高考英语二轮-阅读理解之推理判断题攻略（重难专练）（全国通用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解之推理判断题攻略（重难专练）（全国通用）（教师版），共36页。试卷主要包含了逻辑关系推理法，情感态度追踪法，篇章结构预测法，代词指代与词汇关联法等内容，欢迎下载使用。

【考点统计】
【命题趋势】
推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括以下几种：隐含推断题、观点态度题、写作手法题、写作意图题、文章出处/类别题和作者身份/读者对象题。
考点一：考查隐含推断——据文推理法
【设题特点】
隐含推断题的答案无法通过关键词直接定位或简单同义替换找到，要求考生根据文中的信息进行合理的、适度的逻辑推导、综合判断或合理延伸，推断出作者没有直接说明的内容，可能会发生的事情，理解作者的言外之意等。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解关键词句的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。此类题目的题干主要包括六个动词：infer (推断)，indicate (象征、暗示)，imply (暗示)，suggest (暗示)，cnclude (得出结论)和assume (假定、设想)。
【思维导图】
【典例1】(2025全国高考I卷)
But things were different fr their first essay, which was abut the questin: “Why is writing imprtant?” Mst f the essays filled less than ne page, and few cntained a sentence that culd be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shcked. Then I realized that the prblem was the questin itself. They culd have written pages n the necessity f cmputers, but writing, in and f itself, simply didn’t strike them as imprtant. This wuld have t change.
25. Why did the students perfrm prly in writing their first essay?
A. They were nt given enugh time.B. They had a very limited vcabulary.
C. They misunderstd the questin.D. They had little interest in the tpic.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Mst f the essays filled less than ne page, and few cntained a sentence that culd be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shcked. Then I realized that the prblem was the questin itself. They culd have written pages n the necessity f cmputers, but writing, in and f itself, simply didn’t strike them as imprtant.(大多数文章篇幅不足一页，几乎没有包含可被视为论点的句子。我感到震惊。随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容，但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要)”可推知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选D。
考点二：考查观点态度——忠于措辞法
【设题特点】
观点态度题考查考生对作者或文中人物主观立场、情感倾向和评价态度理解能力，作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，考生透过文字表面，捕捉隐含的情感色彩和价值判断。因此，在推断过程中应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。
【思维导图】
【典例2】(2025全国高考I卷)
I walked int class believing that writing is imprtant as a means f cmmunicatin. Hwever, my students demnstrated smething mre imprtant t me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbk full f messages abut writing’s mst pwerful significance — the ability t cnnect peple, t put us in anther’s skin, t teach us what it means t be human.
27. What des the authr’s experience shw?
A. Teaching is learning.B. Still waters run deep.
C. Knwledge is pwer.D. Practice makes perfect.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“I walked int class believing that writing is imprtant as a means f cmmunicatin. Hwever, my students demnstrated smething mre imprtant t me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbk full f messages abut writing’s mst pwerful significance — the ability t cnnect peple, t put us in anther’s skin, t teach us what it means t be human. (我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而，学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月的下课铃响起时，我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义：它能连接人与人，让我们换位思考，教会我们身为人类的真谛。)”结合全文内容可知，文章通过作者的教学经历，说明她在教导学生的同时，自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A“Teaching is learning(教学相长)”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得的新认识。故选A。
考点三：考查写作手法——行文逻辑法
【设题特点】
所谓写作手法题，就是针对某些段落、某些内容进行深入挖掘，判断其行文逻辑。最常考的写作手法是举例说明。考生应学会借助于语境关键词和特定术语作答。
通常不会直接使用“写作手法”这类术语，而是融入对文章结构、作者意图和文本特点的理解中。其设题特点主要体现在以下几个方面：
一、常见考查形式与设题角度：文章结构与组织方式；作者观点与意图；特定写作手法辨析；语言风格与基调。
二、 题目类型与选项特点：题型多为细节理解题、推理判断题或主旨大意题的变体，需结合全文逻辑作答。
选项特征：
正确选项往往概括性强，紧扣文章主线。干扰项常为：片面信息、过度引申、与作者态度相反、或脱离文本的主观臆断。选项语言抽象度高，需考生进行“文本特征→写作功能”的转换。
【思维导图】
【典例3】(2025全国高考I卷)
If yu’re amng the grups f peple wh are enjying the mental and physical health benefits f surrunding yurself with plants, dn’t beat yurself up if ne (r a few!) desn’t make it. “Dctrs practice medicine and lawyers practice law and yu shuld allw yurself the practice it takes t sustain a plant. Tending t plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care f it, but if it dies, g get anther ne,” Detrinidad says.
10. What des Detrinidad try t explain by mentining dctrs and lawyers?
A. The necessity f scial skills.B. The meaning f sustainability.
C. The imprtance f repeated effrts.D. The value f prfessinal pinins.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Dctrs practice medicine and lawyers practice law and yu shuld allw yurself the practice it takes t sustain a plant. Tending t plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care f it, but if it dies, g get anther ne,” Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad说：“医生需要不断实践医术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad通过类比医生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。
考点四：考查写作意图——文体特点法
【设题特点】
高考英语阅读理解中，利用文体特点法来推断写作意图是一种高层次的解题策略。各种文体的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的题。通常情况下，这类题目不仅考查对文本内容的理解，更考查对文章体裁的辨识以及不同文体固有写作目的的把握。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。其设题核心是：通过识别文章属于什么文体(体裁)，来推断作者最可能的写作意图或读者对象。
【思维导图】
【典例4】(2024新课标Ⅱ卷, D)
Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革).
In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will becme mre capable, mving frm the current generatin f “narrw-AI” t Artificial General Intelligence. Frm there, Campbell says, will cme Artificial Dminant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set ut t raise awareness f AI and its future nw—several decades befre these develpments are expected t take place. She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse.
Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI—the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders—s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it. She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity. We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with AI t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.
AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.
35. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T recmmend a bk n AI. B. T give a brief accunt f AI histry.
C. T clarify the definitin f AI. D. T hnr an utstanding AI expert.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catrina Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。
考点五：考查文章出处、类别——体裁内容法
【设题特点】
文章出处题是典型的“文体特点法”和“读者意识”的综合应用，要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材、功能及潜在读者来推断文章的出处或类别。写作对象推断题，要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的写作对象。其设题特点可以概括为：通过分析文本的形式特征、语言风格、内容深度和功能目的，推断其最可能出现的真实世界语境。
【思维导图】
【典例5】(2023新课标Ⅱ卷, C)
Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld...
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. ...
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect (才智), wealth r faith f the a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader...
28. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. An intrductin t a bk. B. An essay n the art f writing.
C. A guidebk t a museum. D. A review f mdern paintings.
【答案】A
【解析】文章出处题。根据第一段第一句“Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld.”以及第二段第一句中的“In this ‘bk f bk,’”可知，本文介绍了收录近三百件来自博物馆和世界各地收藏品的一本书。故选A。
考点六：考查下段预测——文末推断法
【设题特点】
高考英语阅读理解中的“下段预测题”，或称“文末推断题”，是考查学生把握文章逻辑结构、理解篇章发展脉络能力的典型题型。其设题核心在于：基于已知文本的逻辑走向、内容线索和文体特征，对文章后续可能的发展方向进行合理、有限度的预测。要求考生不仅理解已读内容，还要对文章的“未完成部分”进行符合逻辑的构思。
核心设问方式：
1.直接预测下段内容：
What is the authr likely t discuss in the next paragraph?
What will the paragraph fllwing the passage mst prbably discuss?
2.预测文章后续走向：
What might be talked abut in the fllwing part?
The authr will prbably talk abut ______ next.
【典例6】 (2023全国乙卷, C)
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
31. What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.
C. Table manners in the UK.D. Studies f big eaters
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.”(随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。)可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。
(建议用时：40分钟)
【类型一：高考真题推理判断题片段训练】
【片段01】(2024全国甲卷第31题)
【原文】Dctrs see up t 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allws fr basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want. ”
31. What is Ducke’s attitude tward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative. B. DubtfulC. Ambiguus.D. Cautius.
【答案】A
【解析】推断判断题。根据最后一段的“I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want. (“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，” Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。
【片段02】(2023年新高考I卷第35题)
【原文】In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
35. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
【片段03】(2023新高考I卷第28题)
【原文】The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
28. What is the bk aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Slving philsphical prblems.D. Prmting the use f a digital device.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
【片段04】(2022新高考I卷第21题)
【原文】 Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Grup Assignments (30%)
Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments (作业) during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)
…
Late Wrk
…
21. Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A. A textbk.B. An exam paper.C. A curse plan.D. An academic article.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。根据文章标题“Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade f fr this curse (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C。
【片段05】(2024新课标I卷第27题)
【原文】Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time, and if the past is any indicatin, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700. “Smetimes it surprises me that it wrks s well,” he says. “I will d anything t help an animal. That’s my jb.”
27. Why des the authr mentin the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin?
A. T prve Farber’s pint. B. T emphasize its imprtance.
C. T praise veterinarians. D. T advcate animal prtectin.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time, and if the past is any indicatin, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700. (法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。
【片段06】(2024新课标I卷第31题)
Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.
31. What des the authr imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students shuld apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers shuld prduce their wn teaching material.
C. Print texts cannt be entirely replaced in educatin.
D. Educatin utside the classrm cannt be ignred.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。
【类型二：高考真题推理判断题语篇训练】
(2025全国高考I卷 D)
【原文】Micrplastics have becme a cmmn surce f pllutin acrss the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas, stuck inside vlcanic rcks, filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw. They are even appearing inside humans.
Nw, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level f micrplastics in water frm yur tap (水龙头): biling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Envirnmental Science & Technlgy Letters, researchers frm China fund that biling tap water fr just five minutes — then filtering it after it cls — culd remve at least 80 percent f its micrplastics.
Crucially, this prcess relies n the water cntaining enugh calcium carbnate (碳酸钙) t trap the plastics. In the study, biling hard water cntaining 300 milligrams f calcium carbnate led t an almst 90 percent drp in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams f calcium carbnate, biling reduced the level f plastics by just 25 percent. Additinally, the research didn’t include all types f plastics. The team fcused nly n three cmmn types — plystyrene, plyethylene and plyprpylene — and they didn’t study ther chemicals previusly fund in water such as vinyl chlride.
Still, the findings shw a ptential path frward fr reducing micrplastic expsure — a task that’s becming increasingly difficult. Even bttled water, scientists fund earlier this year, cntains 10 t 1,000 times mre micrplastics than riginally thught.
Scientists are still trying t determine hw harmful micrplastics are — but what they d knw has raised cncerns. The new study suggests biling tap water culd be a tl t limit intake. “The way they demnstrated hw micrplastics were trapped thrugh the biling prcess was nice,” Carline Gauchtte-Lindsay, an envirnmental engineer f the University f Glasgw in Sctland wh was nt invlved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We shuld be lking int upgrading drinking water treatment plants s they remve micrplastics.”
