专题12 主谓一致、非谓语动词考点归纳-2026届中考英语总复习（人教版）练习+答案

这是一份专题12 主谓一致、非谓语动词考点归纳-2026届中考英语总复习（人教版）练习+答案，文件包含专题12主谓一致非谓语动词考点归纳原卷版docx、专题12主谓一致非谓语动词考点归纳解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共17页， 欢迎下载使用。
主谓一致是指句子的谓语与其主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。主谓一致遵循三原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一、语法一致原则——主语、谓语在语法形式上保持一致
拓展1
“A+with/alng with/tgether with/as well as+B”结构作主语时，谓语动词的数由前面的A的单复数形式决定。如: Mr. Green with his wife and tw daughters is cming t Beijing.
拓展2
shes、clthes、trusers、scissrs、glasses、shrts、jeans、chpsticks、glves等作主语时，谓语动词须用复数形式。但如果这些名词被a pair/kind f 修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。
1.—Hw many students are there in yur schl?
—________ the students in ur schl ________ ver 1,500.
The number f; isB．The number f; are
C．A number f; isD．A number f; are
2.Neither Jim nr Tm ________ France befre, but they knw the cuntry very well.
A．has gne tB．has been tC．have gne tD．have been t
3.The ppulatin in sme Eurpean cuntries ________ these years. Many yung peple are mving t big cities.
A．are getting smallerB．is getting smaller
C．is getting lessD．are getting larger
二、意义一致原则——主语、谓语在意义上保持一致关系
拓展1
all、any、enugh、half、mre、mst、sme作主语或修饰主语时，若主语表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语表示单数意义或是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：
All f the apples are rtten.（所有的苹果都腐烂了。）
All f the apple is rtten.（整个苹果都腐烂了。）
拓展2
主语为“分数/百分数+f+名词”时，其后的谓语形式取决于f后的名词的单复数。如：
Abut 60% f the students in ur schl are bys.
Abut 60% f the wrk is dne.
1.It is reprted that half f the China’s ppulatin __________ wrking in cities in 2015 t make mney．
A．areB．isC．wasD．were
2.—There are s many swimmers swimming in the swimming pl.
—Yes, and sixty percent children.
A．isB．areC．wasD．were
3.Half f the class _______ dne mst f the wrk. The left ________ rather difficult.
A．has; isB．have; isC．have; areD．has; are
三、就近一致原则——谓语的单复数取决于离谓语最近的主语的单复数形式
1.Neither Millie nr Shirley ________ Australia befre, but they knw the cuntry very well.
A．has gne tB．has been tC．have gne tD．have been t
2.—Mum, I am hungry.
—There ________ sme bread and tw eggs n the table.
A．areB．isC．haveD．has
3.Try t be the master f yur life. Life is a hrse and ________ yu ride it ________ it rides yu.
A．neither; nrB．either; rC．bth; andD．nt nly; but als
综合训练
1．Althugh ur （meal）lk better,large amunts f sugar are ften added.
2．Chinese Language Day （fall）n April 20th every year.
3．Xinzhu ancient city in Shanxi,with a histry f mre than 1,800 years, （have）ver 500 stres and restaurants.
4．A recent study shws that letter writing （make）the writer happy.
5．Neither Lily nr her parents （be）utdrs when the rainstrm came.
6．This is my gd friend,Lucy.Nt nly she but als I （be）gd at recycling.We ften make sme tys ut f waste.
7．Reading nvels （be）her favrite way t relax.
8．There a big tree behind the shp.Yu can see many birds in it.
9．The centre f the hurricane（飓风）is called the eye.Winds in the eye （be）nt very strng.
10．There （be）sme gd advice and ways abut hw t use the Internet crrectly and wisely.
11．Each f them （receive）a gift frm the schl every year.
12．Three years （be）a shrt time in ne's life.
13．Either yu r he （be）respnsible fr the mistake.
动词的非谓语形式（没有人称和数的变化）
一、动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是“t+动词原形”，有时可以不带t，其否定式为“nt+动词不定式”。具体用法见下表：
1.We need stricter laws ____________（prtect） ur river.
2.It als encurages yung peple ____________（achieve） their dreams.
3.The 21-year-ld girl has been teaching ther students ______________（practice） fr ver three years.
4.The bss tld Jhn ________（wait） a secnd, and he called Bbby t g and find anyne selling watermelns in the market.
5.Many university graduates g t wrk in the cuntryside ________（help） villagers live a better life.
二、动词的-ing形式
动词的-ing形式为在动词原形后加-ing构成；其否定形式为“nt+动词的-ing形式”。动词的-ing形式可以和助动词be一起构成进行时，还可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。具体用法见下表：
1.]In rder t remember Zu, sme mathematicians suggest ________（call） pi（圆周率） “Zu Lv”.
