高考英语二轮-阅读理解（综合训练1阅读 7选5）（全国通用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解（综合训练1阅读 7选5）（全国通用）（教师版），共28页。试卷主要包含了5分，共50分）等内容，欢迎下载使用。
阅读理解 测试（一）
(考试时间：50分钟 试卷满分：50分)
试题信息说明
阅读理解
A
词数：241 题材：可减少汽车燃油消耗和二氧化碳排放的方法 体裁：应用文 难度：★★☆☆☆（2026·湖北省黄冈市高三期末）
Many cuntries are cnsidering reducing speed limits n mtrways and in urban areas. Fuel savings and reductins in CO2 emissins are just tw f the reasns fr ding s.
Fuel cnsumptin decreases the slwer yu drive, because the mving car has t vercme fewer physical frces such as air resistance and rlling frictin (摩擦) between tyres and rad. Air resistance increases with the square f the speed. This means that a car experiences 28% mre air resistance at a speed f 130km/h than at 110km/h.
Slwer speed is nt the nly way t reduce the CO2 emissins frm yur car. There are three autmtive tips t help the climate else.
STREAMLINE THE CAR
1. Unevenness (不均匀) increases the air resistance f yur car, and s its CO2 emissins. Fur pen windws increase fuel cnsumptin by up t 27%.
GET UP THE GEARS (齿轮) QUICKLY
2. Petrl and diesel (柴油) cars shuld always be driven in the highest pssible gear: the engine then has as few revlutins as pssible. Fuel cnsumptin between tw gears can vary by up t 20%.
MAINTAIN TYRE PRESSURE
3. Car tyres at the recmmended pressure ensure ideal driving. If the tyre pressure drps t 75% pressure, fuel cnsumptin increases by 2%. If it drps by half, the increase is as much as 10%.
Here’s the breakdwn f fuel cnsumptin impact f driving habits and vehicle adjustments frm the Federatin f Danish Mtrists (FDM).
1．Why des driving at a lwer speed help cut fuel use?
A．It weakens the physical frces the car must fight against.
B．It changes the way air resistance affects the car.
C．It lightens the weight f the mving vehicle.
D．It makes the engine wrk at a higher speed.
2．What will happen if a car’s windws are wide pen while driving?
A．It’ll lwer the car’s air resistance.
B．It’ll reduce the car’s CO₂ emissins.
C．It’ll lead t a sharp rise in fuel use.
D．It’ll make the car run mre smthly.
3．What is the fuel-saving effect f reducing speed frm 130km/h t 110km/h accrding t FDM data?
A．10%.B．16%.C．Up t 20%.D．Nearly 28%.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了降低车速、优化车身设计、快速换挡及保持轮胎压力等可减少汽车燃油消耗和二氧化碳排放。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fuel cnsumptin decreases the slwer yu drive, because the mving car has t vercme fewer physical frces such as air resistance and rlling frictin (摩擦) between tyres and rad.(你开得越慢，燃油消耗就越少，因为行驶中的汽车需要克服的物理阻力就越少，比如空气阻力和轮胎与路面之间的滚动摩擦力)”可知，以较低的速度行驶有助于减少燃油消耗是因为它削弱了汽车必须对抗的物理力。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据STREAMLINE THE CAR部分中“Fur pen windws increase fuel cnsumptin by up t 27%.(四个打开的窗户会使燃油消耗增加高达27%)”可知，如果开车时车窗大开，会导致燃油使用量急剧上升。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据图表中“Speed:130→110 km/h (Fuel/CO₂ Saving)(车速：130 →110公里/小时（燃油/二氧化碳节省）)”对应的“16%”可知，根据FDM的数据，将车速从130km/h降至110km/h的节油效果是16%。故选B。
B
词数：322 题材：戴维斯先生的故事 体裁：记叙文 难度：★★★☆☆（2026·山东省淄博市期末）
Fr the entire semester f my senir physics class, a quiet mystery unflded daily. It wasn’t the cmplex laws n the bard that ultimately stayed with me, but the cnsistent ten minutes f silence befre each lecture began. Mr. Davies, knwn fr his energetic and engaging teaching style, wuld enter the rm, place his ntes n the desk, and then simply sit. His gaze, ften directed ut the windw at a twering pine tree, seemed distant. A cup f tea steamed and then cled beside him, untuched.
We, a grup f typically restless seventeen-year-lds, initially fidgeted (躁动), whispered, and wndered. Was he tired? Disappinted in us? Daydreaming? As weeks passed, a gradual change ccurred. The whispered questins died dwn. The restless mvements stilled. Withut a single wrd f instructin, the rm learned t settle int a cllective, respectful quiet. It became a strange, shared rutine. I came t see it as his persnal preparatin time, a teacher’s brief mental shift frm the chas (混乱) f the wrld t the rder f science.
The truth, hwever, was far mre serius and remained hidden fr years. I learned it nly at a class reunin, a decade later, frm an ld clleague f his. That very year, Mr. Davies’ wife had been battling a severe, lng-term illness. Thse silent minutes were nt fr preparatin, but fr preservatin — his nly private mment t gather enugh strength t face us, t perfrm the rle f the lively teacher we all expected. He neither mentined it nr let the shadw crss his classrm drway.
Yet, in that unspken, shared space, he taught a lessn mre prfund than any curriculum culd cntain. We had unknwingly witnessed quiet dignity, the immense strength required t bear persnal burdens while faithfully fulfilling ne’s duties. The classrm, I realized, had held nt just a teacher f physics, but a man teaching, thrugh simple example, the weight and grace f adulthd.
4．Why is Mr. Davies described as still and distant?
A．T stress his lively teaching style.
B．T imply an unknwn persnal struggle.
C．T cause the students’ initial cnfusin.
D．T suggest a fading passin fr teaching.
5．What des the underlined wrd “It” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．The single wrd f instructin.
B．The shift in students’ behavir.
