2026高考总复习优化设计二轮英语专题练习_考点分类练12　主旨大意题(3)（含解析）

这是一份2026高考总复习优化设计二轮英语专题练习_考点分类练12　主旨大意题(3)（含解析），共9页。
难度:★★★☆☆ 限时:7分钟
It was bvius with Pincchi.Every time he tld a lie,his nse grew lnger.But fr the rest f us in real life,the result f telling lies isn’t s evident.Is it pssible that there are unseen cnsequences t dishnesty?
Since lies are carried by speech,and speech riginates in the brain,is it pssible that telling lies results in changes in the brain that are nt utwardly bservable?Psychlgists Julia Lee and Ashley Hardin wanted t find ut.
Drs.Lee and Hardin set up a series f studies t explre the questin f dishnesty,with 250 pairs f individuals.In each pair,ne was assigned the task f either lying r telling the truth.The ther member f the pair was instructed t evaluate the emtins f the lying r truth-telling partner.Each f the partners was then assigned the task f evaluating the emtins f the ther partner.
The research fund that subjects wh were asked t be dishnest were significantly wrse at detecting the emtinal state f their partners than thse wh tld the truth.Surprisingly,the small,seemingly unimprtant mments f dishnesty cluded an individual’s ability t read the emtins f anther individual later n.
T determine hw well the participants culd read ther peple’s emtins,the researchers then had the subjects watch a series f shrt vide clips.In the clips,actrs expressed a wide range f emtins in their facial expressins,vices,and bdy languages.The participants were then asked t identify the emtinal state f the actrs.Once again,acrss all the experimental studies,the researchers cnsistently fund that thse wh were tempted t,and likely did lie,ended up perfrming wrse n the test f empathetic accuracy than thse wh didn’t lie.
We live in a wrld where businesses,scial life,and persnal relatinships depend n the ability f individuals t interact well with ther peple.And t interact with them we ften need t be able t determine their emtins.As mst f us learned in kindergarten:it’s imprtant t tell the truth!
1.What is the purpse f the studies?
A.T explain the Pincchi Effect.
B.T explre the mtive fr lying.
C.T teach peple hw t detect lies.
D.T test if lying causes brain changes.
2.What were the participants asked t d in the studies?
A.T make faces.
B.T learn bdy languages.
C.T rate thers’ perfrmances.
D.T identify different emtins.
3.What des the underlined wrd “cluded” in paragraph 4 mst prbably mean?
A.Cleared. B.Imprved.
C.Weakened.D.Mnitred.
4.What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A.The necessity f being hnest.
B.The applicatin f the study.
C.The reasns fr telling lies.
D.The cmplexity f scial interactin.
Passage 2(2025山东青岛、淄博二模)
主题:过度旅游 词数:345
难度:★★★☆☆ 限时:7分钟
In many parts f the wrld,the vlume f turists has gne way beynd capacity pint.Overturism,as is knwn,is nw s widespread that many cmmunities are pushing back.In April,activists n Tenerife staged a hunger strike against the building f new turist prjects threatening lcal water resurces.Similarly,Greek cmmunities initiated the “twel mvement” resisting the privatizatin f castal spaces that displaced lcal traditinal fishing.
When yu see s many peple prtesting s widely,it tells yu that the balance has been lst.The idea that mst peple benefit frm turism is n lnger s clear.Symptms f verturism range frm everyday prblems,such as lcals being priced ut f restaurants,t deeper issues like the crprate takever f affrdable husing,which has caused widespread public anger.“At the mst insignificant level,verturism makes visiting places less pleasant fr thse visiting,” says Adrian Phillips,managing directr f Bradt Travel Guides.“Mst f us wuld prefer t appreciate St Mark’s Square in Venice withut having t cmpete fr space.Besides,it can damage the lcal landscape,put pressure n lcal facilities,bend and change traditinal culture.”
