2026届高三英语二轮专题复习课件第2部分专题1阅读理解类型2第4讲议论文

这是一份2026届高三英语二轮专题复习课件第2部分专题1阅读理解类型2第4讲议论文，共58页。PPT课件主要包含了专题一　阅读理解，高频考点　研析透，模拟精练　提考能等内容，欢迎下载使用。
类型二　体裁破解第4讲　议论文
议论文，也叫说理文，是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。文章主要是中外广泛关注的社会话题和热点问题，作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非等手法，大多以“总—分—总”的结构行文，即“提出问题—分析问题—解决问题”。议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证，其目的是说服他人、宣扬观点，或者说服读者接受某种意见或采取某种行动。
●辨明题类议论文阅读理解难度相对比较大，命题角度多样化，细节理解题、推理判断题、词句猜测题、主旨大意题都有可能出现。因此，在阅读议论文时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读原文，再区分事实和观点，明确论点、论证和论据，把握作者最后得出的结论。
●技法点拨研读首段，确定论点：议论文的主旨，即论点往往在首段，尤其是首段中有hwever，but等转折词时，其后的内容便是论点。细读中间段，把握论证方式：中间段是文章的主体部分，即论证部分，作者会用两个或两个以上的段落通过举例、引用、对比、列数字、引用事实和理论等进行论证，这一部分往往与细节理解题的考查点相对应。关注尾段，理解结论：尾段是结论部分，要弄清楚作者所得出的结论。
●真题体验(2025·全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C)While safety imprvements might have been made t ur streets in recent years, transprt studies als shw declines in pedestrian(行人) mbility, especially amng yung children.Many parents say there's t much traffic n the rads fr their children t walk safely t schl, s they pack them int the car instead.
Dutch authrs Thalia Verkade and Marc te Brömmelstret are bthered by facts like these.In their new bk Mvement：Hw t Take Back Our Streets and Transfrm Our Lives, they call fr a rethink f ur streets and the rle they play in ur lives.
Life n city streets started t change decades ag.Whle neighburhds were destryed t make way fr new rad netwrks and kids had t play elsewhere.Sme cmmunities fught back.Mst famusly, a Canadian jurnalist wh had mved her family t Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign t stp the destructin f her lcal park.Describing her alarm at its prpsed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacbs called n her mayr(市长) t champin “New Yrk as a decent place t live, and nt just rush thrugh”．Similar campaigns ccurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Althugh these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majrity f the western cities were cmpletely redesigned arund the needs f the mtr car.The number f cars n rads has been increasing rapidly.In Australia we nw have ver twenty millin cars fr just ver twenty-six millin peple, amng the highest rate f car wnership in the wrld.We invest a lt in rads that help us rush thrugh, but we fail t accunt fr the true csts.D we really recgnise what it csts us as a sciety when children can't mve safely arund ur cmmunities？The authrs f Mvement have it right：it's time t think differently abut that street utside yur frnt dr.
28．What phenmenn des the authr pint ut in paragraph 1?A．Cars ften get stuck n the rad. B．Traffic accidents ccur frequently.C．Peple walk less and drive mre. D．Pedestrians fail t fllw the rules.29．What were the Canadian jurnalist and ther campaigners trying t d?A．Keep their cities livable. B．Prmte cultural diversity.C．Help the needy families. D．Make expressways accessible.
30．What can be inferred abut the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s?A．They bsted the sales f cars. B．They turned ut largely ineffective.C．They wn gvernment supprt. D．They advcated building new parks.31．What can be a suitable title fr the text?A．Why the Rush? B．What's Next? C．Where t Stay? D．Wh t Blame?
