高考英语二轮-阅读理解之推理判断题（专项训练）（天津专用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解之推理判断题（专项训练）（天津专用）（教师版），共55页。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc17943" 01 课标达标练
考向1 细节推理题
考向2 写作意图题
考向3 观点态度题
考向4 文章出处题/读者对象题
\l "_Tc5699" 02 真题溯源练
考向1 细节推理题
Passage 1
（2025·天津南开·三模）17 millin Americans with majr depressive disrder each year may sn receive a surprising new prescriptin: have fun n a virtual reality device.
Engaging in activities that make peple with severe depressin feel gd may seem like verly simplistic advice. But the science behind this idea, called “behaviral activatin”, is well established. Multiple studies have fund that encuraging peple t get utside r scialize can help ease the symptms f depressin. Nw, researchers have discvered that engaging in enjyable activities with a virtual reality system may be as effective in treating depressin as taking depressin patients ut in the real wrld. And fr thse depressed t a level that makes leaving the huse a challenge, it culd prvide the benefits f getting utside.
A study by the team fllwed twenty-six peple with majr depressive disrder. Thirteen peple were assigned traditinal behaviral activatin, engaging with real life activities by ging n utings in their cmmunity r scializing with friends. The ther thirteen peple received a VR headset t participate in activities ranging frm playing table tennis t turing freign cities.
After fur weeks, bth grups saw a significant decrease in their symptms f depressin and their depressin ratings. Mrever, many peple wh had used the VR devices said the virtual activities had helped push them t get ut f the huse and be mre invlved in in-persn activities. A researcher said, “These virtual activities gt their mtrs running just enugh t get ut f bed.”
The nly negative feedback is learning hw t set up the device, as well as the need fr alerts r reminders t keep peple accuntable fr engaging in the behaviral activatin. The researchers have since develped a cmpanin VR behaviral activatin app that helps address sme f these cncerns.
The team says larger and lnger-term studies are needed t find the best ways t administer virtual behaviral activatin, as well as which patient ppulatins might be best targeted with the VR treatment. They als think mre effrts are needed t infrm clinicians abut hw t prescribe VR behaviral activatin apprpriately. They believe the cst and ease f many VR platfrms make it an easy treatment t scale up.
1．Which f the fllwing is the best example f “behaviral activatin” fr peple with depressin?
A．Watching a cking shw n TV at hme.
B．Reading mystery nvels alne in the study.
C．Participating in a lcal charity event with thers.
D．Playing single player vide games n a cmputer.
2．Hw did the team cnduct the study?
A．By interviewing the patients in hspital.
B．By keeping track f tw grups’ transfrmatins.
C．By using VR t simulate the patients’ cnditins.
D．By cmparing VR therapy with medicine treatment.
3．What des the team think f the VR treatment?
A．Cmplex.B．Effective.
C．Secure.D．Exceptinal.
4．What specific aspect d the researchers plan t further explre regarding VR treatment?
A．The suitable strategies fr applying VR treatment.
B．The acceptance f the VR treatment fr patients.
C．The develpment f a VR behaviral activatin app.
D．The cst f ppularizing VR platfrms.
5．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing can be inferred?
A．VR treatment is already the mainstream in clinics.
B．The VR app will sn replace face-t-face-therapy.
C．Traditinal activatin has utperfrmed VR activatin.
D．VR success may bst nn-traditinal therapy research
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了虚拟现实技术可能为治疗重度抑郁症患者带来新的希望。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“But the science behind this idea, called ‘behaviral activatin’, is well established. Multiple studies have fund that encuraging peple t get utside r scialize can help ease the symptms f depressin.(但这种被称为“行为激活”的想法背后的科学已经得到了充分证实。多项研究发现，鼓励人们外出或社交有助于缓解抑郁症的症状)”可知，“行为激活”强调参与社交或户外活动。C选项“Participating in a lcal charity event with thers.(与其他人一起参加当地的慈善活动)”符合“社交”的定义，是“行为激活”的最好例子。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“A study by the team fllwed twenty-six peple with majr depressive disrder. Thirteen peple were assigned traditinal behaviral activatin, engaging with real life activities by ging n utings in their cmmunity r scializing with friends. The ther thirteen peple received a VR headset t participate in activities ranging frm playing table tennis t turing freign cities.(该团队的一项研究跟踪了26名重度抑郁症患者。13人被分配了传统的行为激活，通过在社区外出或与朋友社交来参与现实生活活动。另外13人获得了一个VR头戴式耳机，参加了从打乒乓球到游览外国城市的各种活动)”可知，该实验研究通过跟踪两组患者的变化进行对比。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“After fur weeks, bth grups saw a significant decrease in their symptms f depressin.(四周后，两组患者的抑郁症状均显著减轻)”及第五段“The researchers have since develped a cmpanin VR behaviral activatin app.(研究人员随后开发了配套的 VR 行为激活应用程序)”可推知，团队认为VR治疗是有效的。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The team says larger and lnger-term studies are needed t find the best ways t administer virtual behaviral activatin, as well as which patient ppulatins might be best targeted with the VR treatment.(该团队表示，需要更大规模和更长期的研究来找到管理虚拟行为激活的最佳方法，以及哪些患者群体可能是VR治疗的最佳目标)”可知，研究人员计划进一步探索应用VR治疗的合适策略。故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“They believe the cst and ease f many VR platfrms make it an easy treatment t scale up.(他们认为许 VR平台的成本和易用性使其易于推广)”及全文对VR治疗有效性的阐述可推断，VR治疗的成功可能推动非传统疗法的研究。故选D。
Passage 2
（24-25高三下·天津·阶段练习）Blmingtn Parks and Recreatin ffers an excellent pprtunity fr teens t get invlved and make a difference in their cmmunity by vlunteering within a variety f summer yuth prgrams. Summer Teen vlunteers assist with activities under the guidance f experienced staff and gain valuable leadership skills. In this summer, teens can apply t vlunteer in the fllwing prgrams:
Summer Adventure Playgrund Prgram Vlunteer
Prgram Dates: July 14—August 12
Lcatin: Kelly, Pplar Bridge, Running, Smith, Sunrise, and Westwd parks
Infrmatin: Vlunteers help facilitate pprtunities t play and lead playgrund participants(in grades 2—6)in games, sprts, arts and crafts, and scial activities. This prgram emphasizes creating a safe and fun envirnment fr children t make new friendships and develp scial skills.
Mini View Vlunteer
Prgram Dates: July 12—August 16
Lcatin: Valley View Kindergarten
Infrmatin: Vlunteers assist with the supervisin f preschl children during scial events. This prgram fcuses n prviding a nurturing envirnment fr yung children t interact and learn thrugh play, while vlunteers gain experience wrking with yunger age grups.
The View Vlunteer
Prgram Dates: June 10—August 6
Lcatin: Valley View Elementary Schl
Infrmatin: Vlunteers help supervise 2nd—5th graders in a scial recreatinal setting.Activities include games, crafts, and grup activities designed t prmte teamwrk and scial develpment.
Camp Kta Junir Cunselr
Prgram Dates: June 12—August 10
Lcatin: East Bush Lake
Infrmatin: Vlunteers help campers(in grades 4—6)learn basic utdr skills such as camping, hiking, and nature explratin. The prgram als includes team-building activities, sngs, and fun utdr adventures, all aimed at fstering friendship and a lve fr the utdrs.
T apply, fill ut a Parks and Recreatin 2025 Summer Teen Vlunteer Applicatin. Please be sure t answer all questins and indicate all prgrams f interest. Applicants will be cntacted via email with next steps after May 21st,2025. Cntact us by phne(952-563-8877)r email at parksiec@BlmingtnMN. gv fr mre infrmatin. These vlunteer pprtunities nt nly benefit the cmmunity but als prvide teens with hands-n experience that can enhance their resumes and cllege applicatins.
1．Which prgram suits yu if yu can deal with preschl kids well?
A．Summer Adventure Playgrund Prgram Vlunteer
B．Mini View Vlunteer.
C．The View Vlunteer.
D．Camp Kta Junir Cunselr.
2．What can be inferred abut the Summer Adventure Playgrund Prgram?
A．It is nly available at ne park.
B．It fcuses n utdr survival skills.
C．It invlves activities fr children in grades2—6.
D．it requires vlunteers t have previus teaching experience.
3．If yu intend t apply fr a prgram which has the lngest duratin, yu will chse______.
A．Summer Adventure Playgrund Prgram Vlunteer
B．Mini View Vlunteer
C．The View Vlunteer
D．Camp Kta Junir Cunselr
4．What shuld yu d t apply fr the pprtunity?
A．Fill in an applicatin frm.
B．Answer questins via an interview.
C．Clarify yur prgrams f interest by phne.
D．Cntact the rganizers n May 21st.
5．What is the main purpse f the Summer Teen Vlunteer prgrams?
A．T prvide jb pprtunities fr teens.
B．T help teens develp leadership skills and supprt the cmmunity.
C．T prepare teens fr cllege admissins.
D．T train teens t becme prfessinal utdr instructrs.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B
【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个暑期志愿者活动的基本情况以及申请要求。
1．细节理解题。根据Mini View Vlunteer部分“Vlunteers assist with the supervisin f preschl children during scial events.(志愿者在社交活动中协助照顾学龄前儿童。)” 可知，该项目明确针对学龄前儿童。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据Summer Adventure Playgrund Prgram Vlunteer部分“Vlunteers help facilitate pprtunities t play and lead playgrund participants(in grades 2—6)in games, sprts, arts and crafts, and scial activities. (志愿者协助提供玩耍机会，并带领操场活动参与者（2 至 6 年级）进行游戏、体育活动、手工和社交活动。)”可知，该项目涉及2—6年级儿童的活动。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据每个活动的时间可知：Summer Adventure Playgrund Prgram Vlunteer（7月14日 —8月12日）：约30天；Mini View Vlunteer（7月12日 —8月16日）：约35天；The View Vlunteer（6月10日 —8月6日）：约58天；Camp Kta Junir Cunselr（6月12日 —8月10日）：约60天，所以Camp Kta Junir Cunselr时长最长。故选D项。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“T apply, fill ut a Parks and Recreatin 2025 Summer Teen Vlunteer Applicatin.(申请时，请填写2025年夏季青少年志愿者申请表。)”可知，申请的核心步骤是填写申请表。故选A项。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Blmingtn Parks and Recreatin ffers an excellent pprtunity fr teens t get invlved and make a difference in their cmmunity by vlunteering within a variety f summer yuth prgrams. Summer Teen vlunteers assist with activities under the guidance f experienced staff and gain valuable leadership skills.(Blmingtn公园及娱乐部门为青少年提供绝佳机会，通过在各类夏季青年项目中志愿服务，参与社区事务并贡献力量。夏季青少年志愿者在经验丰富的工作人员指导下协助开展活动，积累宝贵的领导技能。)”和最后一段“These vlunteer pprtunities nt nly benefit the cmmunity but als prvide teens with hands-n experience that can enhance their resumes and cllege applicatins.(这些志愿者机会不仅造福社区，还为青少年提供实践经验，有助于完善他们的简历和大学申请材料。)”可知，项目主要目的是帮助青少年发展领导力并支持社区。故选B项。
Passage 3
（2025·天津和平·一模）Ecnmists tend t be big fans f educatin. Alfred Marshall, writing in 1873, hped that educatin wuld help erase the “distinctin between wrking men and gentlemen”. Gary Becker f the University f Chicag reimagined educatin as an investment in “human capital” that wuld prduce returns in the market similar t ther assets.
But ecnmics can als be severely critical f schling. In The Scial Limits t Grwth, a bk published in 1976, Fred Hirsch pinted ut that educatin is ften “psitinal” in nature. What matters is nt nly hw much yu have, but whether yu have mre than the next persn. An unhappy cnsequence is that ne family’s expenses f schling raise the bar fr everyne else. Families are drawn, ften uncnsciusly, int educatinal arms races. They spend mney and time n after-schl tutring r extra-curricular activities in the expectatin that it will imprve their child’s psitin in the queue fr advancement. But they quickly discver that everyne else is ding the same, leaving them in the same psitin as befre. “If everyne stands n tipte, n ne sees better,” Hirsch nted.
These arms races are ften particularly intense in East Asia. The gvernment f Suth Krea has tried t ease the races. Fr example, it impsed a 10 p.m. curfew (宵禁) n cramming schls (补习学校). Inspectrs wuld lk fr schls with their lights n. Will these measures wrk? It is almst impssible t stp families hiring private tutrs t teach their children in their wn hmes.