Thailand’s histric city f Chiang Mai has recently charged a $147.5 fine fr turists wearing unsuitable clthing in temple znes,alngside cultural training fr guides assisting internatinal visitrs,which cmes as the city experiences an explsin in turism,putting pressure n its culture.The Indnesian island f Bali,where by the middle f 2024,internatinal turism arrivals—7.75 millin—surpassed thse f all f 2019,is als seeing pushback against the rapid-fire expansin f turism,with htlines set up t reprt inapprpriate behaviur by freigners.
In the lng run,the key slutin t reducing verturism is t champin the advantages f the many wnderful spts away frm the mst heavily-visited turist sites and encurage peple t spread their turist dllars mre widely.Rather than set limits n the number f visitrs r fine peple fr visiting famus landmarks,stakehlders shuld give full attentin t the meaningful experiences,fair ecnmic benefits,and sustainable practices that cme with explring alternatives.
5.Why did peple in Tenerife and Greece prtest?
A.T increase incme frm turism.
B.T imprve lcal service facilities.
C.T safeguard the interests f lcals.
D.T prevent envirnmental destructin.
6.What des Adrian Phillips think f verturism?
A.It can be mre than incnvenient.
B.It reflects turists’ psychlgical needs.
C.It can be managed thrugh better planning.
D.It is a necessary stage in ecnmic develpment.
7.What des paragraph 3 fcus n?
A.Plans t drive turism grwth.
B.Effrts t develp lcal attractins.
C.Appraches t cultural preservatin.
D.Respnses t verturism challenges.
8.Wh might the underlined wrd “stakehlders” in the last paragraph refer t?
A.Turism fficers.
B.Travel behavir experts.
C.Ec-minded travelers.
D.Turism investment analysts.
Passage 3(2025山东菏泽二模)
主题:语言与文化传播 词数:351
难度:★★★☆☆ 限时:7分钟
When asked hw he “chses” wrds fr a translatin,Damin Searls,a famus translatr,likens(比作) it t asking a reader hw they “chse” what Mr.Darcy,the main character in the nvel Pride and Prejudice,lks like when reading it.Neither is s much a chice,he says,but a respnse shaped by the text.
Translating is sme kind f reading and sme kind f writing jined tgether.If yu unpack what reading is,yu’re ging t get mst f the way t the philsphy f translatin.Accrding t Searls,translatin isn’t that different frm ther frms f writing in English.Hwever,what distinguishes translatin is the way translatrs read,a clse reading that engages deeply with a language’s structure.
When “reading like a translatr,” Searls said he must identify which linguistic elements can be mitted in English and which are intentinal stylistic chices by the authr.When translating Uwe Jhnsn’s nvel,Anniversaries,fr example,he nticed frequent “nt this but that” cnstructins (“the train leaves at nt 7:00 but 6:00”),which are mre cmmn in German than in English.
While it wuld be easy t rephrase fr smther English,he realized Jhnsn used this pattern deliberately t express a persnal visin.“We can’t just erase it because it’s nt just the German language:It’s him,the authr,” Searls said.
Searls als described his prcess when appraching a new translatin.He usually des a slw and precise first draft,which allws him t revise later withut referring t much t the surce material.“As much as yu can avid lking back at the riginal will help yu direct yur attentin t:Des this sund like it shuld sund in English?”
When asked hw t reach the pint f feeling like a reader skilled enugh t translate,Searls respnded that while sme believe mastering the surce language is necessary fr translatin,he sees mre nuance(细微差异).Thugh he knws Nrwegian well enugh t translate the wrks f Jn Fsse,he wuldn’t necessarily feel cmfrtable translating just any Nrwegian bk.
9.What was Searls’ purpse in mentining Mr.Darcy?
A.T explain the wrd chice.
B.T analyze Mr.Darcy’s rles.
C.T stress the text understanding.
D.T cmpare the different cntexts.
10.What d we learn frm Damin Searls’ translatin f Anniversaries?
A.He keeps the authr’s unique language features.
B.He changes German expressins fr smth English.
C.He makes the translatin simple with English structure.
D.He values the readability f the translated text ver the authr’s style.
11.What des the last paragraph mainly cnvey?
