高考英语二轮讲义-完形填空（5大易错点+易错闯关训练）（全国通用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮讲义-完形填空（5大易错点+易错闯关训练）（全国通用）（教师版），共50页。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc6719" 第一部分 易错点剖析 PAGEREF _Tc6719 \h 1
易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三
\l "_Tc403" 易错01 熟词生义不理解而错选 PAGEREF _Tc403 \h 1
易错02 词类活用不理解而错选8
\l "_Tc11528" 易错03 课标生僻词不熟悉而错选12
\l "_Tc8651" 易错04 课标派生词不认识而错选17
\l "_Tc8651" 易错05 固定搭配不掌握而错选21
\l "_Tc11195" 第二部分 易错点闯关25
闯关01 记叙文完形填空3篇25
闯关02 说明文完形填空2篇34
易错点1: 熟词生义不理解而错选
易错典题
【例1】从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
(2025山东济南9月模拟) Mr. Daltn taught us plane gemetry(平面几何) 37 years ag. I was a quiet kid. I neither gt in much truble nr gt 41(nticed) . Smehw, plane gemetry really 42 fr me in his class.
...
What I experienced that day has 44 me well. I have been 45 (grateful) t Mr. Daltn fr empwering me t speak up as lng as I think I'm right.
42. A. clicked B. appeared C. faded D. existed
44. A. knwn B. suited C. served D. made
【易错点评】
42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不知怎的，我对在他的课上的平面几何豁然开朗。A. clicked豁然开朗，被突然明白；B. existed存在；C. accunted认为；D. twisted扭曲。根据后文“I cmpleted 24 prblems quickly”可知，作者很快地完成24道题，说明作者突然对Daltn老师的平面几何课豁然开朗。click 除了有“点击”的意思，还表示“豁然开朗，恍然大悟”。故选A。
44. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我那天的经历对我很有好处。A. knwn知道；B. suited适合；C. served对……有用，产生……的效果；D. made制作。根据后文“I have been 15 grateful t Mr. Daltn fr empwering me t speak up as lng as I think I’m right”可知，作者感激Daltn老师让自己勇于表达，说明那天的经历对作者很有好处。serve除了有“服务”的意思，还有“对……有用”的意思。serve sb. well表示“对某人很有帮助”。故选C项。
【错因分析】熟词生义是高考完形填空常见失分点，一方面考生词汇积累深度不够，另一方面针对性训练不够，不能依据特定语境做出合理推测和判断。
避错攻略
【方法总结】
1.归纳记忆法：主动整理高频熟词生义。如 bk (v. 预订)，fine (adj. 晴朗的；细致的)，develp (v. 冲洗胶片；患病的)，建立专属清单。
2.语境驱动：坚决摒弃第一反应。将句子作为最小记忆单位，通过上下文线索（如逻辑关系、主题场景）判断词义。
3.强化复习：在阅读和练习中，有意识地识别和回顾这些词汇的生僻含义，通过反复接触加深印象。
【干货必记】熟词生义用法50例
1.address (熟义:v.写地址 n.地址)
Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand is being addressed. (v.设法解决;处理)
2.advance(熟义:v.& n.前进,推进)
The new assistant asked fr an advance n her salary. (n.预付款)
3.against (熟义:prep.反对;逆着;依靠;与……竞争)
The painting lks nice against the white wall. (prep.以……为背景;映衬)
4.age (熟义:n.年龄)
Challenging wrk might help yur brain stay sharp as yu age. (v.变老)
5.annunce(熟义:v.宣布)
Warm sunshine annunces the appraching f the spring. (v.预示着)
6.balance(熟义:v.& n.平衡)
Make sure that yu g and check yur bank balance. (n.差额;余款)
The schl aims t balance the time spent n arts and science subjects. (v.权衡)
7.bar(熟义:n.棒,条;酒吧)
Pr health may be a bar t success in life. (n.障碍)
8.back(熟义:adv.& n.后面)
If yu backyur car ut f the driveway, I can get mine in. (v.使倒退)
Many f his friends backed his plan f creating anther platfrm. (v.支持)
9.blue(熟义:adj.蓝色的 n.蓝色)
Yur elder sister appeared blue when she failed in her experiment last time. (adj.忧伤的)
10.build(熟义:v.建设)
My persnal bdyguard has a slid build. (n.身材;体形)
11.badly(熟义:adv.坏地,恶劣地)
Bth sides want t win the cming final s badly. (adv.很,非常)
12.cause(熟义:v.致使)
These yung graduates are wrking fr a great cause and I am prud f them. (n.事业)
13.chance(熟义:n.机会)
I’m nt sure f my success, but let me take a chance. (n.冒险)
I chancedt see the famus scientist last Sunday. (v.碰巧)
14.cunt(熟义:n.& v.计算,数)
There are 10 peple in the classrm cunting tw teachers. (v.包括)
It is nt hw much yu read but what yu read that cunts. (v.有价值;重要)
15.cver(熟义:v.覆盖)
The turists had cvered 20 miles befre dark. (v.走完一段路)
Hw many pages have yu cvered? (v.看完多少页书)
Yesterday’s discussin cvered a lt f tpics. (v.涉及)
These dctrs’ stries were cvered in China Daily. (v.报道)
The mney will cver all yur expenses in the university. (v.够付)
16.crss(熟义:v.跨越,横穿 n.十字)
Dn’t be crsswith him. After all, he meant t help. (adj.生气的)
17.cut(熟义:v.割)
Buyers will try hard t cut the cst f the huse they want. (v.削减)
18.develp(熟义:v.发展;开发;研制)
Did yu have the films develped?(v.冲洗胶卷)
After develpinga strange disease, he develped an interest in medicine. (v.患病;逐渐形成)
19.digest(熟义:v.消化 n.文摘)
I struggle t digest the news in tday’s newspaper. (v.理解,领悟)
20.d (熟义:v.做)
The shes wn’t d fr muntain climbing. (v.行,适合)
What makes us relaxed is that everything is ding well. (v.进展)
21.dwn(熟义:adv.向下,在下面)
I have been dwn ever since I heard the news. (adj.情绪低落的)
22.emply(熟义:v.雇用)
The pliceemplyed frce t pen the dr. (v.利用,使用)
She was emplyedin preparing fr the sprts meet. (v.忙于)
23.escape(熟义:v.逃跑;逃脱)
His name escapesme fr the mment. (v.被忘掉;被忽视)
24.even(熟义:adv.甚至)
The rm shuld be kept at an even temperature. (adj.均匀的,稳定的)
The wman singer smiled, shwing her small even teeth. (adj.整齐的)
“I think yu are mistaken,” my mther said in an even tne. (adj.平静的;平和的)
25.express(熟义:v.表达)
Is there an express frm Nanjing t Shanghai? (n.快车)
I’ll expressthe sea fd t my parents. (v.快递)
26.fail(熟义:v.失败)
Trapped in a traffic jam, he failed t catch the train. (v.未能)
The prfessr is failing in health./The prfessr’s health is failing.(v.衰退,衰弱)
Wrds failedme t describe my inner feeling. (v.使失望;有负于;使无能为力)
27.fine(熟义:adj.美好的,很棒的,晴朗的)
The man will be fined if he parks the car there. (v.罚款)
28.frce (熟义:vt.强迫)
The hstess frced her way thrugh the crwd f reprters. (v.用力;强行移动)
My head teacher frced a smile when he saw me. (v.挤出)
29.fresh(熟义:adj.新鲜的)
There is a shrtage f fresh water n the island. (adj.淡的,无盐的)
The newcmer is clearly quite fresh t ffice wrk. (adj.无经验的)
30.fair(熟义:adj.公平的,合理的)
My sixty-year-ld grandma has lng fair hair. (adj.浅色的,白皙的)
An antiquefair will be held in the city f Qufu. (n.商品交易会,展销会)
31.figure(熟义:n.数字,图形)
I figuredthat if I tk the night train, I culd be in Sctland by the mrning. (vt.认为;认定)
Happily, my frmer deskmate is a leading figure in the music. (n.人物)
32.gain(熟义:v.获得,赢得)
Dn’t wrry. My watch gains. We still have time. (v. 钟表快)
Just taking nline lessns at hme, I have gained weight recently. (v.增加速度,重量)
33.g(熟义:vi.去;变得)
The infrmatin ges t prve my pint. (vi.对……有帮助,有助于……)
This imprted machine ges by electricity. (vi.机器运行,运转,工作)
Des everything g smthly these days?(v.进展)
The stry gesthat she has been married 5 times. (v. (故事)发生情况如何)
Frankly, the curtain desn’t g with the carpet. (vi.搭配)
34.hit(熟义:v.击中,打击)
The Indian film is quite a hit f this year. (n.成功;红极一时的人或事)
I culdn’t remember where I’d seen him befre, and then it hit me. (v.突然想起)
35.ht (熟义:adj.炎热的)
We’re waiting fr the ht news n the electin results. (adj.最新的)
She is ne f ur schl’s httest yung teachers. (adj.轰动的;走红的)
36.ill (熟义:adj.生病的;坏的;不良的)
The wild animals were bviusly ill treated in this place. (adv.坏地,糟糕地)
37.inch(熟义:n.英寸)
The slim waitress inched the table t the wall. (v. (使)缓慢移动)
38.key(熟义:n.钥匙;答案)
The keyfactr in the bridegrm’s success is his enthusiasm. (adj.关键的)
39.kid(熟义:n.小孩)
Take it easy. The captain is just kidding. (v.开玩笑;欺骗)
40.kill(熟义:v.杀掉,害死)
The three champins ften kill time by playing cards. (v.消磨时间)
The chemist’s jke killed the audience. (vt.使笑得要死)
41.last [熟义:adj.最后的 v.延续,够用(多久)]
This salesgirl is the last persn t tell a lie. (adj.最不可能的)
42.leave(熟义:v.离开;剩下;留下)
Having wrked hard fr a lng perid, he decided t take a mnth’s paid leave. (n.休假)
43.nbdy(熟义:prn.没有人)
The cach wants t be famus. He is tired f being nbdy. (n.小人物)
44.narrw(熟义:adj.狭窄的)
His cmpetitr had a narrw escape when his car ran n the ice. (adj.勉强的,刚刚好的)
45.bserve(熟义:vt.注意到,察觉到)
D they bserveChristmas Day in this cuntry? (vt.庆祝节日,举行仪式等)
The wrkers belnging t the factry must bserve the rules. (vt.遵守(规则、法律等))
46.practice(熟义:n.实践;练习)
He makes the practice f reading newspapers during breakfast. (n.惯例,习俗)
Where is yur medical practice?[n. (医师、律师的)工作地点]
47.prmise(熟义:v.& n.许诺)
The dark cluds prmise rain and yu’d better take an umbrella. (v.有……的希望;使……有可能)
48.particular(熟义:adj.特殊的)
She is very particular abut what she eats and wears. (adj.挑剔的,讲究的)
49.press(熟义:n.& v.按,压)
She presseda letter int the mailbx and ran away. (v.将……塞进……)
The pressseemed nt t be interested in this meeting. (n.新闻界,媒体)
50.raise(熟义:vt.提高;饲养)
We had t raisemney fr ur prject. (vt.筹集)
His behavir has raised sme peple’s dubt. (vt.引起)
