高考英语 重难点专项突破练习卷10 高频名词、动词的僻义 导学案含答案

这是一份高考英语 重难点专项突破练习卷10 高频名词、动词的僻义 导学案含答案，共14页。
核【核心知识·深度解读】
熟词生义是高考英语阅读理解、完形填空和语法填空中的常见难点。所谓“熟词生义”，是指一些学生熟悉的单词，在特定语境中考查其不常见、甚至完全陌生的含义。近三年真题显示，命题人倾向于从高频词汇中选取生僻义项，考查学生在语境中推断词义的能力。
1. 熟词生义产生的原因：
● 词义演变：单词在长期使用中衍生出新义（如：virus原指病毒，现也指计算机病毒）
● 一词多性：同一单词用作不同词性时意义不同（如：bk名词“书”，动词“预订”）
● 文化引申：特定文化背景下产生的特殊含义（如：table动词“搁置”）
2. 高考高频熟词生义（约30组）：
3. 解题策略：
● 结合上下文逻辑推断词义
● 注意单词的词性变化
● 积累常见熟词生义，制作个人词汇本
题型：根据语境写出画线单词的汉语意思或选择正确释义
【语篇一 · 生活故事】（写出画线单词在句中的汉语意思）
Last week, I decided t bk (①________) a table at a new restaurant. When I arrived, I was surprised t see that the restaurant was in an ld building that had weathered (②________) many strms. The wner, a retired teacher, addressed (③________) the guests with a warm welcme. He explained that he had always wanted t run a restaurant, and nw his dream had landed (④________). Hwever, running a business came with great weight (⑤________) f respnsibility. He had t meet (⑥________) strict health standards and manage a team f yung cks. One f them, a yung man named Tm, was particularly talented. He culd spring (⑦________) int actin whenever an rder came in. The wner nted (⑧________) that Tm had a bright future. During the meal, I struck (⑨________) up a cnversatin with a cuple at the next table. They tld me they had just returned frm a trip t the desert (⑩________), where they had seen amazing landscapes. After dinner, I paid the bill with a 50-pund nte (⑪________). The waiter asked if I needed t page (⑫________) smene fr a ride hme. I declined and decided t walk. On my way, I passed (⑬________) a small park where children were playing. I thught abut hw imprtant it is t save (⑭________) time fr relaxatin. Life is nt just abut wrk; we need rm (⑮________) fr jy. As I apprached my apartment, an idea struck (⑯________) me: I shuld invite my friends ver fr a hme-cked meal. I rang (⑰________) them immediately. They were all present (⑱________) and agreed t cme. I was glad I had taken the time t reach ut. It's true that small gestures can bridge (⑲________) gaps between peple. After all, we all need t stand (⑳________) tgether.
①________ ②________ ③________ ④________ ⑤________ ⑥________ ⑦________ ⑧________ ⑨________ ⑩________ ⑪________ ⑫________ ⑬________ ⑭________ ⑮________ ⑯________ ⑰________ ⑱________ ⑲________ ⑳________
【语篇二 · 职场风云】（从A、B两个选项中选择正确的释义）
When I first jined the cmpany, I was asked t chair (㉑ A.椅子 B.主持) a team meeting. I felt nervus, but I knew I had t address (㉒ A.地址 B.处理) the challenges ahead. Our prject had hit a rugh patch, and we needed t weather (㉓ A.天气 B.经受住) the difficulties. My bss had grunded (㉔ A.地面 B.禁止外出) me frm taking n extra tasks until the prject was stable. I had t meet (㉕ A.遇见 B.满足) tight deadlines. One clleague suggested we table (㉖ A.桌子 B.搁置) the prpsal until we had mre data. Anther argued that we shuld strike (㉗ A.打击 B.罢工) while the irn was ht. I decided t present (㉘ A.礼物 B.呈现) ur ideas t senir management. They were impressed and nted (㉙ A.笔记 B.注意) ur effrts. After the meeting, I felt a great weight (㉚ A.重量 B.重担) lifted ff my shulders. My clleague remarked that I had landed (㉛ A.陆地 B.获得) a significant achievement. I replied that I culdn't have dne it withut their supprt. We all need rm (㉜ A.房间 B.空间) t grw. That evening, I rang (㉝ A.戒指 B.打电话) my family t share the gd news. They were all present (㉞ A.礼物 B.出席) at dinner and celebrated with me. My father, wh had weathered (㉟ A.天气 B.经受住) many strms in his wn career, ffered wise advice. He said, “Always save (㊱ A.拯救 B.节省) time fr learning.” I tk his wrds t heart. Nw, I make sure t spring (㊲ A.春天 B.跳跃) int actin when pprtunities arise. I als try t bridge (㊳ A.桥 B.弥合) gaps between team members. It's amazing hw much we can achieve when we stand (㊴ A.站立 B.忍受) tgether. I hpe t cntinue grwing and ne day chair (㊵ A.椅子 B.主持) a majr prject.
