专题13 简单句考点归纳-2026届中考英语总复习（人教版）练习+答案

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考点1 简单句的基本句型
一、简单句的五种基本句型
1.主语+不及物动词
I live near a supermarket. （near a supermarket为状语，作修饰成分）
2.主语+及物动词+宾语
We bught an expensive huse. （expensive为定语，作修饰成分）
3.主语+系动词+表语
All f these experiences are interesting fr us. （fr us为状语，作修饰成分）
4.主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
Ding sprts brings us health.
拓展
通常间接宾语是人，直接宾语是物，即“动词+sb.+sth.”。如果动词后为某物，则需要加上介词t/fr再加某人，即“动词+sth.+t/fr+sb.”。如：buy sb. sth.=buy sth. fr sb.（给某人买某物）；send/shw/return sb. sth.=send/shw/return sth. t sb. （给某人寄送/展示某物/归还某物给某人）。
5.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语
We fund the bk interesting.
随堂训练
1．（25-26九年级上·北京·开学考试）Which f the fllwing sentences fllws the structure f “S（主）+V（谓）+IO（间宾）+DO（直宾）”?
A．Autumn leaves turn brwn.B．Tmmy des sme reading every day.
C．I fund him very interesting.D．Sandy’s mum bught her a new hat.
2．（2024七年级上·河南郑州·专题练习）Which f the fllwing is the same as “I saw him playing the pian.” in sentence pattern?
A．We call her Miss Zhang.B．I gave him a new pencil.
C．He likes English very much.D．They were at hme yesterday.
3．（2025·甘肃平凉·三模）The sentence structure f “Tm is playing basketball.” is ________.
A．S+V+OB．S+V+PC．S+V+IO+DOD．S+V+DO+OC
4．（2025·安徽六安·模拟预测）The sentence structure f “Mr Zhang teaches us English.” is _________.
A．S+V+DOB．S+V+IO+DO
C．S+V+DO+OCD．S+V+P
5．（2024·甘肃武威·模拟预测）The sentence pattern f “Staying with students brings Jack much pleasure.” is ________.
A．S+VB．S+V+PC．S+V+IO+DOD．S+V+O+OC
二、There be 结构（存现句）
1.结构及意义：“There be+某物/某人+某地/某时”结构表示“某地或某时有某物或某人”。
例：There is a gd mvie n TV tnight.（今天晚上电视上有一部好电影。）
2.There be结构的就近原则：be动词的单复数形式必须和There be 之后的第一个主语保持一致。
例：There is an apple and tw bks n the table.
3.There be结构的时态：There be结构时态的变化体现在be动词上，而且be动词可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。
随堂训练
1．（25-26九年级上·上海静安·期中）The ntice said there ________ a basketball match in ur schl next week.
A．will beB．isC．wuld haveD．wuld be
2．（2025·云南丽江·一模）—What exciting event will happen in ur schl next Mnday?
—There __________ a singing cmpetitin in ur schl.
A．is ging t haveB．will haveC．is ging t beD．are ging t be
38．（23-24九年级上·江苏徐州·月考）Culd yu tell me ________ a meeting in Guangzhu next week?
A．whether is there ging t beB．whether there is ging t have
C．if there was ging t beD．if there is ging t be
4．（25-26九年级上·甘肃武威·开学考试）There ________ a lt mre places t enjy in Wuwei in the future.
A．areB．will beC．will haveD．is ging t have
5．（24-25七年级下·全国·单元测试）I hpe there ________ rain tmrrw because we will g ut fr a picnic.
A．t be nB．will be nt muchC．will nt be muchD．will have
考点2 句子种类
句子按其用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。
一、陈述句
陈述句用来陈述事实或表达说话者的看法，分为肯定句和否定句。句末通常用句号。
随堂训练
1．（25-26九年级下·河北石家庄·开学考试）My brther ________ a new bag, but I ________.
A．has; dn’tB．have; desn’tC．has; desn’tD．have; dn’t
2．（25-26九年级上·上海虹口·月考）Tm ________ any help because he can d the wrk himself.
A．needsB．desn’t need tC．desn’t needD．needn’t
3．（25-26九年级上·江西抚州·期中）I ________ sleep very well, but then I started ding yga and it really helps.
A．used tB．was used tC．didn’t use tD．wasn’t used t
二、疑问句
1.疑问句的分类和结构
2.疑问词（组）
随堂训练
1．（25-26九年级下·北京·开学考试）—Excuse me, I’m new here. ________ is the train statin frm this schl?
—It’s abut tw kilmeters away.