举一反三
1. Fitness Magazine recently ______ an article titled “Five Reasns t Thank Yur Wrkut Partner.”
A. ran B. read C. wrte D. fund
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析（熟词僻义）。句意：《健身杂志》近期刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身搭档的五个理由》的文章。A. ran 刊登、发表；B. read 阅读；C. wrte 写；D. fund 发现。根据主语 “Fitness Magazine” 和宾语 “an article” 的搭配可知，此处指杂志发布内容，“run” 为熟词僻义，特指报纸、杂志等刊登、发表，是该领域的常用表达，其余选项代入后语义或使用场景均不符。故选A项。
2. In his speech, the entrepreneur emphasized that innvatin is the cre ______ f a cmpany’s develpment—nly by cnstantly creating new prducts can it stay cmpetitive.
A. barrier B. driver C. result D. burden
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位企业家在演讲中强调，创新是企业发展的核心驱动力 —— 唯有不断研发新产品，企业才能保持竞争力。A. barrier 障碍；B. driver 驱动力；C. result 结果；D. burden 负担。根据后文破折号后的解释 “nly by cnstantly creating new prducts can it stay cmpetitive” 可知，创新对企业发展起到推动作用，“driver” 契合这一语境，其余选项与文意相悖。故选B项。
3.His persnal feelings began t ______ his judgment, making it hard fr him t see the situatin clearly.
A. cver B. stp C. ‌clud‌ D. darken
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析（熟词僻义）。句意：他的个人情绪开始模糊他的判断力，让他难以看清局势。A. cver 遮盖；B. stp 阻止；C. clud 使模糊不清；D. darken（使）变暗。根据后文 “making it hard fr him t see the situatin clearly” 的语境提示可知，个人感情干扰并模糊了他的判断力，“clud” 此处为熟词僻义，作动词表示 “使模糊不清、使难以理解”，精准贴合语义，其余选项无法体现该含义。故选C项。
4.She ______ a dream jb as a cnsultant in Australia after sending ver 50 applicatins.
A. landed B. encuntered C. fund D. sptted
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析（熟词僻义）。句意：在投递了 50 多份申请后，她成功获得了澳大利亚一份顾问的理想工作。A. landed 成功获得；B. encuntered 偶遇；C. fund 找到；D. sptted 发现。“land” 此处为熟词僻义，指成功获得理想的工作、职位等，“land a dream jb” 是高考高频搭配，能体现 “多次申请后努力争取到心仪工作” 的语境；encuntered 表偶遇，fund 和 sptted 仅单纯表示 “找到” 的结果，均无此隐含含义。故选A项。
易错02 课标生僻词不熟悉而错选
易错典题
【例2】从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
(24-25高三上·广东·月考) His 11 predictive gesture wrked n Wednesday when Andersn cmpeted in her first Olympic Games as part f the wmen’s quadruple sculls (四人双桨) rwing team. Her team 12 the gld medal by a mere 0.15 secnds. After the race, Andersn reflected n her father’s firm supprt.
12. A. baggedB. frgttenC. lstD. recvered
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的队仅以0.15秒的优势获得金牌。A. bagged获得；B. frgtten忘记；C. lst丢失；D. recvered康复。根据下文“the gld medal by a mere 0.15 secnds”可知，她的队仅以0.15秒的优势获得金牌。故选A。
【错因分析】部分考生只知道bag作名词，表示“手提包，旅行袋”，而不知其可作动词，表示“获得，占有”。
(2025 哈三中10月模拟) I drpped a clay cking pt n my feet. Mre accurately, I slipped dwn the back steps f my huse n a rainy night, 41 thrwing the pt int the air. I managed t stay upright(挺直的) and 42 landed n my backside with my feet in frnt f me, but the pt als landed upright — and n my feet, breaking in tw. The ht juices I was trying t thrw int the utdr dustbin 43 flew in the air, and then rained dwn n me. At the very mment, I culd 44 the headline: Wman Dies Ding Dishes After Dinner.'
44.A. remember B. picture C. read D. appreciate
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。语境表示“就在那一刻，我能想象到一则新闻标题：女人在饭后洗碗时死亡”。picture常作名词，表示“图片”；作动词，表示“拍摄、绘画”。在这里picture是熟词生义，作动词，表示"想象"。故选B。
避错攻略
【方法总结】让步状语从句并不难，记住“虽然”含义是关键；先看搭配后看语境；对号入座选答案。
【干货必记1】形容词活用为动词10例
1. brave 熟义：adj. 勇敢的 生义：v. 勇敢面对
She braved the cld wind t g t schl n time.
2. duble 熟义：adj. 两倍的；双的 生义：v. 加倍
The cmpany plans t duble its sales in the next year.
3. blank 熟义：adj. 空白的；无表情的 生义：v. 留白；使无效
Yu need t blank the wrng answer and write the right ne.
4. clean 熟义：adj. 干净的；整洁的 生义：v. 打扫；清理
We clean the classrm tgether after schl every day.
5. clear 熟义：adj. 清晰的；清楚的 生义：v. 清除；澄清
He tried t clear the snw n the rad fr the ld neighbrs.
6. clse 熟义：adj. 近的；亲密的 生义：v. 关闭；结束
The library clses at 5 p.m. n weekends in ur city.
7. crss 熟义：adj. 交叉的；生气的 生义：v. 穿过；交叉
They crssed the busy rad with the help f the traffic plice.
8. dark 熟义：adj. 黑暗的；深色的 生义：v. 变黑；使变暗
The sky darks fast in winter, s we shuld g hme early.
9. empty 熟义：adj. 空的；无意义的 生义：v. 倒空；清空
Please empty the rubbish bin and empty all the useless files frm the cmputer.
10. tight 熟义：adj. 紧的；紧密的 生义：v. 拉紧；攥紧
She had t tight the rpe and tight her hands when she heard the scary news.
【干货必记2】名词活用为动词30例
名词活用为动词（名转动）+ 高考完形高频语境例句
1. chance 熟义：n. 机会；可能性 生义：v. 碰巧
I chanced t find my lst key in the schl library.
2. favr 熟义：n. 帮助；恩惠 生义：v. 偏袒，特别照顾
A gd teacher never favrs any student in the class.
3. functin 熟义：n. 功能；作用 生义：v. 起作用，正常工作，运转
The clck didn't functin after it fell ff the table.
4. leaf 熟义：n. 叶，纸页 生义：v. 翻页
He leafed thrugh the magazine t find the sprts news.
5. pse 熟义：n. 姿势 生义：v. 提出
The teacher psed a difficult questin fr us t discuss.
6. act 熟义：n. 行为；行动 生义：v. 行动；扮演
He acted as a guide fr the visitrs in the museum.
7. aim 熟义：n. 目标；目的 生义：v. 瞄准；旨在
This activity aims t imprve students' teamwrk ability.
8. air 熟义：n. 空气；大气 生义：v. 晾晒；公开表达
She aired her wrries abut the exam t her mther.
9. back 熟义：n. 背部 生义：v. 支持；后退
All my classmates back my idea f hlding a bk fair.
10. bank 熟义：n. 银行；河岸 生义：v. 把… 存入银行；堆积
He banks his pcket mney every mnth t buy a new bk.
11. mask 熟义：n. 面具；口罩 生义：v. 掩饰；遮盖
She tried t mask her sadness with a big smile in frnt f her parents.
12. blck 熟义：n. 街区；木块 生义：v. 阻挡；堵塞
A fallen tree blcked ur way t the cuntryside.
13. shulder 熟义：n. 肩膀 生义：v. 承担；肩负
The yung man decided t shulder the family respnsibility after his father fell ill.
14. bridge 熟义：n. 桥；桥梁 生义：v. 架桥；弥补（差距）
This talk can bridge the gap between parents and teenagers.
15. pcket 熟义：n. 口袋 生义：v. 把…… 放进口袋；私吞
He pcketed his phne and never dared t pcket the public mney.
16. camp 熟义：n. 营地；帐篷 生义：v. 露营；扎营
We plan t camp near the muntain with ur teachers this hliday.
17. cause 熟义：n. 原因；事业 生义：v. 引起；导致
Staying up late can cause great harm t ur health.
18. center 熟义：n. 中心；中央 生义：v. 以… 为中心；集中
The party centered n the theme f lving ur mtherland.
19. circle 熟义：n. 圆圈；圈子 生义：v. 环绕；盘旋
Sme birds circled abve the tree, lking fr their babies.
20. cat 熟义：n. 外套；大衣 生义：v. 覆盖；给… 涂涂层
We need t cat the wd with paint t prtect it.
21. clr 熟义：n. 颜色；色彩 生义：v. 给… 上色；渲染
The kids clred the pictures carefully in the art class.
22. cmment 熟义：n. 评论；意见 生义：v. 发表评论；点评
Many peple cmmented n the new park in ur cmmunity nline.
23. crner 熟义：n. 角落；拐角 生义：v. 使陷入绝境；拐过弯
The plice crnered the lst dg in a small garden at last.
24. cver 熟义：n. 封面；盖子 生义：v. 覆盖；包含；采访
A reprter was sent t cver the schl sprts meeting.
25. crwd 熟义：n. 人群；群众 生义：v. 挤满；聚集
Peple crwded the square t watch the natinal flag-raising ceremny.
26. cure 熟义：n. 治愈；疗法 生义：v. 治愈；治好
The new medicine can cure this cmmn cld quickly.
27. damage 熟义：n. 损害；损失 生义：v. 损害；毁坏
The strng wind damaged many flwers in the garden.
28. mark 熟义：n. 记号；分数 生义：v. 做记号；打分
The teacher marks ur hmewrk carefully every evening.