【解题示范】　第一步：浏览全文，把握主旨大意：文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。第二步：细审题干，定位原文：第28小题：根据题干主要信息paragraph 1，定位到文章的第一段。第29小题：根据题干信息the Canadian jurnalist and ther campaigners，定位到文章的第三段。
第30小题：根据题干信息campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s，定位到文章的倒数第二段。第31小题：根据题干信息suitable title，定位到文章的最后一段并结合全文内容。第三步：仔细对比选项和原文信息，继而找出答案。在文中找到信息区间后，再仔细对比各选项，确定答案。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段“While safety imprvements might have been made t ur streets in recent years, transprt studies als shw declines in pedestrian (行人) mbility, especially amng yung children.Many parents say there's t much traffic n the rads fr their children t walk safely t schl, s they pack them int the car instead.”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Mst famusly, a Canadian jurnalist wh had mved her family t Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign t stp the destructin f her lcal park.Describing her alarm at its prpsed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacbs called n her mayr (市长) t champin ‘New Yrk as a decent place t live, and nt just rush thrugh’．”可知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Althugh these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majrity f the western cities were cmpletely redesigned arund the needs f the mtr car.The number f cars n rads has been increasing rapidly.”可知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。
31．标题归纳题。通读全文，并根据最后一段中“We invest a lt in rads that help us rush thrugh, but we fail t accunt fr the true csts.D we really recgnise what it csts us as a sciety when children can't mve safely arund ur cmmunities？”可知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A项“Why the Rush？”质问“rush thrugh”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
A(2025·吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州高三一模)Mst have prbably heard f Henry David Threau and his bk Walden, even thugh his message f simplicity may sund utdated.Nwadays, smartphnes fld us with text messages.Many cnsumers are buying the latest digital devices, frm tablets and fitness trackers t cmmercial drnes.Simple living seems t be a thing f the past.
Threau wuld beg t differ.As a writer wh advcated the value f simplicity almst tw centuries ag, he was a cntrarian(叛逆者) fr his time. He lived during the height f the Industrial Age, distinguished by the rise f large factries, expanding urban develpments, and pwerful machines.Turned ff by the cnstant busyness f this time, Threau withdrew frm city life t live alne in the wds.He brught with him nly the necessities f life and wrte abut this adventure in his bk Walden.In the bk, Threau is basically making a philsphical statement.We are nt living meaningful lives due t mdern technlgy.We created pwerful machines t make life mre cnvenient.Unfrtunately, these machines have dne the ppsite.In his wrds, “men have becme the tls f their tls”．
That is t say, we are nt the nes cntrlling technlgy.Technlgy is cntrlling us.Every few minutes, smartphnes may distract us with messages. At least half f Americans check their phnes several times an hur. Meanwhile, infrmatin verlad frm scial media can weaken ur cncentratin and heighten cnfusin.
When technlgy causes that much distractin and cnfusin, it may be healthy t simplify life by reducing technlgy veruse.Persnally, I've dne s in tw ways.First, I use very little data n my phne and keep the apps n it t a minimum.Mst time, I nly use my phne t call r text.Secnd, I quit mst scial media.Sure, thse tw things aren't as extreme as Threau withdrawing int the wds.Nevertheless, they're realistic mves I can make tward living a mre meaningful life.
1．Why des the authr refer t Threau's bk Walden in Paragraph 1?A．T tell the characters f Threau. B．T attract mre cnsumers.C．T bring in the cncept f simple life. D．T discuss the advantage f smartphnes.2．What might drive Threau t live in the wds?A．The purpse t keep fit. B．His plan f writing a bk.C．The pace f his time. D．His wrry abut technlgy.
3．What is the authr's attitude t Threau's wrds “men have becme the tls f their tls”？A．Tlerant. B．Dubtful. C．Apprving. D．Critical.4．What is the authr's main argument in this text?A．Mdern technlgy imprves ur lives. B．Simplicity in a way helps live a meaningful life.C．We shuld withdraw frm mdern sciety. D．Pwerful machines are necessary fr prgress.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了梭罗的简单生活理念及其对现代生活的启示。1．C　写作意图题。由第一段内容可知，作者提到梭罗的《瓦尔登湖》是为了引出简单生活的概念。2．C　细节理解题。由第三段中“Turned ff by the cnstant busyness f this time, Threau withdrew frm city life t live alne in the wds.”可知，他的时间节奏促使梭罗住在树林里。3．C　观点态度题。由第四段内容可知，作者认同梭罗的观点，即人们已成为自己创造的工具的奴隶，技术正在控制我们。
4.B　文章大意题。通读全文，尤其是由第一段中“Many cnsumers are buying the latest digital devices, frm tablets and fitness trackers t cmmercial drnes.Simple living seems t be a thing f the past.”和最后一段“When technlgy causes that much distractin and cnfusin, it may be healthy t simplify life by reducing technlgy veruse.”可知，作者的主要论点是简化生活在一定程度上有助于过上更有意义的生活。
B(2025·浙江省嘉兴市高三二模)The 18th century German philspher Immanuel Kant lived very firmly in a wrld f time.He was s strict abut rutine that his fellw citizens f Kcnigsberg culd set their watches by his afternn walk.Hwever, in his philsphical wrk, Kant was dubtful abut time.He believed time is created by the human mind.Out there beynd ur minds, there is n time.It's simply a “categry” f ur minds that helps us t perceive bjects and rder ur experience.
