广东省深圳市龙华区高二上学期期末英语试题（解析版）-A4

这是一份广东省深圳市龙华区高二上学期期末英语试题（解析版）-A4，共26页。试卷主要包含了试卷共10页，卷面满分130分，考生必须保持答题卡的整洁等内容，欢迎下载使用。
说明：1.试卷共10页，卷面满分130分。考试用时120分钟。
2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上，并将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角"条形码粘贴处"。
3.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上将对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。答案不能答在试卷上。
4.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。
5.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，留存试卷，交回答题卡。
第一部分 基础知识
单项选择(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. Many yung peple are nw willing t sign _______ rgan dnatin agreement n the birthday f 18.
A. aB. anC. theD. 不填
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：现在很多年轻人都愿意在18岁生日时签署器官捐赠协议。agreement是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，rgan是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an。故选B。
2. When teachers _______ exercises n vcabulary t students, it is advisable t avid repetitive memrizatin.
A. assignB. returnC. linkD. prmte
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当老师给学生布置词汇练习时，最好避免重复记忆。A. assign布置，指派；B. return归还；C. link使联系在一起；D. prmte促进。根据后文“it is advisable t avid repetitive memrizatin (最好避免重复记忆)”可知，后面的建议是针对布置词汇练习的，assign“布置，指派”符合题意，短语assign sth. t sb.表示“指派某人做某事，给某人布置某事”。故选A。
3. Peple’s _______ fr Li Bai fully demnstrates the lng-lasting significance f the pet.
A. visinB. mtivatinC. cnceptD. enthusiasm
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们对李白的热情充分展示了这位诗人经久不衰的意义。A. visin视野；B. mtivatin动机；C. cncept概念；D. enthusiasm热情。结合句意，此处表示的是人们对李白的“热情”符合语境。故选D项。
4. With technlgy develping, it is essential t guarantee users’ data _______ and privacy.
A. analysisB. securityC. integrityD. cllectin
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着技术的发展，保障用户的数据安全和隐私至关重要。A. analysis分析；B. security安全；C. integrity正直；D. cllectin收藏品。由“With technlgy develping, it is essential t guarantee users’ data”可知，句子表示“随着技术的发展，保障用户的数据安全和隐私至关重要”，空格处意为“安全”。故选B。
5. I firmly believe that even a _______ smile can bridge gaps between peple frm different cuntries.
A. cmplicatedB. matureC. genuineD. distant
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我坚信，即使是真诚的微笑也能弥合不同国家人民之间的隔阂。A. cmplicated复杂的；B. mature成熟的；C. genuine真诚的；D. distant遥远的。由“smile can bridge gaps between peple frm different cuntries”可知，句子表示“即使是真诚的微笑也能弥合不同国家人民之间的隔阂”，空格处意为“真诚的”。故选C。
6. Timely feedback allws yu t _______ reflect n what yu have dne and make prgress.
A. randmlyB. ccasinallyC. instantlyD. rarely
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：及时的反馈可以让你立即反思你所做的事情并取得进步。A. randmly随机地；B. ccasinally偶尔；C. instantly立刻；D. rarely很少。由“Timely feedback”和“reflect n what yu have dne and make prgress”可知，句子表示“及时的反馈可以让你立即反思你所做的事情并取得进步”，空格处意为“立刻”。故选C。
7. Tina’s childhd memries _______ as she thumbed thrugh her family phtgraph album.
A. cracked a smileB. went wildC. did the trickD. came t life
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当Tina翻阅着家庭相册时，她的童年记忆仿佛活灵活现地重现了。A. cracked a smile展颜微笑；B. went wild发狂；C. did the trick获得成功；D. came t life活跃起来，复活。由“Tina’s childhd memries”和“as she thumbed thrugh her family phtgraph album”可知，句子表示“当Tina翻阅着家庭相册时，她的童年记忆仿佛活灵活现地重现了”，空格处意为“活跃起来，复活”。故选D。
8. _______ yur dubts and wrries and believe yurself at every cming difficulty.
A. Pnder verB. Lay asideC. Thrw light nD. Bring ut
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：放下你的疑虑和担忧，在每一次困难来临时相信自己。A. Pnder ver沉思，深思；B. Lay aside暂时搁置一边；C. Thrw light n使……显得清楚；D. Bring ut使（某种通常不易显露的行为或情感）显现，激发。根据“believe yurself at every cming difficulty (在每一次困难来临时相信自己)”可知，Lay aside“暂时搁置一边”符合题意，建议放下疑虑和担忧，引出后面的相信。故选B。
9. _______ quite a few prductins f Hamlet, such as plays and films, I knw mre abut Shakespeare.
A. Refer tB. T refer tC. Refers tD. Having referred t
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看过不少哈姆雷特的作品，如戏剧和电影，我更了解莎士比亚。句中谓语是knw，空格处用非谓语动词，I和refer t之间是主谓关系，refer t的动作先于knw发生，因此空格处用现在分词的完成式having referred t，作状语。故选D。
10. _______ prblems arise during the exam yu shuld stay calm and think clearly.
A. WhateverB. HweverC. WheverD. Wherever
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论考试过程中出现什么问题，你都应该保持冷静和清晰的思维。A. Whatever无论什么；B. Hwever无论怎样；C. Whever无论谁；D. Wherever无论哪里。本空引导让步状语从句，从句缺少定语，且此处应表达“无论什么问题”，所以用Whatever引导。故选A。
11. It was nt until I saw the dcumentary _______ I understd the imprtance f prtecting wild animals.
A. whenB. thatC. befreD. after
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句。句意：直到我看了这部纪录片，我才明白保护野生动物的重要性。根据句意和It was nt until可知，句子是“直到……才……”的强调句，结构是“It was nt ”，因此空格处是that。故选B。
12. Stay with thse peple wh can share yur values, with _______ yu can have fun, laugh, and enjy yurself.
A. thatB. whC. themD. whm
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：和那些能分享你价值观的人呆在一起，和他们在一起你可以开心、欢笑、享受自己。空格处是“介词+which/whm”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词peple是人，因此空格处用whm，故选D。
13. Since he retired, he _______ arund the garden fr hurs every afternn, tending t his flwers.
A. has been wanderingB. had wanderedC. has wanderedD. will be wandering
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：退休后，他每天下午都要在花园里闲逛几个小时，照顾他的花。由Since可知，句子时态用现在完成时，在花园里闲逛的动作可能会继续下去，因此时态用现在完成进行时，表示一个从过去持续到现在，还有可能继续下去的动作，主语he是单数，因此空格处是has been wandering。故选A。
14. They _______ the travel plan thrughly befre bking the tickets, making sure that every detail was carefully cnsidered.
