2026届高三英语二轮复习课件：专题1　阅读理解　第2讲　掌握阅读理解4大题型（含解析）

这是一份2026届高三英语二轮复习课件：专题1　阅读理解　第2讲　掌握阅读理解4大题型（含解析），共192页。PPT课件主要包含了细节理解题，推理判断题，词句猜测题，主旨大意题，▶图解技法题干定位法，▶图解技法 ，附着　n标志牌，大法定最佳标题 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
目 录 索 引
细节理解题相对比较简单,但在高考四选一阅读中占了超过一半的比重。细节理解题常分为直接信息题、间接信息题、综合信息题、数字计算题和细节排序题等。分析近三年的高考真题可知,直接信息题、综合信息题和数字计算题为高频考点。
热考题型1　直接信息题[典例](2025全国二卷,A)English Market Twns t Visit in the UKEnglish market twns cme in many shapes and sizes.Each has a persnality① shaped by the gds and services prduced and traded fr centuries.But each twn has mre t d than shp.Herefrd,HerefrdshireHerefrd has remained a lively market twn since 1189.Skirting ② the twn square,yu’ll find lvely shps,eateries,and the Black and White Huse Museum.The Herefrd Cathedral is the mst impressive building in twn.It’s als hme t an ancient library.One f the fur riginal cpies f the Magna Carta is displayed③ there. 关键信息句1
Ludlw,ShrpshireLudlw is knwn as the Fdie Center f England.Butcher shps, greengrcers,bakeries,and cheese shps line④ the twn square.Brdering⑤ the square,the Ludlw Castle is a “must explre” medieval strnghld.The three-day Ludlw Fd Festival is held each September.　　
Shrewsbury,Shrpshire　　　　 关键信息句2Getting t Shrewsbury Twn Center frm Lndn is challenging but wrth the anxiety.The River Severn has a significant⑥ turn thrugh twn,almst making an island f Shrewsbury Twn Center.The shape creates a perfect market where gds culd be shipped and received using the river as a highway.Flwers are everywhere—hanging baskets,windw bxes,and planters⑦—just what yu imagine in an attractive English market twn.
Mevagissey,CrnwallEven if yu haven’t been t the small fishing village Mevagissey,yu’ve prbably seen it in a mvie r British TV shw.The wrking harbr(港口) tk shape in 1774.Fishermen g ut t sea daily and sell their fish in harbr-side markets.Dn’t leave the harbr withut a traditinal Crnish pie.It’s delicius.　　 关键信息句3
1.Where can yu find an riginal cpy f the Magna Carta? 题干关键词A.In the Ludlw Castle.　　　B.In the Fdie Center f the Herefrd the Black and White Huse Museum.
2.What is a feature f Shrewsbury Twn Center? 题干关键词A.It’s situated near a big island.　B.It’s almst surrunded by ’s knwn fr its flwer ’s easily accessible frm Lndn.
3.What des the authr suggest visitrs d in Mevagissey?　　　 题干关键词A.Try the Crnish pie. B.Watch a British TV fishing in the pictures f the harbr.
[语境猜词]①                           ②                           ③　　　　 　　 ④                            ⑤                            ⑥                            ⑦　　　　 　 　 
n.个性,特色　v.(熟词生义)沿着……的边缘走v.展出,陈列　v.(熟词生义)沿……形成行/列/排　v.(熟词生义)沿……边,和……毗邻　adj.明显的;显著的　n.花盆
▶设题特点①在原文中可直接找到和正确选项表述相同的短语或句子,通常仅涉及文章中一两句话的信息。②无须对文章信息进行分析、概括或推理判断。▶设问方式主要以what、when、where、which等特殊疑问词提问。
▶深度解析1.细节理解题。依据题干关键词定位至Herefrd,Herefrdshire部分。根据关键信息句1“The Herefrd Cathedral is the mst impressive f the fur riginal cpies f the Magna Carta is displayed there.”可知,在赫里福德大教堂可以找到《大宪章》的原始副本。2.依据题干关键词定位至Shrewsbury,Shrpshire部分。根据关键信息句2“The River Severn has a significant turn thrugh twn,almst making an island f Shrewsbury Twn Center.”可知,什鲁斯伯里镇中心几乎被水包围。3.依据题干关键词定位至Mevagissey,Crnwall部分。根据关键信息句3“Dn’t leave the harbr withut a traditinal Crnish pie.It’s delicius.”可知,作者建议游客在梅瓦吉西一定要尝尝康沃尔馅饼。
热考题型2　综合信息题[典例](2025全国一卷,B节选)　 关键信息句1In my ninth-grade writing class last year,I met a cwby wh saved his twn,a strict father wh demanded his sn earn straight A’s,and a mdern-day Juliet wh died f heartbreak① after her parents rejected② the lve f her yung life.Mre than nce,I fund myself wndering just hw my students, wh’d created these peple,knew their subjects③ s well.　　　　　　 关键信息句2　　
　　 关键信息句3But things were different fr their first essay,which was abut the questin:“Why is writing imprtant?” Mst f the essays filled less than ne page,and few cntained a sentence that culd be interpreted as a thesis(论点) statement.I was shcked.Then I realized that the prblem was the questin itself.They culd have written pages n the necessity f cmputers,but writing,in and f itself,simply didn’t strike④ them as imprtant.This wuld have t change.关键信息句4　　　　 关键信息句5
1.Wh are the peple mentined at the beginning f paragraph 1?A.Ninth graders.　 题干关键词B.Students’ characters. 题干关键词2.Why did the students perfrm prly in writing their first essay?A.They were nt given enugh had a very limited misunderstd the had little interest in the tpic.
[语境猜词]①                           ②                            ③　　 　 　 　　 ④                            
n. 心碎　v.拒绝接受　n.描述对象　v. 让(某人)觉得;给(某人以……)印象
▶设题特点①正确选项与原文信息表达方式不同,一般都是原文的同义转述,即用同义词或近义词等增加干扰性。②有时涉及一段内多个信息点或几段的某些内容,需进行概括和归纳才能得出答案。▶设问方式主要对文中具体信息进行提问,如what、when、where、hw、why等。
▶图解技法锁特征同义转述法
▶深度解析1.依据题干关键词定位至第一段。根据关键信息句1“In my ninth-grade writing class last year”可知,去年作者教授的是九年级的写作课;再根据关键信息句2中的“I fund myself wndering just hw my students,wh’d created these peple”可知,是作者的学生在写作课上创作了上文提到的“a cwby wh saved his twn,a strict a mdern-day Juliet...”这些人物。由此可知,第一段中作者提及的人是学生在写作中创作的人物,即虚构的人物。2.依据题干关键词定位至第二段。根据关键信息句3和句4可知,学生第一篇作文写得差的原因是“Why is writing imprtant?”这个写作话题本身。再根据关键信息句5“ didn’t strike them as imprtant”可知,学生并不觉得写作重要,也就是说,学生对该写作话题缺乏兴趣,所以写得差。
热考题型3　数字计算题[典例](2025全国一卷,A)The greening f planes,trains and autmbilesMving gds and peple arund the wrld is respnsible fr a large part f glbal CO2 emissins(排放).As the wrld races t decarbnize① everything,it faces particular prblems with transprtatin—which accunts fr abut a quarter f ur energy-related greenhuse gas emissins.Here’s the breakdwn② f the emissins in 2018 fr different mdes f transprt.