29. weather 熟义：n. 天气 生义：v. 经受住；平安度过（困难、风暴等）
The small cmpany weathered the ecnmic crisis with the supprt f all emplyees.
30. nail 熟义：n. 钉子；指甲 生义：v. 钉住；固定
He nailed the wden bard t the wall and nailed the pster n the ntice bard.
举一反三
1. (2025全国一卷第44题) That left a huse still stuffed with things that, while nt particularly 45 valuable, didn’t belng in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
2. (2025全国二卷第41题) Evelyn Dnhue is a 65-year-ld grandma. She nly started t exercise seven years ag after having a wake-up call.
3. (2024新课标I卷第54题) I’ve matured a lt since then. I’ve cme t accept that whatever gals I set fr myself, they just have t be my wn.
4. (2024九省联考卷第53题) Siling his clthes, wrking n a ht September afternn, this man saved a cllege student frm disaster, just because she culd have been his daughter.
5. (2023新课标I卷第52题) As fr Bailey, she is mre cnfused abut why her act is cnsidered a big deal.
6. (2023新课标I卷第53题) Althugh the tw yung wmen were strangers befre the meet, they’ve since becme friends.
7. (2023浙江1月卷第50题) Sitting n a branch, he inched twards it and blew smke frm his trch int a tiny hle in the hive.
8. (2024全国甲卷第50题) Like in typical families, where bys were favred much mre than girls, my grandma had t stay at hme t d husewrk.
【参考答案】
1. stuff n. 东西；物品；材料→vt. 填满；塞满；装满
2. exercise n. 锻炼；运动；练习→vt. 锻炼；训练；运用
3, mature adj. 成熟的；稳重的→vi. 成熟；长成
4. sil n. 土壤；土地→vt. 弄脏；污染
5. deal vt. 处理；应对；交易→n. 交易；协议；事情
6. meet vt. 遇见；会面；满足→n. 相遇；会面；集会
7. inch n. 英寸→vi. 缓慢移动；渐进
8. favr n. 偏爱；好感；支持 →vt. 偏爱；支持；有利于
易错03 课标派生词不认识而错选
易错典题
【例3】从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
(2022全国乙卷) Fr a lng time, this ineffective hiding methd was 44 as evidence that children are hpelessly “egcentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But ur 45 surprising research results in child develpmental psychlgy 46 that idea.
44. A. supprtedB. guaranteedC. imaginedD. interpreted
46. A. explainedB. cnfirmedC. cntradictedD. tested
【答案】until/till
【解析】
44. D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A. supprted支持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. interpreted解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hpelessly “egcentric” creatures.”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。不少考生对于动词interpret比较陌生，该动作常见意义为“口译”，这里译作“解释；诠释（观点、行为、符号等）”。故选D。
46. C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. explained解释；B. cnfirmed证实；C. cntradicted相矛盾；D. tested测试。根据下文可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。不少考生对于动词cntradict比较陌生，该动作常见意义为“反驳”，这里译作“与…… 矛盾；与…… 抵触”。故选C。
【错因分析】遇到四个选项“三熟一生”场合，优先在认识熟悉的单词中选择，如果感觉这些都不合适，要敢于选择自己不熟悉的选项，即排除法。
避错攻略
【方法总结】时间状语从句考点多，记住when和until最重要；看句型记搭配；错题积累水平高，
【干货必记1】完形填空高频生僻动词例释
1. anticipate 预料，预期
The experts anticipate a rise in husing prices next year.
2. assign 分配；布置；分派
The teacher will assign a new task t each grup tmrrw.
3. attain 获得
Yu can attain yur gal nly thrugh cnstant hard wrk.
4. bst 使增长
This plicy will bst the develpment f lcal small businesses.
5. cease 使停止，终止，结束
The heavy rain finally ceased at midnight yesterday.
6. cite 引用；引述
Many students like t cite famus sayings in their cmpsitins.
7. dminate 支配；控制
Strng emtins can easily dminate ur ratinal thinking.
8. emerge 显现，显露
A bright smile began t emerge n her face gradually.
9. illustrate 说明；表明…… 真实
The example can illustrate the difficult grammar rule clearly.
10. multiply 使繁殖；使成倍增加
Rabbits multiply quickly and prices multiply in a shrt time.
11. perceive 认为
Peple usually perceive him as a very reliable and hnest man.
12. suspend 悬挂；中止；暂缓
The schl decided t suspend the sprts meeting because f the rain.
13. sustain 维持生命；使保持
Fresh water can sustain all living things n the earth.
【干货必记2】完形填空高频生僻名词、形容词例释
1. episde 人生的一段经历；插曲
This sad episde left a deep mark n his life.
2. panel 嵌板，镶板；专家咨询组
A special panel will discuss this scial prblem tmrrw.
3. pririty 优先事项；最重要的事 优先；优先权
Health is always the tp pririty in everyne’s life.
4. prspect 风景，景色 前景，展望，设想
The prspect f the career makes him feel excited and hpeful.
形容词
5. cntradictry 相互矛盾的；不一致的
His tw statements are cntradictry and hard t believe.
6. cnventinal 传统的
She desn’t like cnventinal clthes and prefers unique styles.
7. decent 相当不错的，正派的；正直的
He has a decent jb and a happy family in the city.
8. dynamic精力充沛的 动态的；发展变化的
The yung manager is very dynamic and full f new ideas.
9. fascinated 入迷的；极感兴趣的
The kids are fascinated by the interesting science experiment.
10. habitable 适合居住的
The small village is quiet and habitable fr the elderly.
11. humble 谦逊的；社会地位低下的
The famus scientist is always humble t every student.
12. identical 完全同样的，相同的
The tw sisters wear identical dresses n their birthday.
13. verwhelming 令人不知所措的
She felt an verwhelming sense f jy when she wn the prize.
14. permanent 永久的，长久的
The scar left a permanent mark n her arm.
15. premier 最好的，首要的
This restaurant is the premier chice fr family dinners in twn.
16. primitive 简陋的，落后的
The villagers used primitive tls t farm in the ld days.
17. subsequent 随后的，后来的
We will discuss the subsequent plan in the next meeting.
18. substantial 大量的；价值巨大的
He made a substantial imprvement in his English grades.
【干货必记2】完形填空高频生僻名词、形容词例释
1. dramatically 显著地
Her spken English has imprved dramatically after hard practice.
2. exceptinally 极其，非常
The weather is exceptinally cld in the nrth this winter.
3. genuinely 真正地
He genuinely cares abut the lives f his pr neighbrs.
4. literally 真正地 字面上
I was literally t tired t mve after the lng jurney.
5. peridically 定期地
The dctr tld her t check her bdy peridically in the hspital.
6. respectively 分别，各自
Tm and Lily wn the first and secnd prize respectively.
7. sharply 严厉地，毫不客气地
The teacher spke sharply t the lazy students in class.
8. subsequently 后来，随后
He fell ill and subsequently missed the imprtant exam.
9. admittedly 诚然
Admittedly, this task is very difficult but we can finish it tgether.
10. suppsedly 据说，据称
The ld huse is suppsedly haunted by ghsts in the village.
举一反三
1.(2025湖南长沙市雅礼中学10月模拟) Despite my 49 careful apprach，she became upset, her feelings hurt by the perceived limitatin. T 50 the situatin, I wrte a heartfelt nte t ur neighbr, aplgizing fr any incnvenience caused and ffering t 51replace any plants that might have been affected.
A. avid B. mend C. frget D. embrace
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了解决这个情况，我给我们的邻居写了一封衷心的致歉信，为造成的不便表示歉意，并表示愿意更换任何受损的绿植。mend 在此表示“解决”。
2. (2025浙江名校10月联考) He navigated the steep and winding muntain paths, his medical vehicle being a beacn f hpe amng the severe landscape. Upn 47 reaching the elderly man, Tenzin's trained hands swiftly assessed the 48 . cnditin —acute muntain sickness had a serius effect. With care, he 49 the man's cnditin and made the vital decisin t take him t the safety f the twn belw.
48. A. nrmal B. critical C. previus D. mental
49. A. admired B. stabilized C. wrsened D. suspected
48.【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。由空格前的“swiftly assessed”和破折号后的“acute muntain sickness”可知，老人的情况比较危急。critical意为“严重的；不稳定的；可能有危险的”。 故答案是B。
49.【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他小心翼翼地稳定了老人的状况并做出了带他到山下安全城镇的重要决定。stabilize意为“使稳固，稳定”。故答案是B。
3. (2025山东泰安一中10月教学质量检测) On a ht summer day when I was 13, I was bred in my attic(阁楼) bedrm. Thinking abut hw t 41 relieve that bredm, I leaned(斜靠) sideways, and my hand landed n a flrbard, which 42 up and almst hit me in the head,...
A. picked B. turned C. ppped D. came
【答案】C
【解析】句意：想着如何缓解这种无聊，我侧身斜靠着，手落在地板上，地板突然弹起来，差点撞到我的头。pp up意为“突然出现”。
易错04 课标派生词不认识而错选
易错典题
【例4】从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
(2023新课标II卷) The flight was 33 , and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she 34 flew with Karen and made it back t Gerge in Virginia within a few days. He was s 35 thankful and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great t knw that I had helped bring this family tgether again.