A. discussB. were discussingC. have discussedD. had discussed
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：在订票之前，他们已经对旅行计划进行了充分的讨论，确保每个细节都考虑周全。由“befre bking the tickets”以及“making sure that every detail was carefully cnsidered”可知，discuss的动作发生在过去的过去，因此时态用过去完成时，故选D。
15. Listening t Talk Shws is a ppular pastime amng yung peple. After all, it really is true that _______ .
A. gld will shine wherever it isB. actins speak luder than wrds
C. laughter is the best medicineD. ne gd turn deserves anther
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查谚语。句意：听脱口秀是年轻人中一种很受欢迎的消遣方式。毕竟，笑是最好的药，这是真的。A. gld will shine wherever it is金子在哪里都会发光；B. actins speak luder than wrds事实胜于雄辩；C. laughter is the best medicine笑是最好的药；D. ne gd turn deserves anther善有善报。由“Listening t Talk Shws is a ppular pastime amng yung peple”可知，句子表示“听脱口秀是年轻人中一种很受欢迎的消遣方式。毕竟，笑是最好的药，这是真的”，空格处意为“笑是最好的药”。故选C。
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Vancuver Parks and Recreatin maintains fur cvered picnic shelters that can be reserved fr events taking place frm May 1 t September 30, including Marshall Cmmunity Park, Fisher Basin Cmmunity Park, Lery Haagen Memrial Park and Marine Cmmunity Park.
Reservatin guidelines:
●All picnic shelters are available n a first-cme, first-served basis at n charge, frm Octber 1 t April 30.
●The reservatin fee gives yu access fr the full day fr events taking place frm May 1 t September 30.
Pricing:
●Fisher Basin Park: Resident $92/Nn-Resident $122
●Marshall Park: Resident $92/Nn-Resident $122
●LeRy Haagen Park: Resident $94/Nn-Resident $118
●Marine Park: Resident $83/Nn-Resident $104
Shelter Reservatin Cancellatin Plicy
●If canceled ne mnth r mre befre the rental date, 100% f the fee will be refunded (退款).
●If canceled 1-4 weeks befre the rental date, 75% f the fee will be refunded.
●N refunds will be granted if the reservatin is canceled less than ne week prir t the rental date.
Frequently Asked Questins:
Q: Is there a way t find ut if an event is already scheduled at a park?
A: Yes. Cntact Marshall Cmmunity Center at 360-487-7100 t find ut abut events taking place in ur parks.
Q: What facilities are included with a picnic shelter reservatin?
A: Reservatins include use f all picnic tables lcated within the shelter (there is n electricity at Marine Park). Playgrund amenities and restrms will be shared with the public. Pp-up tents and ludspeakers are nt prvided.
Park Use Permits
Depending n the type f event yu’re hsting, yu need t get a Park Use Permit frm Vancuver Parks and Recreatin. It gives yu permissin t bring special items and equipment int the park.
16. What is the reservatin fee n May 5 fr residents?
A. $83 fr Marshall Park.B. $122 fr Fisher Basin Park.
C. $94 fr LeRy Haagen Park.D. $118 fr Marine Park.
17. What facilities are available in all the reservatins?
A. Picnic tables.B. Electricity supply.C. Pp-up tents.D. Ludspeakers.
18. What is the purpse f the passage?
A. T prmte utdr events in Vancuver parks.
B. T prvide infrmatin fr Vancuver shelter reservatins.
C. T describe the features f different parks in Vancuver.
D. T intrduce the histry f Vancuver Parks and Recreatin.
【答案】16. C 17. A 18. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是Vancuver Parks and Recreatin提供的四座带遮蔽的野餐凉亭的预订信息。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据Pricing:部分“●LeRy Haagen Park: Resident $94/Nn-Resident $118(LeRy Haagen Park：居民94美元/非居民118美元)”可知，5月5日LeRy Haagen Park的本地居民预订费是94美元。故选C。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据Frequently Asked Questins:部分“Reservatins include use f all picnic tables lcated within the shelter(there is n electricity at Marine Park).(预订包括使用凉亭处所有的野餐桌（海洋公园没有电）)”可知，预订的地方有野餐桌，故选A。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Vancuver Parks and Recreatin maintains fur cvered picnic shelters that can be reserved fr events taking place frm May 1 t September 30, including Marshall Cmmunity Park, Fisher Basin Cmmunity Park, Lery Haagen Memrial Park and Marine Cmmunity Park.(Vancuver Parks and Recreatin维护着四座带遮蔽的野餐凉亭，这些凉亭可供5月1日至9月30日期间举办的活动预订使用，包括Marshall Cmmunity Park, Fisher Basin Cmmunity Park, Lery Haagen Memrial Park和Marine Cmmunity Park)”可知，本文主要介绍的是Vancuver Parks and Recreatin提供的四座带遮蔽的野餐凉亭的预订信息，因此本文的目的是提供Vancuver带遮蔽的野餐凉亭的预订的相关信息。故选B。
B
Frank Capri is a well-knwn judge wh has gained ppularity fr his caring and understanding apprach in the curtrm. Brn n Nvember 23, 1936, Capri serves as the Chief Judge f the Prvidence Municipal Curt in Rhde Island, USA.
His trials have been turned int a televisin prgram called “Caught in Prvidence”, which airs n lcal Fx statins and presents his wrk.
Capri’s decisins ften reflect a mixture f legal strictness and human warmth. He is knwn fr his merciful judgments and his ability t cnnect with the peple befre him. Fr instance, in ne case, a 96-year-ld man was brught befre Capri fr speeding in a schl zne. The elderly man explained that he was driving his 63-year-ld sn, wh has cancer, t a bld test. After hearing the man’s stry, Capri respnded with sympathy, highlighting the man’s dedicatin t his family at an advanced age.
Judge Capri has been called “the warmest judge” by his admirers because f his way f handling justice. His trials prve that the law can be applied with understanding and mercy, which has made him a belved figure bth in the United States and arund the wrld.
Anther heartwarming example is that Capri nce canceled a duble fine fr a truck driver wh hadn’t gt a ntice fr a previus fine. After the case was dismissed, the driver shared that 20 years ag, as a lst teenager, Capri had asked him abut his future dreams during a trial, a questin that marked a turning pint in the driver’s life.
Capri’s stry is nt just abut his rle as a judge but als abut hw a single kind act can affect smene’s life. His way f wrking as a judge shws that justice can be dne with sympathy and that smetimes a kind wrd can change a persn’s path fr the better.