The fuels fr transprt need t be nt just green,cheap and pwerful,but als lightweight and safe enugh t be carried arund.Each mde③ f transprt has its specific④ fuel needs.Much is still t be settled,but here are sme f the slutins t get us ging green.
This energy transitin(变革) is glbal,and the amunt f renewable energy the wrld will need is “a little bit mind-blwing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the Natinal Renewable Energy Labratry.It’s estimated that the glbal demand fr electricity culd mre than duble by 2050.Frtunately,analyses suggest that renewables are up t the task.“We need t speed up the develpment f green energy,and it will all get used,” says Wipke.
Q:What percentage f glbal transprt emissins did rad vehicles accunt fr in 2018?　　　　　　　　　　　　　 题干关键词A.11.6%.　　B.45.1%.　　C.74.5%.　　D.86.1%.
[语境猜词]①                           ②                           ③　　　　 　　 ④                            ⑤                            ⑥                            ⑦　　　　　 　 
v.降低……的碳排放,使环保　n.(熟词生义)数字细目,分类　n.方式,模式　adj.明确的,具体的,特定的　adj.长期的　adj.节能的　adj.固态的
▶设题特点①常涉及时间、数量、年龄、价钱、距离等数据信息的简单计算。②找到计算背后隐含的信息是准确解题的关键。如涉及表格信息应确定好正确的数据所对应的列或行。▶设问方式主要以hw many/much或hw lng等进行提问。
▶图解技法加减乘除巧算数
▶深度解析本题问的是2018年道路交通的碳排放量在全球交通运输所产生的碳排放量中的占比。依据题干关键词定位至文章第一幅图。根据图中ROAD VEHICLES部分的内容可知,道路交通的碳排放量的占比是45.1%+29.4%=74.5%。
A(2025浙江1月卷,A)Interlibrary Lan(ILL) prvides teachers,students and staff with access t bks that are checked ut r nt wned by ur wn libraries,as well as digitized cpies f articles and bk chapters frm ur cllectin.Wh Can Brrw?Current students,teachers(including retired) and staff can request items thrugh ILL.Interlibrary Lan is nt available t frmer students,guest brrwers r fee-card hlders.
Hw Lng Des It Take?Articles are usually received within 1-2 days and bks in 5-10 days. Hwever,btaining items that are rare,recently published r in high demand may take lnger.T speed up the prcess,please make sure the infrmatin yu submit thrugh the ILL Request Frm is accurate.Length f LansLan perids are established by the lending library.All due dates are nted n the label.Brrwed items are subject t recall by the lending library.Any restrictins established by the lending library will be indicated n the label.N renewals(续借) are allwed fr physical items brrwed thrugh ILL.
Ntificatin/Delivery OptinsFr a physical item,yu will be ntified by email when it arrives.Items are picked up at ne f ur libraries—the ne yu selected in the ILL Request Frm.Fr an article r bk chapter,yu will be ntified by email when it is available.T btain the article r chapter,click n the link prvided in the email and lg int yur ILL accunt.Once in yur accunt,select Electrnic Articles Received.
Interlibrary Lan Fees
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了图书馆间借阅服务的相关信息。
1.Wh can use the ILL service?A.Frmer students.　B.Guest teachers.D.Fee-card hlders.
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Current students,teachers(including retired) and staff can request items thrugh ILL.”可知,退休老师可以使用图书馆间借阅服务。
2.What is a rule fr brrwing a print bk thrugh ILL?A.Pay an extra fee fr it befre the due it up at the lending it when it is recalled.
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Brrwed items are subject t recall by the lending library.”可知,通过ILL借阅纸质书的一条规则是要服从被借出的图书馆的召回。
3.Hw much d yu pay fr tw articles btained frm an internatinal library?A.$15.　　　　　B.$20.C.$24.D.$30.
细节理解题。根据表格中“Internatinal Libraries Article/Chapter Cst $15”可知,从国际图书馆获取两篇文章的费用是15×2=30美元。
B(2025全国二卷,D)Des yur sul die a little every time yu thrw away unused fd?Mine des.Maybe that feeling cmes frm grwing up in Suth Africa,where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was mre f an uncmfrtable reminder f fact than a prayer at dinner time.Fd waste is a grwing cncern in the restaurant,supermarket,and supply chain industries.Frm technlgical slutins t educatinal campaigns,fd prducers and sellers are lking fr ways t use mre f what we’re already grwing.But last mnth,ne ppular New Yrk City restaurant tried a different way:It changed its menu t exclusively(专门) ffer fd that wuld therwise be thrwn away.
Fr tw weeks in March,Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED,and served items like fried skate cartilage,a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad.Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste.A study by the Fd Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 punds f fd waste fr every $1,000 in revenue (收入),and f that waste nly 15.7% is dnated r recycled.Up t 84.3% is simply thrwn ut.Restaurants like Sil in the UK have experimented with zer-waste systems,but wastED tk the cncept t its lgical cnclusin.
It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage.Instead,all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving.Things like kale ribs,fish cllars,rejected sweet ptates,and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and,with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine.Thugh wastED received enthusiastic reviews,it was designed frm the start as a shrt-lived experiment;Blue Hill has since returned t its regular menu.Nevertheless,it serves as a reminder that there are many ways t address prblems f sustainability,and that yu can make an amazing meal ut f almst anything.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了纽约Blue Hill餐厅改名wastED的实验,用原本会被丢弃的食材制作菜品,以提高公众对食物浪费问题的关注。实验虽然只持续了短短的两周,却证明了可持续饮食的可能性。
4.What can be inferred abut the authr’s early life?A.He witnessed fd enjyed the lcal dnated fd t helped t ck at hme.
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“grwing up in Suth Africa,where the phrase ‘there are children starving in Africa’ was mre f an uncmfrtable reminder f fact”可知,作者童年时期长大于南非,那儿存在食物短缺问题,“非洲有孩子在挨饿” 是“事实”。由此推断作者可能目睹过食物匮乏的状况。
5.Why did Blue Hill carry ut the experiment?A.T custmize dishes fr make the public aware f fd test a fd prcessing imprve the UK’s zer-waste systems.
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste.” 可知,Blue Hill 餐厅开展实验的目的是通过定制菜品,让公众意识到食物浪费问题。
6.What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?A.Why the ingredients were dishes were best the dishes were made the ingredients were bught.