33. A. unnecessaryB. unexpectedC. unavidableD. uneventful
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这次飞行平安无事，Tiffy是个很棒的乘客。A. unnecessary没有必要的；B. unexpected意想不到的；C. unavidable不可避免的；D. uneventful太平无事的。根据“and Tiffy was a great passenger.”可知，这次飞行一切都平安无事。故选D。
【错因分析】学生对于构词法吃不透，不了解形容词eventful意为“多事的；充满重大事件的；变故多的”；形容词uneventful是反义词，意为“平淡无奇的；无重大事件的；顺利无事的”。
【干货必记】2020-2025年高考完形填空高频派生词梳理
一、前缀类派生词（表否定 / 态度 / 动作倾向）
前缀通过改变词根语义（如否定、方向）构成派生词，是完形填空中形容词、动词的高频考查形式。
1.un-（否定前缀，表 “不、无”）
uneventful：un- + eventful（无重大事件的），2023 新课标 II 卷
uncmfrtable：un- + cmfrtable（不舒服的），2022 新课标 I 卷
unafraid：un- + afraid（无所畏惧的），2022 新课标 I 卷
uncertain：un- + certain（不确定的），2023 浙江 1 月卷
unable：un- + able（无法做到的），2021 新课标 II 卷、2022 北京卷
unprfessinal：un- + prfessinal（不专业的），2025 浙江 1 月卷
unsuitable：un- + suitable（不合适的），2025 浙江 1 月卷
2.im-（否定前缀，表 “不、无”）
impersnal：im- + persnal（缺乏人情味的），2025 浙江 1 月卷
impssible：im- + pssible（不可能的），2020 全国 I 卷
3.in-（否定前缀，表 “不、无”）
invisible：in- + visible（无形的），2024 全国甲卷
intlerable：in- + tlerable（无法容忍的），2021 新课标 I 卷
4.dis-（表 “否定 / 分离”）
disappinted：dis- + appinted（失望的），2023 新课标 I 卷
discvered：dis- + cvered（发现的），2024 新课标 I 卷
disturbing：dis- + turbing（令人不安的），2020 江苏卷
5.其他方向 / 态度前缀
cnfused：cn- + fused（困惑的），2025 北京卷
cncerned：cn- + cerned（关心的），2021 北京卷
attached：at- + tached（依恋的），2024 新课标 II 卷
adjusted：ad- + justed（调整后的），2021 北京卷
二、后缀类派生词（按词性分类）
后缀主要改变词根词性（如动词→名词、形容词→名词），是完形填空中名词、形容词的核心考查点。
1.-ment（表动作 / 状态）
achievement：achieve + -ment（成就），2024 新课标 I 卷
disappintment：disappint + -ment（失望），2023 新课标 I 卷
excitement：excite + -ment（兴奋），2022 新课标 II 卷
imprvement：imprve + -ment（进步），2023 浙江 1 月卷
2.-in/-tin/-atin（表动作 / 结果）
attentin：attend + -in（关注），2025 北京卷
celebratin：celebrate + -in（庆祝），2024 新课标 II 卷
cmmunicatin：cmmunicate + -in（沟通），2021 全国乙卷
cntributin：cntribute + -in（贡献），2024 新课标 I 卷
decisin：decide + -in（决定），2020 全国 I 卷
descriptin：describe + -in（描述），2025 全国一卷
recgnitin：recgnize + -itin（认可），2025 北京卷
slutin：slve + -tin（解决方案），2023 四省联考卷
3.-ness（表性质 / 状态）
lneliness：lnely + -ness（孤独），2020 天津卷
happiness：happy + -ness（快乐），2022 北京卷
4.-ity/-itude（表性质 / 程度）
pprtunity：pprtune + -ity（机会），2024 新课标 II 卷
gratitude：grateful + -itude（感激），2021 全国乙卷
5.-y（表性质 / 状态）
aplgy：aplgize + -y（道歉），2023 北京卷
memry：memrize + -y（记忆），2024 全国甲卷
6.-able/-ible（表 “可…… 的”）
valuable：value + -able（有价值的），2025 全国一卷
reliable：rely + -able（可靠的），2024 新课标 I 卷
suitable：suit + -able（合适的），2025 浙江 1 月卷
flexible：flex + -ible（灵活的），2025 全国一卷
7.-ful（表 “充满…… 的”）
eventful：event + -ful（多事的），2023 新课标 II 卷
cheerful：cheer + -ful（愉快的），2024 北京卷
grateful：grate + -ful（感激的），2021 全国乙卷
pwerful：pwer + -ful（有力的），2020 江苏卷
8.-less（表 “无…… 的”）
helpless：help + -less（无助的），2022 新课标 II 卷
fearless：fear + -less（无畏的），2022 新课标 I 卷
selfless：self + -less（无私的），2023 新课标 I 卷
9.-ive（表 “具有…… 性质的”）
active：act + -ive（积极的），2021 浙江 1 月卷
attractive：attract + -ive（有吸引力的），2024 新课标 I 卷
creative：create + -ive（有创造力的），2020 全国 III 卷
10.-us/-ius（表 “充满…… 的”）
dangerus：danger + -us（危险的），2021 新课标 II 卷
curius：curisity + -ius（好奇的），2025 北京卷
cautius：cautin + -ius（谨慎的），2021 浙江 1 月卷
11.-ize（表 “使…… 化”）
realize：real + -ize（意识到），2020 江苏卷
rganize：rgan + -ize（组织），2023 浙江 1 月卷
12.-en（表 “使…… 变得”）
strengthen：strength + -en（加强），2024 新课标 II 卷
widen：wide + -en（拓宽），2022 新课标 I 卷
举一反三
1.(2025深圳高级中学10月诊断)The lk f 46 wnder n his face was s pure. I was 47 speechless . It made me realize that I had been 48 rushing thrugh life withut truly experiencing its beauty. When we finally mved n, I 49 slwed dwn, trying t see thrugh his eyes.
A. suddenly B. accidentally C. intentinally D. casually
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当我们最终向前走的时候，我有意地放慢脚步，试着从他的视角欣赏周围。intentinally是副词，表示“有意地，故意地”。intentin是名词，表示“意图”，加词缀-al变形容词，再加ly变副词。故答案是C。
2. (2025深圳高级中学10月诊断)T make the 22(rutine) mre interesting, I bught membership f a lcal aquarium(水族馆). The first trip was 23 , as we battled grups f nisy babies and pupils n a Sunday.
A. bearable B. breathtaking C. predictable D. chatic
【答案】D
【解析】句意：第一次旅行很混乱，正值星期天，我们与吵闹的婴儿和小学生斗了好几拨。chatic表示“混乱的，杂乱的”。故答案是D。
3. (2025哈师大附中10月模拟) I instinctively(本能地) pulled ut my phne t get my lcatin, but it 50 died in my hand in the cld air. 51 , I started feeling a bit panicky.
A. Reprtedly B. Admittedly C. Seemingly D. Surprisingly
【答案】D
【解析】 句意：不可否认，我开始感到有些惊慌。admit表示“承认”，双写末尾字母加-ed，变成形容词，再加-ly变成副词。admittedly意为“诚然，不可否认”。 故答案是D。
易错05 固定搭配不掌握而错选
易错典题
【例5】从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
(2018年全国I卷) In his intrductin, he made it 49 clear that ur credits wuld be hard-earned. In rder t 50 pass the class, amng ther criteria, we had t write a paper n hw we plan t 51 what we wuld learn in class t ur future prfessins and, 52 eventually, t ur lives.
51. A. addB. expseC. applyD. cmpare
【答案】nr
【详解】 what we wuld learn in class和ur future prfessins形成对比，把课堂所学应用于未来的职业中。apply sth t sth意为“把某事物应用于某事物”，符合语境。
【错因分析】部分考生没有掌握短语用法，就随便填写导致失误。
【干货必记】高考完形填空短语真题例句手册（2020-2025）
一、动词短语
cme up with 想出；提出（2024新课标 II 卷）
Families gather fr big meals n Sundays, birthdays, and whatever ther excuses they can cme up with.
pick up 捡起；接载（2023新课标 II 卷）
What I was t d was fly t Tpeka t pick up Tiffy.
make up fr 弥补；补偿（2024 新课标 II 卷）
I tried t make up fr the lst time by wrking harder.
put up with 忍受；容忍（2024 新课标 II 卷）
I can’t put up with his rude behavir any lnger.
break dwn 出故障；崩溃（2024 九省联考卷）
I was halfway acrss Indiana headed hme t Kentucky when my car brke dwn.
keep up with 跟上；不落后（2021浙江 1月卷）
I tried my best t keep up with the ther runners.
hld n t 坚持；抓住（2025 全国二卷）
Hld n t yur dream and never give up.
shw up 出现；露面（2022北京卷）
He waited a lng, lng while fr adults t shw up.
deal with 处理；应对（2024新课标 I 卷）
I have t deal with this prblem befre it gets wrse.
rely n 依靠；依赖（2024浙江 1月卷）
It wuld have been easy t rely n my assumptins abut this highway builder.
pay ff 见效；得到回报（2020 江苏卷）
His effrts finally paid ff when he wn the award.
bring abut 导致；引起（2021新课标 II 卷）
The change brught abut a better life fr the villagers.
get alng with 与…… 相处；进展（2024 浙江 1月卷）
I get alng well with my new classmates.
play a rle in 在…… 中起作用（2021新课标 II 卷）
Kindness plays an imprtant rle in ur daily life.
take part in 参加；参与（2023 新课标 I 卷）
Hundreds f runners tk part in the crss-cuntry race.
let g f 放开；放弃；释怀（2025 全国二卷）
She decided t let g f her past regrets.
stand ut 突出；显眼；脱颖而出（2025 北京卷）
Her kindness made her stand ut amng her classmates.
beat the heat 消暑；降温（2024 九省联考卷）
I sat alngside my car fr several hurs trying t beat the heat.
lk frward t 期待；盼望（2022 新课标 I 卷）
We are lking frward t the cming vacatin.
help ut 帮忙；协助（2023 新课标 I 卷）
He helped ut his neighbr with the heavy wrk.
carry n 继续；坚持（2025 全国一卷）
We must carry n with ur wrk despite difficulties.
figure ut 弄明白；解决（2022 天津卷）
I culdn’t figure ut why he refused the invitatin.
set ff 出发；动身（2023 浙江 1月卷）
We set ff fr the muntains early in the mrning.
give away 赠送；泄露（2024 全国甲卷）
I gave away my ld bks t the children in pr areas.
二、介词短语
in hnr f 为纪念；向…… 致敬（2025 浙江 1月卷）
Smetimes she prepares traditinal Brazilian dishes in hnr f her native hme.
instead f 代替；而不是（2022 新课标 I 卷）
S instead f tying him up, I just kept a clse eye n him.
apart frm 除…… 之外（2022 新课标 I 卷）
Apart frm his wrk, he has n ther hbbies.
as fr 至于；关于（2022 新课标 I 卷）
As fr me, I prefer t stay at hme n weekends.
in additin t 除…… 之外（还）（2025 浙江 1月卷）
In additin t English, he can speak French and German.
in return fr 作为…… 的回报（2025 浙江 1月卷）
He gave her a bk in return fr her help.
in line with 符合；与…… 一致（2025 浙江 1月卷）
His behavir is in line with his wrds.
n accunt f 由于；因为（2023 四省联考卷）
He failed the exam n accunt f his carelessness.
in case f 万一；如果（2022 新课标 II 卷）
Take an umbrella in case f rain.
in terms f 就…… 而言（2021全国乙卷）
In terms f study, she is the tp student in the class.
by means f 通过；借助于（2020 江苏卷）
He succeeded by means f hard wrk.
in spite f 尽管；不管（2023 浙江 1月卷）
In spite f the rain, we went n a picnic.
regardless f 不管；不顾（2020 全国 I 卷）
She wrks hard regardless f the difficulties.
because f 因为；由于（2024 九省联考卷）
He was late because f the heavy traffic.
thanks t 多亏；由于（2023 新课标 I 卷）
Thanks t his help, we finished the task n time.
accrding t 根据；按照（2025 全国一卷）
Accrding t the weather frecast, it will rain tmrrw.
in frnt f 在…… 前面（2023 新课标 I 卷）
A runner in frnt f her began crying in pain.
at the end f 在…… 末尾（2022 新课标 II 卷）
At the end f the day, we felt tired but happy.
in the middle f 在…… 中间（2022 新课标 I 卷）
We were stuck in the middle f the lake with a dead mtr.
fr the sake f 为了；出于…… 的缘故（2023 浙江 1月卷）
She gave up her jb fr the sake f her family.