19. What makes Frank Capri ppular?
A. His appearances in a TV prgram.
B. His ability t slve cmplex legal cases.
C. His balance f mercy and justice in trials.
D. His strict legal decisins in the curtrm.
20. Which wrd can best describe Judge Capri in dealing with the speeding case?
A. Flexible.B. Stubbrn.C. Generus.D. Passinate.
21. What lasting impact did Judge Capri have n the truck driver?
A. He taught the driver the imprtance f beying traffic laws.
B. He inspired the driver t map ut his future life path.
C. He eased the driver’s financial burden by canceling the fine.
D. He encuraged the driver t take respnsibility fr his actins.
22. What is the best title fr the text?
A. The Life and Wrk f Frank Capri
B. The Challenges f Mdern Justice
C. The Rle f a Judge in the Curtrm
D. The Humanity f a Judge in the Curtrm
【答案】19. C 20. A 21. B 22. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Frank Capri是一位以同情和理解著称的法官，他在法庭上人性化的判决展现了法律与仁慈的结合，其善意的言行对许多人产生了深远的影响。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Frank Capri is a well-knwn judge wh has gained ppularity fr his caring and understanding apprach in the curtrm. (Frank Capri是一位著名的法官，他因在法庭上充满关怀和理解的态度而广受欢迎)”和第四段中“His trials prve that the law can be applied with understanding and mercy, which has made him a belved figure bth in the United States and arund the wrld. (他的审判证明，法律可以在理解和仁慈的基础上得到执行，这使他成为美国和世界各地备受爱戴的人物)”可知，他的受欢迎源于他在审判中平衡了仁慈与正义。故选C项。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“The elderly man explained that he was driving his 63-year-ld sn, wh has cancer, t a bld test. After hearing the man’s stry, Capri respnded with sympathy, highlighting the man’s dedicatin t his family at an advanced age. (这位老人解释说，他当时正开车载着他63岁、患有癌症的儿子去做血液检查。听完老人的讲述后，Capri表现出同情，并赞扬了老人在高龄时仍对家庭如此奉献的精神)”可知，Capri没有机械地执行法律，而是根据老人的特殊情况表现出理解和同情。这反映了他对案件的个性化考量，他是灵活的。故选A项。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“After the case was dismissed, the driver shared that 20 years ag, as a lst teenager, Capri had asked him abut his future dreams during a trial, a questin that marked a turning pint in the driver’s life. (案件被撤销后，这位司机分享道，20年前，当他还是一个迷茫的少年时，Capri在一次审判中询问了他关于未来梦想的问题，这个问题成为了他人生中的一个转折点)”可知，Capri的言行对司机产生了深远影响，激励他规划未来。故选B项。
【22题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Capri’s stry is nt just abut his rle as a judge but als abut hw a single kind act can affect smene’s life. His way f wrking as a judge shws that justice can be dne with sympathy and that smetimes a kind wrd can change a persn’s path fr the better. (Capri的故事不仅仅关于他作为法官的角色，还关于一个善意的举动如何影响一个人的一生。他作为法官的工作方式表明，正义可以在同情的基础上实现，有时一句温暖的话语就能改变一个人的命运，使其走向更好的方向)”可知，文章主要讲述了Capri在法庭上如何通过同情和理解来执行法律，展现了他在审判中的人性化一面。因此，D项“法庭上法官的人性”契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
C
What’s the ldest meal yu’ve eaten? Maybe yu’ve had leftvers frm a few days ag. They prbably still tasted gd. But what if it wasn’t a few days ag? What if yu ate a 60-day-ld stew? Or a 49-year-ld beef ndle sup?
Perpetual (永久的) stew is a dish that is never taken ff the heat; it’s never finished. As prtins are served, new ingredients are added t the pt t replace them. One day’s stew becmes the basis f the fllwing days’ meals. There have been sme famus examples. This year, Annie Rauwerda’s 60-day stew became a scial media sensatin. One Bangkk restaurant claims t have been cking its beef ndle sup since the 1970s. It has been suggested that perpetual stew was a traditin in Medieval Eurpe, when the effrt required t start a fire meant that they were left t burn all day, and a pt f stew was always biling slwly n tp f it. One New Yrk Times article tells us abut a stew in Nrmandy that was kept cking fr 300 years.
This traditin may date back t the Middle Ages, but thankfully, ur understanding f fd safety has develped since then. In a wrld where fd is ften thrwn away nce it reaches its use-by date, many peple have asked hw safe perpetual stew can actually be. Experts are divided. Sme maintain that as lng as the stew is kept bubbling away at a temperature t high fr bacteria t survive, it shuld be safe. Others suggest that meat can becme dangerus if it’s left in the stew fr t lng. Cncerns have als been raised that sme vegetables, such as ptates, r thse cntaining nitrates (硝酸盐), culd becme mre pisnus the mre they are reheated.
Advcates f slw cking believe that the best fd takes time, but even they may be surprised by a mnths- r years-ld perpetual stew.
23. What d we knw abut perpetual stew?
A. It is the basis f mdern meals.B. It is cntinuusly cked.
C. It is a ppular scial trend.D. It is served in prtins.
24. Why des the authr list examples f perpetual stew in paragraph 2?
A T exhibit its diverse frms.B. T intrduce its histry.
C. T shw its ppularity.D. T explain its wrking principles.
25. Which f the fllwing is a cncern abut perpetual stew accrding t the passage?
A. Lss f flavr.B. Lack f nutritin.
C. Htbed fr bacteria.D. Rises in pisnusness.
26. What is the authr’s attitude tward perpetual stew?
A. Favrable.B. Dubtful.C. Objective.D. Critical.
【答案】23. B 24. A 25. D 26. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“永久炖菜”，即一种持续加热、不断添加新食材烹饪方式，并列举了其历史、各种形式以及关于其安全性的争议。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Perpetual (永久的) stew is a dish that is never taken ff the heat; it’s never finished. As prtins are served, new ingredients are added t the pt t replace them. One day’s stew becmes the basis f the fllwing days’ meals. (永久炖菜是一种从未停止加热、也从未完成的菜肴。随着部分被食用，新的食材会被加入锅中以替换被吃掉的部分。一天的炖菜会成为接下来几天餐食的基础)”可知，永久炖菜的特点是持续烹饪。故选B项。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“This year, Annie Rauwerda’s 60-day stew became a scial media sensatin. One Bangkk restaurant claims t have been cking its beef ndle sup since the 1970s. It has been suggested that perpetual stew was a traditin in Medieval Eurpe, when the effrt required t start a fire meant that they were left t burn all day, and a pt f stew was always biling slwly n tp f it. One New Yrk Times article tells us abut a stew in Nrmandy that was kept cking fr 300 years. (今年，Annie Rauwerda的60天炖菜在社交媒体上引起了轰动。曼谷一家餐厅声称，他们的牛肉面汤从20世纪70年代就开始持续烹饪。有人认为，永久炖菜是中世纪欧洲的传统，当时生火需要耗费大量精力，因此火会整天燃烧，而一锅炖菜则始终在其上缓慢沸腾。《纽约时报》的一篇文章提到，诺曼底有一锅炖菜持续烹饪了300年)”可知，这里列举了各地的永久炖菜，包括Annie Rauwerda的60天炖菜、曼谷一家餐厅的牛肉面汤以及诺曼底持续烹饪300年的炖菜。这些例子展示了永久炖菜丰富多样的形式。故选A项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Cncerns have als been raised that sme vegetables, such as ptates, r thse cntaining nitrates (硝酸盐), culd becme mre pisnus the mre they are reheated. (人们还担心，一些蔬菜，如土豆或含有硝酸盐的蔬菜，加热得越久，毒性就越大)”可知，对永久炖菜的一个担忧是毒性增加。故选D项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者在文章中既提到了永久炖菜的历史和各种形式，也讨论了其安全性问题，并未表现出明显的偏好或倾向，而是以客观的（Objective）态度呈现信息。故选C项。
D
Are wrms the heres we didn’t knw we needed? Silent, slimy and wriggling (扭动), yu might think that wrms are gd fr nthing except bait (鱼饵) n the end f a fishing rd. Hwever, there is mre t the humble wrm than meets the eye.