A.Translatin is like reading.
B.Translatin is a fine-tuning prcess.
C.Translatin ends up with perfectin.
D.Translatin imprves when mastered.
12.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A.Frm Culture t Culture:Bridging the Meanings
B.The Chices f Wrd:A Translatr’s Perspective
C.Frm Reading t Translatin:A Creative Prcess
D.The Art f Translatin:Reading Between Languages
答案：
Passage 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了心理学家Julia Lee和Ashley Hardin开展的研究,旨在探究说谎是否会导致大脑变化,研究发现说谎会削弱识别他人情绪的能力,强调了诚实的重要性。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,研究的目的是测试说谎是否会导致大脑变化。故选D项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第五段中“T determine hw well the participants culd read ther peple’s participants were then asked t identify the emtinal state f the actrs.”可知,参与者在研究中被要求识别不同的情绪。故选D项。
3.C 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“The research fund that subjects wh were asked t be dishnest were significantly wrse at detecting the emtinal state f their partners than thse wh tld the truth.”可知,说谎会削弱一个人解读他人情绪状态的能力。所以画线词所在句中“cluded”的意思是“削弱”,与C项“Weakened”同义。故选C项。
4.A 主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知,最后一段主要讲了诚实的必要性。故选A项。
提分干货
Passage 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了过度旅游的现象和解决方案。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In April,activists n Tenerife staged a hunger strike against the building f new turist prjects threatening lcal water resurces.Similarly,Greek cmmunities initiated the ‘twel mvement’ resisting the privatizatin f castal spaces that displaced lcal traditinal fishing.”可知,新旅游项目会威胁特内里费岛当地水资源,希腊沿海空间的私有化会取代当地的传统渔业,所以这两个地区的人抗议是为了捍卫当地人的利益,故选C项。
6.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘At the mst insignificant level,verturism makes visiting places less pleasant fr thse visiting,’says Adrian Phillips,managing directr f Bradt Travel Guides.‘Mst f us wuld prefer t appreciate St Mark’s Square in Venice withut having t cmpete fr space.Besides,it can damage the lcal landscape,put pressure n lcal facilities,bend and change traditinal culture.’”可知,Adrian Phillips认为过度旅游可能不仅仅导致不方便,它还会让游客感到不愉快,破坏当地景观,给当地设施带来压力,扭曲和改变传统文化,故选A项。
7.D 主旨大意题。根据第三段可知,本段主要讲述泰国清迈和印尼巴厘岛对于过度旅游问题采取的措施,故选D项。
8.A 词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Rather than set limits n the number f visitrs r fine peple fr visiting famus landmarks,stakehlders shuld give full attentin t the meaningful experiences,fair ecnmic benefits,and sustainable practices that cme with explring alternatives.”可知,“限制游客数量或对参观著名地标的人罚款”以及“充分关注探索替代方案所带来的有意义的体验、公平的经济效益和可持续的实践”应是属于“旅游官员”的责任范畴。
提分干货
Passage 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了著名翻译家达米恩·瑟尔斯对翻译的理解和他的翻译方法,包括如何阅读原文、处理语言结构以及翻译的过程等。
9.C 推理判断题。根据第一段可推知,瑟尔斯提到达西先生是为了强调对文本的理解。
10.A 细节理解题。根据第四段可知,在翻译《周年纪念日》时,瑟尔斯保留了作者独特的语言特征。
11.B 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“When asked hw t reach the pint f feeling like a reader skilled enugh t translate,Searls respnded that while sme believe mastering the surce language is necessary fr translatin,he sees mre nuance.”可知,最后一段主要讲述了翻译是一个需要精细调整的过程。
易错点拨:本题易错选A项。虽然文章开头提到翻译是“reading and sme kind f writing jined tgether”,但最后一段的核心是瑟尔斯对翻译细节处理的见解(如初稿慢工出细活、避免过度依赖原文等),而非简单类比阅读。A项是前文观点,非末段主旨。
12.D 主旨大意题。本文主要围绕翻译家达米恩·瑟尔斯对翻译的理解展开,讲述了翻译与阅读的关系,翻译时要注重对原文的理解,保留作者的语言特色,以及翻译是一个精细调整的过程等,强调了翻译是在不同语言之间进行阅读和理解的艺术。D项“翻译的艺术:在语言之间阅读”为短文最佳标题,故选D项。
提分干货
高频
词汇
1.emtin n.情绪 2.accuracy n.准确性
3.riginate v.起源;产生4.assign v.分配;指派
5.detect vt.察觉;识别6.tempt vt.引诱;诱惑
7.utwardly adv.表面上;向外
8.significantly adv.显著地
熟词
生义
1.carry (生) vt.传达,承载 (熟) vt.搬用
2.read (生) vt.理解,解读 (熟) vt.阅读
重点
短语
1.result in 导致
2.later n 后来
3.end up ding 最终导致;以……告终
难句
分析
Since lies are carried by speech,and speech riginates in the brain,is it pssible that telling lies results in changes in the brain that are nt utwardly bservable?