举一反三
1. (2026浙江1月卷) “I decided that if nbdy was ging t 44 hire me, I wuld just create a jb fr myself,” says Ursula. She was brn and raised n a large family farm, s the 45idea f an agriculture turism business came naturally t her and began t 46 .
A. gain grundB. take rtC. wrk wndersD. raise cncerns
1.考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上题。A. gain grund取得进展；B. take rt扎根，深入人心；C. wrk wnders创造奇迹；D. raise cncerns引起关注。根据上文“the idea f an agriculture turism business came naturally t her”（创办农业旅游企业的想法对她来说是自然而然的）可知，这个想法在她心中萌生并变得坚定，用“扎根”来形容非常贴切。故选B。
2. (2026浙江1月卷)While many visitrs have never been t a farm at all, 52 a sunflwer farm, the unique setting allws them t 53 leave the city fr a while, breathe in the fresh air, gain a newfund 54 appreciatin fr agriculture, and maybe even 55 recnnect with their farming rts and what they may have taken fr granted fr t lng.
A. let alneB. except frC. such asD. regardless f
2.考查短语辨析。句意：虽然许多游客从未去过农场，更不用说向日葵农场了，但这个独特的环境让他们可以暂时离开城市……A. let alne更不用说；B. except fr除……之外；C. such as例如；D. regardless f不管。根据句意，游客们连普通农场都没去过，那么对于“向日葵农场”这种更具体、更特殊的农场就更不可能去过了。此处是递进关系，应用“let alne”。故选A。
3. (2025全国二卷)My husband and I had just sld ur huse and we were busy 41 the belved hme ur family had spent 23 years filling up. We had decided n key items fr the 42 apartment we were mving t in twn, dnated what we culd, and rented a place t 43 stre ur suppsedly imprtant bjects.
A. painting verB. lking arundC. emptying utD. pulling dwn
3.考查动词短语辨析。句意：我和丈夫刚刚卖掉了我们的房子，我们正忙着清空我们一家人花了23年时间建造的心爱的房子。A. painting ver 粉刷覆盖；B. lking arund 环顾四周；C. emptying ut 清空；D. pulling dwn 拆除。根据上文“My husband and I had just sld ur huse”和下文“the belved hme ur family had spent 23 years filling up”可推知，此处指作者卖掉了房子，忙着清空房子里的多年来堆积的东西。故选C。
4. (2026浙江1月卷) “It’s a great pprtunity t share my passin fr fd and t 47 meet new peple,” said Ribeir. Smetimes she prepares traditinal Brazilian dishes 48 her native hme; ther times she 49 pairs dinner curses with her favrite beers.
A. in additin t B. in return fr C. in hnr f D. in line with
4.考查短语辨析。根据空白处前后的she prepares traditinal Brazilian dishes 和her native hme 的语境可推知，Ribeir 做传统巴西菜肴是为了纪念（in hnr f）自己的家乡。故选C。
【01记叙文】（25-26高三上·福建龙岩·月考）I’d been explring the 40-hectare wds arund ur cttage my whle life and I knew the way well. S it was a 1 when I fund myself lst there.
One dull cld February afternn, I had a sudden 2 t hike the hill with my tw daughters. Putting n ur snwshes, we immediately 3 nrthwestward. While making ur way up the hill, my daughters stpped ccasinally t investigate unknwn plants and t lk at the cute squirrels… These really made their 4 .
As the shadws started t 5 , we mved further up. Sn, weariness began t 6 enthusiasm. We decided t return. Instead f backtracking ver ur 7 rute, I chse t walk dwn the steep (陡峭的) side f the hill, 8 my instincts that ahead f us lay the stream that wuld guide us t the rad. But as the terrain (地形) leveled ut, I had my first majr mment f 9 : Where was the stream? Were we ff curse?
I instinctively (本能地) pulled ut my phne t get my lcatin, but it 10 in my hand in the cld air. 11 , I started feeling a bit panicky. Hwever, I quickly 12 myself, reassuring my daughters t cntinue walking. Fcusing n the landmarks, I sptted a familiar tree and eventually 13 the rad.
That winter’s day taught me a valuable lessn abut habitual reliance n technlgy. If my phne had 14 then, I might have directly fllwed the GPS, ignring the ld 15 f depending n surrundings and life skills.
1. A. challengeB. reminderC. rewardD. shck
2. A. discveryB. urgeC. wrryD. respnse
3. A. escapedB. drveC. headedD. lked
4. A. dayB. dreamC. reputatinD. way
5. A. emergeB. swingC. lengthenD. fade
6. A. fuelB. witnessC. verlkD. utpace
7. A. riginalB. rughC. ptinalD. natural
8. A. appreciatingB. trustingC. avidingD. assessing
9. A. dubtB. cmparisnC. curisityD. anticipatin
10. A. flashedB. slippedC. diedD. rang
11. A. ReprtedlyB. AdmittedlyC. SeeminglyD. Surprisingly
12. A. expsedB. cmpsedC. defendedD. behaved
13. A. gt ffB. laid dwnC. came acrssD. made ut
14. A. changedB. remainedC. wrkedD. verheated
15. A. practiceB. standardC. theryD. principle
【答案】
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者自认对自家小屋周围的树林了如指掌，却在一个二月下午与女儿们徒步时意外迷路。本能地依赖手机定位失败后，作者不得不依靠环境观察和生活技能找到归途。这次经历促使他反思了对现代科技的习惯性依赖，并重新认识到传统生存实践的价值。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以当我在那里迷路时，我感到很震惊。A. challenge挑战；B. reminder提醒；C. reward回报；D. shck震惊。根据前文“I’d been explring the 40-hectare wds arund ur cttage my whle life and I knew the way well.”可知，作者自认为非常熟悉这片树林，因此迷路让他感到意外和“震惊”。故选D项。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：二月一个阴冷的下午，我突然有一股强烈的冲动想和我的两个女儿一起去徒步那座山。A. discvery发现；B. urge强烈的欲望，冲动；C. wrry担忧；D. respnse回应。根据前文“a sudden”以及后文“t hike the hill”可知，是一种突然产生的、想去徒步的“冲动”。故选B项。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：穿上雪鞋，我们立即向西北方向出发。A. escaped逃跑；B. drve驾驶；C. headed朝(某方向)行进；D. lked看。根据前文“hike the hill”以及后文“nrthwestward”表示方向可知，是“朝……方向行进”。故选C项。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些都让她们很开心。A. day日子；B. dream梦想；C. reputatin声誉；D. way方式。根据前文“investigate unknwn plants and t lk at the cute squirrels”这些有趣的活动可推知，这“让她们很开心”；make ne’s day是固定短语，意为“让某人开心一整天”。故选A项。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着影子开始变长，我们继续向上走。A. emerge出现；B. swing摇摆；C. lengthen变长；D. fade消退。根据前文“One dull cld February afternn”和“shadws”的变化可推知，下午时分，太阳开始西下，影子会逐渐“变长”。故选C项。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，疲惫开始超过热情。A. fuel助长；B. witness目击；C. verlk忽视；D. utpace超过。根据前文“weariness began t”以及下文“We decided t return”可推知，是疲惫感“超过”了热情，所以决定返程了。故选D项。
7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我没有沿着原来的路线返回，而是选择从山的陡峭一侧走下去，相信我的直觉，认为我们前面就是那条能指引我们回到大路的小溪。A. riginal原来的；B. rugh粗糙的；C. ptinal可选的；D. natural自然的。根据“Instead f backtracking”和下文“I chse t walk dwn the steep (陡峭的) side f the hill”可知，没有原路返回，是与“原来的”路线对比。故选A项。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有沿着原来的路线返回，而是选择从山的陡峭一侧走下去，相信我的直觉，认为我们前面就是那条能指引我们回到大路的小溪。A. appreciating欣赏；B. trusting信任，相信；C. aviding避免；D. assessing评估。根据后文“my instincts that ahead f us lay the stream”以及作者没有选择原路返回的语境可知，作者“相信”自己的直觉。故选B项。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但随着地形变得平坦，我首次产生了重大的怀疑：小溪在哪里？我们偏离路线了吗？A. dubt怀疑；B. cmparisn比较；C. curisity好奇；D. anticipatin期待。根据后文“Where was the stream? Were we ff curse?”可知，这是迷路时产生的“怀疑”。故选A项。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我本能地掏出手机想定位，但它在寒冷的空气中没电了。A. flashed闪烁；B. slipped滑落；C. died死亡，没电；D. rang响起。根据前文“in the cld air”以及后文无法使用手机定位可知，手机在低温下“没电了”。故选C项。
11. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：诚然，我开始感到有点恐慌。A. Reprtedly据报道；B. Admittedly诚然，无可否认；C. Seemingly似乎；D. Surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据后文“Hwever, I quickly cmpsed myself”的转折可推知，作者先是承认自己的恐慌，然后镇定了下来。故选B项。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我很快让自己镇定下来，安慰女儿们继续走。A. expsed暴露；B. cmpsed使镇定；C. defended防御；D. behaved表现。根据后文“myself”和“reassuring my daughters”可推知，作者先让自己“镇定”下来，然后安慰女儿们。cmpse neself是固定短语，意为“使自己镇定”。故选B项。
13. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我专注于地标，发现了一棵熟悉的树，最终辨认出了那条路。A. gt ff下车；B. laid dwn放下；C. came acrss偶然遇见；D. made ut辨认出。根据前文“Fcusing n the landmarks”以及“a familiar tree”可知，作者专注于周围环境，最终“辨认出了”那条路。故选D项。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果当时我的手机还能用，我可能会直接跟着GPS走。A. changed改变；B. remained保持；C. wrked工作，运行；D. verheated过热。根据前文描述手机没电(died)和后文“directly fllwed the GPS”可知，这里是与事实相反的假设，即手机当时“能用”。故选C项。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果当时我的手机还能用，我可能会直接跟着GPS走，而忽略了依赖环境和生活技能的老做法。A. practice做法，实践；B. standard标准；C. thery理论；D. principle原则。根据前文作者最终是通过观察环境(landmarks)和依靠生活技能找到路的，这是一种传统的“做法”或“实践”。故选A项。
【02记叙文】（25-26高三上·广东·月考）As a teenager grwing up in Great Britain, Lla Andersn was inspired by the rwing events at the 2012 Lndn Olympics.