32. Hw des the authr present the issue in the first paragraph?
A. By quting an expert.B. By defining a cncept.
C. By giving examples.D. By prviding statistics.
33. What determines the effectiveness f trapping micrplastics in water?
A. The hardness f water.B. The length f cling time.
C. The frequency f filtering.D. The type f plastic in water.
34. What des the authr try t illustrate by mentining bttled water in paragraph 4?
A. The imprtance f plastic recycling.B. The severity f the micrplastic prblem.
C. The danger in verusing pure water.D. The difficulty in treating plluted water.
35. What is Gauchtte-Lindsay’s suggestin abut?
A. Chice f new research methds.B. Pssible directin fr further study.
C. Need t invlve mre researchers.D. Ptential applicatin f the findings.
【答案】32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。
32. C 推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Micrplastics have becme a cmmn surce f pllutin acrss the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas, stuck inside vlcanic rcks, filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw. They are even appearing inside humans.(微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类身体里。)”可推断，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。
33. A 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Crucially, this prcess relies n the water cntaining enugh calcium carbnate (碳酸钙) t trap the plastics. In the study, biling hard water cntaining 300 milligrams f calcium carbnate led t an almst 90 percent drp in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams f calcium carbnate, biling reduced the level f plastics by just 25 percent.(至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来捕获塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量。)”可知，决定在水中捕获微塑料的有效性的事水的硬度。故选A。
34. B 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Still, the findings shw a ptential path frward fr reducing micrplastic expsure—a task that’s becming increasingly difficult. Even bttled water, scientists fund earlier this year, cntains 10 t 1,000 times mre micrplastics than riginally thught. (尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径—这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的““The way they demnstrated hw micrplastics were trapped thrugh the biling prcess was nice,” Carline Gauchtte-Lindsay, an envirnmental engineer f the University f Glasgw in Sctland wh was nt invlved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We shuld be lking int upgrading drinking water treatment plants s they remve micrplastics.”(格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师卡罗琳·高肖特-林赛(Carline Gauchtte-Lindsay)没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示的微塑料是如何通过煮沸过程被捕获的方式很好。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，这样它们就能去除微塑料。”)”可知，Gauchtte-Lindsay提出了这项发现的潜在应用，升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。
(2025全国高考II卷 D)
Des yur sul die a little every time yu thrw away unused fd? Mine des. Maybe that feeling cmes frm grwing up in Suth Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was mre f an uncmfrtable reminder f fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Fd waste is a grwing cncern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. Frm technlgical slutins t educatinal campaigns, fd prducers and sellers are lking fr ways t use mre f what we’re already grwing. But last mnth, ne ppular New Yrk City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu t exclusively (专门) ffer fd that wuld therwise be thrwn away.
Fr tw weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste.
A study by the Fd Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 punds f fd waste fr every S1,000 in revenue (收入), and f that waste nly 15.7% is dnated r recycled. Up t 84.3% is simply thrwn ut. Restaurants like Sil in the UK have experimented with zer-waste systems, but wastED tk the cncept t its lgical cnclusin.
It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine.
Thugh wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed frm the start as a shrt-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned t its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways t address prblems f sustainability, and that yu can make an amazing meal ut f almst anything.
32. What can be inferred abut the authr’s early life?
A. He witnessed fd shrtage.B. He enjyed the lcal cuisine.
C. He dnated fd t Africans.D. He helped t ck at hme.
33. Why did Blue Hill carry ut the experiment?
A. T custmize dishes fr guests.B. T make the public aware f fd waste.
C. T test a fd prcessing methd.D. T imprve the UK’s zer-waste systems.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Why the ingredients were used.B. Which dishes were best liked.
C. What the dishes were made f.D. Where the ingredients were bught.
35. What can we learn abut wastED?
A. It has ended as planned.B. It is creating new jbs.
C. It has regained ppularity.D. It is criticized by tp chefs.
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. C 35. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。
32. A 推理判断题。根据第一段“Maybe that feeling cmes frm grwing up in Suth Africa where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was mre f an uncmfrtable reminder f fact than a prayer at dinner time. (也许这种感觉来自于在南非长大，在那里，“非洲还有孩子在挨饿”这句话更像是一个令人不安的事实提醒，而不是晚餐时的祈祷。)” 可知，作者在南非长大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，由此可推断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。
33. B 细节理解题。根据第三段“Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste. (每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识。)”可知，Blue Hill 餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。
34. C 主旨大意题。根据第五段“It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine. (值得注意的是，从技术上讲，《浪费》的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉块和农产品。羽衣甘蓝排骨、鱼领、被拒绝的红薯和黄瓜尾部等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的帮助下，变成了美味的菜肴。)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝肋、鱼颈肉、被拒收的红薯和黄瓜尾等，所以该段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。故选C。
35. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thugh wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed frm the start as a shrt-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned t its regular menu. (尽管wastED获得了热烈的评价，但它从一开始就被设计成一个短暂的实验；此后，蓝山餐厅恢复了常规菜单。)”可知，wastED从一开始就被设计为短期实验，现在Blue Hill 餐厅已恢复常规菜单，从而推断，它已经按计划结束了。故选A。
【类型三：推理判断题名校好题调研】
【调研1】(2026·福建·一模) In a Nvember 1984 stry fr Technlgy Review, Carlyn Sumners, head f astrnmy at the Hustn Museum f Natural Science, described hw tys, games, and even amusement park rides culd change hw yung minds view science and math. Sumners nted, a y-y can be used t bserve the frces n a rller caster. Even a simple ball ffers insights int the laws f gravity.
While Sumners cncentrated n physics, she was nt smething bigger. Over the last several decades, evidence has emerged that childhd play can shape ur future selves: the skills we develp, the prfessins we chse, ur sense f self-wrth, and even ur relatinships.
Accrding t Jacqueline Harding, a child develpment expert and authr f The Brain That Lves t Play, “If yu invest time in play, which helps with rganizatinal skills, decisin-making, tughness — all thse things — then it’s ging t guide yu int a much mre safe, secure space in the future.”
Sumners cncentrated mstly n hard skills, the scientific knwledge that tys and games can help develp. But there are sft skills, t, like creativity, prblem-slving, teamwrk, and empathy.
“The kinds f playthings, r play activities, that really prduce creative thught,” she says, “are natural materials, with n defined end t them — like clay, paint, water, and mud — s that there is n right r wrng way f playing with it.”