段落大意题。第五段首句指出 wastED 的食材 “并非垃圾”,而是大部分餐厅都不会使用的肉类和农产品的边角料,随后列举 kale ribs,fish cllars等通常被餐厅丢弃的原料,并说明它们被改造成美味佳肴。因此该段主要介绍菜品的原料构成。
7.What can we learn abut wastED?A.It has ended as is creating new has regained is criticized by tp chefs.
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“it was designed frm the start as a shrt-lived experiment;Blue Hill has since returned t its regular menu”可知, wastED是计划中的短期实验,目前已结束并恢复常规菜单。故选A项。
推理判断题属于深层次的阅读理解题。解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容,在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁,在字里行间体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时,要据文推理、合情推理,不可脱离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括隐含推断题、写作意图题、观点态度题和文章出处题或读者对象题等。
热考题型1　隐含推断题[典例](2025浙江1月卷,B节选)　 关键信息句1When I was a child I was ften tld what nt t eat.“Yu dn’t want t get fat” was n cnstant① repeat thrughut my childhd.It really messed up my relatinship with fd—smething that tk me years t vercme.② Because f this,I’m careful nt t cnnect what my kids weigh with their wrth as peple.I encurage my daughter t make healthy snack chices and ften dissuade(劝阻) her frm a secnd dessert.But ne day when I heard her saying “I think I’m t fat,” my heart sank.It made me wnder if giving her advice n snacks was having an unintentinally③ negative impact.
Accrding t Charltte Markey,a prfessr f psychlgy④ ,fd is ne f the rare subjects where,as parents,saying less is mre.“There are s many things in parenting that are gd t talk thrugh,but I’m nt cnvinced⑤ that fd is ne f them,” she says.“It just creates sme wrries and insecurities⑥ in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” 关键信息句2
1.What can be inferred abut the authr frm the first paragraph? 题干关键词A.She is upset by her kids’ is critical f the way she was is interested in making is particular abut what she f the fllwing wuld Markey disapprve f? 题干关键词A.Allwing kids t eat ckies varius fds t kids at fixed t kids the risks f taking with kids abut schl at mealtimes.
[语境猜词]①                           ②                                       ③　　　　 　　 ④                            ⑤                            ⑥                           
adj.重复的,持续不断的　v.克服　adv.无意地,非故意地　n.心理学　adj.确信的,信服的　n.不安全,无把握
▶设题特点推断隐含意义是依据文章信息(某个或某些句子、段落或全文信息)进行合理、适度的推断,推出作者没直接说明的内容。▶设问方式①以what提问,题干中常含infer、indicate、imply、suggest、cnclude、assume、learn、knw等动词。②What can we learn/infer ③What des the authr indicate/want t say ④也有以why等较为灵活的方式针对文章信息设问。
▶图解技法定、析、比,推言外意
▶深度解析1.依据题干关键词定位至第一段。根据关键信息句1“When I was a that tk me years t vercme.”可知,作者童年时被灌输的饮食观念对其产生了负面影响,由此可推断出,作者对自己童年时被喂养的方式持批判态度。2.依据题干关键词定位至所选第二段。根据关键信息句2“Accrding t Charltte Markey,a prfessr f psychlgy...‘There are s many... that aren’t necessarily healthy.’”可知,Markey不赞成家长和孩子过多谈论与食物相关的话题,而向孩子解释吃零食的风险属于谈论食物的话题,所以Markey不会赞成。
热考题型2　观点态度题[典例1](2025浙江1月卷,B节选)　　　 关键信息句I’ve been trying ut these strategies and I’ve fund that when I’m less restrictive① ,they d make better decisins. “Feeding is a lng game,” says Markey.“The fd yu have available makes a huge difference.Even if they dn’t eat it,they’re seeing it.And then all f a sudden it clicks.” 　　　　　　　　　　　 题干关键词1.What des the authr think f the strategies she has been fllwing?A.Cstly.　　　　D.Cntradictry.
[典例2](2024全国甲卷,C节选)Dctrs see up t 150 patients every day.The train’s equipment allws fr basic checkups.“I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned,” says Ducke.“They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want.” 关键信息句2.What is Ducke’s attitude tward the Saint Lukas’ services? 题干关键词A.Appreciative.②.D.Cautius③.
[典例3](2023浙江1月卷,B节选)Zer waste was a radical lifestyle mvement a few years back.I remember shwing my parents a vide f Bea Jhnsn,sharing hw cl I thught it wuld be t buy grceries with jars,and have s little trash!A few days later,I came back with my first jars f zer waste grceries,and my dad cmmented n hw silly it was fr me t carry jars everywhere.It came ff as a bit discuraging.　 关键信息句3.What was the attitude f the authr’s father tward buying grceries with jars?　　　题干关键词A.He disapprved f it.B.He was favrable t was tlerant f it.D.He didn’t care abut it.
[语境猜词]①                           ②                                       ③　　　　 　　 
adj.限制性的,约束的　adj.模棱两可的,有歧义的　adj.谨慎的
▶设题特点①推断作者或文中人物对某个人或事物所持的态度、看法。②先明确某人对人物或事物的态度,再锁定体现人物观点态度的感情色彩鲜明的褒贬词(形容词、副词等)、句或事例或描写人物动作、表情或语气的词句推断态度。▶设问方式题干中常出现的词有attitude、pinin、think f、cnsider、feel abut等。如①What des the authr think f/feel ②What is the researcher’s attitude
▶图解技法寻褒贬词,察言观色定态度
▶深度解析1.依据题干关键词定位至所选文段。根据关键信息句“I’ve been trying ut these strategies and I’ve fund that when I’m less restrictive,they d make better decisins.”可知,孩子们确实会做出更好的决策,所以作者会认为自己所遵循的策略是可行的。
2.推断文中人物的观点态度。依据题干关键词定位至所选文段。根据Ducke所说的话“I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned...”可知,Ducke认为,虽然医疗团队在如此狭小的空间里工作和生活,但他们仍然保持专注,并关心他人,这让他印象深刻。由此推断,Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏态度。要正确解此题,要关注but后的“still staying fcused and very cncerned”以及表达作者情感态度的词“very impressed”等。3.依据题干关键词定位至所选文段。根据关键信息句,尤其是句中的关键词“silly”以及“discuraging”可推知,作者的父亲不赞成带着罐子去买杂货。
热考题型3　写作意图题[典例1](2024新课标Ⅰ卷,B节选)　　 关键信息句Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time,and if the past is any indicatin①,he may be right:Since 1982, membership② in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700.“Smetimes it surprises me that it wrks s well,” he says.“I will d anything t help an animal.That’s my jb.”　　　
1.Why des the authr mentin the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin? 题干关键词A.T prve Farber’s emphasize its praise advcate animal prtectin.
