高考英语二轮-阅读理解高频词汇（练习）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解高频词汇（练习）（学生版），共33页。试卷主要包含了单词背诵，词汇选择题等内容，欢迎下载使用。

题型一 单词背诵（英译汉）
研究报告类高频词汇
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】单词背诵（英译汉）
【题型二】词汇选择题
02 重难创新练（阅读理解）
03 真题实战练（阅读理解）
dcument________________
bidiversity________________
technlgy ________________
bservatin ________________
applicatin ________________
assistant________________
utnumber ________________
specimen ________________
increasingly ________________
bservatinal ________________
investigate________________
statistician ________________
illustrate ________________
experiment ________________
estimatin ________________
cnduct________________
independent ________________
accurate ________________
verestimate________________
underestimate ________________
average________________
crrelated ________________
phenmenn ________________
significantly ________________
dminant ________________
respnse ________________
ptential ________________
implicatin ________________
reveal ________________
feature________________
imperfect________________
versampled________________
identificatin________________
riginally ________________
psychlgist________________
tempt ________________
device ________________
preschler ________________
mechanism ________________
dramatically ________________
mismatch ________________
thughtful ________________
cnsumptin________________
temptatin ________________
阅读理解中医学、科普类高频词汇
1.医学类
alleviate________________
absent-minded____________
bacteria________________
bandage________________
capsule________________
disable________________
disrder________________
discmfrt______________
diagnse________________
transplant________________
prescribe________________
itamin________________
prtein________________
xygen________________
sthe________________
resistant________________
syndrme________________
handicap________________
surgen________________
physician________________
remedy________________
stress________________
strke________________
pill________________
tablet________________
2.科普类
assign ________________
digital ________________
dimensin ________________
electrical ________________
electrnic ________________
ptical ________________
universal ________________
slar ________________
slid ________________
mechanical ________________
precise________________
lgical ________________
psychlgical ________________
phenmenn ________________
element ________________
bilgy ________________
evlutin ________________
mathematics ________________
statistic________________
carbn ________________
measurement ________________
graph________________
navigatin ________________
infinite________________
visual ________________
mnitr ________________
emissin ________________
pesticide ________________
sustainability ________________
chemicals ________________
transfrm ________________
radmap ________________
frthcming ________________
revlutin ________________
cmplicated ________________
understandable________________
accessible ________________
infrmative ________________
Artificial General Intelligence________________
sidelined ________________
essential ________________
tipping pint ________________
structured thinking________________
abandned ________________
envirnmentally friendly________________
sustainable________________
dispse f________________
circumstance ________________
阅读理解中社会生活、心理学类高频词汇
1.社会生活类
allcate________________
assess ________________
bankrupt________________
bigraphy________________
bst________________
civilize ________________
cmprehensin ________________
cnsciusness ________________
crdinatin________________
celebrity ________________
critically ________________
depressed ________________
discipline ________________
emergence ________________
financial squeeze________________
flurish ________________
genuine ________________
initiative________________
mdify ________________
pursuit ________________
spnsr ________________
thrive ________________
tend ________________
vilent behaviurs________________
chas ________________
mrality ________________
mral virtues________________
cruelty ________________
humbleness ________________
religin ________________
scial instincts________________
cmmunity ________________
mtivate ________________
behaviural patterns________________
efficient ________________
accmpany ________________
advantageus ________________
self-discipline ________________
self-cntrl ________________
strengthen ________________
capacity ________________
philsphy ________________
2.心理学类
minimalism ________________
intlerable ________________
slitude ________________
aggressive ________________
cnceited ________________
frustrate ________________
lnely________________
stress ________________
suspect________________
bully ________________
victim________________
anxiety________________
psychlgy________________
psychlgist______________
self-esteem ________________
neglect ________________
empathy________________
sympathetic________________
assertiveness ________________
supprtive ________________
cmplex ________________
psychlgical prblem________________
mental health________________
scietal expectatins________________
verwhelming________________
cmpetitive ________________
extracurricular ________________
deprivatin ________________
priritize ________________
verbal abuse________________
scial exclusin ________________
cyberbullying________________
ppularizatin ________________
emtinal intelligence________________
misunderstand________________
mtivatin ________________
阅读理解记叙文中描写人物及作者态度相关的高频词汇
1.记叙文命题中题干和选项中常考的描述作者态度的词：
表示赞同+积极
appreciatin________________
appreciative ________________
apprval ________________
apprving ________________
cmpensatry ________________
cnfident ________________
defensive________________
desirable ________________
enthusiastic ________________
enthusiasm ________________
favrable ________________
frank________________
influential ________________
mdest ________________
psitive ________________
prfund ________________
respectable________________
satisfactin ________________
sthing ________________
supprtive________________
sympathy ________________
sympathetic ________________
talented ________________
tlerance ________________
tlerant ________________
understanding ________________
admiring ________________
rewarding ________________
instructive ________________
cnsent________________
impressed / impressive ________________
humrus________________
表示否定+消极
unwilling ________________ = reluctant
pessimistic________________= permissive
depressed ________________ = frustrated = glmy
hesitancy________________
hesitant ________________
arrgant ________________
biased ________________
cnservative ________________
cntempt_______________
cntemptuus ________________
detestatin________________
disapprval ________________
disgust ________________
dubtful ________________
enraged ________________