The flexibility f ur time perceptin(感知) supprts Kant's dubt.We all knw time is nt a fixed phenmenn but seems t pass at different speeds in different situatins.Fr example, it seems t g slwly when we travel t unfamiliar places, r when we are bred r in pain.It seems t speed up when we're absrbed, such as when we play music r paint.Our perceptin f time can change in a dramatic way.Perhaps, at least nce in yur life, yu've had what is called a “Time Expansin Experience (TEE)”， when secnds have stretched ut int minutes.TEEs happen mst frequently in accidents where perceptin becmes mre intense than nrmal and thus peple ntice mre details.
In accident situatins, peple are ften surprised by the amunt f time they have t think and act.In fact, many peple are cnvinced that time expansin spared them frm their serius injury, r even death.Fr example, a wman wh reprted a TEE in which she avided a metal barrier falling n t her car said, “Fr me the slwing dwn f the mment allwed me t decide hw t escape the falling metal n us.”All f this suggests that Kant was right.Perhaps the reasn why time is variable is that it desn't really exist—at least, utside ur minds.There is n bjective time ut there in the universe.What we experience as time is filtered (过滤) thrugh ur minds, and s varies accrding t ur state f mind.
5．Which f the fllwing wuld Immanuel Kant apprve f?A．Time is a basic quality f the wrld. B．Time is a recrd f human experience.C．Time is a situatin measured by daily rutine. D．Time is a mental cncept generated by humans.6．What is the main idea f paragraph 2?A．Time prgresses at a cnstant speed. B．Full attentin affects peple's sense f time.C．Time perceptin varies depending n cntext. D．Peple feel time slws dwn n special ccasins.
7．What d peple think f TEEs in accidents?A．Inspiring. B．Beneficial. C．Temprary. D．Painful.8．What can be a suitable title fr the text?A．The Secret f Time：A State f Mind B．Time Expansin：Real r Imaginary?C．Time Perceptin：A Philsphical Explratin D．The Clckwrk f the Mind：Hw t Measure Time?
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了康德的时间主观性理论及人类时间感知的弹性现象。5．D　细节理解题。根据第一段“He believed time is created by the human mind.Out there beynd ur minds, there is n time.It's simply a ‘categry’ f ur minds that helps us t perceive bjects and rder ur experience.”可知，康德相信时间是由人类的思想创造的。在我们的意识之外，没有时间。
6．C　段落大意题。根据第二段“The flexibility f ur time perceptin (感知) supprts Kant's dubt.We all knw time is nt a fixed phenmenn but seems t pass at different speeds in different situatins.Fr example, it seems t g slwly when we travel t unfamiliar places, r when we are bred r in pain.It seems t speed up when we're absrbed, such as when we play music r paint.”可知，该段主要讲时间感知因情境而异。7．B　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，人们认为在事故中的时间膨胀体验是有益的。
8．A　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中“What we experience as time is filtered (过滤) thrugh ur minds, and s varies accrding t ur state f mind.”可知，文章开篇介绍康德认为时间是由人类思维创造的，接着通过讲述时间感知的灵活性以及时间膨胀体验等内容，说明了时间是因我们的精神状态而变化的，所以选项A“时间的秘密：一种精神状态”能很好地概括文章主旨。
C(2025·江西省新余市高三一模)Are yu a lgical thinker, r wuld yu say that yu're mre free-spirited and artistic？If yu're the frmer, smebdy's prbably tld yu at sme pint that yu're a left-brained persn, and if yu're the latter, right-brained.The idea that the right half f the brain is the creative half and the left half is the analytical half and that ur individual characteristics are determined by which half is dminant is widespread in ppular psychlgy.Hwever, this idea is a fictin.