C．The time fr mental preparatin.
D．The prcess f settling int silence.
6．Hw des the authr feel abut Mr. Davies?
A．Sympathetic abut his persnal hardship.
B．Curius abut his unusual behavir.
C．Respectful f his pwerful quiet.
D．Impressed with his self-cntrl.
7．What des the stry shw?
A．The strength hidden in silence.
B．A curriculum given by a teacher.
C．The mystery revealed in physics class.
D．A misunderstanding crrected after a decade.
【答案】4．B 5．D 6．C 7．A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了戴维斯先生在上课前有十分钟沉默，背后隐藏着个人困境，他以无声方式给学生上了一课。
4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“That very year, Mr. Davies’ wife had been battling a severe, lng-term illness. Thse silent minutes were nt fr preparatin, but fr preservatin — his nly private mment t gather enugh strength t face us, t perfrm the rle f the lively teacher we all expected.(就在那一年，戴维斯先生的妻子一直在与一种严重的长期疾病作斗争。那些沉默的时刻不是为了准备，而是为了保存——他唯一能私下积聚足够力量来面对我们、扮演我们都期望的那个活跃的老师角色的时刻)”可知，戴维斯先生被描述为静止而遥远是为了暗示他未知的个人挣扎。故选B。
5．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“As weeks passed, a gradual change ccurred. The whispered questins died dwn. The restless mvements stilled. Withut a single wrd f instructin, the rm learned t settle int a cllective, respectful quiet. It became a strange, shared rutine.(随着几周的过去，逐渐发生了变化。窃窃私语的问题平息了。不安的动作也停止了。没有一句指令，房间里的人学会了安静下来，集体而尊重地保持安静。这成了一种奇怪的、共同的惯例)”可知，“It”指的是学生们逐渐安静下来的过程。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Yet, in that unspken, shared space, he taught a lessn mre prfund than any curriculum culd cntain. We had unknwingly witnessed quiet dignity, the immense strength required t bear persnal burdens while faithfully fulfilling ne’s duties.(然而，在那个无言的、共享的空间里，他教了一课比任何课程都更深刻的课。我们不知不觉地见证了安静的尊严，以及在忠实地履行职责的同时承受个人负担所需的巨大力量)”可知，作者对戴维斯先生充满敬意，敬重他无声中展现出的强大力量。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。文章通过讲述戴维斯先生在上课前的十分钟沉默，揭示了他背后隐藏的个人困境，以及他如何以无声的方式教会学生面对困难时的坚强和尊严。A选项“The strength hidden in silence(沉默中隐藏的力量)”最能概括文章主旨。故选A。
C
词数：317 题材：对幼儿模仿行为的研究 体裁：说明文 难度：★★★☆☆（2026·河北省衡水市期末）
Humans are by nature scial creatures. Our desire t be accepted by ur in-grups is brn and ne frm f this behavir is ver-imitatin (过度模仿) — the tendency t cpy actins that are unnecessary t achieve a gal.
Researchers fund 73 children with a mean age f just ver 18 mnths. Each child was given fur tasks, each designed t test a specific type f imitatin. All tasks invlved an experimenter demnstrating the task t the child, wh was then scred based n their respnses.
The ver-imitatin task required pening a bx cntaining a ty thrugh a series f three actins, ne f which was irrelevant t the gal. The elicited (诱发的) imitatin task asked the child t crrectly cpy a series f three actins. Fr the unfinished intentins imitatin task, an experimenter used play materials t attempt an actin (e.g., placing a string f beads in a cup). If the experimenter failed t cmplete the task, the child was then asked t successfully d it.
Finally, the in-grup preference task had the child seated in frnt f a screen shwing a wman and a rbt side by side. Bth held the same sft animal and perfrmed identical actins at the same time. An experimenter hid behind a curtain beneath the screen, hlding the tys n a stick t pretend an ffer frm bth the rbt and the wman. Children were scred based n whether they reached fr the rbt’s r the wman’s ty first.
Amng the 73 children, 62% shwed a clear crrelatin between prmpted imitatin and imitatin f incmplete actins; n significant link was fund between the ther task pairs.
We suspect a link between ver-imitatin and preference fr in-grup members, but it may emerge with age —suggesting a develpmental patter tied t understanding grup membership. Given ver-imitatin’s imprtance in childhd develpment, further research is needed, especially n fstering children’s critical thinking skills.
8．What was the primary aim f the fur tasks in the study?
A．T assess different kinds f imitatin in yung children.
B．T cmpare children’s learning abilities with rbts.
C．T find ways t fster children’s critical thinking.
D．T prve ver-imitatin is brn with humans.
9．What can be learned abut the ver-imitatin task?
A．It required the child t finish an uncmpleted actin.
B．It invlved mre cmplex steps than the ther tasks.
C．It was designed t test in-grup preference indirectly.
D．It included an actin unnecessary fr achieving the gal.
10．What cnclusin can we draw frm the experiment?
A．Mst children perfrmed perfectly in the experiment.
B．Over-imitatin is ptentially linked t in-grup preference.
C．All task pairs shwed significant cnnectins t sme degree.
D．Children perfrmed better in tasks invlving human interactin.
11．What will prbably be discussed after the last paragraph?
A．The relatinship between age and in-grup preference.
B．Mre details abut the experiment’s design and prcess.
C．Practical methds t develp children’s critical thinking.
D．Differences in imitatin abilities acrss age grups.
