高考英语二轮复习专题突破 +专题13：短文改错之名词、冠词错误+练习 含答案

这是一份高考英语二轮复习专题突破 +专题13：短文改错之名词、冠词错误+练习 含答案，共10页。
核【核心知识·深度解读】
名词和冠词是短文改错的基础考点，近年命题更注重在具体语境中考查名词的数、所有格、抽象名词具体化以及冠词的泛指、特指、固定搭配。本专题包含15道单句改错、10道语境改错及3篇短文改错篇章，话题覆盖科技创新、传统文化、生态文明等，全面强化名词与冠词的正确使用。
? 核心知识·名词与冠词高频错误类型
二轮策略： 名词重点关注可数与不可数、复数变化规则、所有格；冠词重点关注固定搭配（in the distance, as a result）、抽象名词具体化及零冠词用法。每日精读短文，标注所有名词和冠词，强化语感。
词汇练习题 · 单句名词/冠词改错（每题一处错误）
Instructins: 下列每句中有一处名词或冠词错误，请找出并改正。(每题1分，共15分)
1. The prfessr gave us many useful advices n hw t imprve ur writing skills.
2. It is knwn t all that hnesty is the mst imprtant quality f a persn.
3. There are three wman scientists in the research team.
4. The cmpany has made a great prgress in the field f renewable energy.
5. I need t buy a few furnitures fr my new apartment.
6. The childrens' excitement was beynd descriptin when they saw the snw.
7. He is such hnest by that everyne trusts him.
8. She went t United States t pursue her graduate studies.
9. The internet has changed the way we cmmunicate, making wrld a smaller place.
10. I’m ging t have a dinner with my family tnight.
11. The bk prvides a deep insight int Chinese culture and histry.
12. My father always takes active part in cmmunity activities.
13. What wnderful time we had at the party last night!
14. The team succeeded in develping new type f battery fr electric cars.
15. She dreamed f becming a astrnaut when she was a child.
词句题型 · 语境名词/冠词改错（每句一处错误）
Instructins: 下列句子中各有一处名词或冠词错误，请找出并改正。(每空1.5分，共15分)
1. The equipment in the labratry are all imprted frm Germany.
2. She gave me a very useful piece f infrmatins abut the schlarship.
3. There is an university in the city that specializes in technlgy.
4. The scenery f the cuntryside is far mre beautiful than city.
5. My cusin is studying law and hpes t becme a lawyer in future.
6. The teacher asked us t write a 2000-wrds essay n envirnmental prtectin.
7. Bth f his parents are wrking in the hspital as a nurse.
8. I felt a great sense f achievement when I cmpleted the prject by my wn.
9. The gvernment has taken measures t prtect wild animal frm extinctin.
10. She is an Eurpean student wh came t China t study traditinal medicine.
阅读题型 · 短文改错（三篇原创 · 名词/冠词专练）
要求： 每篇短文中共有10处错误（其中至少5处为名词或冠词错误），每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
Passage 1 · 智能手表守护老人健康
Last mnth, my grandfather received a smart watch as birthday gift frm my parents. This device can mnitr his heart rate and bld pressure in real time. It als has a fall detectin functin that autmatically sends alert t family member. My grandfather used t wrry abut his health, but nw he feel much safer. The watch even remind him t take medicine n time. I think this is a great example f hw technlgy can imprve quality f life fr elderly. Hwever, sme f his friends still prefer traditinal way f living. They say that they dn't need such mdern gadget. But I believe that as technlgy advances, mre senir citizen will benefit frm these innvatins.
Passage 2 · 敦煌壁画数字保护
Dunhuang is hme t ne f wrld's mst imprtant cultural heritage sites: the Mga Caves. The caves cntain thusands f murals and sculptures that date back t mre than thusand year. In recent years, a team f researchers have been wrking n digital preservatin prject. They use high-reslutin scanners t capture every detail f the art. These digital cpies allw peple frm all ver wrld t appreciate the beauty f Dunhuang withut damaging the riginal. The prject is a great success and has received widespread praise frm internatinal expert. It prves that technlgy can play a key rle in prtecting cultural heritage. I hpe mre such prject will be carried ut in future.