The British naturalist Charles Darwin said that n ther animal has “played such an imprtant part in the histry f the wrld as these lwly rganized creatures”. They have lived n Earth fr 600 millin years and have even survived five mass extinctins. S, what makes wrms s great?
Earthwrms mve the earth, and this is why farmers lve them. As they travel, they expse the sil t the fresh air by lsening, mixing and xygenating it, which increases the grund’s ability t hld and drain water. They are effectively a small but very efficient farming tl. But it’s nt just earthwrms that deserve praise.
In 2022, a grup f scientists at the Margarita Salas Center fr Bilgical Research islated enzymes (酶) fund in waxwrm saliva (唾液). These are plastic-eating enzymes, which can decmpse plyethylene, a very cmmn plastic that nrmally degrades ver many years. It’s hped that by prducing these enzymes n an industry-level scale, we will have a mre envirnmentally friendly way t reduce plastic pllutin.
And wrms are even inspiring the building industry. Bldwrms are small sea creatures that dig int the mud f the cean flr. Scientists at the University f Califrnia, Santa Barbara, have been studying their jaws, which are made up f 10% cpper prteins and are s strng that they last the wrm’s entire five-year lifespan. Because f this research, engineers may start using the jaws as inspiratin fr the design and manufacture f materials like cncrete.
S, next time yu see a wrm, shw it a little respect. They really are changing the wrld!
27. Why des the authr raise a questin at the beginning?
A. T cmpare wrms with ther animals.
B. T discuss the limited use f wrms.
C. T emphasize the cmplexity f wrms.
D. T challenge the prejudice against wrms.
28. What des the underlined wrd “degrades” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Breaks dwn.B. Falls behind.C. Runs ut.D. Cleans ff.
29. Hw d bldwrms influence the building industry?
A. They prvide a new building material.
B. They are used in cnstructin equipment.
C. Their jaws ffer ideas fr building design.
D. Their jaws are made frm cpper material.
30. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. The bilgical evlutin f wrm.
B. The envirnmental impact f wrms.
C. The varius scientific uses f wrms.
D. The underestimated imprtance f wrms.
【答案】27. D 28. A 29. C 30. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍蠕虫在土壤改良、塑料分解和建筑材料设计等方面的作用，揭示了它们被低估的重要性，并呼吁人们重新认识这些“默默无闻的英雄”。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Are wrms the heres we didn’t knw we needed? Silent, slimy and wriggling (扭动), yu might think that wrms are gd fr nthing except bait (鱼饵) n the end f a fishing rd. Hwever, there is mre t the humble wrm than meets the eye. (蠕虫是我们未曾意识到的英雄吗？它们安静、黏滑且扭动，你可能会认为蠕虫除了作为鱼竿上的鱼饵外毫无用处。然而，这种不起眼的蠕虫远比表面看起来更有价值)”可知，文章开头通过提问引发读者思考，随后指出人们对蠕虫的普遍偏见，并进一步揭示蠕虫的重要作用，旨在挑战这种偏见。故选D项。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“It’s hped that by prducing these enzymes n an industry-level scale, we will have a mre envirnmentally friendly way t reduce plastic pllutin. (希望通过大规模生产这些酶，我们能够找到一种更环保的方式来减少塑料污染)”可知，生产这些酶有望减少塑料污染，由此推知，前一句介绍的是这些酶对分解塑料的作用，而这种塑料通常会在多年后才会降解，画线词意为“降解，分解”，与Breaks dwn“分解”意思一致。故选A项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“Scientists at the University f Califrnia, Santa Barbara, have been studying their jaws, which are made up f 10% cpper prteins and are s strng that they last the wrm’s entire five-year lifespan. Because f this research, engineers may start using the jaws as inspiratin fr the design and manufacture f materials like cncrete. (加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的科学家一直在研究它们的下颚，这些下颚由10%的铜蛋白组成，非常坚固，能够支撑蠕虫整个五年的生命周期。基于这项研究，工程师们可能会以下颚为灵感，设计和制造类似混凝土的材料)”可知，血蠕虫的下颚为建筑行业提供了设计灵感。故选C项。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Hwever, there is mre t the humble wrm than meets the eye. (然而，这种不起眼的蠕虫远比表面看起来更有价值)”和最后一段中“They really are changing the wrld! (它们真的在改变世界)”可知，文章通过介绍蠕虫在土壤改良、塑料分解和建筑材料设计等方面的作用，强调了它们被低估的重要性。故选D项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The 20-Minute Rule t Accmplish Any Task
D yu ften struggle t begin tasks n schedule and find excuses t delay the start time? D yu chse t d smething else instead f fcusing n tasks that need immediate attentin? ____31____ The basic idea is that if yu have a task yu dn’t want t d, tell yurself yu nly need t d it fr 20 minutes.
The 20-minute rule is very simple. Next time yu dread ding smething, set a timer fr 20 minutes, and start wrking n whatever yu’ve been putting ff. When the timer ges ff, reset it and take a 20-minute break t fcus n a different task r d smething else yu’re mre interested in. ____32____ After a few cycles f this, yu’ll find yu’ve built up strength and can keep wrking n the task yu previusly dreaded.
The 20-minute rule is designed t help yu start develping new emtins in cnnectin with a task. The thing is, the 20-minute rule is nt actually meant t get the jb dne at all. ____33____
Often, nce yu set ut, it becmes easier t cntinue, and yu may find yurself willing t wrk beynd the initial 20 minutes. If yu used the 20-minute rule t start studying fr yur test, after a few rtatins (轮换) f the timer yu wuld discver the task isn’t as painful as yu thught. Yu may even start t enjy it! ____34____ Try the 15-minute rule, the 10-minute rule, r the 5-minute rule. I’ve even used the 30-secnd rule. That’s right, 30 secnds.
Start small. Prve t yurself that yu will nt experience a high level f discmfrt frm ding the task yu set ut t d. Begin t rewrite the emtins yu anticipate in relatin t a certain task.
The reasns behind delay are primarily fear and the anticipatin f pain. ____35____ Just set a timer, and get started.
