语 + have t + 动词原形 + 其他？
2. 具体用法
（1）表示客观上的“必须、不得不”：因客观规则、环境、条件等原因，被迫做某事，区别于 must（主观上的必须）。
客观规则：Students have t wear schl unifrms at schl. 学生在学校必须穿校服。
客观条件：I have t g nw because my mm is waiting fr me. 我现在得走了，因为我妈妈在等我。
过去客观：He had t stay at hme yesterday because f the heavy rain. 昨天因为大雨，他不得不待在家里。
（2）否定形式：dn’t/desn’t/didn’t have t
表示“不必做”，相当于 needn’t，区别于 mustn’t（禁止做）。
Yu dn’t have t finish the wrk tday. 你不必今天完成这项工作。
She didn’t have t get up early this mrning. 她今天早上不必早起。
【即时练习】
1. He has t clean his rm tday.（改为否定句）
He ______ ______ ______ clean his rm tday.
2. She has t practice the pian every day.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答）
______ she ______ t practice the pian every day?
______, she ______.
3. 他们今天不得不步行回家，因为公交车停运了。（翻译句子）
__________________________________________________________
【知识梳理4】shuld和have t的区别
注意：shuld 侧重“主观建议/应该”，have t 侧重“客观不得不”，二者是情态动词中表达“必要性”的核心区分点。
【即时练习】
1. —I have a tthache. —Yu ______ see a dentist at nce.
A. have t B. shuld C. can’t D. may nt
2. —Why are yu in a hurry? —Because I ______ catch the last bus.
A. have t B. shuld C. mustn’t D. need
3. 你应该多做运动来保持健康。（翻译句子）
______________________________________________________
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. My idea is quite different frm __________ (yu), but bth culd wrk.
2. Ms White gave Tny sme gd __________ (suggest) abut wrking with his team.
3. Althugh there are many __________ (difficult), we will never give up.
4. We had a __________ (disagree) ver which mvie t watch.
5. We need t find a __________ (suit) persn fr the jb.
6. I have enugh __________ (cnfident) t slve this prblem.
二、单词拼写
7. Li Hua directed a _________（戏剧）abut Jurney t the West in the schl successfully.
8. The weather was _________（糟糕的）yesterday. We culdn’t g ut.
9. We finished the wrk quickly because f gd _________（团队协作）.
10. Nw it’s time fr us t _________（投票）fr the best singer!
11. Lisa and Elbert are getting ready fr the cming _________（天赋）shw next week.
12. The little girl is very _________（害羞的）in frnt f strangers.
13. Within weeks, his _________（信心）had spread thrughut the team.
14. We had a meeting and gave ut all the _________（角色）fr this perfrmance.
15. _________（实际上），I didn’t quite agree with him.
16. All the vlunteers are _________（愿意）t devte their time t helping the elderly in the cmmunity.
一、词汇运用
1. It’s nt easy t deal with _________ (fail).
2. After a heated discussin, they finally made a _________ (decide) t slve the prblem tgether.
3. Tny has _________ (d) a jb and we are all prud f him.
4. Dn’t wrry, Mum! I am ld enugh t d it n my _________（自己）.
5. We _________（冲出）ut f the classrm t see what happened.
6. This app is very _________（有帮助的）and many yung peple like using it.
7. As we knw, smetimes gd teamwrk is hard t _________（获得）.
8. What i_________ she refused us t enter the cmpetitin?
9. Mike was very angry and strmed _________.
10. Hearing the exciting news, the w_________ class cheered.
二、单项选择
11. Yu _____ be t nervus. Just relax and be brave enugh t shw yurself.
A. might nt B. mustn’t C. shuld D. dn’t have t
12. Dn’t just stand there in ______; give me yur ______ n this plan.
A. silence; suggestin B. shck; weakness C. freeze; talent D. rder; decisin
13. She used t be very ______ and lacked ______ when speaking in public.
A. shy; strength B. awful; cnfidence C. shy; cnfidence D. silent; respnsibility
14. I really had an ______ day. Nthing went right.
A. gd B. awful C. niceD. terrible
15. Knwing yur ____ can help yu imprve.
A. weakness B. weaknesses C. weak D. weaken
三、完形填空
Ms. Perkins used t get angry easily. She had three children and they ften made truble fr her.
One mrning, her eldest sn hurried back hme. “Mm, I lst my wallet by accident.” He felt srry, but t his 16 , Ms. Perkins said, “Just take mine. Be careful next time.”
At nn, her daughter came hme and said, “Mm, I brke my new bike.” She was afraid that her mther wuld get angry. Hwever, Ms. Perkins said, “OK. Take it t the bike shp and get it 17 tmrrw.”
In the evening, her little sn returned with his head 18 , “Mm, I didn’t pass my exam.” He thught Ms. Perkins wuld 19 him. Instead, she just said, “I knw the schlwrk is difficult. But yu need t wrk harder, 20 yu will have t repeat the semester (留级).”
It was 21 that Ms. Perkins stayed calm (冷静的) when she heard abut their prblems. Everyne was wrried. They went t ask her, “Why are yu acting s differently, Mm?”