【答案】8．A 9．D 10．B 11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项针对幼儿模仿行为的研究，强调了过度模仿在儿童发展中的重要性以及培养批判性思维的必要性。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Each child was given fur tasks, each designed t test a specific type f imitatin. (每名儿童被分配了四项任务，每项任务均旨在测试一种特定类型的模仿行为)”可知，该研究中的四项任务的主要目的是评估幼儿的不同种类的模仿行为。故选A项。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“The ver-imitatin task required pening a bx cntaining a ty thrugh a series f three actins, ne f which was irrelevant t the gal.(这项过度模仿的任务要求通过一系列共三步的动作来打开一个装有玩具的盒子，其中有一步动作与目标并无关联)”可知，“过度模仿任务”包含了一项对于达成目标而言并非必要的动作。故选D项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We suspect a link between ver-imitatin and preference fr in-grup members, but it may emerge with age — suggesting a develpmental patter tied t understanding grup membership.(我们推测过度模仿与对本群体成员的偏好之间可能存在某种关联，但这种关联可能随着年龄的增长而显现——这表明这是一种与理解群体归属感相关的发育模式)”可知，过度模仿可能与群体内偏爱有关。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given ver-imitatin’s imprtance in childhd develpment, further research is needed, especially n fstering children’s critical thinking skills.(鉴于过度模仿在儿童成长过程中的重要性，我们还需要进行更多的研究，尤其是要致力于培养儿童的批判性思维能力)”可知，最后一段之后可能会讨论培养儿童批判性思维的实用方法。故选C项。
D
词数：321 题材：跨学科的方法能够促进创造力 体裁：说明文 难度：★★★★★（2026年1月浙江高考）
Carbn remval is crucial fr fighting climate change. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use f the natural capacity f plants t absrb carbn dixide by enhancing their rt systems. This ptimizatin (优化) aims t increase the amunt f carbn stred and extend the duratin f its strage.
T design these climate-saving plants, the scientists are using a research tl called SLEAP — an AI sftware that tracks multiple features f rt grwth. Created by Salk Fellw Talm Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed t track animal mvement in the lab. Nw, Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Prfessr Wlfgang Busch t apply SLEAP t plants.
In a study published in Plant Phenmics, Busch and Pereira establish a new prcedure fr using SLEAP t analyze plant rt phentypes — hw deep and wide they grw, hw massive their rt systems becme, and ther physical qualities. Prir t SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics f bth plants and animals required a lt f labr that slwed the scientific prcess. SLEAP uses cmputer visin (the ability fr cmputers t understand images) and deep learning (an AI apprach fr training a cmputer t learn and wrk like the human brain) t help researchers prcess images much mre quickly.
The applicatin f SLEAP t plants has already enabled researchers t establish the mst extensive catalg (目录) f plant rt phentypes t date. What’s mre, tracking these physical rt system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) assciated with thse characteristics, as well as whether multiple rt characteristics are determined by the same genes r independently. This allws the Salk team t determine what genes are mst beneficial t their plant designs.
“Our cperatin is truly prf f what makes Salk science s special and impactful,” says Pereira. “We’re nt just ‘brrwing’ frm different disciplines — we’re really putting them n equal fting in rder t create smething greater than the sum f its parts.”
12. What d the scientists at Salk Institute hpe t achieve?
A. Keeping mre carbn in plants.B. Optimizing the use f energy.
C. Enhancing bilgical diversity.D. Reducing carbn absrptin.
13. Why did Pereira create SLEAP?
A. T generate plant images.B. T cnduct research n animals.
C. T study climate patterns.D. T track features f rt grwth.
14. What will SLEAP help the scientists d?
A. Pick ut diseased plants in the frest.B. Cllect samples f plant rt systems.
C. Identify genes fr desirable plant rts.D. Preserve the genes f endangered plants.
15. What can be inferred frm Pereira’s wrds?
A. Academic disciplines are f equal imprtance.
B. Cmputer prgramming is a must fr scientists.
C. Interdisciplinary apprach prmtes creativity.
D. Cperatin utweighs cmpetitin in research.
【答案】12. A 13. B14. C15. C
【解析】12. 细节理解题。从第一段“Scientists at Salk Institute are making use f the natural capacity f plants t absrb carbn dixide by enhancing their rt systems. This ptimizatin aims t increase the amunt f carbn stred and extend the duratin f its strage.”（索尔克研究所的科学家们正在利用植物吸收二氧化碳的自然能力，通过增强它们的根系。这种优化旨在增加碳的储存量并延长其储存时间。）可知，科学家们希望通过优化植物根系来在植物中储存更多的碳。故选A。
13.细节理解题。从第二段“Created by Salk Pellw Talm Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed t track animal mvement in the lab.”（SLEAP由索尔克研究所的 Pellw Talm Pereira创建，最初是为追踪实验室中的动物运动而设计的。）可知，Pereira最初开发 SLEAP 是为了进行动物研究。故选B。
14.细节理解题。从第四段“What's mre, tracking these physical rt system characteristics helps scientists find genes assciated with thse characteristics... This allws the Salk team t determine what genes are mst beneficial t their plant designs.”（更重要的是，追踪这些物理根系特征有助于科学家找到与这些特征相关的基因…… 这使得索尔克团队能够确定哪些基因对他们的植物设计最有益。）可知，SLEAP 将通过追踪特征来帮助科学家识别出理想植物根系的基因。故选C。
15.推理判断题。从最后一段 Pereira 的话 “We're nt just ‘brrwing’ frm different disciplines—we're really putting them n equal fting in rder t create smething greater than the sum f its parts.”（我们不仅仅是 “借用” 不同学科的东西 —— 我们真正地将它们放在平等的地位，以便创造出优于各部分总和的东西。）可以推断出，跨学科的方法能够促进创造力，产生更伟大的成果。故选 C。
阅读7选5
词数：236 题材：全球环境问题威胁粮食安全 体裁：说明文 难度：★★★☆☆（2026·山东省淄博市期末）
Glbal envirnmental prblems pse a serius threat t wrld fd security. Slving these issues is key t ensuring future fd supplies, especially fr at-risk cmmunities that depend n farming. 16
The difficulties we face are enrmus. Higher temperatures, unpredictable rain, and severe weather harm crp grwth and pressure water supplies. Meanwhile, harmful farming methds wrsen land cnditins, affecting abut ne-quarter t nearly half f the Earth’s land. 17 It reduces sil quality and bidiversity, weakens nature’s ability t recver and harms farming that supprts mre than 3.2 billin peple.