[典例2](2023全国甲卷,C节选)Eric Weiner’s The Scrates Express:In Search f Life Lessns frm Dead Philsphers reawakened③ my lve fr philsphy.It is nt an explanatin, but an invitatin t think and experience philsphy.　　关键信息句1Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext(背景) f ne thing they can help us d better.The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates,see like Threau,listen like Schpenhauer,and have n regrets like Nietzsche.This,mre than a bk abut understanding philsphy,is a bk abut learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.　 关键信息句2
2.Why des the authr list great philsphers in paragraph 4? 题干关键词A.T cmpare Weiner with give examples f great praise their writing help readers understand Weiner’s bk.[语境猜词]①                           ②                                       ③　　　　 　　 
n.迹象　n.会员数目　vt.重新唤醒
▶设题特点①就某一细节(例子等)或某个段落的写作意图提问 ②就整篇文章的写作意图提问▶设问方式①就细节:What is the authr’s purpse in des the authr ②就段落:What is the functin f the first paragraph?③就文章:What is the purpse f the text?
▶图解技法依主旨,辨文体,推意图
▶深度解析1.根据所选段落关键信息句“Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time,and if the past is any indicatin,he may be right:Since 1982,membership in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700.”可知作者提到美国整体兽医协会是为了证明Farber的观点。
2.依据题干关键词定位至所选文本的第二段。该段首句介绍Weiner的书的内容:把哲学家们的著作置于某背景下,让他们的作品帮我们做得更好。接着列举一系列哲学家的例子:像苏格拉底一样思考,像梭罗一样观察,像叔本华一样倾听,像尼采那样无怨无悔。在列举了几位伟大的哲学家后,作者总结,这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书,更是一本关于学习如何运用哲学来改善生活的书。由此可推知,作者列举几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiner的书。
热考题型4　文章出处和类型题[典例1](2023新课标Ⅱ卷,C) 关键信息句1Reading Art:Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk,represented① here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld.The image f the reader appears thrughut histry,in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being.In artists’ representatins f bks and reading,we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
关键信息句2In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes② these cnnectins between different eras and cultures.We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl,with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins.Adults are prtrayed(描绘) alne in many settings and pses—absrbed in a vlume,deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag,but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
Bks themselves may be used symblically③ in paintings t demnstrate the intellect(才智),wealth r faith f the subject.Befre the wide use f the printing press,bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right.Mre recently,as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway,artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks—transfrming cvers,pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures.Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated.Frm a 21st-century pint f view,the printed bk is certainly ancient,but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader...
1.Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?A.An intrductin t a essay n the art f writing.C.A guidebk t a museum.D.A review f mdern paintings.
[典例2](2022全国乙卷,B节选)In 1916,tw girls f wealthy families,best friends frm Auburn,N.Y.—Drthy Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd—travelled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse.The girls had gne t Smith Cllege.They wre expensive clthes.S fr them t mve t Elkhead,Cl.t instruct the children whse shes were held tgether with string was a surprise.Their stay in Elkhead is the subject f Nthing Daunted: The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West by Drthy Wickenden,wh is a magazine editr and Drthy Wdruff’s granddaughter.　　　　 关键信息句1　　　
关键信息句2In Wickenden’s bk,she expanded n④ the histry f the West and als n feminism,which f curse influenced the girls’ decisin t g t Elkhead.A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads,which entailed (牵涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies,ften in blinding snwstrms.The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn. 关键信息句3　　 关键信息句4Wickenden is a very gd stryteller.The sweep f the land and the sticism (坚忍) f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing...
2.What is the text?A.A news reprt.　　　　B.A bk review.C.A children’s stry.D.A diary entry.[语境猜词]①                           ②                                       ③　　　　 　　 ④                           
vt.展示　vt.强调　adv.象征性地　详细阐述
▶设题特点根据文章体裁和题材判断文章的出处和类型。▶设问方式文章出处①Where is the text prbably taken frm?②Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?文章类型What is the text?
▶图解技法巧借细节判出处
▶深度解析1.根据第一段关键信息句1“Reading Art:Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk,represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld.”和第二段关键信息句2“In this ‘bk f bks,’...”可知,本文介绍了收录近三百件来自博物馆和世界各地的收藏品的一本书。2.从第一段关键信息句1可知,两人支教的故事是Drthy Wickenden所著的Nthing Daunted:The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West这本书的主题;倒数第二段关键信息句2和句3介绍了书里描述的内容以及结局,最后一段关键信息句4更是直接指出Drthy Wickenden是一位出色的故事讲述者。整篇文章都是围绕着一本书展开的,是一篇典型的书评。
热考题型5　写作手法、读者对象和文章后续内容题[典例1](2025全国一卷,D节选)　　　　　　　关键信息句Micrplastics have becme a cmmn surce f pllutin acrss the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas,stuck inside vlcanic rcks,filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw.They are even appearing inside humans.　　1.Hw des the authr present the issue in the first paragraph?　　　　　　　　　　 题干关键词A.By quting① an expert.　B.By defining② a giving examples.D.By prviding statistics③.
[典例2](2023全国乙卷,C)What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd?Prbably fish and chips,r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables.But is British fd really s uninteresting?Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr④ less-than-impressive cuisine,it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus⑤ in their cking habits.It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining⑥ and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way.There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges.It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts,1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd.Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients(配料) than they used t,and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre.One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills,and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking.The UK’s bsessin(痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling.Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV,it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.　　　关键信息句3
2.What might the authr cntinue talking abut? 题干关键词A.The art f cking in ther chefs n TV manners in the f big eaters.
vt.引用　vt.解释,阐明　n.数据　有……声望　adj.勇于冒险的　v.下降
▶设题特点①写作手法常涉及记叙文、说明文和议论文三种体裁,文章难度中等,结构层次清晰。常考类别有分类法、比较法、举例法、因果法、定义法、分析原因法、引入数据和研究、描述法等。②读者对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞和语言特征及信息句中代词的指代对象来推断文章的读者对象。③文章后续内容在设题时,文中给出要叙述的内容,但段落不全,最后一部分内容缺失。文中论述的依据分为几个部分,但最后缺少一个支撑。
▶设问方式写作手法①What des the authr fcus n in the first tw paragraphs?②Hw des the authr present the ③Hw his/her findings in 读者对象Wh is the passage intended 文章后续内容What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
▶深度解析1.根据选文中的关键信息句“微塑料出现在深海中和喜马拉雅山上,被困在火山岩中,填满海鸟的胃,甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现在了人类体内”可推知,作者是通过举例子提出微塑料污染的问题的。2.推断文章后续内容要关注文章最后一段,尤其是关键信息句提到的“随着电视上的男厨师越来越多,男孩喜欢烹饪不再是一件‘不酷的事’了”。由此推断,接下来作者可能会继续谈论“电视上的男厨师”这一话题,承接上文。
A(2025八省联考,B)Jim Jhnsn,a mail carrier,was an institutin in the leafy Westmreland, Westhaven and Westver Hills neighbrhds,just nrth f dwntwn Wilmingtn,where he delivered much mre than the mail.He knew all the kids and their pets by name;he carried in the grceries;he tk nte f unlcked drs,ffered gardening advice,and taught mre than a few yung bys the art f the curveball.When he wasn’t ding all that,Jim was running acrss a checkerbard f green lawns(草坪) t ensure the lcal pstal service did nt fall shrt f its daily prmise.