Playing is by definitin vluntary, and gal-free; it invlves taking risks, testing bundaries, and experimenting. The best kind f play results in jyful discvery, and alng the way, the building blcks f innvatin and persnal develpment take shape. But in the decades since Sumners wrte her stry, the landscape f play has shifted cnsiderably. Recent research suggests that digital games and virtual play dn’t appear t facilitate the same develpmental benefits as physical games and utdr play.
“The brain lves the rewards that are cming frm digital media,” says Harding. But in screen-based play, “yu’re nt getting that independence.” The lack f physical interactin als cncerns her: “It is the quality f human face-t-face interactin, eye-t-eye lk, and mutual engagement in a play activity that really makes a difference.”
1. What can be inferred frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. The educatinal value f a y-y is limited t physics.
B. Play’s influence n career chice was knwn in the 1980s.
C. Sumners accurately predicted the brad impact f play.
D. Sumners’ primary interest was in children’s mental health.
2. What functin des paragraph 3 serve?
A. T back up a statement.B. T clarify a cncept.
C. T ffer an explanatin.D. T make a predictin
3. What is Sumners’ attitude twards digital games?
A. Disapprving.B. Favrable.C. Cautius.D. Unclear.
4. What des Harding emphasize as a key t play?
A. Jyful discvery.B. Physical interactin.
C. Persnal develpment.D. Screen-based independence.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以 1984 年 Carlyn Sumners 关于玩具、游戏对青少年理科思维影响的观点为切入点，通过儿童发展专家 Jacqueline Harding 的研究，论证了童年玩耍对个人硬技能(科学知识)和软技能(创造力、同理心等)发展的重要性，并对比了传统玩耍与数字游戏在促进个人成长方面的差异。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“In a Nvember 1984 stry fr Technlgy Review, Carlyn Sumners, head f astrnmy at the Hustn Museum f Natural Science, described hw tys, games, and even amusement park rides culd change hw yung minds view science and math.(在 1984 年 11 月为《技术评论》撰写的报道中，休斯敦自然科学博物馆的天文学部门负责人Carlyn Sumners描述了玩具、游戏以及甚至游乐园的游乐设施如何能够改变年轻人对科学和数学的看法。)”和第二段中的“While Sumners cncentrated n physics, she was nt smething bigger. Over the last several decades, evidence has emerged that childhd play can shape ur future selves: the skills we develp, the prfessins we chse, ur sense f self-wrth, and even ur relatinships.(虽然Sumners专注于物理学领域，但她发现了更具深远意义的东西。在过去的几十年里，有证据表明，童年时期的玩耍能够塑造我们未来的自我：包括我们培养的技能、选择的职业、自我价值感，甚至是人际关系)可推断，第一段中 Sumners 提出玩具、游戏等能改变青少年对理科的认知，第二段说明尽管她当时主要关注物理学领域，但她的观点触及了更广泛的层面 —— 后续研究证实了玩耍对个人技能、职业、自我价值等多方面的影响。由此可推断，Sumners 的观点准确预测了玩耍的广泛影响。故选C项。
2. 推理判断题。第二段的“Over the last several decades, evidence has emerged that childhd play can shape ur future selves: the skills we develp, the prfessins we chse, ur sense f self-wrth, and even ur relatinships. (在过去的几十年里，有证据表明，童年时期的玩耍能够塑造我们未来的自我：包括我们培养的技能、选择的职业、自我价值感，甚至是人际关系)”提出“童年游戏能塑造未来自我”的观点，第三段中“If yu invest time in play, which helps with rganizatinal skills, decisin-making, tughness — all thse things — then it’s ging t guide yu int a much mre safe, secure space in the future.(如果你投入时间在游戏上，这有助于培养组织能力、决策能力、韧性——所有这些东西——然后它会将引导你在未来进入一个更安全、更有保障的空间)”可知，第三段是通过专家观点佐证第二段的核心观点。故选A项。
3. 推理判断题。根据第五段“The kinds f playthings, r play activities, that really prduce creative thught,” she says, “are natural materials, with n defined end t them — like clay, paint, water, and mud — s that there is n right r wrng way f playing with it.(真正能产生创造性思维的玩具或游戏活动，是那些没有明确结局的天然材料——比如黏土、颜料、水和泥巴——这样玩起来就没有对错之分)”可知，萨默斯强调天然材料类游戏的价值，由此推断她对数字游戏持不赞同态度。故选A项。
4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The lack f physical interactin als cncerns her: “It is the quality f human face-t-face interactin, eye-t-eye lk, and mutual engagement in a play activity that really makes a difference.” (缺乏身体互动也让她担忧：“真正起作用的是人与人之间面对面交流、眼神交流以及在游戏活动中相互参与的质量。”)”可知，哈丁强调身体互动是游戏的关键。故选B项。
【调研2】(2025·广东佛山·一模)There’s a mment in human cnnectin that’s hard t describe — that sudden, electric feeling when yu meet smene and feel yur minds merge. Where des that spark cme frm, exactly? What makes smene feel like a lifelng friend after just a small talk?
Peple tend t assume it’s similarity — that they are especially likely t hit it ff with smene wh shares their backgrund r persnality traits. But in ur research we’ve fund that many f the strngest bnds cme less frm existing similarity and mre frm riffing (即兴交流) playfully. In such mments, peple create a little wrld that belngs just t them, a prcess we call “building a shared reality”.
And yet, ur culture’s cnversatinal rituals revlve nt arund playful c-creatin but arund exchanging frmalities. Cnsider the small talk classic: “Hw was yur weekend?” “Gd. Just watched TV. Yu?” The cnversatin prceeds predictably. “Tk my dg t the park, since it was s nice.” “Oh, I have a dg, t. What kind is yurs?” “A lab mix. He’s 3...” Bth parties walk away with infrmatin but still wrlds apart. They may think they’re playing it safe, but that safety traps them in discnnectin.