Peple wh are already struggling suffer mst. Small-scale farmers and herders in prer areas ften rely n unpredictable rainfall and wrk n already pr land. 18 This puts their way f life and lcal fd supplies in danger, increasing hunger risks.
Yet these challenges als encurage psitive change. 19 Methds like grwing drught-tlerant crps, planting cver crps, and using water-saving irrigatin imprve sil, save water, and stre carbn. Fr example, mving animals between grasslands als helps the envirnment recver. By cmbining mdern science with lcal experience, we can build strnger farming systems, shifting frm expliting nature t cperating with it.
20 T achieve this gal, we need better plicies priritizing fd security, mre supprt fr research and technlgy sharing, and educatin fr farmers and the public. By linking science, plicy, traditinal knwledge, and lcal actin, we can turn these threats int chances fr a better fd system.
A．Lking ahead, a united glbal effrt is essential.
B．Such damage speeds up the lss f species wrldwide as well.
C．Using sustainable land management prvides a vital pathway.
D．In fact, peple believe that the prblems can be slved by new technlgy.
E．As a result, these grups are asking fr direct fd aid frm ther cuntries.
F．Therefre, they find it hard t deal with climate change, especially with extra pressures.
G．These prblems als encurage us t find new technlgy and live in harmny with nature.
【答案】16．G 17．B 18．F 19．C 20．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球环境问题威胁粮食安全，阐述其危害与影响，还提出可持续治理方法并呼吁全球携手应对。
16．根据前文“Glbal envirnmental prblems pse a serius threat t wrld fd security. Slving these issues is key t ensuring future fd supplies, especially fr at-risk cmmunities that depend n farming. (全球环境问题对世界粮食安全构成严重威胁。解决这些问题是保障未来粮食供应的关键，尤其是对依赖农业的高危群体而言)”可知，前文指出环境问题的威胁和解决问题的重要性，此空应承接上文说明这些问题带来的正向推动作用，G选项“These prblems als encurage us t find new technlgy and live in harmny with nature. (这些问题也促使我们寻找新技术，与自然和谐共处)”中的These prblems指代前文的Glbal envirnmental prblems，且引出后文应对问题的相关内容，符合语境。故选G项。
17．根据前文“Meanwhile, harmful farming methds wrsen land cnditins, affecting abut ne-quarter t nearly half f the Earth’s land. (与此同时，有害的耕作方式加剧了土地状况的恶化，影响了地球上约四分之一到近一半的土地)”以及后文“It reduces sil quality and bidiversity, weakens nature’s ability t recver and harms farming that supprts mre than 3.2 billin peple. (它降低了土壤质量和生物多样性，削弱了自然的恢复能力，还损害了支撑着32亿多人的农业生产)”可知，前文说明有害耕作方式对土地的破坏，此空应承接上文说明这种破坏带来的进一步影响，B选项“Such damage speeds up the lss f species wrldwide as well. (这样的破坏也加速了全球物种的消亡)”中的Such damage指代前文harmful farming methds带来的破坏，且与后文的负面影响相衔接，符合语境。故选B项。
18．根据前文“Peple wh are already struggling suffer mst. Small-scale farmers and herders in prer areas ften rely n unpredictable rainfall and wrk n already pr land. (那些本就处境艰难的人受影响最大。贫困地区的小农户和牧民往往依赖难以预测的降雨，在本就贫瘠的土地上劳作)”以及后文“This puts their way f life and lcal fd supplies in danger, increasing hunger risks. (这让他们的生活方式和当地的粮食供应陷入危险，增加了饥饿风险)”中的This可知，此空应说明贫困地区农户的处境带来的结果，即难以应对气候变化，这也是后文危险状况的原因，F选项“Therefre, they find it hard t deal with climate change, especially with extra pressures. (因此，他们难以应对气候变化，尤其是在面临额外压力的情况下)”中的they指代前文的Small-scale farmers and herders in prer areas，且是后文This所指代的内容，符合语境。故选F项。
19．根据前文“Yet these challenges als encurage psitive change. (然而，这些挑战也催生了积极的改变)”以及后文“Methds like grwing drught-tlerant crps, planting cver crps, and using water-saving irrigatin imprve sil, save water, and stre carbn. (种植耐旱作物、覆盖作物以及采用节水灌溉等方法可以改善土壤、节约用水并储存碳)”可知，前文指出挑战带来积极改变，此空应提出具体的解决途径，后文则是对该途径的具体阐释，C选项“Using sustainable land management prvides a vital pathway. (采用可持续的土地管理方式是一条至关重要的途径)”提出了应对挑战的具体途径，且后文的方法均属于可持续土地管理的范畴，符合语境。故选C项。
20．根据后文“T achieve this gal, we need better plicies priritizing fd security, mre supprt fr research and technlgy sharing, and educatin fr farmers and the public. By linking science, plicy, traditinal knwledge, and lcal actin, we can turn these threats int chances fr a better fd system. (为实现这一目标，我们需要制定更优的、将粮食安全放在首位的政策，加大对研究和技术共享的支持，还需要对农民和公众开展相关教育。通过将科学、政策、传统知识和当地行动相结合，我们能将这些威胁转化为打造更完善粮食体系的机遇)”可知，后文讲述了实现目标的具体举措，需要各方共同努力，此空应作为本段主题句，点明全球携手的重要性，A选项“Lking ahead, a united glbal effrt is essential. (展望未来，全球的共同努力至关重要)”精准概括本段核心，且引出后文的具体举措，符合语境。故选A项。
语法填空 测试（二）
(考试时间：50分钟 试卷满分：50分)
试题信息说明
阅读理解
A
词数：232 题材：介绍电池管理系统 体裁：科技应用文 难度：★★★☆☆（2026·山东省淄博市期末）
Battery Management Systems: Frm Cnventinal t Intelligent
With the rapid develpment f electric vehicles (EVs) and large-scale energy strage, battery management systems (BMSs) have grwn essential, ensuring battery safety, extending lifespan, and bsting perfrmance. Battery cells, even frm the same prductin line, vary due t manufacturing tlerances and usage habits, risking imbalance, vercharging, and uneven heating withut prper management.