Thugh the pstal service is ften disparaged nw,the trust in lcal pstal service lives n.In many cmmunities,that trust is wn every day when life-saving medicine,greeting cards,scial security checks,cllege acceptance letters—even the bills—appear in mailbxes in frnt f the huses.
After mre than three decades,Jim apprached his final days n the jb much like any ther.He drve a bxy pstal truck t Nrth DuPnt Rad fr the first unfficial stp f the day.Butch,a dg wh belnged t ne f the neighbrs,was waiting just like every day befre.And just like every day befre,he gt int the jump seat and they were ff.On the rute,Jim and Butch had becme inseparable.Nw,the dg and the mailman wuld ride ff t retirement tgether.At every stp,Jim accepted the parting gd wishes f families that had becme his wn.There were tears and laughter,and hugs filled with warm memries.It’s been 33 years since Jim left the rute,but we are still reminded f the deep bnd established between cmmunity and letter carrier.That’s what the pstal service means t us.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了邮递员吉姆·约翰逊在工作中热心帮助邻里,与大家建立了深厚感情,在他退休33年后,作者依然记得他,表达了对他的怀念。
1.What d we knw abut Jim Jhnsn frm the first paragraph?A.He’s pen-’s sharp-’s warm-’s strng-willed.
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“He knew all the kids and their pets by name;he carried in the grceries;he tk nte nt fall shrt f its daily prmise.”可推知,吉姆·约翰逊是一个热心肠的人。
2.What des the underlined wrd “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean?A.Refused.　　　　D.Suspended.
词句猜测题。根据画线单词所在句“Thugh the pstal service is ften disparaged nw,the trust in lcal pstal service lives n.”可知,前后句是转折关系,后半句说对当地邮政服务的信任依然存在,那么前半句应该是说邮政服务现在常被批评。由此可知,画线单词disparaged与criticized(批评)意思相近。
3.What did Jim d besides daily delivery n his final days f wrk?A.He drve Butch t its sent presents t his prepared a retirement said gdbye t the neighbrs.
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At every stp,Jim accepted the parting gd wishes f families that had becme his wn.There were tears and laughter,and hugs filled with warm memries.”可知,吉姆在工作的最后几天除了每天送货外,还向邻居们告别。
4.What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?A.T remember a respected mail recrd an unfrgettable raise funds fr the pstal call fr harmny in the cmmunity.
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段可知,文章主要讲述了邮递员吉姆·约翰逊在工作中热心帮助邻里,与大家建立了深厚感情,在他退休33年后,作者依然记得他,表达了对他的怀念。由此推知,作者写这篇文章的目的是纪念一位受人尊敬的邮递员。
B(2024全国甲卷,C)The Saint Lukas train desn’t accept passengers—it accepts nly the sick. The Saint Lukas is ne f five gvernment-spnsred medical trains that travel t remte twns in central and eastern Russia.Each stp lasts an average f tw days,and during that time the dctrs and nurses n bard prvide rural(乡村) ppulatins with basic medical care,X-ray scans and prescriptins.“Peple started queuing t make an appintment early in the mrning,” says Emile Ducke,a German phtgrapher wh traveled with the staff f the Saint Lukas fr a tw-week trip in Nvember thrugh the vast regins(区域)f Krasnyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serius need f mdernizatin.The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem,particularly in the prer,rural areas east f the Vlga River,including arranging dctr’s appintments by vide chat and expanding financial aid prgrams t mtivate dctrs t practice medicine in remte parts f the cuntry like Krasnyarsk.The annual arrival f the Saint Lukas is anther attempt t imprve the situatin.Fr 10 mnths every year,the train stps at abut eight statins ver tw weeks,befre returning t the reginal capital t refuel and restck(补给). Then it starts all ver again the next mnth.Mst statins wait abut a year between visits.
Dctrs see up t 150 patients every day.The train’s equipment allws fr basic checkups.“I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned,”says Ducke.“They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了俄罗斯政府为解决偏远地区医疗资源不足的问题而运营的Saint Lukas 医疗车。
5.Hw is the Saint Lukas different frm ther trains?A.It runs acrss reserves seats fr the functins as a travels alng a river.
细节理解题。根据第一段可知,Saint Lukas 列车只允许病人乘坐,是政府资助的一辆医疗列车,列车上的医生和护士为乡村人口提供基本的医疗服务。因此,该列车与其他列车的不同之处在于它的作用相当于一家医院。
6.What can we infer frm paragraph 3 abut Krasnyarsk?A.It is heavily ffers training fr is a mdern needs medical aid.
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem, mtivate dctrs t practice medicine in remte parts f the cuntry like Krasnyarsk.”可知,政府激励医生在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。由此推测,克拉斯诺亚尔斯克需要医疗援助。
7.Hw lng can the Saint Lukas wrk with ne supply?A.Abut a ten tw tw weeks.
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Fr 10 mnths every year,the train stps at abut eight statins ver tw weeks,befre returning t the reginal capital t refuel and restck.”可知,该列车会在大约八个站点停留两周多,然后返回补充燃料和进行补给。由此可知,该列车进行一次补给后可工作大约两周。
8.What is Ducke’s attitude tward the Saint Lukas’ services?A.Appreciative.D.Cautius.
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Ducke说的话“I was very impressed...”以及“They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want.”可知,Ducke 对该列车的服务持赞赏的态度。
词句猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力,既可以考查生词的意义,也可以考查熟词的新义,还可以是对代词所指代内容的判断。
热考题型1　词义猜测题[典例1](2025全国一卷,B节选)As a new unit started,I asked everyne t write a persuasive① piece n a health-related tpic f their chice.This time they fund the exercise much mre interesting.Fr the next tw assignments②,a persnal-narrative unit fllwed by a creative-writing wrkshp,I nly required that the piece meet the specificatins f its genre(体裁) and that it cntain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students tk n diverse③ tpics and turned in stries,10 t 20 pages each,with characters that bradened my view and tuched my heart. 关键信息句　　
1.What des the underlined wrd “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean?　　　　　　 题干关键词A.Mixed.　　　　D.Disturbing.
[典例2](2023新课标Ⅱ卷,C节选)In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures.We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl,with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins.Adults are prtrayed(描绘) alne in many settings and pses—absrbed in a vlume④,deep in thught⑤ r lst in a mment f leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag,but they recrd mments we can all relate d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean?　　　　　　　　 题干关键词A.Understand.　　　　D.Transfrm.