Instead, if these tw peple stray frm the script and riff ff each ther, they may begin t feel that spark f genuine cnnectin. It’s like being a kid again: Kids skip the bring small talk and jump straight int play. “Hw was yur weekend?” “Gd, but I spent t much time watching peple make tiny fd n TikTk.” “Wha, like…dllhuse-size?” “Yes. If yu want t learn t make ndles in a bttle cap, let me knw.” “That’s amazing. We culd rganize a tiny fd party — and all the dishes culd fit n this caster!” “We’d need tiny furniture, t. Shuld we ask that guy ver there t build it?” Mments like these can make tw strangers suddenly feel like c-creatrs f a shared wrld.
Riffing desn’t require being naturally funny, just being attentive and embracing spntaneity. Like any cnversatinal skill, it takes practice. When riffing, speakers resist the urge t cunter every bservatin with their wn example, instead building bridges t new ideas.
Our aim f cnversatin, then, is nt merely t exchange facts r surface-level similarities but t ask: “What culd we create tgether in this mment?”
1. What is the main factr that leads t a strng human cnnectin?
A. Having similar backgrunds.B. Sharing the same character traits.
C. Exchanging factual infrmatin.D. Engaging in c-creative interactin.
2. What des paragraph 3 suggest abut typical small talk in ur culture?
A. It allws peple t avid arguments.B. It leads t deeper misunderstandings.
C. It helps peple get t knw each ther.D. It ften fails t build real cnnectins.
3. Which f the fllwing cnversatins best illustrates “riffing”?
A. “Favrite mvie?” “Sci-fi, yu?” “Me t”.
B. “Hw’s yur new jb?” “Busy. Yu?” “Same rutine.”
C. “My plant lks s sad lately.” “We culd play it sme jazz.”
D. “I’m tired frm my beach vacatin.” “My ski trip was tiring t.”
4. What’s the mst suitable title fr the passage?
A. Sharing Interests is Key t UnderstandingB. Yu’re Prbably Ding Small Talk Wrng
C. The Best Way t Frm Lifelng FriendshipsD. Hw t impress Others in First Cnversatins
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了即兴交流在建立深厚人际关系中的重要性，批评了传统小谈话的局限性，并强调了共同创造在连接中的核心作用。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But in ur research we’ve fund that many f the strngest bnds cme less frm existing similarity and mre frm riffing (即兴交流) playfully. In such mments, peple create a little wrld that belngs just t them, a prcess we call “building a shared reality”.(但在我们的研究中发现，许多最为牢固的人际纽带，与其说源自彼此既有的相似之处，倒不如说更多源于趣味盎然的即兴交流。在这样的时刻，人们会创造出一个专属于他们的小世界，我们将这一过程称为“构建共同现实”)”可知，导致强烈人际联系的主要因素是参与共同创造的互动。故选D。
2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Bth parties walk away with infrmatin but still wrlds apart. They may think they’re playing it safe, but that safety traps them in discnnectin.(双方交谈后虽都获取了信息，但彼此间依旧隔阂重重。他们或许认为自己只是在稳妥行事，然而这种“稳妥”却使他们陷入了彼此疏离的境地)”可推知，我们文化中的典型小谈话往往无法建立真正的联系。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Instead, if these tw peple stray frm the script and riff ff each ther, they may begin t feel that spark f genuine cnnectin.(相反，如果这两个人偏离剧本，即兴发挥，相互配合，他们可能会开始感受到那种真正联系的火花)”以及下文对话示例可知，riffing指的是即兴、富有创造性的对话。C选项““My plant lks s sad lately.” “We culd play it sme jazz.”(“我的植物最近看起来很沮丧。”“我们可以给它放点爵士乐。”)”最符合riffing的定义，因为它体现了即兴和创造性的交流。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。根据文章内容，第一段的“What makes smene feel like a lifelng friend after just a small talk? (是什么让一个人在仅仅一次简短的交谈后就感觉像是结识了多年的老友？)”，特别是第三段和第四段的对比，以及最后一段“Our aim f cnversatin, then, is nt merely t exchange facts r surface-level similarities but t ask: “What culd we create tgether in this mment?”(那么，我们交谈的目的不仅仅是交换事实或表面上的相似之处，而是要问：“此时此刻，我们能够共同创造什么？”)”可知，文章主要讨论了传统小谈话的局限性，并强调了即兴交流在建立深厚人际关系中的重要性。B选项“Yu’re Prbably Ding Small Talk Wrng (你可能做错了小谈话)”最符合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B。
模块说明：
聚焦于需要熟练并综合运用技巧的中高难度题目，争夺关键分数。
1. 题量：5-8道。标注明确的限时要求(如：10分钟)。(难点较多的题量可适当放宽)
2. 选题：以高考真题和模拟题为主，题目应综合性强、情境新颖，或设有经典陷阱，旨在促使学生灵活、快速地调用所学技巧，实现分数突破。
3.选题说明：出处选高考真题和高考模拟题。模拟题选教育发达省份、名校、大市等联考的模拟。不选高一高二的模拟题。不标出处，好题放在前面。
4.出处：如2025教育发达地区的模考题和高考真题需要在试题前面增加出处。原创题在前面写上(原创)。参考1.2题样式
5.目前是按照难度分层的，建议从试题选取、考点划分、题型等方面突出难度分层
(建议用时：20分钟)
【抢分练1】（25-26高三上·江苏南通·月考）Mental Health Websites Teens’ Parents Can Explre
When it cmes t teen mental health, educatin is essential. Helping yur teens understand mental health can make them better equipped t understand their wn experiences. T get started, yu can explre tp websites designed t prvide accessible mental health resurces fr teens.
1. What d we knw abut 988 Lifeline?
A. It skips weekend services.B. It decreases yuth crimes.
C. It is privately initiated.D. It is disabled-friendly.
2. What d the three mental websites have in cmmn?
A. They prvide face-t-face help.B. They facilitate resurce access.
C. They ffer free vide curses.D. They need paid memberships.
3. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T recmmend reliable websites t adlescents.