Fig. 1 Influence f cell behaviur n vehicle perfrmanceLimitatins f Cnventinal BMSs (CBMSs)
Cnventinal BMSs, develped in the early 1990s, nly cnduct basic mnitring f vltage (电压) current, and temperature via simple state estimatin algrithms. They lack advanced functins such as predictive maintenance and have lw accuracy in cmplex cnditins.Innvatin f Intelligent BMS (IBMS)
T slve these issues, technlgies like clud cmputing, IT (Internet f Things), and digital twin have been integrated, giving rise t Intelligent BMS (IBMS). It adpts an end-edge-clud multi-layer architecture: end BMS cllects real-time cell data, edge BMS prcesses time-sensitive tasks lcally, and clud BMS handles cmplex wrk. Artificial Intelligence further enhances mnitring accuracy.
Fig. 2 Pyramid (金字塔) f hierarchy (分层结构) levels invlved in
building an advanced intelligent battery management system (IBMS) architecture.Challenges and Future f IBMS
IBMS faces technical, scial and cmmercial challenges. Yet it is the future f battery management, supprting EVs’ sustainable develpment. As technlgies advance, these difficulties will be vercme, and IBMS is expected t becme a standard fr energy strage systems.
1．What is the main functin f BMSs?
A．T imprve EV prductin efficiency.
B．T cllect weather data fr vehicle peratin.
C．T ensure battery safety and enhance perfrmance.
D．T reduce manufacturing tlerances f battery cells.
2．What can we learn frm Fig. 1?
A．Pack Behaviur is cmpletely determined by external Weather Prfiles.
B．Vehicle Outputs, like Efficiency, are influenced by Cell Behaviur.
C．Cell Degradatin has little effect n the Vehicle Behaviur.
D．Drive Prfiles are a cmpnent f Vehicle Outputs.
3．What can be inferred abut the IBMS architecture?
A．It features a multi-level architecture.
B．It fails t integrate digital twin int the structure.
C．It mainly relies n clud cmputing t prcess tasks.
D．It has been widely applied t energy strage systems.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍电池管理系统的作用、传统系统的局限、智能系统的创新及未来挑战。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“With the rapid develpment f electric vehicles (EVs) and large-scale energy strage, battery management systems (BMSs) have grwn essential, ensuring battery safety, extending lifespan, and bsting perfrmance.(随着电动汽车和大规模储能的快速发展，电池管理系统变得至关重要，可确保电池安全、延长寿命并提升性能)”可知，BMS的主要功能是保障电池安全、提升性能。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据Fig. 1 Influence f cell behaviur n vehicle perfrmance可知，Cell Behaviur(电池单体行为)影响 Pack Behaviur(电池包行为)，而 Pack Behaviur 又影响 Vehicle Behaviur（车辆行为），包含 Efficiency(效率)等 Vehicle Outputs(车辆输出指标)，因此车辆输出，如效率，受电池单体行为影响。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“It adpts an end-edge-clud multi-layer architecture: end BMS cllects real-time cell data, edge BMS prcesses time-sensitive tasks lcally, and clud BMS handles cmplex wrk.(它采用端-边-云多层架构：终端BMS收集实时电池单体数据，边缘BMS本地处理时间敏感任务，云BMS处理复杂工作)”以及Fig. 2的金字塔分层结构可知，IBMS具有多层级架构的特点。故选A。
B
词数：341 题材：参观杂货店的经历 体裁：记叙文 难度：★★★☆☆（2026届河北省沧州市十二校联考一模）
The grcery stre might nt be yur favrite place t visit when yu’re at hme, but isn’t it ever fun when yu’re in anther cuntry? Hnestly speaking, they’re ne f thse strange little destinatins that I like t sniff ut everywhere I g, much as ther travellers head tward clthing stres, libraries, cafés r galleries.
The biggest beauty f the grcery stre—whether it’s a huge supermarket r a tiny ne—is that it gives yu a glimpse int what lcal peple buy t ck. This ffers clues int their lifestyles and preferences, and int the agricultural and cking practices f the cuntry. I stare at the strange fruits and vegetables, the seafd, the cheese, the spices, the breads, and h, the chclate... always the chclate!
Being an envirnmental nerd ( 痴 迷 者 ) I am, I like paying attentin t packaging, which can reflect their attitude twards envirnmental prtectin. Italy, fr example, has a habit f requiring custmers t bag their fruits and vegetables in plastic fr weighing, while Sri Lanka leaves everything lse in bins. In Brazil, everything is prepackaged in a layer f plastic.
Peple in grcery stres tend t be friendlier. They smile, say hell, and smetimes ask questins, which can lead t great cnversatins. I had a further discussin with a teen-aged cashier in Sri Lanka, ver which bag f crunchy mix t buy. He insisted that the ne labeled ‘spicy’ wuld be t ht fr me, but I tld him I was willing t risk it. He laughed and we ended up talking abut my favrite Sri Lankan fds fr ten minutes.
The financial savings extend t suvenirs, t. Whether it is grund spices fr my mm r chclates fr my kids, the grcery stre is the first place I lk fr unique gifts. It’s interesting then t cme hme and lk at ne’s wn lcal grcery stre thrugh new eyes. What wuld a visitr think? What stands ut, and what d the fd displays say abut us as a culture? Yu might be surprised by what yu realize.
4．What is the benefit f visiting grcery stres f ther cuntries in the authr’s pinin?
A．Knwing their financial practice.