A．Hw lngB．Hw muchC．Hw farD．Hw many
2．（25-26九年级上·北京通州·月考）—________ d yu usually g t the library?
—Twice a week.
A．Hw lngB．Hw ftenC．Hw farD．Hw sn
3．（25-26九年级上·安徽亳州·期末）—________ students are there in yur class?
—________ 42 students, 22 girls and 20 bys.
A．Hw much; There isB．Hw much; There has
C．Hw many; There areD．Hw many; There have
4．（2026九年级·全国·专题练习）—________ is it frm yur hme t schl?
—Abut tw kilmeters.
A．Hw lngB．Hw ftenC．Hw snD．Hw far
三、祈使句
祈使句用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告、建议等。主语yu常常省略，谓语动词用原形。
拓展“祈使句, and/r+含有一般将来时的陈述句”句型
此句型中，祈使句表示条件，在意义上相当于一个条件状语从句。and表顺承;r表不做某事的后果，意为“否则”。如：Study hard, and yu will get a better grade next time.
随堂训练
1．（25-26九年级下·吉林长春·开学考试）________, Tutu, r yu will be late fr class. There are nly tw minutes left.
A．Hurry upB．T hurry upC．Hurrying upD．Hurried up
2．（25-26九年级上·上海静安·期中）Jane, ________ eat t many sweets. They are bad fr yur teeth.
A．nt tB．desn’tC．dn’tD．nt
3．（2026九年级·全国·专题练习）Dn’t ______ late fr schl again.
A．beB．isC．areD．was
4．（2026·上海嘉定·一模）If there is any prblem with the smart cleaner, ________ the manager directly, please.
A．cntactB．t cntactC．cntactingD．cntacted
四、感叹句
感叹句是用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子。常用what和hw引导。
易错提示 what 引导的感叹句中心词是名词；hw引导的感叹句中心词是形容词/副词。
如“__ interesting bks these are!”的中心词为bks，句中these are为主语和谓语，因此填What；而“__ interesting the bks are!”的中心词是interesting，the bks are为主语和谓语，因此填Hw。
随堂训练
1．（25-26九年级上·云南昆明·期末）________ great prgress China has made in technlgy, such as in 5G and AI!
A．WhatB．What aC．Hw aD．Hw
2．（2026九年级·云南·专题练习）________ amazing achievement the Chinese scientists have made in the field f quantum cmputing (量子计算)!
A．WhatB．What anC．HwD．Hw an
3．（2026九年级·云南·专题练习）________ exciting news it is! China has successfully launched anther space statin mdule.
A．WhatB．What anC．HwD．Hw an
4．（25-26九年级下·江西上饶·开学考试）—Jenny wn first prize in Sharing Chinese Stries in English Cmpetitin.
—________ great news it is! Her English used t be pretty bad.
A．Hw aB．HwC．What aD．What
5．（22-23九年级上·河南郑州·期末）—________ excellent wrk yu have dne!
—It’s very kind f yu t say s.
A．What anB．HwC．WhatD．Hw an
综合训练
一．单句语法填空
1．There （be）many mdern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help peple travel easily.
2．We hpe there （be）a cmputer n every student's desk in the future.
3．There （be）nt any tests t measure hw kind yu are t yur friends,r hw much yu lve t draw.
4．There （be）a few things that yu can d.
5．A great saying always helps a lt.There （be）a lt f great Chinese sayings and many f them are abut hw t live a gd life.
6．There will be （rain）tmrrw.We can't eat ut.We have t stay at hme.
7．It was getting clder and clder,and there （be）less than 10 peple in the square.
8．Scientists wrry that sn there （nt be）enugh water fr us.What can we d t help?Use water wisely.
9． strange it was!I left my bk n the desk,but it was n the sfa when I came back.
（clse）yur eyes and let music paint pictures in yur mind.When the music ends,
（pen）yur eyes and write dwn what yu remember.
11．There （be）sme gd advice and ways abut hw t use the Internet crrectly and wisely.
12．The cheers filled the air. an exciting basketball game!
13．—Attentin,please! （stay）inside because f the heavy rain.
—We will,Mr.Li.
14． useful knwledge the astrnaut in Tiangng Classrm has taught us!
15．Lastly,act nw!Speak clearly, （raise）yur head and yu'll ntice the difference in the way yu feel and the way peple see yu.
16．—Dad,shall we g t the library by bike r by car?
—By bike.There （be）n parking lt there.
17． （keep）trying and d yur best.
18．—The pen can translate what yu write dwn int English.
— an interesting inventin!
19． （spend）less time n the phne at night,r yu will find it hard t fall asleep.
20．The C919,China's self-made large plane,is nw in use. exciting the news is!