Mved by the athletes’ strength and determinatin, she decided t 1 the sprt herself. In her diary, she expressed her dream f winning an Olympic gld medal in rwing. Embarrassed by her 2 dream, Lla tre ut the diary page. “I threw that away because I didn’t believe,” Andersn 3 , “I was 14 then, s why wuld I believe? Yung girls struggle t see themselves as strng, athletic individuals, but that’s 4 nw.” Despite her initial 5 , Andersn pursued rwing with her father’s supprt.
In 2019, as Dn Andersn 6 cancer, he presented Lla with a 7 . He held pen his hand t 8 the page she had trn frm her diary years earlier. Dn had fund it in the trash (垃圾筒) and kept it, 9 she wuld need it ne day. Dn 10 mnths later, but his faith in his daughter’s dream remained.
His 11 gesture wrked n Wednesday when Andersn cmpeted in her first Olympic Games as part f the wmen’s quadruple sculls (四人双桨) rwing team. Her team 12 the gld medal by a mere 0.15 secnds. After the race, Andersn reflected n her father’s firm supprt.
“It’s a piece f paper, but it’s the mst valuable thing I have,” she said. “Maybe jintly with the 13 nw.”
Lla Andersn’s 14 frm a self-dubting teenager t an Olympic champin serves as 15 f the pwer f dreams and the lasting impact f a father’s lve.
1. A. take upB. lk intC. live upnD. fight fr
2. A. greedyB. achievableC. shallwD. wild
3. A. imaginedB. regrettedC. addedD. recalled
4. A. changingB. strengtheningC. wrseningD. speeding
5. A. reslutinB. dubtC. cnfidenceD. wrry
6. A. studiedB. battledC. defeatedD. prevented
7. A. wishB. blwC. prmiseD. surprise
8. A. thrwB. revealC. fldD. release
9. A. advcatingB. prvingC. feelingD. wndering
10. A. passed awayB. died ffC. set ffD. went away
11. A. symblicB. generusC. expressiveD. predictive
12. A. baggedB. frgttenC. lstD. recvered
13. A. supprtB. teamC. medalD. rwing
14. A. jurneyB. rangeC. departureD. achievement
15. A. adviceB. beliefC. memryD. prf
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Lla Andersn在父亲的支持下，坚持自己的梦想，在首次参加奥运会时帮助团队赢得了金牌，体现了梦想的力量和父爱的深远影响。
1. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：被运动员的力量和决心所感动，她决定自己参加这项运动。A. take up开始从事；B. lk int调查；C. live upn靠……生活； D. fight fr为……战斗。根据上句“As a teenager grwing up in Great Britain, Lla Andersn was inspired by the rwing events at the 2012 Lndn Olympics.”可知，作为一名在英国长大的青少年，Lla Andersn受到了2012年伦敦奥运会赛艇项目的启发，说明她决定自己想要从事这项运动。 故选A。
2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lla被她的疯狂的梦弄得很尴尬，她撕掉了那一页日记。A. greedy贪婪的；B. achievable可完成的；C. shallw肤浅的；D. wild疯狂的。根据上文“In her diary, she expressed her dream f winning an Olympic gld medal in rwing.”可知，在她的日记中，她表达了她想赢得一枚赛艇奥运金牌的梦想，说明Lla被自己的疯狂的梦想弄得尴尬不已，撕掉了日记。故选D。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我把它扔了，因为我不相信，”Andersn回忆说，“那时我才14岁，我为什么要相信呢?年轻女孩很难将自己视为强壮的运动员，但现在这种情况正在改变。”A. imagined想象；B. regretted后悔；C. added增加；D. recalled回忆。根据下文“I was 14 then, s why wuld I believe?”可知，这些话是Andersn的回忆。故选D。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. changing改变；B. strengthening加强；C. wrsening加重；D. speeding加速。根据上文“Yung girls struggle t see themselves as strng, athletic individuals”和but表示转折，可知现在这种情况正在改变。故选A。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管最初心存疑虑，Andersn还是在父亲的支持下继续划船。A. reslutin决心；B. dubt怀疑；C. cnfidence信心；D. wrry担心。根据上文“I was 14 then, s why wuld I believe?”可知，起初她有些怀疑。故选B。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2019年，当唐·安德森与癌症作斗争时，他给了Lla一个惊喜。A. studied学习；B. battled战斗；C. defeated打败；D. prevented阻止。根据常识和空后cancer可知2019年，唐·安德森与癌症斗争。故选B。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. wish希望；B. blw打击；C. prmise诺言；D. surprise惊讶。根据下文“Dn had fund it in the trash (垃圾筒) and kept it, 9 she wuld need it ne day.”可知，唐在垃圾桶里找到了Lla撕掉的那张日记并保存着，觉得有一天她会需要它，说明他给了Lla一个惊喜。故选D。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他张开手，露出她多年前从日记上撕下的那一页。A. thrw扔；B. reveal揭露；C. fld折叠；D. release释放。根据上文“He held pen his hand”可知他张开手，露出几年前她从日记本上撕下的那一页。故选B。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：唐在垃圾桶里找到了它并保存着，觉得有一天她会需要它。A. advcating提倡；B. prving证明；C. feeling感觉；D. wndering想知道。根据下文“she wuld need it ne day”可知，唐觉得有一天她会需要它。故选C。
10. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：几个月后，唐去世了，但他对女儿梦想的信念依然存在。A. passed away去世； B. died ff逐渐消失；C. set ff出发；D. went away离开。根据下文“but his faith in his daughter's dream remained”可知，但他对女儿梦想的信念依然存在。说明几个月后，唐去世了，故选A。
11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：周三，当Andersn作为女子四人双桨赛艇队的一员首次参加奥运会时，他的预见性姿态发挥了作用。A. symblic象征的；B. generus慷慨的；C. expressive富于表现力的；D. predictive预测性的。根据前文“his faith in his daughter’s dream remained”可知父亲对女儿的信心让Andersn在比赛中发挥的很好，故选D。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的队仅以0.15秒的优势获得金牌。A. bagged获得；B. frgtten忘记；C. lst丢失；D. recvered康复。根据下文“the gld medal by a mere 0.15 secnds”可知，她的队仅以0.15秒的优势获得金牌。故选A。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是一张纸，但它是我最有价值的东西，”她说。“也许现在是和奖牌连在一起。”A. supprt支持；B. team队；C. medal奖牌；D. rwing划船。根据上文“Her team 12 the gld medal by a mere 0.15 secnds.”可知，因为这张纸赢得了奖牌，所以是和奖牌连在一起。故选C。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Lla Andersn从一个自我怀疑的少年到奥运冠军的旅程证明了梦想的力量和父爱的持久影响。A. jumey历程；B. range范围；C. departure离开；D. achievement成就。根据下文“frm a self-dubting teenager t an Olympic champin”可知，Lla Andersn从一个自我怀疑的少年到奥运冠军的历程。故答案为A。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. advice建议；B. belief信念；C. memry记忆；D. prf证据。根据下文“the pwer f dreams and the lasting impact f a father’s lve”可知，Lla Andersn从一个自我怀疑的少年到奥运冠军的历程证明了梦想的力量和父爱的持久影响。故选D。
【03记叙文】（25-26高三上·浙江绍兴·月考）I was a painfully shy bkwrm, hiding behind thick nvels t avid cnversatin. My secret shelter was the dusty twn 1 . One rainy afternn, I watched in hrrr as ld Mr. Clark, the librarian, awkwardly 2 a twering pile f bks. The ancient Oxfrd English Dictinary, the library’s crwn jewel, 3 frm his grasp and landed in a deep puddle (小水坑) with a 4 splash (溅泼声).
While everyne cried in shck, I 5 withut a secnd thught. I raced utside, scped up (捡起) the dripping giant, and 6 it t the cunter. “We need paper twels 7 !” I instructed, my vice surprisingly 8 . “And smene call a bk cnservatr!”
T my 9 , they listened. Fr the next hur, I directed the rescue peratin with knwledge I’d 10 frm reading abut bk preservatin. The dictinary 11 .
Mr. Clark later tld me, “Yu weren’t just saving a bk tday. Yu were 12 .” That wet dictinary taught me that curage isn’t the absence f fear, but the strng 13 that smething else matters mre. My 14 , I discvered, was there all alng — it just needed the right 15 t be heard.