B．Making friends with stre wners.
C．Buying cheaper fd and suvenirs.
D．Knwing lcal peple and the cuntry.
5．Why des the authr mentin sme cuntries she visited?
A．T shw their strange lifestyles.
B．T shw the levels f their wealth.
C．T shw their packaging advantages.
D．T shw their envirnmental awareness.
6．What can be inferred frm paragraph 4?
A．Sri Lankans tend t becme friendlier.
B．Grcery stres are always scial places.
C．Peple like t share their ideas abut fd.
D．Mre cultures can be learned in grcery stres.
7．What wuld the authr prbably suggest readers ding?
A．Visiting grcery stres while travelling.
B．Buying cultural suvenirs in freign cuntries.
C．Knwing the grcery culture befre travelling.
D．Exchanging shpping experience with friends.
【答案】4．D 5．D 6．B 7．A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者出国旅游喜欢参观杂货店的经历，作者认为杂货店是一个更好地了解当地人民和国家的社交好地方。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The biggest beauty f the grcery stre—whether it’s a huge supermarket r a tiny ne—is that it gives yu a glimpse int what lcal peple buy t ck. This ffers clues int their lifestyles and preferences, and int the agricultural and cking practices f the cuntry. (无论是大型超市还是小型超市，杂货店最大的魅力在于它能让你一窥当地人买什么来做饭。这为了解他们的生活方式和喜好，以及该国的农业和烹饪方式提供了线索。)”可知，在作者看来，参观其他国家的杂货店可以了解当地人民和国家。故选D项。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Being an envirnmental nerd ( 痴 迷 者 ) I am, I like paying attentin t packaging, which can reflect their attitude twards envirnmental prtectin. Italy, fr example, has a habit f requiring custmers t bag their fruits and vegetables in plastic fr weighing, while Sri Lanka leaves everything lse in bins. In Brazil, everything is prepackaged in a layer f plastic. (我是一个环保狂，我喜欢关注包装，这可以体现他们对环保的态度。例如，意大利有一个习惯，要求顾客用塑料包装水果和蔬菜，以便称重，而斯里兰卡则把所有东西都放在垃圾桶里。在巴西，所有东西都预先包装在一层塑料中。)”可推知，作者举例参观过的国家是为了展示这几个国家人民的环保意识。故选D项。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Peple in grcery stres tend t be friendlier. They smile, say hell, and smetimes ask questins, which can lead t great cnversatins. (杂货店里的人往往更友好。他们会微笑、打招呼，有时还会问问题，这能让谈话变得很愉快。)”及下文描述个人经历可推知，作者认为杂货店是社交场所，可以与别人愉快交谈。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The biggest beauty f the grcery stre—whether it’s a huge supermarket r a tiny ne—is that it gives yu a glimpse int what lcal peple buy t ck. This ffers clues int their lifestyles and preferences, and int the agricultural and cking practices f the cuntry. (无论是大型超市还是小型超市，杂货店最大的魅力在于它能让你一窥当地人买什么来做饭。这为了解他们的生活方式和喜好，以及该国的农业和烹饪方式提供了线索。)”及下文内容可知，本文介绍了作者出国旅游参观杂货店的经历，他认为杂货店是一个社交的好地方，因此，作者也许会建议读者旅行时逛杂货店。故选A项。
C
词数：308 题材：冰川融化 体裁：说明文 难度：★★★☆☆（2026·湖南省湘潭市第一中学高三第一次教学质量测试）
The Thwaites Glacier (冰川) in West Antarctica is the wrld’s largest and widest glacier. The massive ice sheet stretches 80 miles acrss, rughly the size f Flrida. The glacier lses abut 50 billin tns f ice annually and already accunts fr abut 4 percent f the planet’s current sea level rise. If it were t melt cmpletely, it culd raise glbal sea levels by abut tw feet. This wuld displace millins f peple in castal cmmunities wrldwide. It is n wnder that the ice mass has been nicknamed “Dmsday Glacier”.
The glacier’s ersin (侵蚀) is largely due t the dwnward-slping (下坡) land n which it sits. This allws warm seawater t flw slwly underneath and melt it frm belw. Researchers have knwn abut this phenmenn fr decades. Hwever, a new study indicates that the Thwaites Glacier is being expsed t mre warm cean water than previusly thught. This culd cause it t melt at a much faster rate than scientists had initially estimated.
The research team was led by Prfessr Eric Rignt at the University f Califrnia, Irvine (UC Irvine). They reached this cnclusin after analyzing satellite data cllected frm March t June 2023. The scientists fund that during each 12-hur tidal cycle, warm seawater mves underneath the glacier fr abut fur miles. This is a much lnger distance than previusly thught. As the tide mves back, it leaves the warm seawater behind and carries the freshwater frm the melting glacier int the cean. This cnstant inflw f freshwater adds t sea level rise ver time.
“There are places where the water is almst at the pressure f the verlying ice, s just a little mre pressure is needed t push up the ice,” says Rignt. “The water is then squeezed enugh t jack up a clumn f mre than half a mile f ice.”
8．What might speed up the glacier’s melting rate?
A．Faster cean currents.B．Higher air temperatures.
C．Mre warm water expsure.D．Increased slar radiatin.
9．Hw did researchers gather data fr the new study?
A．By drilling ice cres.B．With underwater sensrs.
C．By using satellite technlgy.D．Thrugh field bservatins.
10．What des the underlined phrase “jack up” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Lift.B．Melt.C．Weigh.D．Recrd.
11．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．Climate Change Cnsequences.B．Antarctica’s Largest Glacier.
C．New Findings n Glacier Melt.D．The Threat frm Rising Sea Levels.