B. T prmte affrdable psychlgical interventins.
C. T detail mental health-related websites.
D. T cmpare three mental health websites.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了三个可供青少年父母参考的心理健康网站，分别介绍了它们的特点、服务内容和适用场景。
1. 细节理解题。根据表格中“988 Lifeline”部分介绍的“It als ffers accessible ptins fr peple wh have difficulty in hearing r speaking.(该热线还为听障或言语障碍人士提供无障碍选择)”可知，该热线对残障人士友好。故选D。
2. 推理判断题。三个网站分别提供问答式心理健康支持、危机干预热线、以及免费心理健康博客与视频资源，共同特点是帮助青少年及其父母更方便地获取心理健康相关资源。根据文章首段“T get started, yu can explre tp websites designed t prvide accessible mental health resurces fr teens.(你可以从这些为青少年提供便捷心理健康资源的顶级网站开始探索)”可推知，它们都致力于促进资源的获取。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。文章通过表格形式详细介绍了三个心理健康网站的名称、简介和特点，目的是向读者具体说明这些网站的内容与功能。根据文章标题“Mental Health Websites Teens’ Parents Can Explre (青少年父母可探索的心理健康网站)”及全文结构可知，本文旨在详细描述几个与心理健康相关的网站。故选C。
【抢分练2】（25-26高三上·广东·月考）The sun hangs heavy ver central Iraq in the late afternn, painting the ruins f Babyln in heat and light. Dust rises frm the grund in sft cluds, creating a scene that seems lder than time itself. In this mment the city feels bth empty and timeless, its silence brken nly by the visitrs wh have cme t stand in the ftprints f kings.
Once, Babyln was the jewel f Mesptamia, the city that gave its name t entire eras — the Old, Middle, and New Babylnian perids. It was here where grand temples and palaces were built, and where pets and histrians imagined ne f the Seven Wnders f the Ancient Wrld: the Hanging Gardens. Ancient Greek and Rman writers described them as a green paradise (天堂), watered by artful pumps that lifted water frm the Euphrates River. Accrding t tales, Nebuchadnezzar, then King f Babyln, had them built fr his queen wh lnged fr the frested muntains f her hmeland.
Fr sme Iraqi archaelgists (考古学家), the gardens are mre than fairy tales. Sme believe the gardens were lcated near the city f Hillah, abut a tw-hur drive suth f the capital Baghdad, while thers pint t Nineveh, hundreds f miles t the nrth. Fr travelers, hwever, the debate hardly matters. Standing amng the ruins, it takes a gd imaginatin t think f the gardens that left n marks t fllw.
In recent times, cnservatin wrk has been carried ut t restre parts f Babyln. With the many challenges the site faces, it is ften individuals rather than institutins that keep Babyln’s stries alive. We met a 22-year-ld tur guide Hashem, wh was enthusiastic abut intrducing Iraqi histry t freigners. He graduated frm the University f Babyln with a degree in bimedical engineering, and after that he turned t turism, where his knwledge and cmmand f English came in handy.
Beynd its brken walls, Babyln cntinues t cast its spell. Visitrs cme and express admiratin, wndering hw the Hanging Gardens nce rse frm the desert plain. The ruins may be gne sme day, but the tales will live n.
1. Why des the writer describe the ruins f Babyln in paragraph 1?
A. T explain the reasns fr its destructin.B. T highlight its heavy bring atmsphere.
C. T create a cntrast with its splendid past.D. T express admiratin fr its great histry.
2. What d archaelgists disagree abut regarding the Hanging Gardens?
A. Its lcatin.B. Its rigin.C. Its designer.D. Its influence.
3. What des the authr want t shw by telling Hashem’s stry?
A. The restratin wrk prvides jb pprtunities.
B. Ordinary peple cntribute t preserving histry.
C. Turism is successful in areas with a rich culture.
D. The cuntry is in need f energetic yung peple.
4. What des the underlined phrase “cast its spell” in the last paragraph prbably mean?
A. Remain in ruins.B. Disappear ver time.C. Hld great charm.D. Make peple puzzled.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章描述了巴比伦古城如今的废墟景象，回顾了其辉煌历史(特别是空中花园)，探讨了考古学家的争议，并通过一位年轻导游的故事，展现了个体在传承历史记忆中的重要作用，最后点明这座古城虽已倾颓，但魅力与传说永存。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“The sun hangs heavy ver central Iraq in the late afternn, painting the ruins f Babyln in heat and light. Dust rises frm the grund in sft cluds, creating a scene that seems lder than time itself. In this mment the city feels bth empty and timeless (夕阳沉沉地挂在伊拉克中部上空，用炎热和光线描绘着巴比伦的废墟。尘土从地面以柔软的云团状升起，营造出一个似乎比时间本身更古老的场景。此刻这座城市感觉既空旷又永恒)”可知，作者详细描绘了巴比伦如今荒凉、空旷、古老的废墟景象。紧接着在第二段开头写道：“Once, Babyln was the jewel f Mesptamia, the city that gave its name t entire eras — the Old, Middle, and New Babylnian perids. (曾经，巴比伦是美索不达米亚的瑰宝，这座城市的名字定义了整个时代——古巴比伦、中巴比伦和新巴比伦时期。)”描述了它过去的辉煌。因此，作者在第一段的描写旨在与它辉煌的过去形成鲜明对比。故选C项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Fr sme Iraqi archaelgists (考古学家), the gardens are mre than fairy tales. Sme believe the gardens were lcated near the city f Hillah, abut a tw-hur drive suth f the capital Baghdad, while thers pint t Nineveh, hundreds f miles t the nrth. (对于一些伊拉克考古学家来说，这些花园不仅仅是童话。一些人认为花园位于首都巴格达以南约两小时车程的希拉市附近，而另一些人则指向北边数百英里外的尼尼微。)”可知，考古学家对于空中花园的具体地理位置持有不同看法，存在争议。故选A项。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“With the many challenges the site faces, it is ften individuals rather than institutins that keep Babyln’s stries alive. (面对遗址面临的诸多挑战，通常是个人而非机构让巴比伦的故事保持鲜活。)”以及随后作者引用的完整例子：“We met a 22-year-ld tur guide Hashem, wh was enthusiastic abut intrducing Iraqi histry t freigners. He graduated frm the University f Babyln with a degree in bimedical engineering, and after that he turned t turism, where his knwledge and cmmand f English came in handy. (我们遇到了一位22岁的导游哈什姆，他热衷于向外国人介绍伊拉克历史。他毕业于巴比伦大学，拥有生物医学工程学位，之后他转向旅游业，他的知识和英语能力在这里派上了用场。)”可知，作者讲述哈什姆的个人故事，是为了具体说明前文观点，即普通个体在保存和传承历史记忆方面发挥着关键作用。故选B项。