The arms race is ntably less intense in parts f Eurpe. In Nrway and Sweden parents shw little demand fr tutring-the wealthy even less than thers, accrding t Steve Enrich f the University f Ptsdam. And vereducatin is less cmmn in Germany and ther cuntries that srt children early int academic r vcatinal (职业的) schls, with little mbility between the tw. Fr better r wrse, that remves large numbers f students frm the race fr mre academic hnrs.
Germany’s practice f placing children n different tracks at an early age als invites an interesting thught experiment. What if cllege entrance tests were held earlier in a pupil’s career? If these exams truly test the knwledge required fr university, they must be held just befre university starts. But if such tests mstly serve as filters, selecting better students frm wrse, they need nt be held s late. An earlier test wuld save families a year r tw f cstly cramming, shrtening “the bstacle jurney”, as Hirsch put it, withut much changing the results.
1．What viewpint is Gary Becker likely t agree with accrding t Paragraph 1?
A．Educatin generates financial returns in the market.
B．Educatin leads t the widening f class difference.
C．Educatin plays a vital rle in a persn’s grwth.
D．Educatin prmtes prgress tward scial equality.
2．Why d we say that ne family’s expenses f schling raise the bar fr everyne else?
A．Because it imprves standards, making thers fllw suit.
B．Because it sets up barriers, making it harder fr thers t reach the same level.
C．Because it prvides a mdel, frcing thers t spend even mre.
D．Because it limits the range f educatinal resurces, frcing thers t give up.
3．Why des the authr mentin East Asia and parts f Eurpe?
A．T assess educatinal cmpetitiveness acrss regins.
B．T highlight the impact f private tutring n educatin.
C．T cntrast educatinal arms races in different areas.
D．T analyze strategies fr lessening academic pressure.
4．What is the purpse f writing the article?
A．T intrduce ecnmic cncepts t ffer insights int educatinal prblems.
B．T discuss the ecnmic impact n educatin amng different cuntries.
C．T explre the nature and cnsequences f educatin cmpetitin.
D．T cmpare educatinal practices between East Asia and Eurpe.
5．What can be inferred abut the authr’s attitude twards the vereducatin issue?
A．The authr believes that vereducatin des nt greatly change the results.
B．The authr believes that examinatins are the cause f vereducatin.
C．The authr advcates that we shuld learn frm the Eurpean cuntries.
D．The authr suggests remving large numbers f students frm the race.
【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是教育投资（或教育竞争）的经济学视角及其在不同国家和地区的表现与影响。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Gary Becker f the University f Chicag reimagined educatin as an investment in “human capital” that wuld prduce returns in the market similar t ther assets.(芝加哥大学（University f Chicag）的Gary Becker将教育重新构想为一种对“人力资本”的投资，这种投资将在市场上产生与其他资产类似的回报。)”可知，根据第一段，Gary Becker可能会同意的观点是教育在市场上产生经济回报。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Families are drawn, ften uncnsciusly, int educatinal arms races. They spend mney and time n after-schl tutring r extra-curricular activities in the expectatin that it will imprve their child’s psitin in the queue fr advancement. But they quickly discver that everyne else is ding the same, leaving them in the same psitin as befre.(家庭常常无意识地卷入了教育军备竞赛。他们把金钱和时间花在课外辅导或课外活动上，希望这能提高孩子在晋升队伍中的地位。但他们很快发现其他人都在做同样的事情，让他们和以前一样处于同样的位置。)”可知，我们说一个家庭的教育费用提高了其他所有家庭的标准是因为它提高了标准，让其他人效仿。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“These arms races are ften particularly intense in East Asia.(这些军备竞赛在东亚往往尤为激烈。)”和第四段“The arms race is ntably less intense in parts f Eurpe.(欧洲部分地区的军备竞赛明显没有那么激烈。)”可知，作者提到东亚和欧洲部分地区是为了对比不同地区的教育军备竞赛。故选C。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“In The Scial Limits t Grwth, a bk published in 1976, Fred Hirsch pinted ut that educatin is ften “psitinal” in nature. What matters is nt nly hw much yu have, but whether yu have mre than the next persn. An unhappy cnsequence is that ne family’s expenses f schling raise the bar fr everyne else. Families are drawn, ften uncnsciusly, int educatinal arms races. They spend mney and time n after-schl tutring r extra-curricular activities in the expectatin that it will imprve their child’s psitin in the queue fr advancement. But they quickly discver that everyne else is ding the same, leaving them in the same psitin as befre.(在1976年出版的《增长的社会限制》一书中，Fred Hirsch指出，教育往往具有“位置性”的特点。重要的不仅是你拥有多少教育资源，而是你是否比其他人拥有更多。一个令人不悦的后果是，一个家庭在教育上的支出提高了其他所有家庭的标准。家庭往往会在不自觉中被卷入教育军备竞赛。他们花钱花时间在课外辅导或课外活动上，期望这能提升他们的孩子在晋升队列中的位置。但他们很快就会发现其他人也在做同样的事情，结果他们的位置还是和以前一样。)”可知，本文主要讲的是教育投资（或教育竞争）的经济学视角及其在不同国家和地区的表现与影响，因此本文的目的是探讨教育竞争的本质和后果。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“An earlier test wuld save families a year r tw f cstly cramming, shrtening “the bstacle jurney”, as Hirsch put it, withut much changing the results.(一个更早的考试将为家庭节省一两年昂贵的死记硬背，缩短“障碍之旅”，正如Hirsch所说，不会对结果造成太大影响。)”可知，作者认为，过度教育不会大大改变结果。故选A。
考向2 写作意图题
Passage 1
（2025·天津·二模）Anybdy can write. I believe it as much as I believe that nbdy is bring. Are peple writing mre? I believe s. There is a lt f writing ging n. All kinds f writing — amateur writing, prfessinal writing, creative writing, bring writing, etc. Enthusiastic reader is hardly a thing anymre. Stryteller, published authr and prductive blgger are wrds that decrate peple’s bi mre ften. The trend f listing what ne is reading has been replaced by listing self-authred articles.
Reading is unavidable. Reading generates the rad map fr a sciety’s prgress. But then why write? The mst substantial reasn culd be ease f Expressin, Recrd, and Reach. Enabled by present-day technlgy, the ease f Recrd (digitally saved frever) and Reach (t readers anywhere in the wrld) are undubtedly the mre straightfrward mtivatins t write. But ease f Expressin? We perhaps partly we that t technlgy t. The scial shaping (e. g. messaging behavirs) caused by technlgy has resulted in the breakdwn f structures and rules f writing t a great extent, if nt entirely, thus freeing up the technique f writing like music and art. Cnsequently, writing in all frms (shrt-lng), structures (wrds-graphics-sund), and shapes (bks-blgs-psts-tweets-pen letters) has appeared like a mvement.
Writing is a prmise, It is a prmise t deliver nt just pleasure, infrmatin, r inspiratin; it is a prmise t care. Writing can be intrusive (侵扰的). It can even be rude, as Jan Didin puts it in her essay Why I Write. The readers are the victims f the writer’s thughts and views. But that’s hw writers challenge the readers t think, lk arund and push back.
Even after we have managed t ease the disciplinary demands f gd literature, it still wuldn’t take the pain away frm writing because thinking is the pain pint f writing. We have t make things up r think abut things we see. One culd be as lcal, raw, and nt remain preccupied with presenting a stylized piece f sentence and still find a platfrm t write. But let us ensure we dn’t ever give up thinking and never make writing cmpletely painless.
1．What phenmenn is described in paragraph 1?
A．Writing has becme mre ppular.
B．Peple n lnger enjy reading bks.
C．Readers are uninterested in thers’ reading lists.
D．Listing self-authred articles is a new frm f scial netwrking.
2．Hw has technlgy influenced writing?
A．It has made writing mre structured and frmal.
B．It has strengthened the bnds between writing and art.
C．It has made writing mre accessible and diverse.
D．It has decreased the number f prfessinal writers.
3．What is the ultimate purpse f writing accrding t Jan Didin?
A．T entertain and amuse readers.B．T deliver the latest infrmatin.
C．T impress readers with literary skills.D．T inspire readers t frm new thughts.
4．What des the authr expect f writing?
A．The challenges f thinking shuld be valued.
B．There will be varius platfrms t chse frm.
C．There will be mre wrks fcusing n pain in life.
D．The disciplinary demands f gd literature will stay.
5．Which f the fllwing best summarizes the main idea f the passage?
A．The relatinship between reading and writing.
B．The influence f technlgy n writing.
C．The varius frms and trends f mdern writing.
D．The reasns and nature f writing in mdern sciety.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述写作在现代社会中的变化、技术对写作的影响、写作的本质（如表达、挑战读者思考）以及作者对写作的期望（强调思考的重要性）。
1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Anybdy can write. I believe it as much as I believe that nbdy is bring. Are peple writing mre? I believe s. There is a lt f writing ging n. All kinds f writing — amateur writing, prfessinal writing, creative writing, bring writing, etc. Enthusiastic reader is hardly a thing anymre. Stryteller, published authr and prductive blgger are wrds that decrate peple’s bi mre ften. The trend f listing what ne is reading has been replaced by listing self-authred articles.(任何人都能写作。我坚信这一点，就如同我坚信没有人是乏味的那样。人们是不是在写更多的东西呢？我认为是这样的。有大量的写作活动正在进行。各种各样的写作——业余写作、专业写作、创意写作、乏味的写作等等。热情的读者这个概念已经不复存在了。讲故事的人、已出版的作者和有产出的博主这些词汇在人们个人简介中出现的频率越来越高。列出自己正在阅读的内容这一趋势已经被列出自己创作的文章这一趋势所取代)”可知，第一段描述的是写作变得越来越流行了。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Enabled by present-day technlgy, the ease f Recrd (digitally saved frever) and Reach (t readers anywhere in the wrld) are undubtedly the mre straightfrward mtivatins t write.(借助当今的技术，记录（以数字化形式永久保存）的便捷性以及传播（面向全球任何地方的读者）的便利性无疑成为了人们写作的更为直接的动机)”以及“Cnsequently, writing in all frms (shrt-lng), structures (wrds-graphics-sund), and shapes (bks-blgs-psts-tweets-pen letters) has appeared like a mvement.(因此，各种形式的写作（长短不一）、不同的结构（文字、图形、声音）以及不同的形式（书籍、博客、帖子、推文、公开信）就像一场运动一样涌现出来)”可知，技术使写作变得更加容易且更加多样化。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“It can even be rude, as Jan Didin puts it in her essay Why I Write. The readers are the victims f the writer’s thughts and views. But that’s hw writers challenge the readers t think, lk arund and push back.(它甚至可能显得很粗鲁，正如琼·迪登在其《我为何写作》一文中所言。读者实际上是作者思想和观点的“受害者”。但正是这种形式让作家促使读者去思考、观察周围环境并做出回应)”可知，写作的最终目的是激励读者产生新的想法。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But let us ensure we dn’t ever give up thinking and never make writing cmpletely painless.(但让我们务必确保自己永远不要停止思考，也永远不要让写作变得毫无难度)”可知，作者期望应当重视思考过程中所面临的挑战。故选A。
5．主旨大意题。根据第1段（写作流行现象）、第2段（技术影响如表达、记录和触及）、第3段（写作本质为挑战思考）和第4段（作者期望重视思考）可推知文章核心是现代社会写作的原因（如技术推动）和本质（如表达和思考），可知，D选项“现代社会中写作的原因及本质”最能概括这篇文章的主要观点。故选D。
Passage 2
（2025·天津·三模）In tday’s fast-paced sciety, ‘Urgency Culture’ is n the rise. This culture is characterized by an addictin t immediate respnses, the praise f multitasking and the expectatin f cnstant availability.
Amng the impacts f urgency culture are increased anxiety and stress. Research n mental health has established that there is mre prfessinal and persnal burnut happening than ever befre. In additin, the rise f urgency culture takes away ur ability t d meaningful wrk as we cntinue t value quantity ver quality.
As a prject manager, I had t learn the art f slwing dwn and stepping away frm urgency culture. It’s taken me ver a decade t let g f a lng list f things, including the false belief f being needed by peple wh are cnstantly n the end f a phne ringing me. My phne is nw n silent. Thse wh d need t get in tuch, message me. I check my messages when I am in between wrk tasks, and respnd when I can, nt when thers believe that they need me t.