2.—Hw can I imprve my prnunciatin, Madam?
—Keep n ____________（practice） and yu’ll make prgress.
3.When playing in the hallways students shuld avid ________（push） each ther.
4.Many students practice ________（run） in the mrning because f the P.E. exam.
5.—Is Lucy in the classrm?
—Yeah. She is still there watching Mr. Li ________（draw）.
6.My grandfather used t ______（watch） TV at hme after dinner, but nw he is used t ______（g） ut fr a walk.
7.It helped kill their neck and back pain after ________（wrk） fr lng hurs at hme while nt requiring much effrt, time and space.
8.Bdy cnfidence is abut ____________（accept） ur bdies fully and understanding what they can d fr us.
三、动词的-ed形式
动词的-ed形式也叫过去分词，除了可以与助动词be一起构成被动语态，与have/has一起构成现在完成时，还可以在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语或状语。具体用法见下表：
综合训练
一．填空题
1.Yu culd d what yu can （help）everyne get ut f the dr n time.
2.Tny's sister enjys （listen）t music and she ften ges t cncerts.
3.Write dwn the things yu need t d in a ntebk,r use an nline tl （create）a“t-d”list.
4.The lcal artists wrked with histrians （make）sure the prjectins shw the big events in the histry crrectly.
5.Let yur grandparents help yu imprve yur skills,like （teach）yu hw t fish.
6.I think the best way （value）time is t live in the present.
7.Eric's been wrking hard t make Yunnan cffee （becme）better.
8.I must ask my father t give up （smke）since it's bad fr his lungs.
9.With a little patience,planning and understanding,yu can help （create）a great hme fr yur pets.
10.Cmpanies might sn use AI （find）ut where yu've traveled.
二．阅读下面短文，填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。2025杭州模拟改编
Like many beginners, I learned t ride a bike during the summer vacatin. The nly difference was that I was 30 years ld. When I was a kid, my father bught a bicycle fr my brther and me 1 （share）, but he was t busy 2 （teach） us. When I grew lder, the ther kids laughed at me because I culdn't ride a bike. That made me 3 （give） up learning finally. After I mved t a twn, bikes were ppular there. I wanted
4 （learn） hw t ride a bike. By then, I was 12 years ld. Hwever, I was sn busy with my schlwrk, and later with my jb. I almst frgt abut it. At the age f 30, I jined a wmen's bike-riding club. The members met t practice 5 （ride） every Saturday in Renmin Park. As fr me, I std there and decided 6 （vercme） my fear. Althugh I fell ff the bike many times, I tld myself 7 （be） brave. Befre lng, I culd ride well. It wasn't simply a bike. It was the chance I had lst at an early age.
三．将方框中所给词的适当形式填入短文中，每词仅用一次。
Lena was a shy girl wh always fund it hard 1 friends. Every time smene spke t her， she wuld wrry abut being laughed at.
One rainy afternn，while walking hme frm schl，she nticed a small dg 2 under a tree. It lked lst and scared， just like hw she felt whenever she tried 3 a cnversatin. Lena slwly mved clser t it.
The dg waved its tail sftly. Smething in its trusting eyes made Lena's heart 4 . She decided 5 it hme. Her parents agreed 6 it while searching fr its wner. Lena named the dg “Shadw（影子）” because it fllwed her everywhere, just like her wn shadw.
四．短文填空综合练
Our cmmunity library decided 1. （run） a painting class. I tld my friend Ella, and we bth signed up.
On the big day, ur first task was t paint a white vase f cheerful yellw sunflwers against a blue backgrund.We were asked 2. （paint） ur canvas （画布） blue. It was easy 3. （fllw） the instructr t mve the brush. Althugh I had never painted befre, I culd tell I was a natural. I started 4. （think） abut where I wuld hang my new masterpiece.
Immediately after that, hwever, I began 5. （have） prblems. The first curved （弯曲的） line f my vase lked perfect, but when I painted the line n the ppsite side, my hand slipped （打滑）. I tried t cver that white streak （条痕） with blue paint, but it didn't wrk.
While I was busy 6. （fix） my messy painting, the instructr explained hw t paint the sunflwer leaves. Things went dwnhill fast after that. My leaves lked like fat, green caterpillars （毛毛虫）. When I failed 7. （clean） my paintbrush, I accidentally made the sunflwers green. I felt upset when I saw hw gd thers' paintings lked.
Ella sweetly praised my sunflwers, perhaps 8. （feel） srry fr me. When I said that hers was much better, she lked surprised. “N, it isn't. I messed up in at least five places.” After a few secnds, she asked, “Want t trade paintings?”
Until that mment, I had nly disliked my painting. And yet, fr sme reasn, 9. （give） it away made me feel wrng. It wasn't a perfect painting, but it was mine—the first ne I had ever created. I knew Ella must have realized that she felt the same way when she suddenly shk her head and said, “Never mind.”