分析:本句为复合句。Since lies are carried by speech,and speech riginates in the brain为since引导的原因状语从句;that telling lies results in changes in the brain为that引导的主语从句;that are nt utwardly bservable为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词changes。
译文:既然谎言通过言语传达,而言语源于大脑,那么说谎是否可能导致大脑发生表面上无法观察到的变化?
高频
词汇
1.vlume n.数量;容量 2.capacity n.承载能力;容量
3.facility n.设施4.initiate vt.发起;启动
5.displace vt.取代;排挤6.inapprpriate adj.不适当的
7.sustainable adj.可持续的
熟词
生义
1.stage (生) vt.主办,举行 (熟) n.舞台
2.champin (生) vt.支持 (熟) n.冠军
重点
短语
1.benefit frm 受益于
2.cmpete fr 为争取……而竞争
3.put pressure n 对……施加压力
4.in the lng run 从长远来看
难句
分析
Thailand’s histric city f Chiang Mai has recently charged a $147.5 fine fr turists wearing unsuitable clthing in temple znes,alngside cultural training fr guides assisting internatinal visitrs,which cmes as the city experiences an explsin in turism,putting pressure n its culture.
分析:本句为复合句。现在分词短语wearing unsuitable clthing in temple znes作定语修饰turists;现在分词短语assisting internatinal visitrs作定语修饰guides;which cmes as the city experiences an explsin in turism为which引导的非限制性定语从句;现在分词短语putting pressure n its culture作结果状语。
译文:泰国历史名城清迈最近对在寺庙区域穿着不当的游客处以147.5美元罚款,并为协助国际游客的导游提供文化培训,这是由于该市旅游业激增,对当地文化造成了压力。
高频
词汇
1.philsphy n.理念;哲学 2.draft n.草稿;初稿
3.unpack vt.剖析;解读4.mit vt.省略;删去
5.rephrase vt.重新表达;改写
6.intentinal adj.有意的;刻意的
7.precise adj.精确的;细致的
熟词
生义
clse (生) adj.深入的,细致的 (熟) v.关闭,接近
重点
短语
1.engage with 深入理解;参与
2.avid ding sth 避免做某事
难句
分析
When asked hw he “chses” wrds fr a translatin,Damin Searls,a famus translatr,likens(比作) it t asking a reader hw they “chse” what Mr.Darcy,the main character in the nvel Pride and Prejudice,lks like when reading it.
分析:本句为复合句。When asked hw he “chses” wrds fr a translatin为状语从句的省略;hw he “chses” wrds fr a translatin为hw引导的宾语从句;hw they“chse” what Mr.Darcy,the main character in the nvel Pride and Prejudice,lks like为hw引导的宾语从句,the main character in the nvel Pride and Prejudice作同位语;when reading it为状语从句的省略。
译文:当被问及如何为翻译 “选择” 词汇时,著名翻译家达米恩·瑟尔斯将其比作问读者在阅读《傲慢与偏见》时如何 “选择” 主角达西先生的形象。