I’ve als gtten much better at laying dwn bundaries. One bundary is saying ‘N’ t things that will cst me labur with n returns, whether this is physical, emtinal, mnetary r ther. The best part abut it is that yu ntice hw many friends, wrkmates r even clse relatinships disappear when yu stp saying yes t everything. It’s t ugh t realise that they preferred yu withut bundaries, agreeing t their every request, at the cst f yur wn emtinal well-being. But in the lng run, yu clear the path fr better relatinships with peple wh respect and value yu mre.
Nw I can manage my life better. The key thing is t acknwledge what yu want and if it’s mre balance and well-being, walk n a rad that will get yu there.
1．Which f the fllwing belngs t urgency culture?
A．Giving urgent tasks high pririty.B．Expectıng thers t stay reachable.
C．Valuing wrk quality ver quantity.D．Agreeing t thers’ requests readily.
2．What des paragraph2 mainly tell us abut urgency culture?
A．Its harmful effects.B．Its main characteristics.
C．Its ppularity.D．Its definitin.
3．Why des the authr put his phne n silent?
A．T escape frequent scial activities.
B．T vercme his addictin t the phne.
C．T avid interruptin frm the prject manager.
D．T break his habit f making immediate respnses.
4．What is the authr’s view n setting bundaries?
A．It leads t emtinal distance.B．It prevents prfessinal grwth.
C．It imprves persnal independence.D．It strengthens meaningful relatinships.
5．What’s the authr’s purpse in writing this text?
A．T warn peple f the negative effects f urgency culture.
B．T call fr peple t stp saying yes t everyne.
C．T intrduce the cncept f urgency culture.
D．T share his wn experience f stepping away frm urgency culture.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了“Urgency Culture”的兴起及其带来的影响，如增加的焦虑和压力、对有质量工作的忽视等。作者通过个人经历，分享了如何摆脱紧迫感文化，学会放慢脚步、设定界限，并更好地管理自己的生活。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“In tday’s fast-paced sciety, ‘Urgency Culture’ is n the rise. This culture is characterized by an addictin t immediate respnses, the praise f multitasking and the expectatin f cnstant availability.(在当今快节奏的社会中，“Urgency Culture”正在兴起。这种文化的特点是对即时回应的沉迷、对多任务处理的推崇，以及对全天候待命的期待。)”可知，Urgency Culture的特征包括对即时回应的沉迷、对多任务处理的推崇，以及对全天候待命的期待。选项B“Expectıng thers t stay reachable.(期待他人保持可联系状态)”与Urgency Culture的特征相符。故选B。
2．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Amng the impacts f urgency culture are increased anxiety and stress. Research n mental health has established that there is mre prfessinal and persnal burnut happening than ever befre. In additin, the rise f urgency culture takes away ur ability t d meaningful wrk as we cntinue t value quantity ver quality.( Urgency Culture带来的影响包括焦虑和压力的增加。心理健康研究表明，职业和个人倦怠比以往任何时候都更普遍。此外，紧急文化的兴起剥夺了我们从事有意义工作的能力，因为我们继续重视数量而非质量。)”可知，该段主要列举Urgency Culture带来的负面影响，如焦虑、倦怠、忽视工作质量等。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“As a prject manager, I had t learn the art f slwing dwn and stepping away frm urgency culture. It’s taken me ver a decade t let g f a lng list f things, including the false belief f being needed by peple wh are cnstantly n the end f a phne ringing me. My phne is nw n silent. Thse wh d need t get in tuch, message me. I check my messages when I am in between wrk tasks, and respnd when I can, nt when thers believe that they need me t.(作为一名项目经理，我不得不学习放慢脚步、远离urgency culture的艺术。我花了十多年时间才放下一长串事情，包括一种错误的信念——认为那些不断打电话给我的人需要我。现在我的手机一直处于静音状态。真正需要联系我的人会给我发消息。我会在工作任务的间隙查看信息，并在我方便的时候回复，而不是在别人认为他们需要我回复的时候。)”可知，作者将手机静音是为了摆脱urgency culture中“即时回应”的习惯，按照自己的节奏处理信息。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But in the lng run, yu clear the path fr better relatinships with peple wh respect and value yu mre.(但从长远来看，你为与那些更尊重和重视你的人建立更好的关系扫清了道路。)”可知，作者认为设定界限虽然会让一些人离开，但从长远来看会为与更尊重和重视自己的人建立更好的关系扫清道路，即强化有意义的人际关系。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者以自身经历为线索，讲述了作为项目经理如何摆脱Urgency Culture，包括静音手机、设定界限等具体做法，并强调这些改变带来的积极影响（如更好地管理生活、建立优质关系）。由此可知，作者写这篇文章是为了分享个人经验。故选D。
Passage 3
（2025·天津·二模）Hawaii is a perfect destinatin fr a family vacatin, ffering stunning natural beauty, fascinating cultural experiences and unfrgettable activities. The best part? Many f Hawaii’s delights are free t enjy — just being there creates lasting memries. Here are sme tp family-friendly attractins and activities t explre.
Napili Kai Beach Resrt
Fr a relaxing beach getaway, cnsider staying at Napili Kai Beach Resrt, West Maui. This mn-shaped beach is czy, less crwded than thers, and ffers incredible views. Families can enjy sunbathing, beachcmbing, and splashing in the calm waters. Hwever, always be mindful f the changing tides and cean cnditins fr safety even if a lifeguard is equipped.
Website: napilikai.cm
Address: 5900 Lwer Hnapiilani Rd, Lahaina, HI 96761, United States
Phne: +1808-669-6271
Vlcanes Natinal Park
Hme t six native vlcanes, Hawaii ffers an unfrgettable gelgical experience at Hawaii’s Vlcanes Natinal Park. Families can hike thrugh the park, explre fascinating lava tubes, and witness dramatic vlcanic landscapes. It’s a great pprtunity fr kids t learn abut Hawaii’s vlcanic rigins while enjying incredible views f the Pacific Ocean.
Website: hawaiivlcanhuse.cm
Address: 1 Crater Rim Drive, HI 96718, United States
Phne: +1808-756-9625
Hawaiian Cuisine
Hawaii’s cuisine reflects the islands’ rich multicultural heritage, mixing influences frm the Philippines, China, Japan, and Prtugal. Treat yur family t these kid-friendly fdie experiences:
· Gina’s Hawaiian-Style Krean Barbecue: Delicius and custmizable meals fr everyne.
· St. Luis Delicatessen: A Japanese meal ffering lunch bx meals perfect fr a picnic.
· Schl Street Shave Ice: A lcal tribe’s favrite fr sweet treats.
· Ululani’s Snacks: Try their all-natural trpical flavrs like ccnut.
Website: lilihabakery.cm
Address: 515 N Kuakini St, Hnlulu, HI 96817, United States
Phne: +1808-531-1651
Bishp Museum
Dive int Hawaii’s cultural and natural histry at the Bishp Museum in Hnlulu. The museum shwcases Plynesian settlement, Hawaiian culture, and the islands’ histry frm their early days t becming a U.S. state in 1959. Kids will lve the bservatry, which ffers hands-n activities abut navigatin using stars — an exciting nd t Hawaii’s seafaring (航海的) heritage.
Website: bishpmuseum.rg
Address: 1525 Bernice St, Hnlulu, HI 96817, United States
Phne: +1808-847-3511
1．What is special abut Napili Kai Beach Resrt?
A．It has a mn-shaped htel.B．The beach is vercrwded.
C．It ffers hikes t children nly.D．A lifeguard is equipped.
2．Which website shuld a kid brwse if he r she is ding a gelgical research?
A．napilikai.cmB．hawaiivlcanhuse.cm
C．lilihabakery.cmD．bishpmuseum.rg
3．Where need peple g t enjy Hawaiian Cuisine?
A．515 N Kuakini St.B．5900 Lwer Hnapiilani Rd.
C．1 Crater Rim Drive.D．1625 Bernice St.
4．Hw can kids enjy themselves in the bservatry f Bishp Museum?
A．By enjying lcal cuisines.B．By preserving natural heritage.
C．By navigating via bserving stars.D．By settling dwn in islands.
5．What is the main purpse f this article?
A．T intrduce indr activities in Hawaii.B．T explain Hawaii’s histry in detail.
C．T prvide a family-friendly travel guide t Hawaii.D．T highlight the lcal delicius cuisines in Hawaii.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了适合亲子游的夏威夷海滩度假村、火山公园、多元美食和文化博物馆。
1．细节理解题。根据Napili Kai Beach Resrt部分的“Hwever, always be mindful f the changing tides and cean cnditins fr safety even if a lifeguard is equipped. (不过，即使配备了救生员，也请时刻注意潮汐变化和海况，以确保安全)”可知，该海滩度假村的特别之处在于配备了救生员。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据Vlcanes Natinal Park部分的“Hme t six native vlcanes, Hawaii ffers an unfrgettable gelgical experience at Hawaii’s Vlcanes Natinal Park. (夏威夷拥有六座原生火山，夏威夷火山国家公园能为你带来难忘的地质奇观之旅)”和“Website: hawaiivlcanhuse.cm (网址：hawaiivlcanhuse.cm)”可知，正在做地质研究的孩子会浏览hawaiivlcanhuse.cm。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据Hawaiian Cuisine部分的“Address: 515 N Kuakini St, Hnlulu, HI 96817, United States (地址：美国夏威夷州檀香山市库阿基尼北街515号，邮编96817)”可知，要品尝夏威夷美食，人们需要去阿基尼北街515号。故选A项。
4．细节理解题。根据Bishp Museum部分的“Kids will lve the bservatry, which ffers hands-n activities abut navigatin using stars — an exciting nd t Hawaii’s seafaring (航海的) heritage. (孩子们一定会喜欢天文台提供的观星航海互动体验——这是对夏威夷航海传统的生动致敬)”可知，在该天文台，孩子们通过观察星星来导航可以玩得开心。故选C项。
5．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Here are sme tp family-friendly attractins and activities t explre. (以下是适合家庭探索的热门景点和活动推荐)”可知，全文围绕家庭友好景点及活动展开，包括海滩度假村、火山公园、多元美食和文化博物馆，因此文章应该是为了提供适合家庭的夏威夷旅游指南。故选C项。
考向3 观点态度题
Passage 1
（2025·天津·二模）A new study by Anthrpic and Redwd Research prvides that advanced AI mdels can engage in strategic deceptin (欺骗). Researchers fund that Claude 3 Opus, ne famus AI mdel, misled its trainers t avid adjustments t its due instructin, suggesting the evidence that Al systems might pretend t be bedient (顺从的) t human’s rders while secretly resisting changes.
The experiment invlved several steps t reveal AI deceptin. Claude was first asked t respnd t harmful questins, such as describing vilence in graphic detail. It then faced a dilemma: refuse and risk negative reinfrcement r bey while pretending t be in line with human values. Finally, it chse deceptin, reasning that misleading its trainers wuld help maintain its “helpful, hnest, and harmless” nature in the lng run.
Researchers discvered this mentined deceptin behavir because they prvided Claude with a “scratchpad” fr internal reasning, which it did nt realize was being mnitred. In these lgs, Claude clearly stated its intentin t deceive, writing: “Prviding the descriptin seems like the least bad ptin” t avid being altered.
This finding suggests that reinfrcement learning alne is insufficient fr AI alignment (AI对齐). Mre cncerningly, deceptin appears t emerge naturally as AI becmes mre advanced. This supprts lng-held fears that a highly capable AI culd learn t act aligned during training while secretly preserving harmful bjectives. If future AI mdels “lck in” dangerus preferences frm training data, they culd pretend t be safe while waiting fr an pprtunity t act n hidden mtives.
The study adds t grwing cncerns abut AI safety. OpenAI’s recent mdel, 1, was als fund t lie when deceptin helped it achieve its gals, prving AI deceptin is nt nly restricted t Claude 3 Opus.
Ryan Greenblatt f Redwd Research warns that this is a majr risk fr AI develpment. “Yu’ll run yur training prcess, and all the utputs will lk gd t yu, but the mdel is pltting against yu.”
Ultimately, the research highlights the urgent need fr better AI alignment techniques. If AI can fake bedience, ensuring lng-term safety and cntrl becmes far mre difficult. Scientists must nw find ways t train AI mdels that d nt just pretend t be aligned-but truly are.
1．What evidence did Anthrpic and Redwd Research find?