【答案】8．C 9．C 10．A 11．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新研究发现，南极洲思韦茨冰川因暴露于比预期更多的温暖海水中而加速融化，卫星数据显示潮汐周期中暖水侵入更远，可能导致更严重的海平面上升。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Hwever, a new study indicates that the Thwaites Glacier is being expsed t mre warm cean water than previusly thught. This culd cause it t melt at a much faster rate than scientists had initially estimated. (然而，一项新研究表明，思韦茨冰川正暴露于比此前认为更多的温暖海水中。这可能导致其融化速度远快于科学家最初估计。)”可知，可能加速冰川融化的因素是暴露在更多的温暖海水中。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They reached this cnclusin after analyzing satellite data cllected frm March t June 2023. (他们在分析2023年3月至6月收集的卫星数据后得出这一结论。)”可知，研究人员通过卫星技术收集新研究的数据。故选C项。
10．词句猜测题。根据画线短语的上一句“There are places where the water is almst at the pressure f the verlying ice, s just a little mre pressure is needed t push up the ice (在有些地方，水的压力几乎和上面的冰一样大，所以只需要再多一点压力就能把冰推高)”可知，有些地方的海水只需少量压力就能把上层的冰推高，再结合画线短语的上文“The water is then squeezed (然后水被挤压)”可知，该句描述海水被挤压后抬升冰层的动作，画线短语意思应该是“抬高，举起”，与lift“举起”意思一致。故选A项。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“Hwever, a new study indicates that the Thwaites Glacier is being expsed t mre warm cean water than previusly thught. (然而，一项新研究表明，思韦茨冰川正暴露于比此前认为更多的温暖海水中。)”可知，文章聚焦的是关于思韦茨冰川融化的新发现，该冰川因暴露于比预期更多的温暖海水中而加速融化，卫星数据显示潮汐周期中暖水侵入更远，可能导致更严重的海平面上升。因此，C项“冰川融化的新发现”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。
D
词数：322 题材：蚂蚁的自组织协作模式 体裁：科普说明文 难度：★★★★☆（2026届吉林省高三一模）
When scientists cnstructed a puzzle-slving task and matched teams f peple against teams f ants, the insects smetimes prved t be the smarter species. That’s nt t lk dwn n human intelligence — ants are smart, and their acts f crdinated (协作) activity are rare in nature. Still, it is fair t say that ants have smething imprtant t teach us.
In an experiment using ant-sized and tennis-curt-sized mazes (迷宫) bth ants and humans had t transprt a large T-shaped bject thrugh narrw penings, similar t mving a large cuch thrugh a narrw hallway.
Vides shwed that teams f ants cmpleted the task with remarkable efficiency, while human teams ften appeared less crdinated. Individual humans still always beat individual ants, but their perfrmance vastly imprved when they teamed up. Humans’ perfrmance did nt.
Yet humans have accmplished incredible feats f cperatin — such as landing n the mn as grups. Hwever, smetimes, we get trapped in grupthink.
Ants dn’t chse a leader. Mst carry their part blindly with the grup, but a few peridically break away t assess the situatin. These infrmed individuals then gently guide the grup in the right directin. This creates a frm f “self-rganizatin”, and intelligence emerges n the grup level.
When allwed t cmmunicate in the experiment, human grups did nt perfrm better than the average individual within the grup. When cmmunicatin was limited, like ants’ cnditins, they did far wrse. Fr humans, a researcher said, the drive fr cnsensus ften verrides (优于) individual knwledge. Even if mst grup members knw the crrect slutin, the grup might still chse a simpler, incrrect ptin t achieve agreement. This shws that the “wisdm f the crwd” nly functins when individuals think independently.
The study suggests that while humans have great individual and cllective ptential, we can still learn frm species like ants abut effective grup crdinatin, perhaps even imprving hw we cnduct meetings and cllabrative prjects.
12．What is the purpse f the experiment?
A．T prve ants’ grup wisdm surpasses humans.
B．T explre effective crdinatin fr human learning.
C．T examine the rle f grupthink in animal scieties.
D．T cmpare intelligence t highlight ants’ crdinatin.
13．Why did ant teams perfrm better than human teams in the experiment?
A．Ants utperfrmed humans individually.
B．Ants had clear leadership t cperate.
C．Ants relied n self-rganizatin t succeed.
D．Ants had a tendency t verlk crdinatin.
14．What is identified as a key prblem in human grup behavir?
A．Lack f clear leadership.B．Inefficient grup mvement.
C．A desire fr agreement.D．Dependence n cmmunicatin.
15．What can humans learn frm ants in the passage?
A．Ignring agreement t pursue individual ideas.
B．Aviding grup wrk t imprve wrk efficiency.
C．Allwing a few members t guide the grup.
D．Valuing individual thinking t aid grup success.
【答案】12．B 13．C 14．C 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项“人与蚂蚁组队完成迷宫运物任务”的实验，对比人与蚂蚁的群体协作表现，揭示蚂蚁的自组织协作模式优势，并指出人类群体决策中存在的问题，以及可从蚂蚁身上借鉴的协作经验。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study suggests that while humans have great individual and cllective ptential, we can still learn frm species like ants abut effective grup crdinatin, perhaps even imprving hw we cnduct meetings and cllabrative prjects. (这项研究表明，尽管人类拥有强大的个体潜力与集体潜力，但我们依然可以从蚂蚁这类物种身上学习高效的群体协作方式，甚至还能借此改进我们组织会议、开展协作项目的方法)”可推知，实验的目的是探索人类可学习的有效协作方式。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Ants dn’t chse a leader. Mst carry their part blindly with the grup, but a few peridically break away t assess the situatin. These infrmed individuals then gently guide the grup in the right directin. This creates a frm f “self-rganizatin”, and intelligence emerges n the grup level. (蚂蚁不会推选领导者。大多数蚂蚁会跟随群体，盲目地完成自己的分内之事，但有少数蚂蚁会定期脱离队伍，去评估当前的局势。这些掌握了信息的个体随后会温和地引领整个群体朝着正确的方向行进。这就形成了一种“自组织”模式，群体层面的智慧也由此应运而生)”可知，蚂蚁团队在实验中表现更优的原因是它们依靠自组织模式取得成功。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Fr humans, a researcher said, the drive fr cnsensus ften verrides (优于) individual knwledge. Even if mst grup members knw the crrect slutin, the grup might still chse a simpler, incrrect ptin t achieve agreement. (一位研究人员表示，对人类而言，达成共识的驱动力往往会压倒个体的知识储备。即便大多数群体成员知道正确的解决方案，群体仍可能为了达成一致而选择更简单的错误选项)”可知，人类群体行为的核心问题是对达成共识的过度渴望。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“This shws that the “wisdm f the crwd” nly functins when individuals think independently. (这表明，“群体智慧”只有在个体独立思考时才能发挥作用)”可推知，人类能从蚂蚁身上学到的经验是重视个体独立思考，以此助力群体取得成功。故选D项。
阅读7选5
词数：261 题材：介绍极简主义生活方式的误解 体裁：说明文 难度：★★★★☆（2026届广东省惠州市二模）
At first glance, the idea f living a minimalist (极简主义的) lifestyle may sund difficult, restrictive, r even bring. I was a bit dubtful when I first decided t take n minimalist living. 16 Becming a minimalist has given me mre time and freedm fr what I lve and value.