[典例3](2023全国甲卷,B节选)Terri Bltn is a dab hand when it cmes t DIY(d-it-yurself).Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing⑥ tgether furniture,she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.　　　关键信息句3.Which is clsest in meaning t “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?　　　　　　　　 　题干关键词A.An artist.B.A winner.C.A specialist.D.A pineer.
[典例4](2023新课标Ⅰ卷,C节选)The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism,including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks,and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.T d s,I divided the bk int tw parts.In part ne,I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism,starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable⑦,befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy:the digital declutter.This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days.At the end f the thirty days,yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive⑧ benefits t the things yu value.In the final chapter f part ne,I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter.In ding s,I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter.Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them,and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid...
4.What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? 题干关键词A.Clear-up.　B.Add-D.Take-ver.
[语境猜词]①                           ②                                       ③　　　　 　　 ④                            ⑤                            ⑥                           ⑦                            ⑧                           
adj.有说服力的　n.(学生的)作业　adj.多种多样的　(熟词生义)n.书籍　陷入沉思　(熟词生义)v.拼装　adj.难以忍受的　adj.大量的
▶设题特点猜测画线词/短语的含义包括理解生僻词块含义、特定语境下熟词的生僻含义。▶设问方式①What des/d the underlined wrd(s) t?②What can best replace the underlined wrd(s)?
▶图解技法4角度快猜词1.据语境/“瞻前顾后”推词义——“瞻前顾后”,寻找上下文可以推断画线词词义的线索
2.4种逻辑关系猜词法——利用逻辑衔接词前后的内容猜画线词含义
3.利用语法关系猜测词义
4.根据构词法猜词义
▶深度解析1.利用语境推断词义。根据画线词后面的关键信息句“The students tk n diverse tpics and turned in stries,10 t 20 pages each,with characters that bradened my view and tuched my heart.”可知,学生们的写作与以前相比发生了巨大变化,而且这个结果应是积极正向的;选项中只有 B项“Amazing(令人惊喜的,令人惊奇的)”符合语境要求。由此推知,staggering与amazing语义一致。 2.利用逻辑关系猜词义。该段第一句是主题句:这本“书中书”选取和排列艺术作品的方式,凸显不同时代和文化之间的联系。第二、三句是拓展句,通过儿童和成年人的场景和行为展示书籍的重要性;尾句指出这些场景虽然可能是数百年前绘制的,但记录了不同时空和文化之间人类共同的场景,所以是我们所有人都能够理解和产生共鸣的瞬间,故画线词意为“理解”。
3.根据画线短语下文关键信息句“Skilled can d herself.”可知,Terri Bltn是一位DIY高手。由此可推知,画线短语a dab hand意为“一位专业人员”。4.利用构词法猜词义。画线词为派生词,词根是clutter,作动词时意为“凌乱地塞满;乱堆放”;作名词意为“杂乱的东西;杂乱”,前缀de-为否定前缀,有“去除”之意,所猜词意思=词根意思+前缀意思,“去除杂乱的东西;使不再凌乱”,即“清理”。
热考题型2　代词指代题[典例1](2025全国二卷,B节选)There are up t 30 students at any given time in H’s class.She generally wrks with their regular teachers t get lessns and tests being used at their hme schls.Sme teachers dn’t give the kids any assignments;they express sympathy① instead.“I feel like it is a disservice② t the kids,” H says.“They think their teachers dn’t care abut their schlwrk.” 关键信息句1.What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t in paragraph 4?　 题干关键词A.Offering regular lessns.B.Paying extra n schlwrk.D.Shwing n sympathy.
[典例2](2022新课标Ⅱ卷,C节选)“We need smething n the bks that can change peple’s behaviur,” said Félix W.Ortiz,wh pushed fr the state’s 2001 ban③ n hand-held devices by drivers.If the Textalyzer bill becmes law,he said,“peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne.”　 　 关键信息句2.What des the underlined wrd “smething” in the last paragraph refer t?　　　 题干关键词
n.同情　n.伤害　n.禁令
▶设题特点代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中,应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的所指,有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。▶设问方式①What des the underlined wrd “this/it/them...”refer t?②The underlined part “it/that/they...” in t 　　　. 
▶图解技法就近原则找指代
▶深度解析1.根据选文中的关键信息句“Sme teachers dn’t give the kids any assignments;they express sympathy instead.‘I feel like it is a disservice t the kids,’ H says.” 可推知,其中的“it”指的是不给孩子们布置作业这件事。2.根据画线词所在句中的“that can change peple’s behaviur”可知, smething是能够改变人们的行为的事物。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becmes law,he said,‘peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne.’”可知,人们的行为会改变的条件是Textalyzer法案成为法律,受到法律的约束和惩罚,司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机,故smething指代的是法律。
热考题型3　句意理解题[典例](2019浙江卷,B节选)Mney with n strings attached.It’s nt smething yu see every day.But at Unin Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth,a bard went up with dllar bills attached t① it with pins and a sign② that read,“Give What Yu Can,Take What Yu Need.”　 　关键信息句Q:What des the expressin “mney with n strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean? 题干关键词A.Mney spent withut nt legally ffered withut nt tied tgether.
[语境猜词]①                           ②                                       
▶设题特点理解某一个句子的本意或外延含义,需理解前后句所表达的含义。▶设问方式What des the underlined sentence/the expressin in paragraph... mean?▶图解技法意义吻合推句意
▶深度解析根据第一段末尾的关键信息句“Give What Yu Can,Take What Yu Need.”可知,如果你有能力,就捐钱;如果需要钱,就可以拿走钞票,没有任何条件,给和拿都是自愿的。
A(2024新课标Ⅰ卷,C)Is cmprehensin the same whether a persn reads a text nscreen r n paper?And are listening t and viewing cntent as effective as reading the written wrd when cvering the same material?The answers t bth questins are ften “n.” The reasns relate t a variety f factrs,including reduced cncentratin,an entertainment mindset(心态) and a tendency t multitask while cnsuming digital cntent.
When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre,learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen.A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding.The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—t nes that require mental abstractin—such as drawing inferences frm a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related t paper’s physical prperties.With paper,there is a literal laying n f hands, alng with the visual gegraphy f distinct pages.Peple ften link their memry f what they’ve read t hw far int the bk it was r where it was n the page.
But equally imprtant is the mental aspect.Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called “shallwing hypthesis(假说).” Accrding t this thery,peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius,and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.Audi(音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text,and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies—say,assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn.Hwever,psychlgists have demnstrated that when adults read news stries,they remember mre f the cntent than if they listen t r view identical pieces.
Digital texts,audi and vide all have educatinal rles,especially when prviding resurces nt available in print.Hwever,fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr,educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same,even when they cntain identical wrds.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了纸质阅读与数字阅读(可视化学习)在理解和记忆方面的优劣,强调纸质阅读对于深度学习和记忆的重要性。
1.What des the underlined phrase “shine thrugh” in paragraph 2 mean?A.Seem unlikely t hard t ready t easy t ntice.