A. It’s meant t help yu get started.
B. But if the twenty-minute rule fails fr yu?
C. Whatever yu fear, yu dn’t have t d it all at nce.
D. Face yur fears bravely and tackle the entire task in ne g.
E. Cnsider the “20-minute rule” t mtivate yurself t start.
F. Reset the timer when it ges ff and return t yur riginal task.
G. If the timer ges ff and yu’re still uninterested, switch tasks permanently.
【答案】31. E 32. F 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是通过采用20分钟规则来克服拖延症，有效启动并完成任务的策略与方法。
【31题详解】
根据上文的“D yu ften struggle t begin tasks n schedule and find excuses t delay the start time? D yu chse t d smething else instead f fcusing n tasks that need immediate attentin?(你是否经常难以按时开始任务，并找借口推迟开始时间？你是否会转而选择做其他事情，而不是专注于那些需要立即处理的任务？)”可知，本文使用两个问题引出要介绍的话题，结合下文的“The basic idea is that if yu have a task yu dn’t want t d, tell yurself yu nly need t d it fr 20 minutes.(基本的想法是，如果你有一个不想做的任务，告诉自己你只需要做20分钟。)”可知，下文是对此空内容的进一步解释，所以，此空讲述的内容应是引出下文阐述的内容，E选项“Cnsider the “20-minute rule” t mtivate yurself t start.(考虑使用“20分钟规则”来激励自己开始任务。)”中的“20-minute rule”与空后的“The basic idea”内容一致。故选E项。
【32题详解】
根据上文的“The 20-minute rule is very simple.(“20分钟规则”很简单。)”可知，下文讲述的是“20分钟规则”的操作方法，结合空前的“When the timer ges ff, reset it and take a 20-minute break t fcus n a different task r d smething else yu’re mre interested in.(当定时器响起时，重置它并休息20分钟，转而专注于另一个任务或者去做你更感兴趣的事情。)”以及下文的“After a few cycles f this, yu’ll find yu’ve built up strength and can keep wrking n the task yu previusly dreaded.(经过几个这样的循环后，你会发现自己的力量增强了，能够继续处理之前害怕的任务。)”可知，此空应是循环步骤中的最后一个环节，F选项“Reset the timer when it ges ff and return t yur riginal task.(当定时器响起时，重置它并返回到你的原始任务。)”讲述的内容为“20分钟规则”的操作过程中的最后一个环节，且下文的内容与此空内容衔接，符合语境。故选F项。
【33题详解】
根据空格位于段尾可知，此处是对上文内容的进一步阐述，结合上文的“The 20-minute rule is designed t help yu start develping new emtins in cnnectin with a task. The thing is, the 20-minute rule is nt actually meant t get the jb dne at all.(“20分钟规”旨在帮助你开始培养与任务相关的新情绪。实际上，这个规则的目的并不是真的要完成工作。)”可知，这项规则不是帮助完成工作，由此可推断，此空进一步讲述这项规则的真正目的是什么，A选项“It’s meant t help yu get started.(它的目的是帮助你开始。)”可知，“20分钟规”则的主要目的是帮助你开始工作，而非完成整个任务，符合语境。故选A项。
【34题详解】
根据上文的“If yu used the 20-minute rule t start studying fr yur test, after a few rtatins (轮换) f the timer yu wuld discver the task isn’t as painful as yu thught. Yu may even start t enjy it!(如果你使用20分钟规则开始为考试复习，经过几次定时器的轮换后，你会发现这个任务并不像你想象的那么痛苦。你甚至可能开始享受它！)”可知，“20分钟规”起作用后，你会发现这个任务并不像你想象的那么痛苦，甚至会享受它，结合下文的“Try the 15-minute rule, the 10-minute rule, r the 5-minute rule. I’ve even used the 30-secnd rule. That’s right, 30 secnds.(尝试15分钟规则、10分钟规则或5分钟规则。我甚至使用过30秒规则。没错，就是30秒。)”可知，此处作者建议尝试其它的时间规则，由此可推断，此空应与空前内容为转折关系，从而引出下文，B选项“But if the twenty-minute rule fails fr yu?(但是如果“20分钟规”对你不起作用呢？)”与空前的内容为转折关系，且引出下文的其它时间规则，符合语境。故选B项。
【35题详解】
根据上文的“The reasns behind delay are primarily fear and the anticipatin f pain.(拖延背后的原因主要是恐惧和对痛苦的预期。)”以及下文的“Just set a timer, and get started.(只需设置一个定时器，然后开始行动。)”可知，克服拖延的原因主要是恐惧和对痛苦的预期，并建议设定一个定时器然后开始工作，C选项“Whatever yu fear, yu dn’t have t d it all at nce.(无论你害怕什么，你都不必一次性完成所有。)”中的fear与上文的fear为词汇重现，且进一步对上文内容进行解释，从而引出下文的建议，符合语境。故选C项。
第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分40分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Lucas had a childhd unlike that f mst peple. He spent his childhd in an rphanage (孤儿院). Because f his natural disability, he remained ____36____ n the rphanage’s adptin list until a dramatic turn f fate in 2011. The American cuple, the Jundts, had been ____37____ grieving ver the lss f their sn Jacb t cancer in 2004. After years f emtinal ____38____ they decided t give anther child a ____39____ filled with lve and hpe. They ____40____ t adpt a disabled by, and then met 7-year-ld Lucas in the rphanage.
Upn first meeting, Lucas was bth nervus and afraid f the strangers wh were suddenly presented as his ____41____ “parents”. He didn’t knw hw t face these unexpected “parents” r what life with them wuld be like. Hwever, with the cmfrt and encuragement f the rphanage staff, Lucas ultimately decided t ____42____ this pprtunity t change his destiny and return with the Jundt cuple.
Hwever, Lucas’s stry didn’t ____43____ there. He always missed his friends in the rphanage, especially Jsh and Emma. These tw children, like Lucas, were als ____44____ children. The Jundt cuple nticed Lucas’s _____45_____ his friends and made an astnishing decisin — t adpt Jsh and Emma as well, making them _____46_____ f their family. Thus, the three children grew up tgether in the same family, facing challenges tgether.
They nt nly actively participated in varius sprts, but als _____47_____ prfessinal sprts training. Lucas, Jsh, and Emma achieved _____48_____ results in sprts cmpetitins and became rising stars in the field f disabled sprts. They _____49_____ in multiple events such as swimming, weightlifting, and wheelchair races, winning numerus gld and silver medals. Nw, Lucas, Jsh, and Emma embrace bigger dreams, hping t _____50_____ their abilities n the internatinal stage. They are training hard t stand n the pdium at the Paralympics.