guilty________________
harmful________________
impulsive ________________
indignatin ________________
indulgence ________________
insulted ________________
misleading ________________
negative ________________
bjectin ________________
ppsitin________________
ppsed ________________
self-centered ________________
irnic________________=sarcastic=satiric
disappinted ________________
radical________________
disapprval ________________
hstile________________
undesirable ________________
unwrthy ________________
wrried ________________
permissive________________
表示客观中立
factual ________________
detached ________________
disinterested ________________
impartial ________________
neutral ________________ = impersnal
ambiguus ________________
cnservative________________
bjective ________________
bjectiveness ________________
unbiased ________________
unprejudiced________________
主观词
cautius________________
cautiusness ________________
curisity ________________
puzzled ________________
subjective ________________
apprehensive ________________
intlerant________________
critical________________
criticism________________
cmprmising ________________
dissatisfied ________________
infrmative ________________
frmal ________________
infrmal ________________
discntent________________
表怀疑不确定
dubius________________
questining________________
uncertain ________________
unclear ________________
skeptical________________
skepticism ________________
suspicin ________________
questinable ________________
2.记叙文描写人物的高频词：
adaptable________________
aggressive________________
ambitius________________
analytical________________
argumentative________________
aspiring________________
attractive________________
brilliant________________
cmpetent________________
cnfident________________
cnsiderate________________
cnstructive________________
cperative________________
curageus________________
creative________________
dashing________________
demanding________________
determined________________
devted________________
disciplined________________
dishnest________________
disrganized________________
dutiful________________
easy-ging________________
efficient________________
energetic________________
enthusiastic________________
expressive________________
faithful________________
frceful________________
frgetful________________
generus________________
helpful________________
helpless________________
hnest________________
humrus________________
incnsiderate________________
independent________________
initiative ________________
intellective________________
inventive________________
just ________________
kind-hearted________________
knwledgeable________________
learned________________
lyal________________
mean________________
methdical________________
mdest________________
mdy________________
mtivated________________
narrw-minded________________
nisy________________
bjective________________
pen-minded________________
ptimistic________________
rderly________________
riginal________________
utging________________
painstaking________________
passinate________________
pessimistic________________
plite________________
ppular________________
practical________________
purpseful________________
pushy________________
persnality________________
qualified________________
respnsible________________
rmantic________________
self-cnscius________________
sensitive________________
sincere________________
skeptical________________
smart________________
sciable________________
spirited________________
steady________________
straightfrward________________
strict________________
supprtive________________
strng-willed________________
sympathetic________________
talented________________
thughtful________________
tireless________________
tlerant________________
understanding________________
upright________________
virtuus________________
熟记常用同义替换词汇或短语
1.________________ be related t= be assciated with= be linked t= be cnnected with
2.________________ a variety f +n. /varieties f +n. =varius +n. =all kinds f=all srts f = diversities f
3.________________ in advance, ahead f time, ahead f schedule
4.________________be tired/sick f=be bred with=be fed up with
5.________________agree/be cnsistent/crrespnd with
6.________________be absent frm, be nt present at
7.________________byctt, refuse t accept, resist, reject
8.________________cntradict, be ppsite t
9.________________abandn, g away frm, leave, give up
10.________________describe, give a descriptin f
11.________________afterwards, after that, later n
12.________________nwadays, at present, at the present time
13.________________cancel, call ff
14.________________annunce/declare sth, make sth knwn t the public
15.________________in (a) gd cnditin, in a gd state/situatin
16.________________be accessible, be easy t enter/reach/use
17.________________again, nce mre, nce again, ver and ver again
18.________________be in the dark abut, knw nthing abut
19.________________allcate sth t sb, divide sth amng sb
20.________________不愿意/不屑于…= be unwilling t d sth=be reluctantly
21.industrius ________________=hardwrking =diligent
22.all f a sudden ________________= all at nce = suddenly =sharply= ut f the blue= withut warning
23.cheat n sb ________________=be nt faithful t sb
24. learn…by heart ________________=memrize注：recite ________________
25. stand fr ________________=represent=be n behalf f=symblize
26. prvide sb with sth ________________= prvide sth fr sb=supply sb with sth=supply sth t sb=affrd sb sth
=affrd sth t sb
27. be brught up ________________= be raised= be reared bring up = raise ________________
28. agree with sb ________________= see eye t eye with sb
29. attend t________________= pay attentin t= be attentive t
30. take n ________________…= assume
熟记常用有关文章出处的词汇
nvel/fictin________________
science nvel/fictin________________
advertisement/Ad________________
An fficial website________________
A travel website________________
an instructive website________________
travel magazine________________
gegraphy magazine________________
science magazine________________
illustrated magazine________________
newspaper________________
business newspaper________________
science reprt________________
medical reprt________________
fficial reprt________________
research reprt________________
news reprt________________
A travel jurnal________________
travel guidebk________________
exhibitin guidebk________________
A prgram guide________________
A training brchure________________
A travel brchure________________
A literature review________________
A film review________________
academic article________________
research article________________
bigraphy________________
curse plan________________
encyclpedia________________
题型二 词汇选择题
1．（24-25高三上·天津·期中）The wrd Mangzhng is a pun (双关语) n “busy planting” in Chinese, which is als an _____descriptin f hw farmers’ life is during this perid f time.