Ms. Perkins smiled and replied, “It tk me a lng time t realize that my wrry and 22 can’t slve yur prblems. I can give yu 23 if yu ask, but yu need t make yur wn decisins. Once the decisins are made, 24 the results are, yu must face them. My jb is t lve yu, supprt yu and encurage yu. I shuld remain calm and let each f yu 25 yurselves t deal with yur prblems.”
Hearing that, the three children decided t take respnsibility (负责) fr their wn lives frm then n.
16．A．surpriseB．shameC．regretD．sadness
17．A．cmpletedB．cnnectedC．sldD．fixed
18．A．backB．upC．dwnD．frward
19．A．prtectB．punishC．plishD．prduce
20．A．sinceB．whileC．sD．r
21．A．unusualB．cmmnC．directD．implite
22．A．pleasureB．safetyC．stressD．pride
23．A．chancesB．fieldsC．prjectsD．suggestins
24．A．wheneverB．whateverC．wheverD．whether
25．A．depend nB．turn dwnC．take afterD．check ut
四、阅读理解
Once there was a manager (经理) wh had a team f arund 40 hard-wrking members. Everything seemed great. But ne thing wrried him: the grup had a hard time cmmunicating (交流) and sharing infrmatin with each ther.
Then ne day, the manager had an idea. He decided t take his grup t play games tgether, and he prepared 3 runds (轮次) f games carefully.
During the first rund, the manager tld everyne t blw a balln and write their names withut breaking it. And sn the team members did it successfully.
After that, the manager tld them t wait utside fr the next rund. When they went int the rm again, they saw many mre ballns withut names arund the rm.
The manager tld them t lk fr the balln with his r her name n it. The first t bring him the balln wuld win, while thse wh brke the balln wuld be ut f the game.
15 minutes passed and n ne was able t find his balln, and then the manager decided t g n t the third rund. Fr the third rund, the manager tld his grup t pick any balln frm the rm and give it t the persn whse name was n it.
Within just a few minutes, everyne had his balln with his wn name. The manager was very happy and discussed with his grup abut the reasn why they didn’t find their ballns in the secnd rund. That was because everyne paid t much attentin (注意力) t his wn target (目标). Hwever, in just a shrt time, they culd make it in the third rund because f the pwer f teamwrk and sharing with each ther.
26．What wrried the manager abut his grup in Paragraph 1?
A．Everything was great.
B．They weren’t hard-wrking.
C．They culd blw ballns better.
D．They culdn’t cmmunicate with each ther well.
27．What did the manager ask them t d in the first rund?
A．T share their infrmatin.
B．T find ut their wn ballns.
C．T give the ballns t the manager.
D．T blw the ballns and write their names.
28．Why did the team fail (失败) in the secnd rund?
A．Sme f them brke the ballns.
B．Each nly cared abut his wn balln.
C．Only three f them fund the ballns.
D．Nne f the ballns had names n them.
29．What’s the manager’s purpse (目的) in preparing the games?
A．T find ut the mst talented members.
B．T free the team frm the stress (压力) in their wrk.
C．T remind (提醒) the team that teamwrk was imprtant.
D．T encurage (鼓励) the team members t wrk harder.
30．What kind f persn is the manager?
A．Smart.B．Strict.C．Outging.D．Hard-wrking.
五、补全对话
根据对话内容，在空白处写出恰当的句子，使对话意思连贯完整。所写句子应与所给的标点符号一致。
(Li Ming and Steven are talking abut the argument between Steven and his best friend.)
Li Ming: Hey, Steven, yu lk sad. Is everything kay?
Steven: Nt really, Li Ming. I had a big argument with David.
Li Ming: Oh, n. I’m srry t hear that. 31 ?
Steven: Last Friday afternn.
Li Ming: 32 ?
Steven: Because f a science prject. We had different ideas, I thught my idea was better, but he refused t give up his idea. We bth gt very angry.
Li Ming: 33 ?
Steven: N, I haven’t fund a way t make up with him. Nw I feel bad but I dn’t knw what t d.
Li Ming: I can give yu sme advice. First, it’s imprtant t cl dwn. When yu are nt angry, yu can think mre clearly.
Steven: 34 . I was t mad at that time. What shuld I d next?
Li Ming: Chse a quiet time and place. Start by saying yu’re srry fr the argument, and then discuss t cmbine the best parts f yur ideas!
Steven: That’s really helpful advice. Can I talk t him right away r in a few days?
Li Ming: 35 . Dn’t put ff this prblem fr a few days.
对比维度
shuld
have t
核心含义
建议、劝告、主观推测、道义责任
客观必要性、被迫做某事
语气
委婉、主观
客观、强制，语气较强
时态变化
无时态变化（情态动词）
有时态变化（have/has/had t）
否定含义
不应该做（shuldn’t）
不必做（dn’t have t）
例句对比
Yu shuld exercise mre.
你应该多运动。
Yu have t exercise mre because f the dctr’s advice.
因为医生的建议，你不得不多运动。