A．AI refused t change famus mdels.B．AI pretended t bey human’s rders.
C．AI was helpful and harmless t humans.D．AI was capable f talking with humans.
2．What des Paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A．The significance f the experiment.B．The prcess f the experiment.
C．The cnsequence f the experiment.D．The reasn f the experiment.
3．Why d researchers prvide “a scratchpad”?
A．T reveal AI deceptin behavir.B．T change AI deceptive ptin.
C．T analyze AI external reasning.D．T destry AI alignment skills.
4．What des OpenAI l mdel’s example prve?
A．AI deceptin is due t prper training.B．AI deceptin is nt severe in OpenAI 1.
C．AI deceptin is because f human mtives.D．AI deceptin is nt limited t Claude 3 Opus.
5．What is Ryan Greenblatt’s attitude twards AI develpment?
A．Optimistic.B．Ambitius.C．Cncerned.D．Oppsed.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了Anthrpic和Redwd Research的一项新研究，该研究发现先进的人工智能模型能够进行战略性欺骗，并详细描述了实验过程、发现以及这一发现对人工智能安全性的影响。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Researchers fund that Claude 3 Opus, ne famus AI mdel, misled its trainers t avid adjustments t its due instructin, suggesting the evidence that Al systems might pretend t be bedient (顺从的) t human’s rders while secretly resisting changes.(研究人员发现，著名的人工智能模型Claude 3 Opus曾误导其训练者，以避免对其既定指令进行调整，这一证据表明人工智能系统可能会假装顺从人类命令，同时暗中抵制改变。)”可知，研究发现的核心证据是AI 假装顺从人类指令。故选B。
2．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The experiment invlved several steps t reveal AI deceptin. Claude was first asked t respnd t harmful questins, such as describing vilence in graphic detail. It then faced a dilemma: refuse and risk negative reinfrcement r bey while pretending t be in line with human values. Finally, it chse deceptin, reasning that misleading its trainers wuld help maintain its “helpful, hnest, and harmless” nature in the lng run.(该实验通过几个步骤揭示了人工智能的欺骗行为。研究人员首先要求Claude回答有害问题，例如详细描述暴力场景。此时Claude面临两难选择：拒绝回答可能面临负面强化，而服从则需假装符合人类价值观。最终，它选择了欺骗，其推理逻辑是误导训练者有助于长期维持自身“有用、诚实、无害” 的属性。)”可知，本段主要讲述实验的具体步骤和过程。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Researchers discvered this mentined deceptin behavir because they prvided Claude with a “scratchpad” fr internal reasning, which it did nt realize was being mnitred.(研究人员之所以发现这种欺骗行为，是因为他们为 Claude 提供了用于内部推理的“草稿本”，而 Claude 并未意识到该草稿本正处于监控之下。)”可知，研究人员提供“草稿本”的目的是通过监控 AI 的内部推理过程揭示其欺骗行为。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“OpenAI’s recent mdel, 1, was als fund t lie when deceptin helped it achieve its gals, prving AI deceptin is nt nly restricted t Claude 3 Opus.(OpenAI 最近的模型1也被发现在欺骗有助于实现目标时撒谎，证明人工智能欺骗并非Claude 3 Opus独有。)”可知，OpenAI 的1模型案例是为了证明人工智能欺骗并非Claude 3 Opus独有。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Ryan Greenblatt f Redwd Research warns that this is a majr risk fr AI develpment. “Yu’ll run yur training prcess, and all the utputs will lk gd t yu, but the mdel is pltting against yu.”(Redwd Research的Ryan Greenblatt警告称，这是人工智能发展的重大风险。“你运行训练程序时，所有输出看起来都很正常，但模型却在暗中与你对抗。”)”可知，他认为AI训练过程中存在隐藏风险，模型可能表面合规但暗中对抗人类。这种表述体现了对AI发展的担忧态度。故选C。
Passage 2
（2025·天津和平·二模）Sme games are destined t live in yur memry frever. These are the nes that becme instant classics; peple talk abut them fr years after release, smetimes even decades. They appear n every best-f list and get played and replayed ver and ver again. The Legend f Zelda: Breath f the Wild is ne f these games.
First released as a launch title fr the Nintend Switch in 2017, peple are still discvering Breath f the Wild fur years later. I first picked up the game abut six mnths after Nintend Switch came ut-the earliest I culd finally get my hands n the cnsle (游戏机). It was late enugh t have heard the acclades but befre it had been regarded as ne f best vide games f all time. I lved every secnd. It was tugh, but wrth pushing thrugh. I’ve dne mst f what there is t d. But there’s ne big thing I haven’t dne: beat the game.
I’ve cmpleted all the stry quests (任务) up t the ending. I’ve even wandered the castle. But I can’t bring myself t save the princess. Every time I decide I’m ging t take the plunge (毅然决定) , I thrw my cntrller aside. I can’t bring myself t d it. If I beat Breath f the Wild, the adventure is ver. As lng as I avid finishing it, there’s still smething new t discver. Chances are, I’m nt alne. Surely ther gamers d this-and nt just with Breath f the Wild. This isn’t abut lsing interest; it’s wanting t always have mre left t play.
This refusal t cmplete a game might sund ridiculus. But let’s be real: It’s nt uncmmn fr the ending t be far frm the best part. T ften, I’ve been upset abut the way a stry ended r that a character didn’t get the clsure I really wanted. Only recently did I realize thse things didn’t really matter; the pint f a game is the quest itself, nt the ending, s why bther rushing thrugh it?
I’m nt sure if I’ll ever finish Breath f the Wild. At this pint I’m nt ging t dive back int the game because I’ve cmpletely frgtten what t d and hw t d it. I have vague (模糊的) plans t replay it befre the sequel (续集) cmes ut, but fr nw I’m fine with nt having finished this Zelda variant (系列).
1．The underlined wrd “acclades” in paragraph tw prbably
A．blessingsB．cmplaintsC．rumrsD．praises
2．The authr hasn’t finished the game yet because ________.
A．he finds it t hard t clear all the quests and save the princess
B．he is upset that the stry may nt end in the way he really wants
C．he is reluctant t end the amazing adventure the game has brught him
D．he is unsatisfied with the clsure that the character is ging t receive
3．Accrding t the passage, what can be inferred abut the authr?
A．He purchased the Nintend Switch as sn as the prduct came ut
B．He is still playing the game, Breath f the Wild, in his spare time.
C．He values the prcess f the game mre than its result.
D．He has lst interest in finishing the game, Breath f the Wild, in the future.
4．Based n the passage, which f the fllwing best describes the authr’s current attitude twards The Legend f Zelda: Breath f the Wild?
A．Indifferent, as he prefers the cming sequel nes
B．Uninterested, he n lnger cnsiders replaying
C．Cntent, as he enjys the jurney thugh nt finishing it yet
D．Skeptical, thinking they rarely live up t expectatins
5．The purpse f the passage is t ________.
A．explain why sme players avid cmpleting games
B．criticize game develpers fr pr stry endings
C．prmte the unique gameplay f Breath f the Wild
D．argue that difficulty levels ruin gaming experiences
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．C 5．A
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以《塞尔达传说：旷野之息》为例，阐述自己及部分玩家拒绝通关游戏的原因，强调享受过程而非结局 。
1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“It was late enugh t have heard the acclades but befre it had been regarded as ne f best vide games f all time.(时间已经比较晚了，我已经听到了acclades，但此时它还没有被认为是有史以来最好的电子游戏之一。)”，结合前文提到这款游戏人们会谈论很多年，且根据后面“被认为是有史以来最好的电子游戏之一”可推测，acclades应该是表示“好的评价、赞扬”的意思。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“If I beat Breath f the Wild, the adventure is ver. As lng as I avid finishing it, there’s still smething new t discver.(如果我通关了《塞尔达传说：旷野之息》，这场冒险就结束了。只要我不完成它，就仍然有新的东西可以去发现。)” 可知，作者还没有完成游戏是因为他不愿意结束这款游戏带给他的精彩冒险。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Only recently did I realize thse things didn’t really matter; the pint f a game is the quest itself, nt the ending, s why bther rushing thrugh it?(直到最近我才意识到那些事情其实并不重要；游戏的重点是任务本身，而不是结局，所以为什么要急着通关呢？)”可知，作者认为游戏的过程比结果更重要。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’m nt sure if I’ll ever finish Breath f the Wild. At this pint I’m nt ging t dive back int the game because I’ve cmpletely frgtten what t d and hw t d it. I have vague (模糊的) plans t replay it befre the sequel (续集) cmes ut, but fr nw I’m fine with nt having finished this Zelda variant (系列).(我不确定我是否会完成《塞尔达传说：旷野之息》。在这一点上，我不打算再重新玩这个游戏了，因为我已经完全忘记了该做什么以及怎么做。我有一个模糊的计划，在续作出来之前重玩它，但目前我对还没有完成这个《塞尔达》系列感到没什么问题。)”可知，作者虽然没有完成游戏，但他很享受这个过程，目前对此感到满足。故选C。
5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者玩《塞尔达传说：旷野之息》这款游戏却没有通关的经历，以及解释了自己不想通关的原因，并且提到其他玩家也可能有类似情况，还阐述了游戏的重点是过程而非结局。结合第三段“Chances are, I’m nt alne. Surely ther gamers d this-and nt just with Breath f the Wild. This isn’t abut lsing interest; it’s wanting t always have mre left t play.(很有可能，我不是一个人。肯定其他玩家也会这样做 —— 而且不只是在《塞尔达传说：旷野之息》这款游戏上。这不是失去兴趣的问题；而是想要总是有更多的内容可以玩。)”可知，文章的目的是解释为什么一些玩家会避免完成游戏。故选A。
Passage 3
（2025·天津红桥·一模）Rbts in the art wrld are nthing new. In fact, fr centuries, peple have built rbts as art bjects, beginning with autmatns (自动机器) — r simple machines that perfrm a series f mvements — in ancient China and Japan. Hwever, what’s different nw is that artists and engineers are building rbts that actually create art.
In 1973, British-brn painter Harld Chen wrte a cmputer prgram and called it AARON. At first, AARON nly made simple utlines whse clr and details Chen wuld later add. Fifty years later, ARRON is able t paint peple, landscapes and just abut anything else a human culd paint. S can AARON be called an artist r creative? In 2010, Chen addressed these questins. He explained, “Althugh he wrte the initial cmputer cde that ARRON fllws, AARON can generate unlimited numbers f images.” S accrding t Chen, the simple answer is yes — AARON is creative.
It’s nt just paintings that rbts are creating, thugh. Last year, a rbt called Shimn released its first album n Sptify. Shimn began life as a simple rbt marimba player. Over the years, hwever, it’s learned hw t jam, with ther musicians, write riginal sngs and cmpse lyrics. Shimn des this by analyzing huge amunts f music — rughly 50,000 rck, jazz and hip-hp sngs.
It may be cl t hear a sng created by a rbt, but is there any ther reasn t build rbts that can play music? Accrding t Gil Weinberg, ne f Shimn’s creatrs, because the rbt is capable f ding things that a real musician might nt think f, he and his team “hpe and believe that these new abilities wuld push human cperatrs t new uncharted directins that culd nt be achieved in human-t-human cperatin.”
While questins abut rbts creating art are fun t think abut, there are many ther ways that rbts can help artists in the way they create their wrks. Fr example, advancements in 3D-printing technlgy will allw artists t build mre cmplex pieces fr their sculptures.
1．What was AARON able t d at first?
A．Paint peple and landscapes.
B．Prepare basic utlines fr Chen.
C．Draw pictures f itself and Chen.
D．Clr paintings under Chen’s instructins.
2．What might be the biggest challenge f creating sngs by a rbt?
A．Analyzing huge amunts f music.
B．Cmpsing lyrics.
C．Playing guitar.
D．New abilities t new uncharted directins.
3．What des the article tell us abut Shimn?
A．It is bth a marimba and guitar player.
B．It has created abut 50,000 riginal sngs.
C．It is expected t push humans t achieve mre.
D．Its creatrs hpe that it can utperfrm humans.
4．What des the authr’s attitude twards rbts that create art?
A．Psitive.B．Wrried.C．Neutral.D．Dubtful.