21．Smetimes her grandchildren say t her,“Please （nt g）ut in yur car all by yurself,Granny.We can take yu t the shps.”
二、翻译句子
1．不用时，请关掉电灯、电视和电脑。
___________________________________________________________________
2．我们能做什么来帮助有需要的人？
________________________________________
3．别放弃！尽最大的努力，你一定会成功！
__________________________________________________
4．我们的学校旅行多么不寻常!我永远不会忘。（what）
______________________________________________________________
5．无论你做什么，都不要失去勇气。（whatever,never）
__________________________________________
6．这个周末，秦皇岛有一场大型音乐会。
__________________________________________________________
7．你通常怎样使用零花钱?（spend）
____________________________________________
8．让我们看看十年后我们中多少人能实现自己的梦想。
__________________________________________________________________
三．语法选择
A
（2025·广东佛山·三模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。
39-year-ld Liu is a shp wner in Xinjiang. Days ag, he 1 by peple fr patiently picking a hat fr a sick child and giving it t the child fr free.
The mving stry tk place in 2 children’s clthes shp in Xinjiang n December 31. That day a wman with a child walked int the shp and std in frnt f a shelf filled with 3 fr a lng time. The child lked pale and his mther wasn’t sure which hat t pick. Seeing that, the shp wner Liu talked with the mther t see if he culd help 4 .
After knwing that the child was receiving chemtherapy (化疗), Liu decided 5 him a hat fr free. He then put different hats n the child 6 until he chse his favurite ne. The mther was very thankful 7 Liu.
Liu is frm Zhengzhu, Henan. He and his wife 8 a shp selling children’s clthes in Xinjiang years ag. The cuple have sent clthes wrth 20,000 yuan t pr children 9 they started the shp.
“The hat isn’t wrth much. I just hpe it will bring warmth t him. I just want t be kinder and 10 in the future. Everyne shuld shw a little lve t thers, especially thse wh are in need.” Liu said.
1．A．praisedB．is praisedC．was praised
2．A．aB．anC．the
3．A．hatB．hatsC．hats’
4．A．theyB．themC．their
5．A．giveB．givingC．t give
6．A．careB．carefulC．carefully
7．A．tB．frmC．with
8．A．penB．penedC．will pen
9．A．sinceB．whileC．unless
10．A．helpfulB．mre helpfulC．the mst helpful
B
（2025·广东佛山·三模）Nasheng, a 32-year-ld dctr, wrks in a small twn in Yunnan and takes care f mre than 5, 400 villagers here. 1 a child, she saw her family have truble getting medical help in inland areas. Lng jurneys and language prblems made it even 2 . Therefre, she studied medicine in cllege and came back 3 her hmetwn.
When she jined Yangla Twn Health Center in 2021, life wasn’t easy. She lived in a tiny rm 4 had little after-wrk fun. “Life here was 5 , but I never thught f leaving,” she smiled. T help mre peple, free mbile health checks 6 in villages every mnth. She nticed that 7 ld culdn’t get treatment again, because the health center was t far. She suggested building a basic health statin. Nw it has a dctr, bringing care clser t the villagers.
Villagers are thankful fr 8 she has dne. An 80-year-ld grandma nce bught 9 sme fresh fruit frm anther twn. Villagers als invited her t jin their celebratins during the last Spring Festival.
“Maybe I 10 t cllege ne day,” she said, “but I’ll always cme back. This is my hme.” Just like Nasheng, we shuld use what we learn t take care f the land that raised us.
1．A．AsB．FrC．With
2．A．hardB．harderC．hardest
3．A．helpB．helpingC．t help
4．A．andB．rC．but
5．A．bredB．bringC．bredm
6．A．fferedB．were fferedC．were ffering
7．A．aB．anC．the
8．A．whatB．thatC．hw
9．A．sheB．herC．hers
10．A．gB．wentC．will g
四．选词填空
A
（2025·广东佛山·三模）请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空，使文章语法正确、完整连贯，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。注意：每空一词，每词仅用一次。
The ld saying “Gd medicine tastes bitter.” may be n lnger true. Fr a lng time, Traditinal Chinese Medicine (TCM) is thught t be gd fr health but nt 1 t eat r drink. Hwever, things are different nw.
A creative TCM milk tea is 2 by Chngqing Jiangbei District Hspital f TCM. It’s nt s sweet 3 cmmn milk tea and has a little herbal (药草的) smell. “The TCM milk tea is ppular. Almst everyne wh tried it shares the special taste with their friends,” says a dctr in the hspital. At the same time, sme 4 sell fd and drinks with TCM. Yu can have bread and cakes with lw sugar and ice cream that is cl but can help yu lwer the summer heat 5 .