My sunflwer painting still hangs directly abve my bed. I ften lk at it. Every time I lk at it, it makes me 10. （smile）. It always brightens my day and brings warmth t my rm. I really like it nw.主语
谓语形式
示例
不可数名词、可数名词单数、第三人称代词单数he/she/it
单数形式
The by was interested in English.
He desn't think it is a gd idea.
动词不定式、动词的-ing形式
单数形式
Reading is learning.
ne/each/each ne/...或every ne/each ne/ne/each f+复数名词/复数代词
单数形式
Each ne has a gift.
Each f the answers is wrth 20 pints.
复合不定代词anyne、smebdy、everything、nbdy等
单数形式
Is everything all right?
nne/neither f+复数名词/复数代词
单数/复数形式
Nne f us has/have been t Beijing.
复数名词、复数代词
复数形式
These apples are Mike's.
and或连接的并列主语
复数形式
Tm and Mike are gd friends.
Bth Lucy and Lily are students.
类别
谓语形式
示例
表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词或词组作主语时，一般看作一个整体
单数形式
Three years is a lng time.
集体名词,如family、team、class、grup等作主语
表示整体概念
单数形式
His family is ging t mve.（强调整个家庭）
表示各个成员
复数形式
His family are all eating.（强调家庭成员）
plice、peple等作主语时
复数形式
The plice are helping a girl lk fr her mther.
类别
谓语形式
示例
There be结构中
be动词常与离它近的主语在数上保持一致
There is a table and three chairs in Tm's rm.
、、nt （als）...、连接两个并列主语时
谓语动词与离它较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致
Nt nly my parents but als I am lking frward t meeting my uncle.
功能
位置与常见用法
示例
作主语
放句首，谓语动词用单数
T see is t believe.（t believe作表语）
通常用it作形式主语，真正的主语，即不定式则被后置：
it+is+adj.（+fr/f sb.）+t d sth.
it takes sb.+一段时间+t d sth.（做某事花费某人多少时间）
It is imprtant fr us t wrk hard in rder t have a better life.
It takes me half an hur t walk t schl every day.
作宾语
一些动词后常用不定式作宾语：
affrd/agree/want/hpe/decide/wish/learn/expect/fail/
plan/prmise/refuse/wait/...+t d sth.
They can't affrd t buy a huse.
He decided t visit the family n Saturday evening.
有些动词后接动词不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语，即不定式后置：find/think+it+adj.+t d sth.
I fund it difficult t find a jb in the city.
动词不定式可以和疑问词连用作宾语：
what/which/when/where/hw+t d
Nbdy tld us what t d next.
We dn't knw where t g.
作状语
位于表示情绪、状态等的形容词后：be+adj.+t d sth.
I am prud t stand with yu.
表目的：t d/in rder t d...
A friend came t see me last night.
T learn English well, yu must study hard.
表结果：t+adj.+t d sth.（太……而不能做某事）
adj./adv.+enugh+t d sth.（足够……做某事）
He is t yung t g t schl.
He is ld enugh t g t schl.
作宾语补足语
位于宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明：
advise/allw/ask/encurage/frce/invite/rder/require/
want/warn/teach/...+sb.（变被动后依然接t d）+t d sth.
注意：动词不定式在使役动词（make、let、have等）和感官动词（feel、hear等）后作宾语补足语时，通常省略t
She encuraged me t write.
My mm advises me t d my hmewrk first.
All the students were asked t cmplete a questinnaire（问卷）.
作定语
动词不定式作定语时要后置：
smething/anything/nthing/物/人+t d
I have sme clthes t wash.
I want smething t eat.
He has n place t live.
功能
位置与常见用法
示例
作主语
放句首，谓语动词用单数
Swimming is gd fr health.
作宾语
一些动词（enjy/practice/finish/mind/miss/keep/suggest/
imagine/cnsider/avid/...）后接动词的-ing形式
He practices speaking English every day.
When playing in the hallways, students shuld avid pushing each ther.
介词（f/t（t为介词时，后面接动词的-ing形式，如be used t/lk frward t+ding...）/fr/after/by/abut/...）后接动词的-ing形式
He helped me realize that travel is abut learning cultures.
作表语
My favurite hbby is cllecting stamps.
作定语
They fund anther hiding place.（作前置定语）
a highway leading int the muntains（作后置定语）
作状语
She was in the kitchen preparing supper.
作宾语补足语
I can't imagine Grandma riding a mtrbike.
功能
示例
作表语
He is nt interested in research.
作定语
She had a pleased lk n her face.
作宾语补足语
We all wished the prblem settled.（希望问题被解决）
作状语
Mr. Brwn, deeply mved, thanked him again and again.（被深深地感动）
keep ache start make take stand