㉑________ ㉒________ ㉓________ ㉔________ ㉕________ ㉖________ ㉗________ ㉘________ ㉙________ ㉚________ ㉛________ ㉜________ ㉝________ ㉞________ ㉟________ ㊱________ ㊲________ ㊳________ ㊴________ ㊵________
【语篇三 · 科技前沿】（用所给单词的适当形式填空，注意熟词生义）
The tech startup I wrk fr has ㊶________ (weather) many challenges since its funding. Our CEO, a visinary leader, ften ㊷________ (address) industry cnferences. Last year, he ㊸________ (chair) a panel n AI ethics. He ㊹________ (nte) that technlgy must serve humanity, nt replace it. One f ur prjects ㊺________ (land) a majr cntract with a healthcare prvider. We are develping sftware that can ㊻________ (bridge) the gap between dctrs and patients. Hwever, we ㊼________ (meet) with sme resistance frm traditinalists. Sme argue that we shuld ㊽________ (table) the prject fr further review. But ur team believes we must ㊾________ (strike) while the irn is ht. We have ㊿________ (grund) ur arguments in slid research. The 51.________ (weight) f evidence supprts ur apprach. We als need t 52.________ (save) csts by using efficient algrithms. There is n 53.________ (rm) fr errr in this field. An idea recently 54.________ (spring) t mind: we culd cllabrate with universities. I 55.________ (ring) a prfessr I knw t discuss it. She was enthusiastic and agreed t 56.________ (present) ur wrk t her students. This cllabratin culd 57.________ (bk) us a place in the academic cmmunity. We must 58.________ (stand) the test f time. If we succeed, we will have 59.________ (weather) anther strm and emerged strnger. The future lks bright, and we are ready t 60.________ (head) in the right directin.
㊶________ ㊷________ ㊸________ ㊹________ ㊺________ ㊻________ ㊼________ ㊽________ ㊾________ ㊿________ 51.________ 52.________ 53.________ 54.________ 55.________ 56.________ 57.________ 58.________ 59.________ 60.________
【单句强化 · 20题】（写出画线单词的汉语意思）
61. He was fined fr parking in a n-parking zne. ________
62. She heads the research department at the university. ________
63. The cmpany is mining data t imprve its services. ________
64. Please page Dr. Chen; there's an emergency. ________
65. He passed the ball t his teammate just in time. ________
66. The lan carries a high rate f interest. ________
67. Many prblems remain t be slved. ________
68. He runs a ht dg stand near the statin. ________
69. The wrkers decided t strike fr better pay. ________
70. He trains service dgs fr the blind. ________
71. Watch yur step; the flr is wet. ________
72. The desert can be a harsh envirnment. ________
73. She bked tw tickets fr the cncert. ________
74. The ld building has weathered many strms. ________
75. He addressed the crwd with cnfidence. ________
76. She landed a prmtin after years f hard wrk. ________
77. The weight f respnsibility fell n his shulders. ________
78. He nted the changes in the dcument. ________
79. An idea struck me while I was shwering. ________
80. We need t bridge the gap between thery and practice. ________
61.________ 62.________ 63.________ 64.________ 65.________ 66.________ 67.________ 68.________ 69.________ 70.________ 71.________ 72.________ 73.________ 74.________ 75.________ 76.________ 77.________ 78.________ 79.________ 80.________
? 参考答案与解析（教师批阅专用·80题）
① 预订 —— bk动词，预订。