词义猜测题。根据上文的“When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre,learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen.”可知,在阅读几百字的文本时,纸质阅读比屏幕阅读的学习效果更好。结合本句的“ experimenters mve frm psing simple as drawing inferences frm a text.”可知,当实验人员把任务从易到难推进时,纸质阅读的优势尤为明显,也就是变得容易被人注意到。由此可知,shine thrugh的意思与D项相同。
2.What des the shallwing hypthesis assume?A.Readers treat digital texts texts are simpler t select digital texts texts are suitable fr scial media.
推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Accrding t this thery,peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media,which are ften nt s they are reading print.”是对shallwing hypthesis(浅层阅读假说)的解释说明。人们通常带着一种不太严肃的态度去阅读社交媒体的数字文本。由此可知,A项符合题意。
3.Why are audi and vide increasingly used by university teachers?A.They can hld students’ are mre cnvenient t help develp advanced are mre infrmative than text.
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Audi and vide can feel mre engaging than text,and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies...”可知,大学教师之所以越来越多地使用音频和视频,是因为它们比文本更加吸引人,也就是能够保持学生的注意力。
4.What des the authr imply in the last paragraph?A.Students shuld apply multiple learning shuld prduce their wn teaching texts cannt be entirely replaced in utside the classrm cannt be ignred.
推理判断题。最后一段第一句强调了数码文本、音频和视频的教育作用,接着用Hwever一转指出,教育者不应该认为所有媒体的作用都是一样的,暗示我们切勿忽视印刷文本的重要性,即其他媒体信息不能完全取代印刷文本。
B(2023全国乙卷,D)If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld,a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity,yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne,because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts,while mst f the wrld,fr mst f the time,has nt.Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements,and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的)scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects,and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that,but in many cases we simply can’t.The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict,at Btany Bay,between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals.Frm the English side,we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day.Frm the Australian side,we have nly a wden shield(盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht.If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day,the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides,there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted,especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write.Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries.The Caribbean Tain,the Australian Abriginals,the African peple f Benin and the Incas,all f whm appear in this bk,can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made:a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice.When we cnsider cntact(联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these,all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted,nly ne half f a dialgue.If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin,we have t read nt just the texts,but the bjects.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了文字和实物史料共同记录历史的重要性,不能仅凭文字记载历史。
5.What is the first paragraph mainly abut?A.Hw past events shuld be humanity is cncerned facts speak luder than written language is reliable.
段落大意题。通读第一段内容可知,作者认为不能只通过文本来讲述历史,因为世界上大多数地方在大多数时候都没有文字,而且,甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字,而且用实物记录他们的担忧。作者开篇点题,引出了文章所要讨论的主题:应如何呈现过去的事件。故选A项。
6.What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in paragraph 2?A.His reprt was represented the lcal ruled ver Btany recrd was ne-sided.
推理判断题。根据本段第一句话可知,作者提及库克船长是暗示他的记录是单方面的,是片面的。本段举例是为了论证段落主旨句第一句,只有文字是不全面的,还需要实物,也就是shield。故选D项。
7.What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
词义猜测题。根据画线词前部分中的“a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice”可知,此处的cnversatin指的“历史”。同时重申本文论点:要了解历史,不仅需要文字,还需要实物。故选B项。
8.Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?A.Hw Maps Tell Stries f the WrldB.A Shrt Histry f AustraliaC.A Histry f the Wrld in 100 ObjectsD.Hw Art Wrks Tell Stries
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries.”和“a histry tld thrugh things”以及“we have t read nt just the texts,but the bjects”可知,本文选自A Histry f the Wrld in 100 Objects。故选C项。
主旨大意题是阅读理解中最难的题目,因为该类题目不仅考查领会文章大意的能力,也对归纳概括能力提出了较高的要求。该类题目在文章中没有明显的解题依据,需要从文章中提炼、提取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括,才能归纳出文章的主旨。因此,遇到主旨大意题时切勿草率作答,一定要读完、读懂文章后再作判断,建议学生将此类题目放到最后来做。
热考题型1　段落大意题[典例](2025浙江1月卷,D节选)　　　 关键信息句Martin sees a silver lining,hwever:She believes that anthrpmrphism(拟人化) “prvides an pprtunity t change steretypes.” When wmen are put int psitins f leadership like running cmpanies,it reduces negative steretypes abut wmen.Similarly,anthrpmrphized prducts culd be created t take n① steretype-incnsistent② rles—a male rbt that assists with nursing r a female rbt that helps d calculatins,fr instance.　　　　　　　
Q:What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut? 题干关键词A.The quality f genderless upside f gendering a meaning f steretypes f men and wmen.[语境猜词]①                           ②                                       
承担　adj.不一致的
▶设题特点在理解段落内容的基础上提炼核心信息,然后对比选项,选出最契合段落主要内容的选项。▶设问方式①What is the first paragraph mainly abut?②What des talk abut?③What is the main idea f the first paragraph?
▶图解技法依段落结构定段意
▶深度解析依据题干关键词定位至最后一段。根据该段中的关键信息句“Martin sees a silver lining,hwever:She believes that anthrpmrphism ‘prvides an pprtunity t change steretypes’.”以及后文所举的例子可知,最后一段主要讲了赋予产品性别有积极的一面,即可以通过拟人化改变刻板印象。
热考题型2　文章大意题[典例](2024新课标Ⅱ卷,C)We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd.Hwever,mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered① hundreds f miles befre reaching the table.While farmer’s markets are a slid② chice t reduce the jurney,Babyln Micr-Farm(BMF) shrtens it even mre.BMF is an indr garden system.It can be set up fr a family.Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital,restaurant r schl.The innvative③ design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically,it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy.By cnnecting thrugh the Clud,BMF is remtely mnitred.Als,there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time.Because the system is autmated④,it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants.Rather than watering rws f sil,the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant.After harvest,users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd(容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.Mrever,having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins(排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad.In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.　　
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability⑤ in their everyday lives.Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk.Inside the ffice,they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste,carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
Q:What des the text mainly talk abut?　　　题干关键词A.BMF’s majr ’s general ’s glbal ’s technical standards.