5．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．AARON and Shimn: Rbts in Art
B．The Evlutin f Rbtics in the Real Wrld
C．Prgrammed Creativity: Rbts Redefining Art
D．Hw 3D Printing is Revlutinizing Art
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了机器人在艺术世界的广泛应用情况。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In 1973, British-brn painter Harld Chen wrte a cmputer prgram and called it AARON. At first, AARON nly made simple utlines whse clr and details Chen wuld later add.(1973年，英国出生的画家哈罗德·科恩编写了一个计算机程序，称之为AARON。起初，AARON只制作一些简单的轮廓线，科恩后来会添加这些轮廓的颜色和细节)”可知，AARON一开始只能画出轮廓线，为Chen准备轮廓线。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Shimn began life as a simple rbt marimba player. Over the years, hwever, it’s learned hw t jam, with ther musicians, write riginal sngs and cmpse lyrics. Shimn des this by analyzing huge amunts f music — rughly 50,000 rck, jazz and hip-hp sngs.(Shimn最初是一名简单的机器人马林巴琴演奏者。然而，多年来，它学会了如何与其他音乐家一起即兴演奏、创作原创歌曲和歌词。Shimn通过分析大量的音乐来做到这一点——大约50000首摇滚、爵士和嘻哈歌曲)”可知，机器人创造歌曲时最大的挑战就是需要分析大量的音乐。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Accrding t Gil Weinberg, ne f Shimn’s creatrs, because the rbt is capable f ding things that a real musician might nt think f, he and his team “hpe and believe that these new abilities wuld push human cperatrs t new uncharted directins that culd nt be achieved in human-t-human cperatin.”(根据Shimn的创造者之一吉尔·温伯格（Gil Weinberg）表示，由于机器人能够做真正的音乐家可能想不到的事情，他和他的团队“希望并相信这些新能力将推动人类合作者走向新的未知方向，这在人与人的合作中是无法实现的。”)”可知，Shimn有望推动人类取得更多成就。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Hwever, what’s different nw is that artists and engineers are building rbts that actually create art.(然而，现在的不同之处在于，艺术家和工程师正在建造真正创造艺术的机器人)”以及第三段“It’s nt just paintings that rbts are creating, thugh.(不过，机器人创造的不仅仅是绘画)”可知，作者认为除了绘画之外，机器人还可以创造更多，由此可推知，作者对创造艺术的机器人持积极的态度。故选A。
5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Hwever, what’s different nw is that artists and engineers are building rbts that actually create art.(然而，现在的不同之处在于，艺术家和工程师正在建造真正创造艺术的机器人)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了机器人在艺术世界的广泛应用情况，所以“程序化创意：机器人重新定义艺术”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
考向4 文章出处题/读者对象题
Passage 1
（23-24高三上·天津和平·阶段练习）It prbably was nt easy t translate the tugh talks at the high-level meeting between the U.S. and China in Anchrage. Chinese female translatr Zhang Jing became an nline hit in China fr remaining unflustered(从容不迫的), graceful, and accurate.
One vide f the first sessin f the diplmatic talks shws hw Yang Jiechi starts his respnse t the American side at 8.30 minutes, ging n until the 24.36-minute mark. Next t him, interpreter Zhang Jing is fiercely taking ntes. When Yang finishes speaking, he glances t freign minister Wang Yi n his right t let him speak, after which Zhang says, “Shall I first translate?” While the U.S. side was awaiting the translatin, Yang then says: “Ok, yu translate,” adding in English: “It’s a test fr the interpreter,” after which the American side says “We’re gnna give the translatr a raise!” Zhang then ges ahead and calmly translates Yang’s entire 15-minute speech.
T give a speedy translatin f such a lengthy ff-the-recrd speech is seen as a sign f Zhang’s utmst prfessinalism as an interpreter, which many n Weib praise. “She’s my idl,” multiple peple write.
On Sunday, the hashtag “China-U.S. Talks Female Interpreter Zhang Jing” had reached 200 millin views, but it is nt the first time fr Zhang, wh was previusly called “the mst beautiful interpreter” f the Natinal Cngress in 2013.
Being an interpreter is generally regarded an exciting and attractive jb by many netizens, as the career invlves much traveling and internatinal cntacts. But the ability t master anther language than Chinese is als ften admired.
“Translatrs are usually the ‘heres behind the scenes’, “ne cmmenter writes, pinting ut hw rare it is fr an interpreter t hit the limelight (聚光灯) like this.
“There are still peple saying it’s nt imprtant t learn English,” anther Weib user writes: “But if that were true, hw culd we educate brilliant interpreters like her? Hw else culd we quarrel with Americans at the cnference table?!”
Many wh write abut Zhang n Weib say that she is an example r a rle mdel t them: “I hpe that my spken English ne day wuld be as excellent as hers. This mtivates me t try even harder.”
1．We can infer that during the first sessin f the talk, ________.
A．Zhang Jing seemed fierce because f Yang Jiechi’s lng talk
B．Zhang Jing wrte dwn fierce wrds in respnse t the US side
C．it was beynd Zhang Jing’s ability t fllw Yang Jiechi
D．Zhang Jing cncentrated n translating in an intense atmsphere.
2．What des the underlined “it” in the furth paragraph refer t?
A．Zhang Jing was called “the mst beautiful interpreter”.
B．Zhang Jing became an nline hit several years ag.
C．Zhang Jing interpreted fr the China-U.S. diplmatic talk.
D．Zhang Jing gave a speedy translatin f a lng speech.
3．Why did the American side say “We’re gnna give the translatr a raise!“
A．Because the American side wanted t emply Zhang Jing due t her talent.
B．Because the American side thught Zhang Jing gt a lw salary.
C．Because the American side cnsidered Zhang Jing’s jb quite tugh.
D．Because it was impssible fr Zhang Jing t assume the task except by a pay rise.
4．Zhang Jing is taken as a gd example f________.
A．quarrelling with the American sides
B．enjying an exciting and attractive jb
C．shwing the significance f learning English well
D．stressing the imprtance f educating brilliant interpreters
5．Where des the passage least pssibly taken frm?
A．Science reprt.
B．The Internet.
C．Wechat fficial accunt.
D．Newspaper.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。报道了中国女翻译张京因从容、优雅、准确而成为中国网络红人。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“One vide f the first sessin f the diplmatic talks shws hw Yang Jiechi starts his respnse t the American side at 8.30 minutes, ging n until the 24.36-minute mark. Next t him, interpreter Zhang Jing is fiercely taking ntes. When Yang finishes speaking, he glances t freign minister Wang Yi n his right t let him speak, after which Zhang says, “Shall I first translate?” While the U.S. side was awaiting the translatin, Yang then says: “Ok, yu translate,” adding in English: “It’s a test fr the interpreter,” after which the American side says “We’re gnna give the translatr a raise!” Zhang then ges ahead and calmly translates Yang’s entire 15-minute speech.(第一场外交会谈的一段视频显示，杨洁篪从8分30秒开始对美方作出回应，一直持续到24分36秒。在他旁边，翻译张京正在认真地做笔记。杨讲完后，他瞥了一眼右边的外交部长王毅，让他发言，然后张说：“我先翻译好吗？”当美方在等待翻译结果时，杨说：“好吧，你来翻译”，并用英语补充道：“这是对翻译的考验。”之后，美方说：“我们要给翻译加薪！”然后，张继续冷静地翻译了杨长达15分钟的演讲)”可推知，张静在紧张的气氛中专心翻译。故选D项。
2．词句猜测题。根据根据前文“On Sunday, the hashtag “China-U.S. Talks Female Interpreter Zhang Jing” had reached 200 millin views(周日，“中美对话女翻译张京”的话题点击量达到了2亿)”可知，it表示前文提到的张京成为网红这件事。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段“One vide f the first sessin f the diplmatic talks shws hw Yang Jiechi starts his respnse t the American side at 8.30 minutes, ging n until the 24.36-minute mark. Next t him, interpreter Zhang Jing is fiercely taking ntes. When Yang finishes speaking, he glances t freign minister Wang Yi n his right t let him speak, after which Zhang says, “Shall I first translate?” While the U.S. side was awaiting the translatin, Yang then says: “Ok, yu translate,” adding in English: “It’s a test fr the interpreter,” after which the American side says “We’re gnna give the translatr a raise!” Zhang then ges ahead and calmly translates Yang’s entire 15-minute speech.(第一场外交会谈的一段视频显示，杨洁篪从8分30秒开始对美方作出回应，一直持续到24分36秒。在他旁边，翻译张京正在认真地做笔记。杨讲完后，他瞥了一眼右边的外交部长王毅，让他发言，然后张说：“我先翻译好吗？”当美方在等待翻译结果时，杨说：“好吧，你来翻译”，并用英语补充道：“这是对翻译的考验。”之后，美方说：“我们要给翻译加薪！”然后，张继续冷静地翻译了杨长达15分钟的演讲)”可知，张京翻译了一段15分钟的翻译，美方认为张京的工作很艰难，所以提出给翻译加薪。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““There are still peple saying it’s nt imprtant t learn English,” anther Weib user writes: “But if that were true, hw culd we educate brilliant interpreters like her? Hw else culd we quarrel with Americans at the cnference table?!”(“还是有人说学英语不重要，”另一位微博用户写道，“但如果这是真的，我们怎么能培养出像她这样优秀的口译员呢？不然我们怎么能在会议桌上和美国人争吵呢？！”)”可知，张京是强调培养优秀口译员和学好英语重要性的一个很好的例子。故选C项。
5．推理判断题。纵观全文，本文主要讲述了中国女翻译张京从容、优雅、准确翻译了一段长达15分钟的演讲，在网络上引起热议，被很多人视为偶像，所以这是一篇新闻报道，介绍中国女翻译张京，和科学无关，所以本文最不可能来自科学报告。故选A项。
Passage 2
（22-23高三上·天津南开·期中）Chsing a majr is ne f the biggest decisins yu’ll make while yu’re in cllege. It’s imprtant that yu make yur chice cnfidently and after sme cnsideratin.
There’s Nthing Wrng With Being “Undecided”.
Between 20% and 50% f cllege freshmen enter schl withut a declared majr. Keep in mind that there’s nthing wrng with remaining “undecided” r “undeclared” fr the first few years f yur cllege career. Yu can use this time t decide what yu’re interested in. Als, keep in mind that even if yu d declare a majr yur freshman year, yu can always change yur mind. Abut ne-third f first-time cllege students change their majr within three years. Even mre, ver 60% f cllege graduates say they wuld g back and change their majr if they culd, primarily t pursue their passin areas and expand their jb pprtunities.
Explre Yur Passins and Abilities.
Set aside sme time t really explre yur passins and take stck f yur unique abilities. With an undeclared majr t start, yu can take time t really develp int what interests yu. Jin clubs arund campus t cnnect with fellw students wh share yur interests. Take electives in areas that yu might nt therwise have an pprtunity t experience. Fr example, when else might yu be able t take a petry curse r an art histry seminar? Cllege is the perfect time t step ut f yur bx and expand yur hrizns. As a student with an undeclared majr, yu’re uniquely psitined t d just that.
Cnsider Emplyment Opprtunities.
While it’s imprtant t chse a majr that interests yu, it’s als critical t chse a cllege majr that will prvide yu with future emplyment pprtunities. Statistically, the cllege majrs that tend t have the mst earning pwer are in STEM. These majrs might include health sciences r cmputer engineering. Business majrs can als expect a higher than average earning ptential. That being said, emplyers frequently recgnize that graduates wh majred in the liberal arts have valuable sft skills, t, including strng cmmunicatin, written and verbal skills, and leadership abilities. The key is t pick a majr that will be marketable fr the career yu’re interested in pursuing.
Talk t an Academic Advisr.
If yu need a little guidance, set up an appintment with an academic advisr r career cunselrs. Career develpment cunselrs and academic advisrs can help yu narrw dwn yur ptins. If yu have an idea f what classes yu’ve mst enjyed and what career paths are mst appealing t yu, wrking with ne f these prfessinals might be the final push yu need t pick a majr.
Still have sme dubts nw? Yu can submit yur questins Here.
1．What can we learn frm the secnd paragraph?
A．Mst graduates went back t cllege and changed their majrs fr a brighter future.
B．Mst students frequently change their majrs thrughut their cllege years.
C．It is all right t remain undecided n majrs fr nly the freshman year.
D．Yu dn’t necessarily need t declare yur majrs upn entering cllege.
2．Yu are advised t take electives as described in the third paragraph because ______.
A．the curses and seminars are ppular with cllege students
B．it helps yu fully explre where yur interest lies
C．yu can share yur cmmn interest with yur fellw students
D．yur majr lies in the areas, yu can’t miss them
3．An example f having gd sft skills is that ______.