Althugh we all bviusly have different persnalities and talents, there's n reasn t believe these differences can be explained by the dminance f ne half f the brain ver the ther half.Recent research using brain imaging technlgy hasn't fund any evidence f hemispheric(脑半球的) dminance. Math, fr example, requires lgical thught and, thus, is generally said t be cnnected with the left brain.But mathematics invlves a highly creative effrt in additin t being a lgical ne.S wuld a gifted mathematician be a right-brained r a left-brained persn?
If there's n evidence fr the fictin f right-brained and left-brained peple, why d s many peple accept it？Perhaps it just makes intuitive(直觉的) sense that peple's brains wuld be dminant n ne side r the ther just as their hands, feet, r eyes are.It may als have smething t d with ur seemingly unlimited appetite that allws us t srt urselves (and ur friends) int “types” based n ur emtinal and intellectual characteristics.
When peple are ffered general descriptive statements that are presented as individualized descriptins f their wn persnalities, they tend t accept them as meaningful and true, especially if the statements are psitive.The “insights” they generate are bth universal and cngenial.After all, wh wuld reject a descriptin f themselves as “artistic and creative” r “reasnable and analytical”？The fictin is ppular, in the end, because it gives us a “scientific” way t talk abut ur favrite subject—urselves.
9．What can we learn frm the passage?A．A free-spirited artist is a right-handed persn.B．The left half f the brain deals with analytical wrk.C．Different persnalities are determined by the brain.D．The idea f which half f the brain is dminant is a fictin.10．Which is a pssible reasn fr peple believing left-brained r right-brained dminance?A．Rles f different brain regins. B．Distinctins between different peple.C．The tendency t classify peple. D．The cnclusin frm daily phenmena.
11．What des the underlined wrd “cngenial” mean in the last paragraph?A．Reasnable.　　 B．Accurate.　　 C．Randm.　　 D．Pleasing.12．What is the best title fr the text?A．The Science f Different Persnalities B．The Truth Behind Hemispheric DminanceC．Links Between the Brain and Characters D．Ways t Tell Right-brained and Left-brained Peple
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要驳斥了关于左脑型人和右脑型人这种流行观念，并解释了为什么人们会相信这一观念。9．D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Althugh we all bviusly have different persnalities and talents, there's n reasn t believe these differences can be explained by the dminance f ne half f the brain ver the ther half.Recent research using brain imaging technlgy hasn't fund any evidence f hemispheric (脑半球的) dminance.”可知，哪个半脑占主导地位的观点是虚构的，没有根据的。
10．C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It may als have smething t d with ur seemingly unlimited appetite that allws us t srt urselves (and ur friends) int ‘types’ based n ur emtinal and intellectual characteristics.”可知，人们相信这一错误的观念可能是因为我们倾向于将自己和他人分类。
11．D　词句猜测题。根据画线词前“When peple are ffered general descriptive statements that are presented as individualized descriptins f their wn persnalities, they tend t accept them as meaningful and true, especially if the statements are psitive.”可知，画线词所在句与上文呼应，“general”对应“universal”，“psitive”对应“cngenial”。画线词后提到谁会拒绝将自己描述为“有艺术性和创造力”或“理性且具分析力”呢。综合以上分析可知，“cngenial”应指人们不会拒绝的且令人高兴的。
12．B　标题归纳题。第一段通过提问引入广泛流行的观点，即大脑的左右半球分别主导分析性和创造性思维，性格由优势半脑决定，并指出这是一个虚构的说法；第二段引用最近的脑成像技术研究并以数学为例驳斥这种流行观点；第三段解释这种流行观点被广泛接受的原因；第四段阐述人们接受该观点的心理机制。综合各段大意可知，B项“The Truth Behind Hemispheric Dminance”既暗含对左右脑主导不同思维这一观点的否定，又能包含对此的一种解释，概括了文章大意，适合作文章标题。
D(2025·湖北省武汉市高三五月模拟训练)It's been quite a while since the wrld saw exactly hw deadly these deep-sea vyages can be.On June 18, 2023, the private submersible(潜水船)Titan carried five men n a missin t view the remains f the Titanic, which is abut 400 miles ff the cast f Newfundland.The dive was expected t take a few hurs and reach a depth f mre than 12,000 feet.But 105 minutes after the Titan went dwn belw the waves, it lst cntact.