② 经受住 —— weather动词，经受住。
③ 向...讲话/致辞 —— address动词，致辞。
④ 实现/获得 —— land动词，获得。
⑤ 重担 —— weight名词，重担。
⑥ 满足 —— meet动词，满足。
⑦ 跳跃/迅速行动 —— spring动词，迅速行动。
⑧ 注意/指出 —— nte动词，指出。
⑨ 开始/发起 —— strike动词，strike up开始（交谈）。
⑩ 沙漠 —— desert名词，沙漠。
⑪ 纸币 —— nte名词，纸币。
⑫ 传呼/呼叫 —— page动词，传呼。
⑬ 经过 —— pass动词，经过。
⑭ 节省 —— save动词，节省。
⑮ 空间 —— rm名词，空间。
⑯ 突然想到 —— strike动词，突然想到。
⑰ 打电话 —— ring动词，打电话。
⑱ 在场的/出席的 —— present形容词，出席的。
⑲ 弥合 —— bridge动词，弥合。
⑳ 团结/站在一起 —— stand动词，站在一起/团结。
㉑ B —— chair动词，主持。
㉒ B —— address动词，处理。
㉓ B —— weather动词，经受住。
㉔ B —— grund动词，禁止外出。
㉕ B —— meet动词，满足。
㉖ B —— table动词，搁置。
㉗ B —— strike动词，strike while the irn is ht 趁热打铁。
㉘ B —— present动词，呈现/提出。
㉙ B —— nte动词，注意/指出。
㉚ B —— weight名词，重担。
㉛ B —— land动词，获得。
㉜ B —— rm名词，空间。
㉝ B —— ring动词，打电话。
㉞ B —— present形容词，出席的。
㉟ B —— weather动词，经受住。
㊱ B —— save动词，节省。
㊲ B —— spring动词，迅速行动。
㊳ B —— bridge动词，弥合。
㊴ A —— stand动词，站在一起。
㊵ B —— chair动词，主持。
㊶ weathered —— 经受住。
㊷ addresses —— 向...演讲。
㊸ chaired —— 主持。
㊹ nted —— 指出。
㊺ landed —— 获得。
㊻ bridge —— 弥合。
㊼ met —— 遇到（meet with遭遇）。
㊽ table —— 搁置。
㊾ strike —— 趁热打铁。
㊿ grunded —— 基于。
51. weight —— 分量/重要性。
52. save —— 节省。
53. rm —— 空间/余地。
54. sprang —— 突然想到。
55. rang —— 打电话。
56. present —— 呈现/介绍。
57. bk —— 预订/获得。
58. stand —— 经受住（stand the test f time）。
59. weathered —— 经受住。
60. head —— 朝...方向前进。
61. 罚款 —— fine动词。
62. 领导 —— head动词。
63. 挖掘/开采 —— mine动词。
64. 呼叫 —— page动词。
65. 传球 —— pass动词。
66. 利息 —— interest名词。
67. 有待 —— remain动词。
68. 摊位 —— stand名词。
69. 罢工 —— strike动词。
70. 训练 —— train动词。
71. 注意 —— watch动词。
72. 沙漠 —— desert名词。
73. 预订 —— bk动词。
74. 经受住 —— weather动词。
75. 向...讲话 —— address动词。
76. 获得 —— land动词。
77. 重担 —— weight名词。
78. 注意/指出 —— nte动词。
79. 突然想到 —— strike动词。
80. 弥合 —— bridge动词。
引导学生建立“熟词生义”笔记本，将平时阅读中遇到的生僻义记录下来。在完形填空中，如果常见义讲不通，要果断考虑生僻义。可以设计“一词多义”思维导图，帮助学生构建词汇网络。
单词
常见义
生僻义
例句
address
地址
演讲；处理
The president will address the natin. / We need t address this issue.
bk
书
预订
I bked a table fr tw.
weather
天气
经受住
The cmpany weathered the financial crisis.
chair
椅子
主持
Prfessr Li chaired the meeting.
desert
沙漠
抛弃
He deserted his family.
fine
好的
罚款
He was fined fr speeding.
grund
地面
理由；使停飞
He has gd grunds fr cmplaint. / The plane was grunded.
head
头
朝...方向前进；领导
We headed fr the airprt. / He heads the department.
interest
兴趣
利益；利息
He acted in the public interest. / The lan carries high interest.
land
陆地
获得；着陆
He landed a gd jb. / The plane landed safely.
meet
遇见
满足
This meets ur requirements.
mine
我的
采矿
Gld is mined in this area.
miss
想念；错过
小姐
Miss Smith is ur teacher.
nte
笔记
注意；纸币
Please nte the changes. / He paid with a 10-pund nte.
page
页
传呼
Please page Dr. Smith.
park
公园
停车
Dn't park here.
pass
通过
传球；去世
He passed the ball. / His grandfather passed away.
present
礼物；现在
呈现；出席
He presented his idea. / All students are present.
rate
比率
评价；认为
He is rated as a gd teacher.
remain
保持
遗留；有待
Many prblems remain t be slved.
ring
戒指；铃声
打电话
I'll ring yu later.
rm
房间
空间
There's n rm fr dubt.
save
拯救
节省；储蓄
This saves time. / He saves mney every mnth.
spring
春天；弹簧
涌现；跳跃
Tears sprang frm her eyes.
stand
站立
忍受；摊位
I can't stand the nise. / He runs a ht dg stand.
strike
打击
罢工；突然想到
The wrkers struck. / An idea struck me.
table
桌子
搁置；提交
The prpsal was tabled.
train
火车
训练
He trains dgs.
watch
手表
观看；注意
Watch yur step.
weight
重量
重担；重要性
The weight f respnsibility fell n him.