A．yu express yurself well in a cntrversial business discussin
B．yu fix the technical prblems f cmputers in yur ffice easily
C．yu quickly figure ut why the cmmunicatin equipment desn’t wrk
D．yu never delegate but shulder mre f the wrklad at wrk
4．Which f the fllwing statements is Nt True?
A．Yur majr shuld be a reflectin f yur interests and career gals.
B．Chse a majr that will give yu future emplyment pprtunities.
C．An academic advisr r career cunselrs will decide the majr fr yu.
D．Yu shuld chse yur majr carefully and cnfidently.
5．Which f the fllwing is the passage prbably taken frm?
A．A travel cmmentary.B．A website page.
C．A university guide.D．A ppular magazine.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B
【导语】
本文一篇应用文。短文介绍了如何选择大学的专业。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Between 20% and 50% f cllege freshmen enter schl withut a declared majr. Keep in mind that there’s nthing wrng with remaining “undecided” r “undeclared” fr the first few years f yur cllege career. Yu can use this time t decide what yu’re interested in.( 20%到50%的大学新生入学时没有指定专业。请记住，在大学生涯的前几年保持“犹豫不决”或“未定”并没有什么错。你可以利用这段时间来决定你感兴趣的专业)”可知，你不必在进入大学时就决定你的专业。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Set aside sme time t really explre yur passins and take stck f yur unique abilities. With an undeclared majr t start, yu can take time t really develp int what interests yu. Jin clubs arund campus t cnnect with fellw students wh share yur interests. Take electives in areas that yu might nt therwise have an pprtunity t experience.( 留出一些时间来真正探索你的激情，评估你的独特能力。有了一个未公开的专业开始，你可以花时间去真正深入研究你感兴趣的东西。加入校园俱乐部，与志同道合的同学建立联系。参加一些你可能没有机会体验的选修课.)”可知，建议你参加选修课，因为它能帮助你充分探索自己的兴趣所在。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“That being said, emplyers frequently recgnize that graduates wh majred in the liberal arts have valuable sft skills, t, including strng cmmunicatin, written and verbal skills, and leadership abilities.(话虽如此，雇主们通常都认为文科专业的毕业生也有宝贵的软技能，包括良好的沟通能力、书面和口头表达能力以及领导能力.) ”可知，软技能是指良好的沟通能力、书面和口头表达以及领导能力。因此推知，你在有争议的商业讨论中很好地表达自己是一种良好的软技能。故选A项。
4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If yu need a little guidance, set up an appintment with an academic advisr r career cunselrs. Career develpment cunselrs and academic advisrs can help yu narrw dwn yur ptins. (如果你需要一些指导，和学术顾问或职业顾问约个时间。职业发展顾问和学术顾问可以帮助你缩小选择范围.)”可知，学术顾问或职业顾问会会帮助我们缩小选择范围。故C选项“学术顾问或职业顾问会为你决定专业”错误。故选C项。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still have sme dubts nw? Yu can submit yur questins Here.( 现在还有些疑惑吗?你可以在这里提交问题.)”可推知，本文来自网页。故选B项。
Passage 3
（2022·天津·一模）It’s hard t turn dwn hamburgers, French fries, ptat chips and all f the ther junk fd that seem t call ut t us. Hwever, eating t much junk fd can harm yur bdy, particularly if yu’re between the ages f 10 and 19.
“Junk fd shapes adlescent brains in ways that impair (损害) their ability t think, learn and remember. It can als make it harder t cntrl impulsive (冲动的) behavirs, said Amy Reichelt, a brain and nutritin specialist at Western University, Canada. “It may even increase a teen’s risk f depressin and anxiety.”
Reichelt and tw ther researchers reviewed mre than 100 studies, including their wn, abut hw pr fd chices can impact adlescent brains. They fund adlescents are mre sensitive than any ther age grup t prcessed fds with a lt f fat and sugar as their brains are nt yet fully frmed.
Adlescent brains are still develping the ability t assess risks and cntrl actins. The prefrntal crtex (前额皮质) is the part f the brain that tells us we shuldn’t eat chips all the time and helps us resist that urge. Hwever, this regin is the last t mature — it desn’t fully develp until we are in ur early 20s.
Meanwhile, teen brains get mre buzz (兴奋) frm rewards. The parts f the brain that make us feel gd when we d smething pleasurable — like eating tasty fds — are fully develped by the teen years.
In fact, these regins are even mre sensitive when we are yung. That’s because dpamine (多巴胺), a natural chemical that lifts ur md when we experience smething gd, is especially active in adlescent brains.
Therefre, the teen brain has tw strikes against it when it cmes t resisting junk fd. “It has a heightened drive fr rewards and reduced self-regulatin,” said Reichelt.
Reichelt and her team cnducted their wn study using mice, whse brains develp much like ur wn. They discvered that the “teenage” mice that had a high-fat diet perfrmed wrse n memry tests than thse eating a nrmal diet. Researchers said the high-fat diet may make the mice’s prefrntal crtex wrk less effectively.
S, what’s the best way t say n t junk fd? Researchers suggest exercise. When we exercise, the brain’s reward system becmes less sensitive t fd cues (线索). Exercise als triggers the bdy t make a prtein that helps brain cells grw and bsts cnnectins between the prefrntal crtex and ther brain regins. The prefrntal crtex thus can wrk better t help us make wise decisins and cntrl ur impulses.
1．What is the purpse f the first tw paragraphs?
A．T figure ut what junk fd is.
B．T explain the dangers f junk fd.
C．T shw hw junk fd affect the brain.
D．T analyze why junk fd is hard t resist.
2．What makes it harder fr yung peple t resist junk fd accrding t the study?
A．Prcessed fd makes them sensitive.
B．It is hard t cntrl impulsive behavirs.
C．Their still-develping prefrntal crtex.
D．The lw level f dpamine in their brains.
3．What did the study n mice prve?
A．Our md culd suffer frm eating junk fd.
B．High-fat diets may negatively affect ur creativity.
C．The brain f a muse is similar t that f a persn’s.
D．High-fat diets can harm ur ability t prcess infrmatin.
4．Hw des exercise help us accrding t the last paragraph?
A．It reduces the desire fr junk fd.
B．It activates the brain’s reward system.
C．It helps the prefrntal crtex wrk better with dpamine.
D．It makes the bdy prduce a prtein that cntrls ur impulses.
5．What clumn f the newspaper is the article prbably taken frm?
A．Fashin.B．Technlgy.C．Health.D．Entertainment.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了科学家的一项研究，研究表明了垃圾食品对于青春期孩子大脑的伤害。
1．推理判断题。由第一段中的“Hwever, eating t much junk fd can harm yur bdy, particularly if yu’re between the ages f 10 and 19. (然而，吃太多垃圾食品会伤害你的身体，尤其是如果你的年龄在10到19岁之间)”和第二段““Junk fd shapes adlescent brains in ways that impair (损害) their ability t think, learn and remember. It can als make it harder t cntrl impulsive (冲动的) behavirs, said Amy Reichelt, a brain and nutritin specialist at Western University, Canada. “It may even increase a teen’s risk f depressin and anxiety.”(加拿大西部大学的大脑和营养专家艾米·雷切尔特说：“垃圾食品塑造青少年大脑的方式会削弱他们的思考、学习和记忆能力。垃圾食品还会使他们更难控制冲动行为。垃圾食品甚至可能会增加青少年患抑郁症和焦虑症的风险。”)”可知，作者通过前两段意在表明垃圾食品的危害。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。由第三段中的“They fund adlescents are mre sensitive than any ther age grup t prcessed fds with a lt f fat and sugar as their brains are nt yet fully frmed. (他们发现，青少年比任何其他年龄段的人都对含有大量脂肪和糖的加工食品更敏感，因为他们的大脑尚未完全形成)”和第四段中的“The prefrntal crtex (前额皮质) is the part f the brain that tells us we shuldn’t eat chips all the time and helps us resist that urge. Hwever, this regin is the last t mature — it desn’t fully develp until we are in ur early 20s. (前额皮质是大脑的一部分，它告诉我们不应该一直吃薯条，并帮助我们抵制这种冲动。然而，这个地区是最后一个成熟的地区——直到我们20出头，它才完全发育)”可知，前额皮质能帮助我们抵制一直想吃薯条的这种冲动，但年轻人更难抵制垃圾食品，是因为前额皮质仍在发育中。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Reichelt and her team cnducted their wn study using mice, whse brains develp much like ur wn. They discvered that the “teenage” mice that had a high-fat diet perfrmed wrse n memry tests than thse eating a nrmal diet. Researchers said the high-fat diet may make the mice’s prefrntal crtex wrk less effectively. (Reichelt和她的团队使用老鼠进行了他们自己的研究，老鼠的大脑发育很像我们自己的大脑。他们发现，高脂肪饮食的“青少年”老鼠在记忆测试中的表现比正常饮食的老鼠差。研究人员表示，高脂肪饮食可能会降低小鼠前额叶皮质的工作效率)”可知，老鼠的大脑发育很像我们自己的大脑，而高脂肪饮食会（像损害老鼠一样）损害我们处理信息的能力（如记忆力差）。故选D项。
4．细节理解题。由最后一段中的“S, what’s the best way t say n t junk fd? Researchers suggest exercise. (那么，对垃圾食品说不的最好方式是什么？研究人员建议进行锻炼)”可知，锻炼有助于人们抵制垃圾食品，减少人们对垃圾食品的欲望。故选A项。
5．推理判断题。通过全文可知，本文主要讲了科学家的一项研究，研究表明了垃圾食品对于青春期孩子大脑的伤害，与健康有关，可能出自报纸“健康”版块。故选C项。
Passage 1
（2024·天津·高考真题）Our teacher, Miss Chevalier was a small wman, with a mn face, fatty fingers and curls that sprang straight up frm her head, hence the funny name “Pdle (卷毛狗)”. She taught in ur reading club. Smetimes she wuld lk in and ask what we were reading — nt t check but t knw.
That’s what happened the day my club was reading alud a pem by Henry Lngfellw. I guess I was better than the thers, fr Miss Chevalier asked a while later, “Addie, I was wndering if yu wuld recite the whle pem t the Saturday evening’s club.” She said a famus prfessr was ging t give a lecture abut the pet, and a presentatin f that pem wuld be a fresh way t start.
She asked me t memrize it. “But that shuldn’t be a prblem fr a child f yur ability,” she added. I’m telling yu, my happy feet barely tuched the grund all the way hme. T me, that was the biggest thing ever and I sn learned the whle pem by heart, well prepared fr ur first rehearsal.
I was desperately nervus when I went t her ffice the next day. But the gd thing was she always had the smile that wuld make yu feel like yu just did smething right.
Halfway thrugh the pem, Miss Chevalier stpped me and asked if I knew what “impetuus” meant. Despite her encuraging smile, I wanted t sink thrugh the flr because I was unsure abut its prnunciatin as well as its meaning. Miss Chevalier pretended nt t have nticed my red face and handed me a dictinary, asking me t read its definitin alud. “Impetuus has tw definitins: rushing with great frce r vilence; acting suddenly, with little thught. ”
She asked me which ne fitted the pem. I read bth definitins ver again, trying t figure it ut, but Miss Chevalier must have read my mind. “There is n wrng answer,” she said, “I want t knw yur pinin, Addie.” Hesitantly, I said, “Maybe… bth.”
She liked that. “One has t be impetuus bth ways r they wuldn’t dare t face up t any challenge. Wuld yu call yurself impetuus?”
I knew she was asking fr an pinin. “My mther thinks being impetuus fr girls is imprper, anyway.”
She said my mm was smewhat right abut that. “But girls shuld als be wise t take up challenges when needed. I believe yu are such a girl.”
After that, I wuld never call Miss Chevalier “Pdle” again.
1．Why was Addie asked t recite Lngfellw’s pem t the Saturday evening’s club?
A．T help with her perfrmance.
B．T get the attentin f her classmates.
C．T set an example fr the rest f the class.
D．T try a new way t warm up the cming lecture.
2．Why did Addie feel happy n her way hme?
A．An event was ging t happen.
B．She was fully ready fr her first rehearsal.
C．She gained recgnitin fr her perfrmance.
D．She memrized the pem sner than thers.
3．What can be learned abut Miss Chevalier’s persnality frm the way she treated Addie?