The Canadian Cast Guards and the were called in fr a desperate search t rescue the passengers, nly t discver the Titan had cllapsed inward with n survivrs.The disaster dminated glbal news fr weeks, tuching ff debates：Are human-led deep-sea missins wrth their risks and csts?On scial media, sme expressed sympathy, while thers ppsed the effrt.Critics labeled the passengers “risk-takers” r “senseless” and jurnalists strngly criticised the media fcus n wealthy explrers instead f 700 drwned victims in the Aegean Sea.The blquy cntinues tday—I've been targeted myself.
Fr a decade, I've supprted undersea explratin, arguing its imprtance.Critics bject that remtely perated machines make human missins unnecessary.Why dive deep when we can study hidden secrets in high-definitin frm safe ffices?Yet I defend humanity's drive t explre—the hands-n, unpredictable pursuit that sent us t the mn and acrss ceans.Withut such explratin, scientists can't cnfirm theries; nr can jurnalists share real stries.Thrugh many attempts and mistakes, I've learned：T truly describe a subject, yu must encunter it.Discvery requires being present.
The path t knwledge is challenging, filled with setbacks and failures. It's cstly and ften unrewarding, but that's exactly why it matters.Trying varius appraches—even fllwing uncertain clues—is crucial t discvery. We lse smething vital if we abandn the curage t g deep.
13．What was the initial purpse f the Titan's missin?A．T test an underwater vehicle. B．T study undersea creatures.C．T rescue Aegean Sea victims. D．T bserve the ruins f a ship.14．What des the underlined wrd “blquy” in paragraph 3 refer t?A．The ccurrence f drwning. B．The criticism frm the sciety.C．The debate amng jurnalists. D．The fcus n wealthy explrers.
15．Hw des the authr defend the value f deep-sea explratin?A．By quting famus scientists. B．By listing undersea discveries.C．By weighing the risks and significance. D．By emphasizing its ecnmic benefits.16．What is essential fr discvery accrding t the authr?A．Media cverage. B．Pure imaginatin.C．Secured envirnment. D．Direct invlvement.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。2023 年 6 月 18 日，“泰坦” 号私人潜水船在前往查看泰坦尼克号残骸途中失联并导致乘客无一生还，这一灾难引发了关于人类主导的深海任务是否值得冒险和付出成本的辩论。作者认为尽管深海探索充满风险、代价高昂且可能没有回报，但通过权衡其风险与意义，肯定了人类探索的价值，强调亲身参与对于发现是至关重要的。
13．D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“On June 18, 2023, the private submersible (潜水船) Titan carried five men n a missin t view the remains f the Titanic” 可知，“泰坦” 号此次任务的最初目的是查看一艘船(泰坦尼克号)的残骸。14．B　词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Critics labeled the passengers ‘risk-takers’ r ‘senseless’ and jurnalists strngly criticised the media fcus n wealthy explrers instead f 700 drwned victims in the Aegean Sea.The blquy cntinues tday—I've been targeted myself.”可知，前文讲述了社会各界的批评，所以“blquy”指的是社会的批评。
15．C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Yet I defend humanity's drive t explre—the hands-n, unpredictable pursuit that sent us t the mn and acrss ceans.Withut such explratin, scientists can't cnfirm theries; nr can jurnalists share real stries.”以及最后一段中“The path t knwledge is challenging, filled with setbacks and failures.It's cstly and ften unrewarding, but that's exactly why it matters.”可知，作者通过权衡深海探索的风险和其对科学家、记者等的重要意义来为其价值辩护。
16．D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Thrugh many attempts and mistakes, I've learned：T truly describe a subject, yu must encunter it.Discvery requires being present.”可知，作者认为对于发现来说，直接参与是至关重要的。