4. 词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句子“Beynd its brken walls, Babyln cntinues t cast its spell. Visitrs cme and express admiratin, wndering hw the Hanging Gardens nce rse frm the desert plain. (越过它破碎的城墙，巴比伦继续cast its spell。游客们纷至沓来，表达钦佩之情，惊叹空中花园是如何曾经从沙漠平原上拔地而起的。)”可知，“cast its spell”的直接结果是“游客们纷至沓来并表达钦佩”，因此该短语在语境中应表示巴比伦遗址依然具有强大的吸引力、迷惑力或魅力。故选C项。
【抢分练3】(2025年1月浙江高考 B)
When I was a child I was ften tld what nt t eat. “Yu dn’t want t get fat” was n cnstant repeat thrughut my childhd. It really messed up my relatinship with fd — smething that tk me years t vercme. Because f this, I’m careful nt t cnnect what my kids weigh with their wrth as peple. I encurage my daughter t make healthy snack chices and ften dissuade (劝阻) her frm a secnd dessert. But ne day when I heard her saying “I think I’m t fat,” my heart sank. It made me wnder if giving her advice n snacks was having an unintentinally negative impact.
Accrding t Charltte Markey, a prfessr f psychlgy, fd is ne f the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is mre. “There are s many things in parenting that are gd t talk thrugh, but I’m nt cnvinced that fd is ne f them,” she says. “It just creates sme wrries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.”
Instead, she recmmends applying a well-knwn cncept amng nutritin experts called the “Divisin f Respnsibility,” where parents prvide a variety f mstly healthy fds t their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and hw much they want t cnsume — even if that means ccasinally eating mre ckies than carrts.
Allwing kids t eat what they want als expses them t the natural cnsequences f their decisins. “When yur child says, ‘My stmach hurts,’ yu can say, ‘Well yu had a lt f sugary fds and yu might feel better if yu made sme ther chices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have sme cntrl ver it.”
I’ve been trying ut these strategies and I’ve fund that when I’m less restrictive, they d make better decisins. “Feeding is a lng game,” says Markey. “The fd yu have available makes a huge difference. Even if they dn’t eat it, they’ re seeing it. And then all f a sudden it clicks.”
24. What can be inferred abut the authr frm the first paragraph?
A. She is upset by her kids’ weight.B. She is critical f the way she was fed.
C. She is interested in making fd.D. She is particular abut what she eats.
25. Which f the fllwing wuld Markey disapprve f?
A. Allwing kids t eat ckies ccasinally.B. Offering varius fds t kids at fixed times.
C. Explaining t kids the risks f taking snacks.D. Talking with kids abut schl at mealtimes.
26. What shuld kids d accrding t the “Divisin f Respnsibility”?
A. Make diet decisins n their wn.B. Share their fd with ther kids.
C. Eat up what is prvided fr them.D. Help their parents d the dishes.
27. What des the authr think f the strategies she has been fllwing?
A. Cstly.B. Cmplex.C. Wrkable.D. Cntradictry.
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. A 27. C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者自己因童年时被灌输饮食观念而影响了与食物的关系，心理学家建议家长在饮食上少干预，作者尝试策略后发现孩子能做更好的饮食决策。
24. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“When I was a child I was ften tld what nt t eat. ‘Yu dn’t want t get fat’ was n cnstant repeat thrughut my childhd. It really messed up my relatinship with fd — smething that tk me years t vercme. (当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常被告知什么不能吃。“你不想变胖”这句话在我整个童年时期不断重复。这真的搞砸了我与食物的关系 —— 这是我花了多年时间才克服的问题)”可知，作者童年时被灌输的饮食观念对其产生了负面影响，由此可推断出，作者对自己童年时被喂养的方式持批判态度。故选B项。
25. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Accrding t Charltte Markey, a prfessr f psychlgy, fd is ne f the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is mre. ‘There are s many things in parenting that are gd t talk thrugh, but I’m nt cnvinced that fd is ne f them,’ she says. ‘It just creates sme wrries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.’ (根据心理学教授夏洛特·马基的说法，食物是为数不多的家长说得少反而更好的话题之一。“在育儿方面，有很多事情值得深入讨论，但我不认为食物是其中之一，”她说。“这只会给孩子们带来一些不必要的担忧和不安全感，这并不健康。”)”可知，马基不赞成家长和孩子过多谈论食物相关的话题，而向孩子解释吃零食的风险属于谈论食物的话题，所以马基不会赞成。故选C项。
26. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Instead, she recmmends applying a well knwn cncept amng nutritin experts called the ‘Divisin f Respnsibility,’ where parents prvide a variety f mstly healthy fds t their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and hw much they want t cnsume — even if that means ccasinally eating mre ckies than carrts. (相反，她建议应用营养专家中一个著名的概念，即‘责任划分’，在这个概念中，家长在固定的时间为孩子提供各种主要是健康的食物，而孩子自己决定想吃什么和吃多少 —— 即使这意味着偶尔吃的饼干比胡萝卜多)”可知，根据“责任划分”，孩子应该自己做饮食决策。故选A项。27. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I’ve been trying ut these strategies and I’ve fund that when I’m less restrictive, they d make better decisins. (我一直在尝试这些策略，我发现当我不那么严格限制时，他们确实会做出更好的决策)”可知，孩子们确实会做出更好的决策，所以作者会认为自己所遵循的策略是可行的。故选C项。
【抢分练4】(2025高考英语北京卷 B)
Thrughut ur Junir year, my classmates and I have been wrried abut what clleges will see when they lk at ur whle life stry reduced t a single 200-wrd essay. Will the glden wrd “success” frm in their minds when they review ur achievements? Or will they see the big wrd “fail” in red? The shadw f this mysterius (神秘的) institutin steals away what success means t us.