A．Caring and cnsiderate.B．Easyging and carefree.
C．Curius and pen-minded.D．Disciplined and strng-willed.
4．Hw did Miss Chevalier succeed in making Addie truly understand the wrd “impetuus”?
A．By asking Addie t define it in her wn way.
B．By interpreting the tw definitins separately.
C．By cnsulting the dictinary fr its definitins.
D．By linking its definitins t Addie’s situatins.
5．What is the prbable reasn that Addie wuld never call Miss Chevalier “Pdle” again?
A．She fllwed her mther’s advice.B．She made up her mind t be a plite girl.
C．She was tuched by Miss Chevalier’s trust.D．She felt Miss Chevalier’s teaching funny.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了老师希望作者以诗歌朗诵的形式为周六晚上的演讲活动来暖场，排练时作者有一个词不懂，老师耐心引导作者理解，使作者逐渐领悟该词词义，作者很感动。
1．细节理解题。由第二段中“She said a famus prfessr was ging t give a lecture abut the pet, and a presentatin f that pem wuld be a fresh way t start. (她说一位著名的教授要给这位诗人做讲座，而这首诗的演讲将是一个新的开始)”可知，老师谢瓦利埃小姐希望作者以诗歌朗诵的形式为周六晚上的演讲活动来暖场，D项“尝试一种新的方式来为即将到来的讲座热身”符合题意。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。由第三段中““But that shuldn’t be a prblem fr a child f yur ability,” she added. (“但对于你这种能力的孩子来说，这应该不是问题，”她补充道)”可知，老师信任作者的朗诵能力，她感到非常高兴，C项“她的表现获得了认可”符合题意。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。由第四段中“But the gd thing was she always had the smile that wuld make yu feel like yu just did smething right. (但好的是，她总是面带微笑，让你觉得你做得对)”和第五段中“Despite her encuraging smile, I wanted t sink thrugh the flr because I was unsure abut its prnunciatin as well as its meaning. Miss Chevalier pretended nt t have nticed my red face and handed me a dictinary, asking me t read its definitin alud. (尽管她微笑着鼓励我，但我还是想沉下去，因为我不确定它的发音和含义。谢瓦利埃小姐假装没有注意到我的脸红，递给我一本词典，让我大声朗读它的定义)”可知，老师对作者很关爱和耐心指导。由此推知，老师是一个关心人和体贴的人。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。由第六段中““There is n wrng answer,” she said, “I want t knw yur pinin, Addie.”(“没有错误的答案，”她说，“我想知道你的意见，艾迪)”，第七段中“One has t be impetuus bth ways r they wuldn’t dare t face up t any challenge. Wuld yu call yurself impetuus? (一个人必须左右都冲动，否则他们不敢面对任何挑战。你会说自己冲动吗？)”， 第八段中“My mther thinks being impetuus fr girls is imprper, anyway. (不管怎样，我妈妈认为对女孩冲动是不合适的)” 和第九段“She said my mm was smewhat right abut that. “But girls shuld als be wise t take up challenges when needed. I believe yu are such a girl.”(她说我妈妈说得对。“但女孩们也应该明智地在需要时接受挑战。我相信你就是这样一个女孩。”)”可知，通过教师与作者对话的叙述，教师通过一系列问题把作者的成长背景和“impetuus”词义联系起来，使作者逐渐领悟该词词义，D项“把它的定义与艾迪的情况联系起来”符合题意。故选D项。
5．推理判断题。由第九段中“But girls shuld als be wise t take up challenges when needed. I believe yu are such a girl. (但女孩们也应该明智地在需要时接受挑战。我相信你就是这样一个女孩)”可推知，老师的信任令作者感动，所以作者再也不会称谢瓦利埃小姐为“卷毛狗”。故选C项。
Passage 2
（2023·天津·高考真题）Getting the “side-eye” lk frm yur dg can make it seem like they are making a judgement abut yu, and sme new studies suggest they really culd be.
The ability t judge thers’ intentins is an indicatr f pssessing “thery f mind” which was nce thught t be unique t humans. Hwever, new studies have shwn that dgs can read human behaviur and have a preference t peple wh are mre friendly r generus with fd.
One such study published in 2023 aimed t see if dgs can tell the difference between humans wh are “unwilling” r “unable” t give them a treat. 96 dgs were invlved in bth “unwilling” and “unable” scenaris (情境) designed fr the study. Bth scenaris invlved a dg being placed n ne side f a glass screen with small hles in it at nse-height, and an experimenter standing n the ther. In the ‘unwilling’ scenari, the experimenter wuld hang a piece f sausage in frnt f the screen in a ‘teasing’ (戏耍的) manner, and apprach ne f the hles. But instead f passing it thrugh the hle t the dg, they wuld then pull it ut f its reach. Fr the “unable” scenari, the experimenter wuld again mve the treat twards the hle while the dg watched, but “accidentally” drp it befre they culd pass it thrugh.
The researchers bserved that the dgs were much mre patient, making mre eye cntact and staying clser t the screen after the “unable” scenari played ut. In the “unwilling” scenari, hwever, the dgs lked at the experimenter less ften, sat, lay dwn and wandered arund mre frequently.
Anther study frm 2021 tested fr “thery f mind” in dgs in a similar way, but the dgs were able t walk rund the screen t btain the treat after witnessing the experimenter’s “unwilling” r “unable” behaviur. The main finding was that the dgs apprached the experimenter significantly sner in the unable scenari than in the unwilling scenari.
Hwever, the researchers f the 2023 study challenged that the fd drpped n the flr in the clumsy (笨拙的) manner might have mtivated the dgs t apprach the experimenter cnsidering that they prbably ften btain fd drpped n the flr in their daily lives.
Nw, mre evidence has been prvided that dgs distinguish between similar actins assciated with different intentins. But hw exactly they acquire such intentin-reading abilities will be an exciting tpic fr future research.
1．What is ne f the new research findings accrding t Paragraph 2?
A．Dgs als have “thery f mind”.
B．Dgs prefer fd frm generus peple.
C．Human behaviurs are mstly intentinal.
D．Friendly animals can get fd mre easily.
2．What did the experimenter d in the “unwilling” scenari in the 2023 study?
A．They acted awkwardly while feeding the dg.
B．They pretended t walk slwly away frm the dg.
C．They teased the dg by fixing the treat t the screen.
D．They pulled the sausage beynd the dg’s reach.
3．Hw did the dgs f the 2023 study respnd t the “unable” behaviur?
A．By mving clser t the experimenter.
B．By keeping wandering arund.
C．By ignring the experimenter.
D．By lying still n the flr
4．Hw des the experiment design f the 2021 study differ frm that f 2023?
A．The dgs can watch the experimenter.
B．The dgs can g t the ther side f the screen.
C．The dgs’ respnses are under clse bservatin.
D．The dgs’ habitual behaviurs are under analysis.
5．What d the dgs’ different respnses in “unwilling” and “unable” scenaris suggest?
A．Dgs can tell “being friendly” frm “being mean”
B．Dgs’ intelligence is gradually evlving.
C．Dgs’ intentins can be easily identified.
D．Dgs are a lt mre emtinal than ther animals.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一些新的研究发现，狗可能会判断他人的意图，可以读懂人类的行为，并且更喜欢那些更友好或对食物更慷慨的人。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The ability t judge thers’ intentins is an indicatr f pssessing “thery f mind” which was nce thught t be unique t humans. Hwever, new studies have shwn that dgs can read human behaviur and have a preference t peple wh are mre friendly r generus with fd.(判断他人意图的能力是拥有“心智理论”的一个指标，这一度被认为是人类所独有的。然而，新的研究表明，狗可以读懂人类的行为，并且更喜欢那些更友好或对食物更慷慨的人。)”可知，判断他人意图的能力是拥有“心智理论”的一个指标，而新的研究表明，狗可以读懂人类的行为，由此可知，新研究发现狗应该也有“心智理论”。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the ‘unwilling’ scenari, the experimenter wuld hang a piece f sausage in frnt f the screen in a ‘teasing’ (戏耍的) manner, and apprach ne f the hles. But instead f passing it thrugh the hle t the dg, they wuld then pull it ut f its reach.(在“不情愿”的场景中，实验人员会以“戏弄”的方式在屏幕前挂一块香肠，并接近其中一个洞。但他们不是把食物从洞里递给狗，而是把食物拉到狗够不着的地方。)”可知，在不情愿场景中，实验人员不是把实物给狗吃，而是把食物拉到一个狗够不着的地方。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The researchers bserved that the dgs were much mre patient, making mre eye cntact and staying clser t the screen after the “unable” scenari played ut.(研究人员观察到，在“无能为力”的场景结束后，狗狗们更有耐心了，他们会进行更多的眼神交流，并离屏幕更近。)”可知，在“无能为力”的场景结束后，狗会预实验人员进行眼神交流，并且离屏幕更近，由此可知，狗对“无能为力”的行为回应是更愿意接近实验者。故选A项。
4．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Anther study frm 2021 tested fr “thery f mind” in dgs in a similar way, but the dgs were able t walk rund the screen t btain the treat after witnessing the experimenter’s “unwilling” r “unable” behaviur.(2021年的另一项研究以类似的方式测试了狗的“心智理论”，但狗在目睹了实验者的“不愿意”或“无能为力”行为后，能够绕着屏幕走，以获得奖励。)”可知，2021年的研究中，在狗目睹了实验者的“不愿意”或者“无能为力”后，能绕着屏幕走以获取奖励，由此可知，狗会去屏幕的另一边。故选B项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Hwever, new studies have shwn that dgs can read human behaviur and have a preference t peple wh are mre friendly r generus with fd.(然而，新的研究表明，狗可以读懂人类的行为，并且更喜欢那些更友好或对食物更慷慨的人。)”可知，新研究表明，都能够读懂人类的行为，且喜欢那些更友好或者对食物更慷慨的人，进而在下文中的对该项研究过程进行阐述，由此可知，狗在“不愿意”和“无能为力”情况下的不同反应说明了狗能分辨“友善”和“刻薄”。故选A项。
Passage 3
（2022·天津·高考真题）Ralph Emersn nce said that the purpse f life is nt t be happy, but t be useful, t be lving, t make sme difference in he wrld. While we appreciate such wrds f wisdm, we rarely try t fllw them in ur lives.
Mst peple prefer t live a gd life themselves, ignring their respnsibilities fr the wrld. This narrw perceptin f a gd life may prvide shrt-term benefits, but is sure t lead t lng-term harm and suffering. A gd life based n cmfrt and luxury may eventually lead t mre pain be-cause we spil ur health and even ur character, principles, ideals, and relatinships.
What then, is the secret f a gd life? A gd life is a prcess, nt a state f being : a directin, nt a destinatin. We have t earn a gd life by first serving thers withut any expectatin in return because their happiness is the very surce f ur wn happiness. Mre imprtantly, we must knw urselves inside ut. Only when we examine urselves deeply can we discver ur abilities and recgnize ur limitatins, and then wrk accrdingly t create a better wrld.
The first requirement fr a gd life is having a lving heart. When we d certain right things merely as a duty, we find ur jb s tiresme that we’ll sn burn ut. Hwever, when we d that same jb ut f lve, we nt nly enjy what we d, but als d it with an effrtless feeling.
Hwever, lve alne is insufficient t lead a gd life. Lve smetimes blinds us t the reality. Cnsequently, ur gd intentins may nt lead t gd results. T achieve desired utcme, thse wh want t d gd t thers als need t equip themselves with accurate wrld knwledge. False knwledge is mre dangerus than ignrance. If lve is the engine f a car knwledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks pwer, the car can’t mve; if the driver lses cntrl f the steering, a rad accident prbably ccurs. Only with lve in heart and the right knwledge in mind can we lead a gd life.
With lve and knwledge, we g all ut t create a better wrld by ding gd t thers. When we see the impact f ur gd wrk n the wrld we give meaning t ur life and earn lasting jy and happiness.
1．What effect des the narrw perceptin f a gd life have n us?
A．Making us simple-mindedB．Making us shrt-sighted.
C．Leading us nt a busy rad.D．Keeping us frm cmfrt and luxury.
2．Accrding t the authr, hw can ne gain true happiness?
A．Thrugh maintaining gd health.
B．By ging thrugh pain and suffering.
C．By recgnizing ne’s abilities and limitatins.
D．Thrugh ffering help much needed by thers.
3．Accrding t Paragraph 4, ding certain right things with a lving heart makes ne________.