TCM fd and drinks are ppular amng yung peple. Fr ne thing, yung peple are 6 because f their busy wrk. They always call themselves “crispy skin yuths” (脆皮青年). That’s why they want t 7 their pr diets. Fr anther, it’s hard fr 8 t give up their lve fr junk fd. They think 9 will be bring withut tasty fd. Nw different kinds f TCM fd and drinks were made t meet the needs fr different tastes by the scientists and dctrs, 10 mre and mre yung peple chse TCM fd and drinks.
B
（2025·广东佛山·三模）请从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空，使文章语法正确、完整连贯，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。注意：每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
Ht pt, a ppular dish, has a lng histry f abut tw thusand years in China. 1 sitting arund a warm pt at a table with yur friends and family. Everyne is laughing, telling 2 and cking their fd right in the pt. This isn’t just abut eating. It’s abut having a gd time tgether.
The stry f ht pt started because peple needed t keep 3 in winter. They fund eating meat and vegetables frm a pt f ht sup made 4 feel cmfrtable and full. Then ht pt started as a cmmn way t 5 the cld. Then it grew int a traditin and spread all ver China.
As time went by, each part f China made its wn special kind 6 ht pt. Fr example, Sichuan made a spicy ht pt, 7 Beijing preferred a clear sup with thin pieces f muttn. This shws hw ne 8 idea can change int s many different and delicius dishes.
Nw, peple all arund the wrld enjy ht pt. It 9 shws hw fd can bring us tgether. It’s mre than just a 10 . It’s a way t bring peple clser, share jy and create gd memries.
五．语法填空
A
（2025·浙江湖州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
An English teacher frm New Zealand recently explred the beautiful cuntryside f Bading in Nrth China’s Hebei Prvince by cycling with his family.
Alng with mre than 100 cyclists, Rbert’s whle family 1 (take) part in the “Riding in Bading” event n Saturday, experiencing 2 natural beauty, rich culture and prsperity f cuntryside.
“I’ve been in Bading fr almst 10 years and have witnessed the rapid develpment here, especially in the rural areas where peple are kind and living a 3 (gd) life than befre,” said the 56-year-ld Rbert.
Rbert came t Bading in 2015 and has wrked at Hebei Finance University 4 an English teacher. He als married a Chinese wman and they live 5 (happy) with their children. During his time in Bading, he has enjyed 6 (he) in varius activities t learn abut Chinese culture, 7 he nw even knws a lt abut traditinal Chinese medicine.
“After experiencing this, I hpe 8 (share) the stries f the cuntryside and its peple with the wrld,” he said.
The “Riding in Bading” event t explre the beautiful cuntryside 9 (hld) frm March t July every year, visiting ver seventy 10 (village) in 20 cunties. The activities shw the features and charm f the beauty and new lks f the cuntryside.
B
（2025·浙江湖州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
“Thank yu fr yur email. I 1 (leave) already t fllw my dream f knitting (编织) sweaters fr penguins and n lnger wrk fr the schl. I wn’t be back t my ffice 2 my penguin friends are happy.” 3 (mnth) ag a teacher in the UK sent this email t her Chinese student, and it sn became ppular nline.
Yu may find this email 4 (surprise), but knitting sweaters fr penguins is a real act f kindness. The Penguin Fundatin came up with 5 idea. The activity began because f a serius il spill (泄漏) near Phillip Island 6 the 2010s. Then the number and health f baby penguins had a serius drp. When little penguins were cvered in il, 7 (they) lives were put in danger.
8 (slve) this prblem, the fundatin asked peple frm all ver the wrld t knit sweaters fr penguins. These sweaters culd keep them warm and stp them frm eating the il. 9 (luck), the idea wrked. Sn there was anther il spill near Phillip Island. This time, the sweaters helped save 96 percent f the penguins in the area.
Hwever, sme bird prtectin grups have questined 10 these sweaters might put mre stress (压力) n penguins. The fundatin said the sweaters are nly used fr a shrt time. Once the penguins are better, they n lnger wear them.考点
考向
基本句型
①简单句的五种基本句型 ②There be结构
陈述句
①肯定句： 主语+谓语（+其他）.
②否定句： 主语+dn't/desn't/didn't+动词原形（+其他）.
主语+am nt/isn't/aren't/can't/hasn't/haven't/...+...
疑问句
①一般疑问句： D/Des/Did+主语+动词原形（+其他）？
Am/Is/Are/Can/Has/Have/...+主语+...？
②特殊疑问句： What/Wh/When/Where/Why/Hw/Hw ften/...+ 一般疑问句？
祈使句
①肯定形式： 动词原形（+...）/...