36. A. untrueB. unnticedC. unnecessaryD. uncvered
37. A. deeplyB. eventuallyC. graduallyD. casually
38. A. cnnectinB. supprtC. cnflictD. struggle
39. A. hspitalB. charityC. hmeD. schl
40. A. intendedB. pretendedC. prmisedD. managed
41. A. respnsibleB. tempraryC. bilgicalD. ptential
42. A. missB. giveC. seizeD. create
43. A. stpB. startC. cntinueD. spread
44. A. injuredB. spiledC. disabledD. talented
45. A. lnging frB. waiting frC. thinking abutD. wrrying abut
46. A. relativesB. friendsC. guestsD. members
47. A. cnductedB. receivedC. sughtD. ffered
48. A. financialB. experimentalC. incredibleD. immediate
49. A. failedB. believedC. investedD. excelled
50. A. cmpareB. shwcaseC. measureD. restre
【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. A 41. D 42. C 43. A 44. C 45. A 46. D 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Lucas及其孤儿院的朋友Jsh和Emma被美国夫妇Jundts收养，并在体育领域取得显著成就的故事。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于天生的残疾，他在孤儿院的收养名单上一直没有被注意到，直到2011年命运发生了戏剧性的转变。A. untrue不真实的；B. unnticed被忽视的；C. unnecessary不需要的；D. uncvered裸露的。根据上文“Because f his natural disability”可知，因为他有残疾，所以在收养名单上没人注意到他。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：2004年，这对美国夫妇因患癌症失去了儿子Jacb而深感悲痛。A. deeply深深地；B. eventually最终；C. gradually逐渐；D. casually随意地。根据下文“grieving ver the lss f their sn Jacb t cancer”可知，这对美国夫妇失去了儿子，肯定是深深地感到悲痛。故选A。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的情感斗争，他们决定给另一个孩子一个充满爱和希望的家。A. cnnectin联系；B. supprt支持；C. cnflict矛盾；D. struggle斗争。根据上文“grieving ver”可知，这对夫妇因为失去儿子而悲痛，在经过情感斗争后他们才决定给另一个孩子一个家。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的情感斗争，他们决定给另一个孩子一个充满爱和希望的家。A. hspital医院；B. charity慈善；C. hme家；D. schl学校。根据下文“adpt a disabled by”可知，他们后来收养了一个孩子，所以是给了这个孩子一个家。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们打算收养一个残疾男孩，然后在孤儿院遇到了7岁的卢卡斯。A. intended打算；B. pretended假装；C. prmised答应；D. managed管理。根据下文“t adpt a disabled by, and then met 7-year-ld Lucas in the rphanage”可知，他们打算收养一个男孩。故选A。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第一次见面时，卢卡斯既紧张又害怕这些陌生人，因为他们突然成为了他可能的“父母”。A. respnsible负责任的；B. temprary暂时的；C. bilgical生物的；D. ptential可能的。根据上文“adpt a disabled by”可知，这对夫妇打算收养Lucas，所以在第一次见面时，这对夫妇可能会成为他的父母。故选D。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在孤儿院工作人员的安慰和鼓励下，卢卡斯最终决定抓住这个改变命运的机会，和Jundt夫妇一起回来。A. miss错过；B. give给；C. seize抓住；D. create创造。根据下文“return with the Jundt cuple”可知，卢卡斯最终是决定抓住这个机会，所以才和这对夫妇回家了。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，卢卡斯的故事并没有就此结束。A. stp停止；B. start开始；C. cntinue继续；D. spread蔓延。根据下文“adpt Jsh and Emma as well”可知，这对夫妇后来又收养了两个孩子，所以卢卡斯的故事并没有就此结束，空格处用“停止”。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这两个孩子和卢卡斯一样，也是残疾儿童。A. injured受伤的；B. spiled惯坏的，宠坏的；C. disabled残疾的；D. talented有才能的。根据上文“like Lucas”和第一段“Because f his natural disability”可知，这两个孩子也是残疾儿童。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Jundt夫妇注意到卢卡斯对朋友的渴望，于是做出了一个惊人的决定——收养Jsh和Emma，让它们成为他们的家庭成员。A. lnging fr渴望；B. waiting fr等待；C. thinking abut思考；D. wrrying abut担心。根据上文“missed his friends in the rphanage, especially Jsh and Emma”可知，卢卡斯想念朋友，渴望有朋友。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Jundt夫妇注意到卢卡斯对朋友的渴望，于是做出了一个惊人的决定——收养Jsh和Emma，让它们成为他们的家庭成员。A. relatives亲戚；B. friends朋友；C. guests客人；D. members成员。根据上文“adpt Jsh and Emma”可知，这对夫妇决定也收养Jsh和Emma，那么他们就成为了家庭成员。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们不仅积极参加各种体育运动，而且还接受了专业的体育训练。A. cnducted进行；B. received收到；C. sught寻找；D. ffered提供。根据下文“prfessinal sprts training”可知，他们接受了专业的体育训练。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lucas，Jsh和Emma在体育比赛中取得了令人难以置信的成绩，成为残疾人运动领域的新星。A. financial金融的；B. experimental实验性的；C. incredible令人难以置信的；D. immediate立刻的。根据下文“became rising stars in the field f disabled sprts”可知，他们在体育比赛中取得了令人难以置信的成绩，所以才成为了残疾人运动领域的新星。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在游泳、举重和轮椅比赛等多个项目上都表现出色，赢得了许多金牌和银牌。A. failed失败；B. believed相信；C. invested投资；D. excelled精通，擅长。根据下文“winning numerus gld and silver medals”可知，他们精通多个项目，所以才赢得了金牌和银牌。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，卢卡斯、Jsh和Emma怀抱着更大的梦想，希望在国际舞台上展示他们的能力。A. cmpare比较；B. shwcase展示；C. measure测量；D. restre修复。根据下文“their abilities n the internatinal stage”可知，他们希望展示自己的能力。故选B。
第二节 补全语篇(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
请在方框中选择合适的选项，填入短文的空格中，使短文完整连贯。
注意：(1)每个选项只能使用一次；
(2)方框中有一个多余选项。
选词填空
Celebrities (名人) ften catch ur attentin with their ____51____ talents and great success. One f these individuals wh ____52____ thers with their endurance and persistence is Denzel Washingtn. He nce said, “I am nt a failure because I failed. I am a failure because I gave up.” This ____53____ demnstrates his spirit and is a clear example f hw celebrities can influence ur attitudes twards challenges.
In cntrast t thse wh might ____54____ hardships, Washingtn has always been vercming difficulties. Every rle he takes n and every film he directs is a new pprtunity t win ver audiences again. He is ____55____ that ne can have a prfund impact n sciety thrugh hard wrk and ____56____.
Mrever, celebrities like Washingtn are nt just entertainers; they are als rle mdels. They have the pwer t ____57____ ur scial media scenes with a single pst, starting cnversatins and shaping pinins. Their influence extends beynd the screen as they ften use their platfrm t advcate fr scial issues they care abut.
T be rle mdels, ____58____ is nt just abut prfessinal success. It’s abut hw they handle ____59____ and defeat in their persnal lives. Celebrities can nt nly gracefully handle the _____60_____ pressure frm their wrk, but they als shw us that it’s pssible t maintain integrity and kindness, even when the wrld is watching.