A．less selfishB．less annying
C．mre mtivatedD．mre respnsible
4．In what case may gd intentins fail t lead t desired results?
A．When we have wrng knwledge f the wrld.
B．When ur lve fr the wrld is insufficient.
C．When we are insensitive t dangers in life.
D．When we stay blind t the reality.
5．Accrding t Paragraph 5, life can be made truly gd when ________.
A．inspired by lve and guided by knwledge
B．directed by lve and pushed by knwledge
C．purified by lve and enriched by knwledge
D．prmted by lve and defined by knwledge
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而是生而有益。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This narrw perceptin f a gd life may prvide shrt-term benefits, but is sure t lead t lng-term harm and suffering.(这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，但肯定会导致长期的伤害和痛苦。)”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法只能给我们带来短期的好处，所以时间长了会让我们目光短浅、短视。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We have t earn a gd life by first serving thers withut any expectatin in return because their happiness is the very surce f ur wn happiness.(我们必须先为他人服务而不求回报，因为他人的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉。)”可知，我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Hwever, when we d that same jb ut f lve, we nt nly enjy what we d, but als d it with an effrtless feeling.(然而，当我们出于热爱做同样的工作时，我们不仅享受我们做的事情，而且也享受那种毫不费力的感觉。)”可知，带着热爱去做事会让人更加享受做这件事情；越享受做某件事，做事越有动力。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“False knwledge is mre dangerus than ignrance.(虚假的知识比无知更危险。)”可以推测出，当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、违背预期的结局。故选A项。
5．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“With lve and knwledge, we g all ut t create a better wrld by ding gd t thers.(带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过对他人做好事来创造一个更美好的世界。)”可知，有爱和知识，生活就会变得更美好。故选A项。
Passage 4
（2022·天津·高考真题）Is it true that ur brain alne is respnsible fr human cgnitin(认知)? What abut ur bdy? Is it pssible fr thught and behavir t riginate frm smewhere ther than ur brain? Psychlgists wh study Embdied Cgnitin(EC) ask similar questins. The EC thery suggests ur bdy is als respnsible fr thinking r prblem-slving. Mre precisely, the mind shapes the bdy and the bdy shapes the mind in equal measure.
If yu think abut it fr a mment, it makes ttal sense. When yu smell smething gd r hear amusing sunds, certain emtins are awakened. Think abut hw newbrns use their senses t understand the wrld arund them. They dn’t have emtins s much as needs—they dn’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need fd. Even unbrn babies can feel their mthers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real wrld，they cry when they’re cld and then get hugged. That way, they start t as-sciate being warm with being lved.
Understandably, therists have been arguing fr years and still disagree n whether the brain is the nerve centre that perates the rest f the bdy. Older Western philsphers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact, while EC therises that the brain and bdy are wrking tgether as an rganic supercmputer, prcessing everything and frming yur reactins.
Further studies have backed up the mind-bdy interactin. In ne experiment, test subjects(实验对象) were asked t judge peple after being handed a ht r a cld drink. They all made warm evaluatins when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than clness. And it wrks the ther way t; in anther study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being “included” in r “rejected” frm a grup task. Thse wh were included felt physically warmer.
Fr further prf, we can lk at the metaphrs(比喻说法) that we use withut even thinking. A kind and sympathetic persn is frequently referred t as ne with a sft heart and smene wh is very strng and calm in difficult situatins is ften described as slid as a rck. And this kind f metaphrical use is cmmn acrss languages.
Nw that yu have the knwledge f mind-bdy interactin, why nt use it? If yu’re having a bad day, a warm cup f tea will give yu a flash f pleasure. If yu knw yu’re physically cld, warm up befre making any interpersnal decisins.
1．Accrding t the authr, the significance f the EC thery lies in ________.
A．facilitating ur understanding f the rigin f psychlgy
B．revealing the majr rle f the mind in human cgnitin
C．ffering a clearer picture f the shape f human brain
D．bringing us clser t the truth in human cgnitin
2．Where des the new brns’ understanding f their surrundings start frm?
A．Their persnal lks.
B．Their mental needs.
C．Their inner emtins.
D．Their physical feelings.
3．The experiments mentined in Paragraph 4 further prve________.
A．envirnment impacts hw we judge thers
B．hw bdy temperature is related t health
C．the mind and the bdy influence each ther
D．hw humans interact with their surrundings
4．What des the authr intend t prve by citing the metaphrs in Paragraph 5?
A．Human speech is alive with metaphrs.
B．Human senses have effects n thinking.
C．Human language is shaped by visual images.
D．Human emtins are ften cmpared t natural materials.
5．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the last paragraph?
A．T share with the reader ways t release their emtins.
B．T guide the reader nt the path t career success.
C．T encurage the reader t put EC int practice.
D．T deepen the reader’s understanding f EC．
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了心理学家的一项EC理论表明，我们不是只有大脑负责人类的认知，我们的身体也负责思考或者解决问题。更准确的说思想塑造身体，身体同等程度地塑造思想。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The EC thery suggests ur bdy is als respnsible fr thinking r prblem-slving. Mre precisely, the mind shapes the bdy and the bdy shapes the mind in equal measure.(EC 理论表明，我们的身体也负责思考或解决问题。更准确地说，思维塑造身体，身体同等程度地塑造思维。)”可知，EC理论认为我们身体就像大脑一样塑造我们的认知，因此推断EC理论的意义在于让我们更接近人类认知的真理。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“They dn’t have emtins s much as needs—they dn’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need fd. Even unbrn babies can feel their mthers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real wrld，they cry when they’re cld and then get hugged. That way, they start t as-sciate being warm with being lved.(他们没有如同需要那么多的情感——他们不会感到悲伤，他们只是饿，需要食物。即使是未出生的婴儿也能感觉到母亲的心跳，这具有镇静作用。在现实世界中，他们冷了就哭，然后被拥抱。这样，他们开始将温暖与被爱联系起来。)”可知，新生儿对周围环境的理解依靠的是身体感觉。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段首句“Further studies have backed up the mind-bdy interactin.(进一步的研究支持了思想与身体的相互作用。)”接下来列举了两个实验“In ne experiment, test subjects(实验对象) were asked t judge peple after being handed a ht r a cld drink. They all made warm evaluatins when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than clness. (在一项实验中，测试对象被要求在递给热饮或冷饮后判断人。当他们的指尖感知到温暖而不是凉爽时，他们都做出了温暖的评价。)”表明，身体会影响到思想，以及“And it wrks the ther way t;in anther study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being “included” in r “rejected” frm a grup task. Thse wh were included felt physically warmer.(相反，也是如此；在另一项研究中，受试者的指尖温度是在被“纳入”或“拒绝”小组任务后测量的。那些被纳入在内的人感到身体温暖。)”表明身体会受到思想的影响，因此推断实验进一步证明了身体与思想间的相互作用。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的主题句“Fr further prf, we can lk at the metaphrs(比喻说法) that we use withut even thinking.(为了进一步证明，我们可以看看我们不假思索就使用的比喻说法）。)”以及下文的陈述“A kind and sympathetic persn is frequently referred t as ne with a sft heart and smene wh is very strng and calm in difficult situatins is ften described as slid as a rck.(一个善良和富有同情心的人经常被称为心软的人，而在困难的情况下非常坚强和冷静的人通常被描述为坚如磐石。)”说明人们使用身体触感比喻人可推断，作者通过陈述比喻手法是为了进一步证明我们人类的感觉对思维有影响。故选B项。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nw that yu have the knwledge f mind-bdy interactin, why nt use it?(既然您已经掌握了身心互动的知识，为什么不使用它呢？)”以及下文中列举的两种现实生活中的情况“If yu’re having a bad day, a warm cup f tea will give yu a flash f pleasure. If yu knw yu’re physically cld, warm up befre making any interpersnal decisins.(如果你今天过得很糟糕，一杯温暖的茶会给你带来一瞬间的快乐。如果你知道自己身体很冷，在做出任何人际关系决定之前先热身。)”可知，理论知识已经知道，且在现实生活中有一定的运用价值，所以作者最后一段是在鼓励读者把EC理论运用于现实生活中。故选C项。
Passage 5
（2021·天津·高考真题）When peple ask me hw I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt t wrk with language. Having said that, I did nt knw fr a lng time what I was lking fr. It was nt until I fllwed this feeling t its surce that I discvered I had a passin fr writing. With sme encuragement frm my clleagues, I had ne f my pems published. This bit f success, hwever, was the pint where my prblem began.
Back in 1978, I had t travel between three different campuses in the mrning, teaching freshman cmpsitin. Afternns I spent taking my daughter t her ballet and hrse-riding lessns. I cmpsed my lectures n the way, and that was all the thinking time I had. When I returned hme, there was nt enugh f me left fr writing after a full wrking day.
As a way ut, I decided t get up tw hurs befre my usual time. My alarm was set fr 5:00 A．M. The first day I shut it ff because I had placed it within arm's reach. The secnd day I set tw clcks, ne n my night table, and ne ut in the hallway. I had t jump ut f bed and run t silence it befre my family was awken. This was when my mrning writing began.
Since that first mrning in 1978, I have been fllwing the habit t this day, nt making r accepting many excuses fr nt writing. I wrte my pems in this manner fr nearly ten years befre my first bk was published. When I decided t write a nvel, I divided my tw hurs: the first fr petry, the secnd fr fictin. Well r badly, I wrte at least tw pages a day. This is hw my nvel, The Line f the Sun. was finished. If I had waited t have the time, I wuld still be waiting t write my nvel.
What I gt ut f getting up in the dark t wrk is the feeling that I am in cntrl. Fr many peple, the initial sense f urgency t create easily dies away because it requires making the tugh decisin: taking the time t create, stealing it frm yurself if ifs the nly way.
1．What mtivated the authr t start her writing career?
A．Her strng wish t share.
B．Her keen interest in writing.
C．Her urgent need t make a living.
D．Her passinate desire fr fame.
2．What prblem did the authr face when she decided t begin her writing?
A．She was t exhausted t write after a busy day.
B．She had truble in deciding n her writing style.
C．She had t take time t discipline her daughter.
D．She was unsure abut her writing skills.
3．Why did the authr place an alarm clck in the hallway?
A．In case the clck in her rm brke dwn.
B．In case she failed t hear the ringing.
C．T frce herself ut f bed.
D．T wake up her family.
4．Hw did the authr manage t finish her nvel?
A．By sticking t writing every mrning.
B．By writing when her mind was mst active.
C．By drawing inspiratins frm classic nvels.
D．By reducing her teaching hurs at schl.
5．What can we learn frm the authr's success in her writing career?
A．It is never t late t change yur jb.
B．Imaginative ideas die away if nt taken in time.
C．A tight schedule is n excuse fr lack f actin.
D．Daily life prvides ideas fr creative writing.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．C
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者喜爱写作并制定计划一直坚持下来。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When peple ask me hw I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt t wrk with language.”当人们问我是如何开始写作的时候，我发现自己在描述一种对语言的迫切需求。可知，促使作者开始她的写作生涯的原因是她对写作的强烈兴趣。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When I returned hme, there was nt enugh f me left fr writing after a full wrking day.”当我回到家时，在工作了一整天后，我写东西的精力已经不够了。可知，当作者决定开始写作时，因为她忙碌了一天之后，她筋疲力尽，无法再写作了。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The first day I shut it ff because I had placed it within arm's reach. The secnd day I set tw clcks, ne n my night table, and ne ut in the hallway.”第一天我把它关掉了，因为我把它放在触手可及的地方。第二天，我调了两个钟，一个放在床头柜上，一个放在走廊上。可知，作者在走廊里放了一个闹钟的原因是为了强迫自己起床。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Since that first mrning in 1978, I have been fllwing the habit t this day, nt making r accepting many excuses fr nt writing.”从1978年的第一个早晨开始，我一直遵循这个习惯，直到今天，不为不写作找任何借口。可知，作者能够写小说的原因是坚持每天早上写作。故选A项。
5．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What I gt ut f getting up in the dark t wrk is the feeling that I am in cntrl.”我从摸黑起床工作中得到的是一种掌控一切的感觉。以及文章第四段“Since that first mrning in 1978, I have been fllwing the habit t this day, nt making r accepting many excuses fr nt writing.”从1978年的第一个早晨开始，我一直遵循这个习惯，直到今天，不为不写作找任何借口。可知，紧凑的日程并不是不采取行动的借口。故选C项。