②否定形式： Dn't+动词原形（+...）/...
感叹句
①what引导的感叹句： What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语）!
What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！
②hw引导的感叹句： Hw+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）!
时态
结构
例句
一般现在时
There is/are...
There are frty students in the classrm.
一般过去时
There was/were...
There was a talk shw n TV yesterday.
一般将来时
There will be...或There is/are ging t be...
There will be a cncert n Saturday.
There is ging t be a ftball game tmrrw.
类型
结构或用法
例句
肯定句
基本结构：主语+谓语（+其他）
I played basketball yesterday.
否定句
谓语部分只有实义动词时：主语+dn't/desn't/didn't+谓语动词原形
They didn't play basketball yesterday.
谓语部分含有系动词be、助动词、情态动词时，否定形式为在它们后面直接加nt
Jim isn't playing ftball nw.
We can't live withut water.
类型
含义及特点
结构
例句
一般疑问句
以系动词be、助动词或情态动词开头，可以用yes或n来回答
谓语部分只有实义动词时：D/Des/Did+主语+谓语动词原形+（其他）？
—Des she live in Beijing?
—Yes, she des./N, she desn't.
谓语部分含有系动词be、情态动词或助动词时，系动词be、情态动词或助动词在主语前
—Are yu a middle schl student?
—Yes, I am./N, I am nt.
—Have yu ever been t Shanghai?
—Yes, I have. /N, I haven't.
特殊疑问句
由疑问词（组）引导，不能用yes或n来回答
疑问词（组）+一般疑问句？
—Where des she live?
—She lives in Beijing.
选择疑问句
在两种或两种以上情况中进行选择的疑问句； 回答不用yes或n，而是一个完整的句子或其省略形式
一般选择疑问句：一般疑问句+r+被选择的内容之一？
—D yu like apples r pears?
—I like pears.
特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句， A r B？
—Which d yu like better, tea r cffee?
—I like cffee better.
类型
疑问词（组）
含义及用法
示例
疑问代词
what
“什么”，没有指定的范围
What wuld yu like?
询问某人的职业
—What's yur father?
—He is a teacher.
which
“哪一个/些”，范围明确
Which is yur favurite seasn?
wh
“谁” ，询问某人的身份、姓名，作主语或宾语（紧跟在介词后面时只能用whm）
Wh is the by under the tree?
Wh/Whm are yu talking t?
whm
“谁”，wh的宾格形式，作宾语
T whm are yu talking?
whse
“谁的”，多位于名词前
Whse bk is this?
疑问副词（词组）
when
“什么时候”，问时间
When d yu get up?
where
“在哪里”，问地点
Where is my ruler?
why
“为什么”，问原因（常用because或不定式回答）
Why d yu like spring?
Why did Tm g t the library yesterday?
hw
“怎样”，问方式
—Hw d yu g t schl?
—By bike/bus.
hw far
“多远”，问距离
Hw far is it frm here?
hw lng
“多久”，问持续时间（常用“fr+时间段”回答）
—Hw lng have yu lived in Beijing?
—Fr ten years.
“多长”，问长度
Hw lng is the Yellw River?
hw ften
“多久一次”，问频率（可以用“nce/twice/three times+时间段”或every day等回答）
—Hw ften d yu g t the cinema?
—Twice a mnth.
hw sn
“多久”，问要多长时间（常用“in+时间段”回答）
—Hw sn can yu finish it?
—In an hur.
hw much
“多少钱”，问价格
Hw much is the milk?
“多少”，问不可数名词的量
Hw much water is left?
hw many
“多少”，问可数名词的数量
Hw many days are there in a year?
hw ld
“多大年纪”，问年龄
Hw ld are yu?
类型
结构
例句
肯定形式
动词原形（+...）
Read English lud! Be quiet!
let+宾语+动词原形（+...）
Let me help yu.
否定形式
dn't+动词原形（+...）
Dn't talk in class. Dn't be late again!
n+名词/动词的-ing形式
N smking. （=Dn't smke.）
never+动词原形（+...）
Never give up!
let+宾语+nt+动词原形（+...）
Let's nt talk abut it.
类别
结构
例句
what引导的感叹句
What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语）!
What a beautiful girl （she is）!
What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）!
What imprtant jbs （they have dne）!
What gd news （it is）!
hw引导的感叹句
Hw+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）!
Hw delicius （the ndles are）!
Hw fast （the river runs）!
they as life restaurant s tired alne make keep change delicius slw
while warm f meal simple imagine fact fr stry true they beat