Passage 3 · 校园减塑行动
Our schl launched a plastic-reductin campaign last mnth. The aim is t encurage student t use reusable water bttle and bags. As result, the amunt f plastic waste in ur campus has decreased significant. The canteen nw uses paper straws instead f plastic nes. Many teacher have als jined the effrt by bringing their wn cups. I think this is a psitive step tward greener envirnment. Hwever, sme f my classmates still frget t bring their reusable bag. T slve this prblem, we set up a small statin near schl gate where students can brrw ec-friendly bags. The respnse frm students have been very encuraging. I believe that with everyne’s effrt, we can make a difference.
参考答案与核心解析
✅ 词汇练习题（15题）答案
1. advices → advice (不可数名词)
2. 无错 (hnesty抽象名词，不加冠词)
3. wman → wmen (可数名词复数形式)
4. 删除a (prgress不可数)
5. furnitures → furniture (不可数)
6. childrens' → children's (不规则复数所有格)
7. such hnest → such an hnest (hnest元音音素开头)
8. t United States → t the United States (国家全称加定冠词)
9. making wrld → making the wrld (独一无二事物前加the)
10. 删除a (have dinner 固定搭配，三餐前不加冠词)
11. 无错
12. takes active part → takes an active part (固定搭配)
13. What wnderful time → What a wnderful time (time 此处表示“一段时间”，可数)
14. new type f → a new type f (泛指一种新类型)
15. a astrnaut → an astrnaut (元音音素开头)
✅ 词句题型（10题）答案
1. are → is (equipment不可数，谓语用单数)
2. infrmatins → infrmatin (不可数)
3. an → a (university以辅音音素开头)
4. than city → than that f the city (比较对象一致，或加the city)
5. in future → in the future (in future 意为“今后”，in the future 意为“在未来”，此处用后者)
6. 2000-wrds → 2000-wrd (复合形容词中名词用单数)
7. a nurse → nurses (主语Bth复数，对应复数名词)
8. by my wn → n my wn (固定短语 n ne’s wn)
9. wild animal → wild animals (泛指复数)
10. an Eurpean → a Eurpean (Eurpean以辅音音素开头)
✅ 阅读题型（三篇短文改错）答案
Passage 1 答案：
1. as birthday gift → as a birthday gift (可数名词单数前加冠词)
2. alert → alerts (可数名词复数)
3. family member → family members (复数概念)
4. feel → feels (主语he三单)
5. remind → reminds (主语the watch三单)
6. quality f life → the quality f life (特指，加the)
7. fr elderly → fr the elderly (the+形容词表示一类人)
8. way f living → way f living (无错，若需调整，可改为ways)
9. such mdern gadget → such a mdern gadget (such + a/an + adj + n)
10. senir citizen → senir citizens (复数泛指)
Passage 2 答案：
1. ne f wrld's → ne f the wrld's (最高级前加the)
2. thusand year → a thusand years (泛指数量，加a，year用复数)
3. a team f researchers have → has (a team f 谓语用单数)
4. n digital preservatin prject → n a digital preservatin prject (泛指一个项目)
5. all ver wrld → all ver the wrld (固定搭配)
6. withut damaging the riginal → withut damaging the riginals (指原作的复数)
7. 无错
8. frm internatinal expert → frm internatinal experts (复数)
9. in prtecting cultural heritage → in prtecting cultural heritage (无错)
10. in future → in the future (加冠词)
Passage 3 答案：
1. student → students (泛指复数)
2. water bttle → water bttles (复数)
3. As result → As a result (固定短语)
4. significant → significantly (副词修饰动词)
5. Many teacher → Many teachers (复数)
6. greener envirnment → a greener envirnment (泛指一个更绿色的环境)
7. reusable bag → reusable bags (复数)
8. near schl gate → near the schl gate (特指校门)
9. frm students have → frm students has (主语respnse单数)
10. 无错考点类别
典型错误
正确形式
2026热考示例
名词单复数
many bk / a advice
bks / a piece f advice
不可数名词无复数，可数名词复数形式误用
名词所有格
childrens' bks
children's
不规则复数所有格
抽象名词具体化
a great success (成功的事)
a success
抽象名词前加a表示“一个……的人/事”
冠词遗漏
in mrning
in the mrning
固定搭配中冠词缺失
冠词误用
a university (√) / a hur (×)
an hur
不定冠词a/an混淆，或定冠词the与不定冠词混用
冠词冗余
the nature is beautiful
Nature is beautiful
抽象名词、学科名词前不用冠词