【答案】51. E 52. B
53. G 54. A
55. F 56. K
57. J 58. D
59. I 60. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是Denzel Washingtn等名人如何通过他们的才华、成功、毅力、以及在社会中的角色模型作用来影响我们对挑战的态度和人生观念。
【51题详解】
考查形容词。句意：名人经常以他们非凡的才能和巨大的成功吸引我们的注意。由“Celebrities”和“talents and great success”可知，句子表示“名人经常以他们非凡的才能和巨大的成功吸引我们的注意”，空格处意为“非凡的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词talents，是remarkable，故选E。
【52题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：Denzel Washingtn就是其中一个以耐力和毅力激励他人的人。由“thers with their endurance and persistence”可知，句子表示“Denzel Washingtn就是其中一个以耐力和毅力激励他人的人”，空格处意为“激励”，是inspire，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语wh指代的先行词individuals是复数，因此inspire用原形，故选B。
【53题详解】
考查名词。句意：这句话体现了他的精神，是名人如何影响我们对挑战的态度的一个清楚的例子。由前面“I am nt a failure because I failed. I am a failure because I gave up”可知，句子表示“这句话体现了他的精神”，空格处意为“引语”，是qute，由This可知，空格处用单数，故选G。
54题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：与那些可能屈服于困难的人不同，华盛顿一直在克服困难。由“In cntrast t”和“Washingtn has always been vercming difficulties”可知，句子表示“与那些可能屈服于困难的人不同，华盛顿一直在克服困难”，空格处意为“屈服于”，是give way t，might是情态动词，其后跟动词原形，故选A。
【55题详解】
考查名词性短语。句意：他是一个活生生的例子，证明一个人可以通过努力工作和坚持不懈对社会产生深远的影响。由前面“Every rle he takes n and every film he directs is a new pprtunity t win ver audiences again”可知，句子表示“他是一个活生生的例子，证明一个人可以通过努力工作和坚持不懈对社会产生深远的影响”，空格处意为“一个活生生的例子”，是a living prf，故选F。
【56题详解】
考查名词。句意：他是一个活生生的例子，证明一个人可以通过努力工作和坚持不懈对社会产生深远的影响。由前面的“Washingtn has always been vercming difficulties”可知，句子表示“他是一个活生生的例子，证明一个人可以通过努力工作和坚持不懈对社会产生深远的影响”，空格处意为“坚持不懈”，是perseverance，是不可数名词，故选K。
【57题详解】
考查固定短语和不定式。句意：他们有能力通过一条帖子突然出现在我们的社交媒体场景中，引发对话并塑造观点。由“ur scial media scenes with a single pst”可知，句子表示“他们有能力通过一条帖子突然出现在我们的社交媒体场景中，引发对话并塑造观点”，空格处意为“突然出现”，是burst nt，have the pwer t d sth.是固定短语，意为“有能力做某事”，因此burst用原形，故选J。
【58题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：总之，成为榜样不仅仅是为了职业上的成功。由“T be rle mdels”和“is nt just abut prfessinal success”可知，句子表示“总之，成为榜样不仅仅是为了职业上的成功”，空格处意为“总之”，是固定短语in cnclusin，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故选D。
【59题详解】
考查名词。句意：这是关于他们如何处理个人生活中的拒绝和失败。由前面的“nt just abut prfessinal success”和后面的“and defeat in their persnal lives”可知，句子表示“这是关于他们如何处理个人生活中的拒绝和失败”，空格处意为“拒绝”，用名词作宾语，是rejectin，是不可数名词，故选I。
【60题详解】
考查形容词。句意：名人不仅能够优雅地应对来自工作的巨大压力，而且他们还向我们展示了即使在全世界的注视下，也可以保持正直和善良。由“pressure frm their wrk”可知，句子表示“名人不仅能够优雅地应对来自工作的巨大压力，而且他们还向我们展示了即使在全世界的注视下，也可以保持正直和善良”，空格处意为“巨大的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词pressure，是intense，故选C。
第三节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Space explratin has always been an extrardinary pursuit fr cuntries arund the wrld, and China is n exceptin. China’s space ambitins can be traced back t 1957 ____61____ the Sviet Unin launched the wrld’s first satellite, Sputnik. Ma Zedng decided that China shuld als launch ____62____ (it) wn satellite with the assistance f Sviet technlgy and tp scientists such as Qian Xuesen. Thus, the cuntry started the first space prgram.
China’s first satellite Dngfanghng-1 ____63____ (launch) in 1970, using the lng march rcket mdified frm the Dngfang ballistic missile. In 1992, China began prject 921, ____64____ manned space prgram. Using Russian aerspace technlgy ____65____ (purchase) during this perid, the cuntry space prgram made a significant ____66____ (imprve). A breakthrugh came in 2003. The Shenzhu-5 spacecraft carried China’s first astrnaut, Yang Liwei, int space. China became the third cuntry ____67____ (have) independent human space flight capabilities.
One majr reasn fr China’s success in space is the huge gvernment investment. Beijing’s spending ____68____ research and develpment fr spacecraft manufacturing skyrcketed frm US$22.6 millin in year 2000 t US$433.4 millin in 2014. Still, the Chinese space prgram has quite a lt f catching up t d. Hwever, there is ne thing fr sure: China is a ____69____ (lead) frce t be reckned with in the current space race. It has _____70_____ (clear) defined plans fr manned lunar missin, space prbes fr planets like Jupiter, and has built simulatin grunds.
【答案】61. when
62. its 63. was launched
64. a 65. purchased
66. imprvement
67. t have
68. n 69. leading
70. clearly
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是中国航天事业的发展历程和重要成就，展示了其在国际航天领域的地位与未来规划。
【61题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：中国的航天雄心可以追溯到1957年，当时苏联发射了世界上第一颗卫星——斯普特尼克。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，先行词1957指的是时间，所以此处使用关系副词when。故填when。
【62题详解】
考查代词。句意：毛泽东决定中国也应该在苏联技术和顶尖科学家如钱学森的帮助下发射自己的卫星。空后为名词，所以此处为表示“它的”的形容词性物主代词。故填its。
【63题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：中国的第一颗卫星东方红一号于1970年发射，使用的是由东风弹道导弹改装的长征火箭。此处为谓语动词，根据句意以及时间状语in 1970可知，此处使用一般过去时，launch意为“发射”与主语China’s first satellite Dngfanghng-1之间为被动关系，所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数。故填was launched。
【64题详解】
考查冠词。句意：1992年，中国开始了项目921，这是一个载人航天计划。prgram意为“项目，计划”为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以此处使用冠词，结合句意，此处为泛指“一个载人航天计划”，且manned的首个音素为辅音，所以此处使用不定冠词a。故填a。
【65题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：利用这一时期购买的俄罗斯航天技术，国家航天计划取得了显著的进步。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰technlgy，purchase意为“购买”与所修饰词之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填purchased。
【66题详解】
考查名词。句意：同上。此处为名词作宾语，imprve的名词为imprvement意为“改进，改善”符合句意，且空前有不定冠词a，所以此处使用单数形式。故填imprvement。
67题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：神舟五号飞船将中国首位宇航员杨利伟送入太空，使中国成为第三个拥有独立载人航天能力的国家。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词cuntry，当被修饰语前有序数词时，应使用动词不定式形式作定语。故填t have。
【68题详解】
考查介词。句意：北京在航天器制造研发上的支出从2000年的2260万美元飙升至2014年的4.334亿美元。此处为固定搭配spending… n...，表示在某方面的花费。故填n。
【69题详解】
考查形容词。句意：然而，有一件事是确定的：中国是当前太空竞赛中一股不可忽视的领导力量。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词frce，lead的形容词为leading意为“领先的，最前的”符合句意。故填leading。
【70题详解】
考查副词。句意：它清晰地定义了载人登月任务、木星等行星的空间探测计划，并建立了模拟基地。此处为副词形式修饰动词defined，clear的副词为clearly意为“清晰地”符合句意。故填clearly。
第四部分 写作(满分25分)
71. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A year ag, Mary Smith bught a cmputer fr the whle family, never thinking that it wuld lead t her sixteen-year-ld sn Tm becming addicted t playing games.