1. A. hallB. libraryC. mallD. museum
2. A. readB. printedC. handledD. published
3. A. slippedB. riginatedC. departedD. disappeared
4. A. sickeningB. appealingC. pressingD. freezing
5. A. leftB. rseC. screamedD. acted
6. A. shiftedB. fixedC. rushedD. attached
7. A. frequentlyB. immediatelyC. admittedlyD. relatively
8. A. firmB. flatC. thrilledD. awed
9. A. frustratinB. satisfactinC. disappintmentD. astnishment
10. A. brrwedB. absrbedC. remvedD. made
11. A. bmbedB. emergedC. survivedD. existed
12. A. leadingB. actingC. grwingD. reacting
13. A. explanatinB. prfC. infrmatinD. belief
14. A. prpsalB. viceC. pininD. ambitin
15. A. psitinB. venueC. persnD. mment
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者原本是个害羞的书虫，在图书馆意外拯救珍贵词典时，展现出隐藏的领导力和勇气，也因此发现勇气源于对重要事物的信念。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的秘密避难所是尘土飞扬的镇图书馆。A. hall大厅；B. library图书馆；C. mall商场；D. museum博物馆。根据上文“I was a painfully shy bkwrm, hiding behind thick nvels t avid cnversatin.”可知，作者是个书虫，喜爱阅读厚厚的小说，因此他的秘密避难所是图书馆。故选B。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个下着雨的下午，我惊恐地看着图书管理员克拉克先生笨拙地处理着一大堆书。A. read阅读；B. printed印刷；C. handled处理；D. published出版。根据上文“the librarian”和下文“a twering pile f bks”可知，身为图书管理员的克拉克先生在处理一大堆书。故选C。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：旧版《牛津英语词典》，图书馆皇冠上的宝石，从他手中滑落，落在一个深水坑里，溅起令人厌恶的水花。A. slipped滑落；B. riginated起源；C. departed离开；D. disappeared消失。根据下文“landed in a deep puddle (小水坑)”可知，旧版《牛津英语词典》先是从克拉克先生手中滑落，再落在一个深水坑里。故选A。
4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：旧版《牛津英语词典》，图书馆皇冠上的宝石，从他手中滑落，落在一个深水坑里，溅起令人厌恶的水花。A. sickening令人厌恶的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. pressing紧迫的；D. freezing冰冻的。根据上文“landed in a deep puddle (小水坑)”可知，旧版《牛津英语词典》落在一个深水坑里，这是一件糟糕的事，引起溅起的水花会是令人厌恶的。故选A。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当每个人都震惊地叫起来时，我却毫不犹豫地采取了行动。A. left离开；B. rse上升；C. screamed尖叫；D. acted行动。根据下文“I raced utside, scped up (捡起) the dripping giant, and ____6____ it t the cunter.”可知，作者毫不犹豫地采取了行动，迅速地开始拯救这本书。故选D。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我跑到外面，捧起那个滴水的巨物，把它迅速送到柜台。A. shifted移动；B. fixed固定；C. rushed把……迅速送往；D. attached贴上。根据上文“scped up (捡起) the dripping giant”和下文“it t the cunter”可知，作者捧起滴水的旧版《牛津英语词典》后，是把它迅速送到柜台。故选C。
7. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我们需要纸巾，立即！”我指示道，我的声音出奇地坚定。A. frequently频繁地；B. immediately立即地；C. admittedly公认地；D. relatively相对地。根据上文“The ancient Oxfrd English Dictinary, the library’s crwn jewel, ____3____ frm his grasp and landed in a deep puddle (小水坑)”可知，图书馆宝贵的旧版《牛津英语词典》不慎落在一个深水坑里，事情很紧急，立即就需要纸巾来清除词典上的水。故选B。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我们需要纸巾，立即！”我指示道，我的声音出奇地坚定。A. firm坚定的；B. flat无趣的；C. thrilled兴奋的；D. awed敬畏的。根据上文“We need paper twels ____7____!”和下文“And smene call a bk cnservatr!”可知，作者面对紧急情况没有慌乱，而是给出清晰的指令，说明他很镇定，当时声音出奇地坚定。故选A。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，他们听了。A. frustratin沮丧；B. satisfactin满足；C. disappintment失望；D. astnishment惊讶。根据上文“I was a painfully shy bkwrm”和下文“they listened”可知，作者是个极度害羞的书虫，此时众人竟听从他的指挥，这让他惊讶。故选D。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的一个小时里，我用从书籍保存方面掌握的知识指挥救援行动。A. brrwed借入；B. absrbed掌握；C. remved移除；D. made制造。根据上文“knwledge”和下文“frm reading abut bk preservatin”可知，作者通过阅读书籍保存方面的内容，掌握了相关知识，从而运用到救援行动中。故选B。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：词典幸免于难。A. bmbed轰炸；B. emerged出现；C. survived幸存；D. existed存在。根据下文“Yu weren’t just saving a bk tday.”可知，作者成功救下了这本书，说明词典幸免于难。故选C。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你在领导。A. leading领导；B. acting行动；C. grwing增长；D. reacting反应。根据上文“I directed the rescue peratin”可知，作者领导了对词典的救援行动。故选A。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那本词字典告诉我，勇气不是没有恐惧，而是坚信有比这更重要的事。A. explanatin解释；B. prf证明；C. infrmatin信息；D. belief信念。根据下文“that smething else matters mre”可知，作者是出于有比这更重要的事的信念，鼓起勇气克服自己的害羞，成功拯救了词典。故选D。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现，我的声音一直都在那里——只是需要一个合适的时刻让别人听到。A. prpsal提议；B. vice声音；C. pinin意见；D. ambitin野心。根据上文叙述的作者能向众人发出指令，指挥拯救落水的宝贵词典，以及下文“I discvered, was there all alng”可知，作者发现的是自己的声音一直都在那里。故选B。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现，我的声音一直都在那里——只是需要一个合适的时刻让别人听到。A. psitin位置；B. venue场地；C. persn人；D. mment时刻。根据上文叙述的词典不慎落入水中，作者在紧急时刻采取行动，发出指令，进行救援指挥，以及下文“t be heard”可知，作者的声音在合适的时刻被别人听到了。故选D。
【04说明文】（2026·河北沧州·一模）Music is part f every culture n the Earth, which can be pleasant, sad, rmantic, sleepy, healing — all kinds f things. But what is it? Sme peple call it an art that sunds 1 time. Our ears receive it as lud r 2 , high r lw, rapid and shrt, r slw and fast. The sunds need t cntinue fr a time in sme srt f pattern t becme 3 .
Music, like 4 , is a human frm f cmmunicatin. As with language, there are many different kinds. In Nrth America, peple listen t jazz, rck, classical, flk, cuntry, and many ther kinds f music. Each kind f music has its wn rules and " 5 " t us in its wn way.
N ne knws fr sure when music 6 . Perhaps while wrking, peple sang t make it g faster. Peple wh were 7 mvements — picking crps r rwing bats, fr example — culd sing in time 8 fr the wrk. Navaj Indians, fr example, had crn-grinding sngs.
Over time, peple 9 musical instruments. They might have started by clapping their hands and stamping their 10 . Sticks and bjects that rattled (碰响) culd have 11 the human bdy as early 12 . Bth instruments and music became mre cmplex (复杂) with time.
Tday, music in many cultures cnsists f art music and music f the peple. Art music, which we call classical music, is mre 13 than the music f the peple — 14 music and ppular music. Art music is generally harder t write and perfrm. Musicians wh perfrm it need a lt f 15 . Ppular and flk styles typically are easier t create, perfrm, and understand.
1. A. inB. verC. againstD. acrss
2. A. smallB. nisyC. sftD. distant
3. A. musicB. tuneC. symphnyD. masterpiece
4. A. breathB. jazzC. chrusD. language
5. A. weepsB. turnsC. speaksD. whispers
6. A. recrdedB. beganC. cmpsedD. transfrmed
7. A. pssessingB. accmpanyingC. cmbiningD. repeating
8. A. giftedB. particularC. suitableD. dramatic
9. A. defendedB. develpedC. deservedD. guaranteed
10. A. feetB. facesC. vlumesD. rhythms
11. A. vercmeB. sweptC. replacedD. steamed
12. A. imagesB. adaptatinC. musicD. instruments
13. A. essentialB. impressiveC. unusualD. cmplicated
14. A. flkB. ruralC. jazzD. grand
15. A. trainingB. encuragementC. reputatinD. expectatin
【答案】
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. D 14. A 15. A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了音乐的本质、属性与人类的关联，讲述了音乐的起源与发展历程，还区分了艺术音乐（古典音乐）和民间、流行音乐的不同特点，阐释了音乐作为人类交流方式的独特价值。
1. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：有人称它为一种跨越时间的艺术。A. in在……里面；B. ver在……之上；C. against对抗；D. acrss跨越。根据前文“Music is part f every culture n the Earth”可知音乐存在于人类各文化中，且会流传延续，“acrss time”表示“跨越时间”，符合音乐的特性，故选D。
2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的耳朵听到的音乐或响亮或轻柔，或高亢或低沉，或急促短促，或舒缓快速。A. small小的；B. nisy吵闹的；C. sft轻柔的；D. distant遥远的。根据前文“lud r”可知此处为反义并列，“lud”（响亮的）的反义词是“sft”（轻柔的），符合对声音的描述逻辑，故选C。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些声音需要以某种模式持续一段时间，才能成为音乐。A. music音乐；B. tune曲调；C. symphny交响乐；D. masterpiece杰作。根据文章主题围绕“music”展开，前文描述了构成音乐的各类声音特点，可知这些有规律的声音组合起来才会成为音乐，“music”符合语境，故选A。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：音乐和语言一样，是人类的一种交流方式。A. breath呼吸；B. jazz爵士乐；C. chrus合唱；D. language语言。根据后文“As with language, there are many different kinds”可知作者将音乐和语言作类比，二者都是人类的交流形式，“language”符合语义，故选D。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每种音乐都有自己的规则，并以自己的方式向我们“诉说”。A. weeps哭泣；B. turns转动；C. speaks诉说、表达；D. whispers低语。根据前文“Music, like 4 , is a human frm f cmmunicatin”可知音乐是交流方式，能像人一样传递信息、表达内容，“speaks”契合音乐的交流属性，故选C。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人确切知道音乐是何时开始的。A. recrded记录；B. began开始；C. cmpsed创作；D. transfrmed转变。根据后文“Perhaps while wrking, peple sang t make it g faster”是对音乐起源的推测，可知此处是问音乐的开始时间，“began”符合语境，故选B。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些重复做某个动作的人——比如采摘庄稼或划船，会配合着工作的节奏唱歌。A. pssessing拥有；B. accmpanying陪伴；C. cmbining结合；D. repeating重复。根据后文“picking crps r rwing bats”可知这些劳作都是重复性的动作，“repeating”符合此类劳作的特点，故选D。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那些重复做某个动作的人——比如采摘庄稼或划船，会配合着工作的节奏唱合适的歌。A. gifted有天赋的；B. particular特别的；C. suitable合适的；D. dramatic戏剧性的。根据前文“sing in time”可知人们唱歌会跟上劳作的节奏，选的是适合劳作节奏的歌，“suitable”符合语义，故选C。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，人们研制出了乐器。A. defended保卫；B. develped研制、发展；C. deserved应得；D. guaranteed保证。根据后文“They might have started by clapping their hands and stamping their”可知人们从身体发声逐渐发展到使用工具，进而研制出专门的乐器，“develped”符合音乐器材的发展过程，故选B。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们可能最初是拍手、跺脚来发声。A. feet脚；B. faces脸；C. vlumes音量；D. rhythms节奏。根据前文“stamping their”，可知此处是和前文“clapping their hands”并列的身体动作，“stamp ne's feet”是固定搭配，意为“跺脚”，符合语境，故选A。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：棍棒和能发出声响的物品可能最早取代了人体（作为发声的工具）。A. vercme克服；B. swept扫过；C. replaced取代；D. steamed蒸。根据前文“hey might have started by clapping their hands and stamping their 10 . Sticks and bjects”，可知人们用拍手、跺脚发声，后来使用棍棒等物品发声，这些物品取代了身体成为发声工具，“replaced”符合语义，故选C。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：棍棒和能发出声响的物品可能最早取代了人体，成为早期的乐器。A. images形象；B. adaptatin适应；C. music音乐；D. instruments乐器。根据前文“peple 9 musical instruments”可知此处指这些能发声的物品就是早期的乐器，“instruments”符合语境，故选D。
13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们称之为古典音乐的艺术音乐，比民间音乐和流行音乐这些民间大众的音乐更复杂。A. essential重要的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. unusual不寻常的；D. cmplicated复杂的。根据后文“Art music is generally harder t write and perfrm”以及“Ppular and flk styles typically are easier t create, perfrm, and understand”可知艺术音乐比民间、流行音乐更难，也就是更复杂，“cmplicated”符合语义，故选D。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们称之为古典音乐的艺术音乐，比民间音乐和流行音乐这些民间大众的音乐更复杂。A. flk民间的；B. rural乡村的；C. jazz爵士乐；D. grand盛大的。根据后文“Ppular and flk styles typically are easier t create, perfrm, and understand”可知此处是将艺术音乐和民间、流行音乐对比，“flk”（flk music民间音乐）符合语境，故选A。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：演奏这种音乐的音乐家需要大量的专业训练。A. training训练；B. encuragement鼓励；C. reputatin名声；D. expectatin期待。根据前文“Art music is generally harder t write and perfrm”可知艺术音乐创作和演奏难度高，因此演奏者需要经过大量的专业训练，“training”符合语义，故选A。
【05说明文】（2026高三·全国·专题练习）After Mr. & Mrs. Bacchus started farming their little land patch, they faced a prblem f birds feeding n their precius crps. Then, a man stpped utside their huse, asking the cuple if he culd take 1 f the birds n the prperty. Afterwards, he suggested that 2 getting rid f the birds, they shuld learn t 3 them, and Maraksacha Reserve was brn.