It’s pretty cmmn fr beginners t think that minimalism starts with hard-t-manage habits and rules. 17 Minimalism starts with yur mindset, the lens thrugh which yu are viewing yur life, then mves utward frm there t becme actinable habits and steps.
Anther big misunderstanding when it cmes t living a minimalist life is that the main gal f becming a minimalist is t get rid f as much stuff as pssible. Wrng again! The main gal f minimalism is t get rid f the things that dn’t cntribute t the value f yur daily life. 18
In rder t make mre space fr the things yu value, yu first have t identify what thse things are. Ask yurself what yur life culd use mre f and what yu culd use less f in yur day-t-day life. 19 If smething is annying yu in yur day-t-day life, yu had better address these things and keep them frm dragging yu dwn further.
20 When yu’re getting started, dn’t fcus t much n the end result r n the mst difficult things t change. Start with the easiest things t change and wrk yur way up frm there. Making small amunts f prgress can help imprve yur mtivatin and inspire yu t keep ging.
A．It’s nthing but an excuse.
B．This culdn’t be further frm the truth!
C．Fixing what bthers yu is als necessary.
D．This leaves mre space fr yu t bst prductivity.
E．But ding s has given me a life I genuinely lve living.
F．S yu can make space fr what’s mst imprtant t yu.
G．Just start simple and realize becming a minimalist is a jurney.
【答案】16．E 17．B 18．F 19．C 20．G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍极简主义生活方式的常见误解，并给出开启极简主义生活的实用建议。
16．根据上文“I was a bit dubtful when I first decided t take n minimalist living.(当我第一次决定开始极简主义生活时，我有些怀疑)”以及下文“Becming a minimalist has given me mre time and freedm fr what I lve and value.(成为一名极简主义者让我有更多时间和自由去追求我热爱和珍视的事物)”可知，此处应表转折，衔接最初的怀疑与后来的收获，E选项“But ding s has given me a life I genuinely lve living.(但这样做给了我一种我由衷热爱的生活)”中的ding s指代上文的take n minimalist living，既转折又呼应下文的积极影响，符合语境。故选E项。
17．根据上文“It’s pretty cmmn fr beginners t think that minimalism starts with hard-t-manage habits and rules.(初学者通常认为极简主义始于难以坚持的习惯和规则)”以及下文“Minimalism starts with yur mindset, the lens thrugh which yu are viewing yur life, then mves utward frm there t becme actinable habits and steps.(极简主义始于你的心态 —— 这是你看待生活的视角，而后从心态出发向外延伸，逐步转化为切实可行的习惯和行动步骤)”可知，上文的观点与实际情况不符，此处应否定上文观点，B选项“This culdn’t be further frm the truth!(这与事实相去甚远！)”既指出上文观点错误，又引出下文对极简主义真正起点的阐述，符合语境。故选B项。
18．根据上文“The main gal f minimalism is t get rid f the things that dn’t cntribute t the value f yur daily life.(极简主义的主要目标是摆脱那些对日常生活价值无益的东西)”可知，此处应说明摆脱无用之物的目的，F选项“S yu can make space fr what’s mst imprtant t yu.(这样你就能为对你最重要的东西腾出空间)”中的S承接上文，make space呼应上文get rid f the things，符合语境。故选F项。
19．根据上文“Ask yurself what yur life culd use mre f and what yu culd use less f in yur day-t-day life.(问问自己，在日常生活中，你的生活需要更多什么，更少什么)”以及下文“If smething is annying yu in yur day-t-day life, yu had better address these things and keep them frm dragging yu dwn further.(如果日常生活中有什么事让你心烦，你最好着手解决这些问题，别让它们继续拖累你)”可知，此处应衔接上文的自我审视，引出解决烦恼的必要性，C选项“Fixing what bthers yu is als necessary.(解决困扰你的问题也是必要的)”既呼应下文的annying yu、address these things，又补充上文的建议，符合语境。故选C项。
20．根据下文“When yu’re getting started, dn’t fcus t much n the end result r n the mst difficult things t change. Start with the easiest things t change and wrk yur way up frm there.(开始的时候，不要太关注最终结果或最难改变的事情。从最简单的事情开始，然后逐步推进)”可知，本段核心是建议从简单开始，循序渐进，G选项“Just start simple and realize becming a minimalist is a jurney.(从简单开始，意识到成为一名极简主义者是一个过程)”作为段首句，概括本段主旨，与下文的具体建议相呼应，符合语境。故选G项。
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话题
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全球环境问题威胁粮食安全
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关注人类共同未来
培养国际视野
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7选5
极简主义生活方式的常见误解
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