My first step f redefining success began with curse registratins. It is a well-knwn fact, especially in my schl, that Junir year is the time f packing many AP classes int the schedule. When asked why they chse s many AP classes, my friends respnded: “I dn’t knw.” They themselves dn’t knw why they are fllwing the crwd and lnging fr the pressures f academic difficulty. Therefre, they d nt feel the satisfactin f being academically challenged.
Cmpleting many curses n lnger brings ut the feeling f success because mre than fur AP classes per year is a nrm set by tp universities. Determined t fllw my instincts (本能) n what I felt success means, I nly chse tw classes that I knew I wuld enjy. The feeling f success was n lnger attached t what grade I received but t the pure jy f learning.
Even my failures are attached t a feeling f success; after I take a step back and lk at the big picture, I see them as a launching pad (平台) fr my next big achievement. In the ninth grade, I went in fr my first grup interview fr a leadership psitin as a shy girl. Nt standing a chance against cmpetitive applicants, I came ut f the interview with an upset lk. Nevertheless, this interview wasn’t a wasted pprtunity. I talked t ne f the senir applicants wh answered questins in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself.
This year, with an pen mind and new knwledge in mind, I walked int anther grup interview while telling myself I was that cl senir. I managed t secure a leadership psitin. Ultimately, success came little by little.
24. Thrughut the Junir year, what was the authr’s majr cncern?
A. Pressure frm chsing AP classes.B. Perfrmance in grup interviews.
C. Cmpetitin with senirs.D. Recgnitin by clleges.
25. The authr chse fewer AP classes because f _______.
A. her wn understanding f successB. her desire fr academic challenges
C. her strng urge t fllw the crwdD. her dream f entering a tp university
26. Which wuld best describe the authr’s first grup interview?
A. Dignifying.B. Rewarding.C. Engaging.D. Relaxing.
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Everyne is the maker f their wn success.B. Success favurs thse with a glden heart.
C. Success kncks at yur dr nly nce.D. A cllege hlds the key t success.
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在高三时对大学申请和成功定义的反思，不再盲目追随他人选择大量AP课程，而是基于个人兴趣选课，并从失败的小组面试中学习，通过自我调整最终获得领导职位。
24. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Thrughut ur Junir year, my classmates and I have been wrried abut what clleges will see when they lk at ur whle life stry reduced t a single 200-wrd essay. Will the glden wrd “success” frm in their minds when they review ur achievements? Or will they see the big wrd “fail” in red? (在整个高三期间，我和我的同学们一直担心，当大学将我们的整个人生故事浓缩成一篇200字的短文时，他们会看到什么。当他们回顾我们的成就时，脑海中会浮现出‘成功’这个金灿灿的词汇吗？还是会看到用红色标注的‘失败’这个醒目的大字？)”可知，作者在高三年级主要担心的是大学对他们的认可。故选D。
25. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Determined t fllw my instincts (本能) n what I felt success means, I nly chse tw classes that I knew I wuld enjy. (我决心追随自己对成功的直觉理解，只选择了两门我确信自己会喜欢的课程。)”可知，作者选择较少的AP课程是因为她自己对成功的理解。故选A。
26. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Nevertheless, this interview wasn’t a wasted pprtunity. I talked t ne f the senir applicants wh answered questins in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself. (然而，这次面试并不是一次浪费的机会。我和一位高年级的申请者交谈，她回答问题的方式反映了她对自己的信心。)”以及最后一段中“This year, with an pen mind and new knwledge in mind, I walked int anther grup interview while telling myself I was that cl senir. I managed t secure a leadership psitin. Ultimately, success came little by little. (今年，我带着开放的心态和新的知识，再次走进集体面试的现场，告诉自己我就是那位自信满满的高年级学生。最终，我成功获得了一个领导职位。成功，就这样一点点地向我走来。)”可知，作者认为第一次面试是有收获的，因为它让作者从中学到了东西，并影响了她后来的面试表现。故选B。
27. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第三段中“Determined t fllw my instincts (本能) n what I felt success means, I nly chse tw classes that I knew I wuld enjy. (我决心追随自己对成功的直觉理解，只选择了两门我确信自己会喜欢的课程。)”以及最后一段中“This year, with an pen mind and new knwledge in mind, I walked int anther grup interview while telling myself I was that cl senir. I managed t secure a leadership psitin. Ultimately, success came little by little. (今年，我带着开放的心态和新的知识，再次走进集体面试的现场，告诉自己我就是那位自信满满的高年级学生。最终，我成功获得了一个领导职位。成功，就这样一点点地向我走来。)”可知，作者通过自己的经历表明，成功并非由大学或外界标准定义，而是源于自我认知与努力。“Everyne is the maker f their wn success. (每个人都是自己成功的创造者。)” 符合题意。故选A。
2021-2025高考阅读理解考点统计
卷别
细节理解题
猜测词义题
推理判断题
主旨大意题
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