Tday, the cuple 4 the celebrated bird phtgrapher Manu Espinsa, with changing their lives, and helping them persuade thers f the vital imprtance f cnservatin here.
Birding turism is 5 in Ecuadr, with increasing numbers f specialist tur grups. Ecuadr 6 a variety f ecsystems at differing altitudes, which explains why it’s amng the tp 10 cuntries glbally fr bird 7 . The cuntry is hme t ver 1,600 bird species — nearly duble the 8 fund in Eurpe.
As the business f birding grws, mre and mre farmers 9 their land frm agriculture t bird reserves, 10 nt just the birds, but the cuntry’s 11 t. One ntable example is the Ajila family, wh have been 12 preserving the lng-wattled umbrellabird. On his land near Recint, Luis Ajila has turned dairy farming t cnservatin, replanting trees and prmting the site t wildlife turists — wrk that he says is a 13 livelihd than farming.
“Wildlife turism is much mre 14 than farming, but that wasn’t ur nly 15 ,” says Luis Jr., Ajila’s sn. “We aimed t prtect nt just the umbrellabird, but all the unique wildlife here, safeguarding them fr future generatins.” Since then, thusands f peple have made the pilgrimage.
1. A. risksB. cmmandsC. phtgraphsD. ntes
2. A. tgether withB. instead fC. apart frmD. aside by
3. A. live alngsideB. d withutC. run acrssD. drive away
4. A. anticipateB. cnsiderC. thankD. credit
5. A. runningB. flurishingC. cntrllingD. praising
6. A. purchasesB. rbsC. bastsD. discvers
7. A. beautyB. envirnmentC. habitatD. diversity
8. A. qualityB. heightC. balanceD. quantity
9. A. switchB. stpC. defendD. highlight
10. A. shrinkingB. benefitingC. testingD. varying
11. A. fateB. securityC. ecnmyD. identity
12. A. satisfied withB. wrried abutC. surprised atD. devted t
13. A. lazierB. clearerC. slwerD. better
14. A. adaptableB. prfitableC. sciableD. adrable
15. A. dnatinB. actinC. mtivatinD. instructin
【答案】
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. D 14. B 15. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了厄瓜多尔的农民们从农业种植转向鸟类保护与生态旅游的转变，这种转变既保护了鸟类多样性，又为国家经济和后代福祉带来积极影响，凸显了生态保护与可持续发展的双赢。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，一个男人停在他们家外面，问这对夫妇他是否可以拍摄这片土地上的鸟类。A. risks风险；B. cmmands命令；C. phtgraphs照片、拍摄；D. ntes笔记。根据后文“celebrated bird phtgrapher Manu Espinsa”，这个男人是鸟类摄影师，因此是请求“拍摄”鸟类，“take phtgraphs f”为固定搭配，意为“拍摄……”。故选C项。
2. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：之后，他建议他们不要赶走鸟类，而是学会与它们共存，马拉克萨查保护区就此诞生。A. tgether with和……一起；B. instead f代替、而不是；C. apart frm除了；D. aside by无此搭配。摄影师建议“不赶走”鸟类，而是共存，“instead f”体现“替代”关系，符合逻辑。故选B项。
3. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：之后，他建议他们不要赶走鸟类，而是学会与它们共存，马拉克萨查保护区就此诞生。A. live alngside与……共存；B. d withut没有……也行；C. run acrss偶然遇见；D. drive away赶走。根据后文“Maraksacha Reserve was brn.”可知，建立保护区，核心是与鸟类“共存”，与前文“getting rid f”（赶走）形成对比。故选A项。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，这对夫妇将改变他们生活、帮助他们说服他人重视此地保护工作的功劳归于著名鸟类摄影师马努·埃斯皮诺萨。A. anticipate预期；B. cnsider考虑；C. thank感谢；D. credit归功于。根据前文“Afterwards, he suggested that ____ getting rid f the birds, they shuld learn t ____ them,”可知，保护工作的功劳归于著名鸟类摄影师马努·埃斯皮诺萨。“credit sb. with sth.”为固定搭配，意为“把某事归功于某人”，符合夫妇对摄影师的认可。故选D项。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：观鸟旅游在厄瓜多尔蓬勃发展，专业旅游团的数量不断增加。A. running奔跑；B. flurishing蓬勃发展；C. cntrlling控制；D. praising赞扬。根据后文“increasing numbers f specialist tur grups”可知，观鸟旅游“蓬勃发展”，符合语境。故选B项。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：厄瓜多尔在不同海拔拥有多种生态系统，这也是它能跻身全球鸟类多样性前十的原因。A. purchases购买；B. rbs抢劫；C. basts拥有、以……为傲；D. discvers发现。根据后文“a variety f ecsystems at differing altitudes, which explains why it’s amng the tp 10 cuntries”可知，厄瓜多尔“拥有”多样生态系统，是其鸟类丰富的基础，“basts”体现客观拥有且引以为傲的意味。故选C项。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：厄瓜多尔在不同海拔拥有多种生态系统，这也是它能跻身全球鸟类多样性前十的原因。A. beauty美丽；B. envirnment环境；C. habitat栖息地；D. diversity多样性。根据后文“ver 1,600 bird species”可知，鸟类种类多体现“多样性”，“bird diversity”为固定表达。故选D项。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个国家拥有超过1600种鸟类——几乎是欧洲鸟类数量的两倍。A. quality质量；B. height高度；C. balance平衡；D. quantity数量。根据前文“1,600 bird species”可知，前文强调鸟类种类“数量”多，与欧洲形成数量对比，“quantity”符合语境。故选D项。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着观鸟产业的发展，越来越多的农民将他们的土地从农业用地转变为鸟类保护区，这不仅有利于鸟类，也有利于国家经济。A. switch转变、切换；B. stp停止；C. defend保卫；D. highlight强调。根据后文“their land frm agriculture t bird reserves,”可知，从农业到保护区，是土地用途的“转变”，“switch ”为固定搭配，意为“从……转变为……”。故选A项。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着观鸟产业的发展，越来越多的农民将他们的土地从农业用地转变为鸟类保护区，这不仅有利于鸟类，也有利于国家经济。A. shrinking缩小；B. benefiting使受益；C. testing测试；D. varying变化。根据常识可知，建立保护区对鸟类和国家经济都有好处，“benefiting”体现积极影响。故选B项。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着观鸟产业的发展，越来越多的农民将他们的土地从农业用地转变为鸟类保护区，这不仅有利于鸟类，也有利于国家经济。A. fate命运；B. security安全；C. ecnmy经济；D. identity身份。根据前文“Birding turism”可知，观鸟旅游属于产业，能带动“经济”发展，符合逻辑。故选C项。
12. 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：一个显著的例子是阿希拉家族，他们一直致力于保护长肉垂伞鸟。A. satisfied with对……满意；B. wrried abut担心……；C. surprised at对……惊讶；D. devted t致力于……。根据后文“turned dairy farming t cnservatin”可知，阿希拉家族“致力于”保护鸟类。故选D项。
13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：路易斯·阿希拉在雷辛托附近的土地上，将乳畜业转变为保护事业，重新种植树木，并向野生动物游客推广这个地方——他说这份工作比务农更能维持生计。A. lazier更懒的；B. clearer更清晰的；C. slwer更慢的；D. better更好的。根据后文“wildlife turism is much mre prfitable”可知，这份工作比务农“更好”，符合其认可态度。故选D项。
14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“野生动物旅游比务农利润高得多，但这不是我们唯一的动机，”阿希拉的儿子小路易斯说。A. adaptable适应力强的；B. prfitable有利可图的、盈利的；C. sciable社交的；D. adrable可爱的。结合语境，再根据后文“than farming”可推知，此处指与务农对比，生态旅游更“盈利”，符合经济层面的优势。故选B项。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“野生动物旅游比务农利润高得多，但这不是我们唯一的动机，”阿希拉的儿子小路易斯说。A. dnatin捐赠；B. actin行动；C. mtivatin动机；D. instructin指示。根据后文“We aimed t prtect nt just the umbrellabird”可知，保护鸟类是他们的核心“动机”，盈利只是其中一点。故选C项。