Tm was playing cmputer games fr increasing amunts f time, and gradually, he hardly left his seat. Mary tried t limit his game time, but this nly seemed t fuel his addictin further and cause mre arguments. Amng his games, there was ne he especially liked: Minecraft. In it, he wuld design his wn virtual wrld as he wanted it t be.
Althugh desperate, Mary never gave up n finding a way t help the by struggling with this gaming addictin. She decided t take Tm t visit his grandfather, wh wned a big farm. Every day, his grandfather walked thrugh rws f crps, examining the plants fr pests r disease. He fund great satisfactin in caring fr the land and animals. Fr him, the farm was nt just a place f wrk but a way f life. Tm was unwilling t leave his game, but he knew it was nt a gd idea t g against his mther this time.
When they arrived at the airprt in the late afternn, Grandfather drve them t his farm. They were all packed in the car, with adults chatting and laughing, but Tm felt lnely. Lking ut f the windw, he was attracted by the amazing scenery. The water was blue and sunlight glittered n its clear surface and the grassland flwed like a sea f green. He culdn’t help thinking f the wrld he wuld have designed in his cmputer game.
After settling dwn, Tm shut himself in his rm. Except fr dinner, he refused t cme ut f his rm and remained there all day. Smetimes, he std by the windw, staring at the peaceful garden his grandfather had made.
One night, drps f water frm the ceiling dripped nt his face, making him wake up. Shcked at what he saw, he realized a big rainstrm had just ended. He std with his nse pressed against the glass, watching his family struggling t clear the mess in the dim light.
注意：
1. 词数150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Thinking f the effrts his grandfather had made, Tm knew what he must d immediately.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
He was appreciating the renewed garden when his mm came ver.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考1：
Thinking f the effrts his grandfather had made, Tm knew what he must d immediately. He flung pen the dr and rushed utside withut a secnd thught. Picking up a brm, he began t sweep away the fallen leaves and the brken branches, his eyes fixed n the grund. His face was full f determinatin and sweat started t stream dwn his cheeks despite the cldness in the dark. His family lked at him in surprise and then smiled with relief. Tm wrked hard, feeling a sense f purpse he hadn’t experienced in a lng time. As they cntinued wrking bit by bit, the garden started t take n a new lk.
He was appreciating the renewed garden when his Mm came ver. She gently put her hand n his shulder and said, “I’m s prud f yu, Tm.” Tm lwered his head slightly, his cheeks flushing with shame. “Mm, I’m really srry fr always being s bsessed with games. I didn’t realize hw much I was missing ut n until nw.” His mm’s eyes sftened, and she pulled him int a warm hug. “It’s kay, hney. I’m just glad yu’re here with us nw.” Tm smiled, realizing that the real wrld held jys far greater than any virtual ne in games. Frm then n, he spent mre time with family and less time glued t the cmputer screen.
参考2：
Thinking f the effrts his grandfather had made, Tm knew what he must d immediately. Swiftly, he pened the bedrm dr, rushed thrugh the living rm and hurried t the garden. “Grandfather, Mm, what can I d? Let me d smething t help!” S surprised and pleased was Mm that she std still, her eyes pened wide but a smile appearing n her face. Sn, Tm was asked t tidy the garden with a brm while grandpa was busy mending the rf. Fr the whle day, they hammered, sewed and mended, chatting cheerfully. It was nt until sunset that they cmpleted the clearing jb. Tm std in the center f the garden, tk a deep breath and enjyed the brand-new garden.
He was appreciating the renewed garden when his Mm came ver. “Are yu k?” Mm asked, wearing a big smile n her face. Tm didn’t give an immediate respnse. Instead, he pinted t the newly fixed windw, the just swept flr and the freshly mended rf, telling mm thughtfully, “I fund smething different.” he explained he was aware that it was much easier t set up a virtual wrld in the game Minecraft. Hwever, it was nt that easy t build a garden in reality, and it was even mre difficult t maintain and keep the garden as beautiful as it was because the real wrld needed respnsibility, jinted effrts and mre cmmunicatin. “Maybe I have spent t much time shutting myself indr with the cmputer.” Lking at his mm, he blinked his eyes mischievusly.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了玛丽购买电脑后，她的儿子汤姆沉迷于电脑游戏，玛丽试图限制他的游戏时间，但反而加剧了他的成瘾和争吵，然后，玛丽决定带汤姆去拜访拥有大农场的祖父，希望以此帮助他摆脱游戏成瘾，在农场上，汤姆逐渐被农场的美丽景色所吸引，在一个雨夜，汤姆被屋顶滴水吵醒，看到家人在昏暗的灯光下清理暴雨后的杂乱，内心受到感动，主动参与劳动，在实际工作中体验到成就感。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“想到祖父所做的努力，汤姆知道他必须立即做什么。”可知，第一段可描写汤姆在想到祖父的努力后，立刻采取行动帮助家人清理花园的情景。
②由第二段首句内容“当他妈妈过来的时候，他正在欣赏新装修的花园。”可知，第二段可描写汤姆与妈妈的互动以及他对于游戏和现实世界的认识的转变。
2. 续写线索：冲出去——打扫——花园呈现新的面貌——妈妈为汤姆骄傲——汤姆意识到自己错误——妈妈拥抱汤姆——汤姆改变
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①冲：rush/dash
②低下头：lwer ne’s head/hang ne’s head
③拥抱：pull sb int a warm hug/embrace sb warmly
情绪类
①惊讶：in surprise/in astnishment
②骄傲：be prud f/take pride in
【点睛】【高分句型1】Tm wrked hard, feeling a sense f purpse he hadn’t experienced in a lng time. (由which/that引导的限制性定语从句，省略了which/that)
【高分句型2】As they cntinued wrking bit by bit, the garden started t take n a new lk. (由as引导的时间状语从句)
A. give way t B. inspire C. intense D. in cnclusin E. remarkable F. a living prf G. qute H. qualificatin I. rejectin J. burst nt K. perseverance