[语境猜词]①                           ②                                       ③　　　　 　　 ④                            ⑤                           
(熟词生义)v.走完(一段路程)　(熟词生义)adj.可靠的adj.创新的　v.使自动化　n.可持续性
▶深度解析根据各段的关键信息(画线部分)可以知晓各段落大意。本文第一段以新鲜食物的重要性及商店农产品运输的问题为导入,引出巴比伦微农场,指出其具有可缩短运输距离的优势。第二段强调巴比伦微农场通过其创新设计和功能保证新鲜蔬菜供应。第三段详细说明巴比伦微农场依靠新技术,在节水等方面的优势。第四段指出巴比伦微农场在可持续发展方面的优势。第五段介绍巴比伦微农场员工在日常生活中环保的生活方式。串联各段落大意可知,整篇文章围绕巴比伦微农场的优势展开介绍。
热考题型3　标题归纳题[典例](2023新课标Ⅱ卷,B)Turning sil,pulling weeds,and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids.And at first it is,says Abby Jaramill,wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts,a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls.The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness,and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally① cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says.“They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful,dirt is awful,insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared② f the insects and turned ff by the dirt,mst are eager t try smething new.Urban Spruts’ classes,at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing,flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce,and wrk in the garden.Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw,and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.　　
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes.“We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin.Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens.Besides,wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students,many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues.“They get utside,” she says,“and they feel successful.”
Q:What can be a suitable title fr the text?A.Rescuing Schl GardensB.Experiencing Cuntry LifeC.Grwing Vegetable LversD.Changing Lcal Landscape[语境猜词]①                           ②                                       
adv.真正地　adj.害怕的
▶深度解析串线法概括大意后,提炼文章标题。根据各段关键信息可概括各段大意: Para.1介绍该项目发起人、项目目的和初衷;Para.2介绍学生的居住环境以及他们对食物和自然环境的初始态度;Para.3介绍项目课程和活动;Para.4介绍项目效果;Para.5为结论段,项目的其他收益,提升了学生的兴趣,同时也有助于他们的情绪稳定。串联各段大意可知,本文主要讲述了Abby Jaramill发起Urban Spruts项目,带领学生种植蔬菜的故事,对学生们影响深远。注意全文高频词汇是prgram(即种菜项目)。
A(2022全国甲,C)As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica,she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins(企鹅) lnging t say hell.These gentle,lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.Ever since her childhd,Ginni,nw 71,has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career(职业) as a prfessinal dancer,she tured in the UK,but always lnged t explre further.When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest,she decided it was time t take the plunge. 
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts,Ginni began t travel the wrld,eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile.And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg,the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland.“I just decided I wanted t g,” she says.“I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus,I just wanted t d it.And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008,Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met befre,t begin the jurney twards Antarctica.“Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises,the whle experience was amazing.Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has,”Ginni says.“I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale;it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us.Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”The realizatin that this is a precius land,t be respected by humans,was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Ginni从小就热爱旅游,后来通过机缘巧合去了南极洲旅行,并留下了深刻的印象的故事。
1.Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?A.Try challenging a back lst t a prmise.
词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“has had a deep lve fr travel”以及“her sns eventually flew the nest”可知,Ginni从小就热爱旅行并且儿子们都自立门户了,自己可以去尝试有挑战的事情了。故选A项。
2.What made Ginni decide n the trip t Antarctica?A.Lvely scenery.C.A discunt fare.D.A friend’s invitatin.
推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica...”以及第三句中的“I just decided I wanted t g”可知,在智利她买到了去往南极洲的廉价船票,然后她决定去南极。C项意为“打折票”,符合题意。故选C项。
3.What des Ginni think abut Antarctica after the jurney?A.It culd be a hme fr shuld be easily shuld be well needs t be fully intrduced.
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans...”可知,它应该被很好地保护。注意 “hit hme t sb” 意为“切中要害,使人接受”,不指“家”的概念。 故选C项。
4.What is the text mainly abut?A.A childhd unfrgettable arund the animals in Antarctica.
主旨大意题。文章从第一段就提到Ginni去了南极洲,第二段讲述了她去旅行的前提条件,第三段讲述机缘巧合她决定去南极洲旅行,最后两段主要说明Ginni去南极洲旅游的印象和感受。旅行和南极洲贯穿了全文,且文章第一段最后一句提到了“Ginni永远不会忘记的一次旅途”可知,一次难忘的经历最合适。 故选B项。
B(2024九省联考,D)Fr lts f kids,tddlerhd(幼儿期) is an imprtant time fr friendship. Studies shw that the earlier kids learn t frm psitive relatinships,the better they are at relating t thers as teenagers and adults.Playing tgether als helps these kids practice scial behavirs,such as kindness,sharing,and cperatin.Even s,hw quickly yur child develps int a scial creature may als depend n his temperament(性格).Sme tddlers are very scial,but thers are shy.In additin,the way that tddlers demnstrate that they like ther children is markedly different frm what adults think f as expressins f friendship. Research at Ohi State University in Clumbus fund that a tddler’s way f saying “I like yu” during play is likely t cme in the frm f cpying a friend’s behavir.
This seemingly unusual way f demnstrating fndness can result in unpleasant behavir.Regardless f hw much they like a playmate,they may still grab his tys,refuse t share,and get bssy.But experts say that this is a nrmal and necessary part f friendship fr kids this age.Thrugh play experiences,tddlers learn scial rules.That’s why it’s s imprtant t take an active rle in yur tddler’s scial encunters by setting limits and ffering frequent reminders f what they are.When yu establish these guidelines, explain the reasns behind them.
Begin by helping yur child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying.What’s making him s sad?”),and then suggest hw he culd reslve the prblem (“Maybe he wuld feel better if yu let him play the ball.”).When yur child shares r shws empathy (同理心) tward a friend,praise him (“Ben stpped crying!Yu made him feel better.”).Anther way t encurage healthy scial interactin is by encuraging kids t use wrds—nt fists — t express hw they feel.It’s als imprtant t be mindful f hw yur child’s persnality affects playtime.Kids are easy t get angry when they’re sleepy r hungry,s schedule playtime when they’re refreshed.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了幼儿时期友谊对儿童社交能力发展的重要性,并探讨了幼儿表达友谊的方式和可能出现的问题。同时,文章还提供了一些建议和方法,帮助家长在幼儿社交互动中发挥积极作用,培养他们的同情心和表达能力,学会发展友谊。
5.What des it indicate when tddlers cpy their playmates’ behavir?A.They are interested in are shy with the are fnd f their are tired f playing games.
细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“Research at Ohi State University... cpying a friend’s behavir.”可知,当幼儿模仿朋友的行为时,表明他们喜欢自己的朋友。be fnd f为原文中like的同义异构,表示“喜欢”。
6.What des the authr suggest parents d fr their kids?A.Design games fr them suitable tgether with them understand scial rules.
推理判断题。根据第三段第四句到第六句可知,家长通过给孩子设定限制并经常提醒,可以在孩子的社交活动中起到积极作用,在确立这些社交原则时,要向他们解释其背后的原因。由此可知,作者建议家长帮助孩子们理解社交规则。
7.What is the functin f the quted statements in paragraph 4?A.Giving cmparisns.
推理判断题。第四段中每一个括号中的内容都在举例解释说明其前面的语句,如第一个括号内容解释说明了什么是“同情心”,第二个括号内容解释说明如何解决问题,第三个则是对如何表扬孩子进行举例说明。