A．accurateB．flexibleC．accessibleD．available
2．（23-24高三·天津滨海新·阶段练习）The ________ prject was cmpleted in nly nine mnths.
A．relevantB．ambitiusC．lyalD．vilent
3．（2024·天津·一模）Play is a(n) part f a child’s develpment, just as the saying ges, “All wrk and n play makes Jack a dull by”.
A．accurateB．essentialC．impressiveD．temprary
4．（23-24高三下·天津·阶段练习）Sme peple think that watching vilence n TV is ne f the majr causes f ______ behavir and crime in sciety.
A．abstractB．ridiculusC．aggressiveD．visual
5．（22-23高三下·广东广州·阶段练习）She’s very ________ f the prblems invlved.
A．brilliantB．intelligentC．innvativeD．cnscius
6．（22-23高三下·广东广州·阶段练习）Early bird tickets are available, but they are nly ________ t ur members.
A．accessibleB．accidentalC．ptentialD．imaginative
7．（2024·天津河北·一模）Cnsidering the different demands f the students, the schl has adpted a mre ________ apprach t educatin.
A．independentB．respnsibleC．flexibleD．general
8．（22-23高三下·广东广州·阶段练习）This is a ________ shpping centre ffering visitrs entry t a clutch (群) f well-knwn etailers withut ging t their different websites.
A．artificialB．autmaticC．virtualD．relevant
9．（2022·天津南开·模拟预测）Withut ur phnes, we had a ________ cnversatin fr ver tw hurs, withut being distracted by messages frm ther peple.
A．pliteB．preciusC．prperD．psitive
10．（21-22高三下·天津滨海新·阶段练习）Cnsidering the different demands f the students, the schl has adpted a mre ________ apprach t educatin.
A．independentB．respnsibleC．flexibleD．cnsiderate
11．（23-24高三上·天津·期末）Students wh are fund with pets, whether visiting r wned by the student, are _______ t an initial fine f $100 and a cntinuing fine f $50 a day per pet.
A．bundB．subjectC．subsequentD．cmmitted
12．（23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）Mre Chinese classics have been adapted fr mvies r TV plays t make traditinal Chinese culture t a wider range f peple.
A．flexibleB．cnvenientC．effectiveD．accessible
13．（23-24高三上·天津西青·期末）Sarah was feeling abut the result f her jb interview, and cnstantly check her email fr any news.
A．guiltyB．gratefulC．anxiusD．sad
14．（23-24高三上·天津河北·期末）Despite the rise in technlgy-based learning tls, the schl chse t maintain ______teaching methds, emphasizing the value f face-t-face interactin in the classrm.
A．identicalB．substantialC．btanicalD．cnventinal
15．（2023·天津·高考真题）Athletes shuld make _________ preparatin, bth physical and psychlgical, befre entering a big race.
A．adequateB．slightC．identicalD．rugh
16．（23-24高三上·内蒙古通辽·阶段练习）My furteen-year-ld sister is nw studying in a ________ schl.
A．vcatinalB．vcatinC．vacatinD．vacatinal
17．（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）Accrding t the results, vters’ pinins differ n a variety f issues, such as gun cntrl, illegal immigratin and s n.
A．ptentialB．cntrversialC．financialD．fficial
18．（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）Since this schl prvides varius ptinal curses, students will have a(n) chice accrding t their interest.
A．flexibleB．accessibleC．availableD．reliable
19．（23-24高三上·广东深圳·阶段练习）Students in Senir 3 are under __________ pressure but we can endure it as lng as we bear dreams in ur mind.
A．intenseB．steelyC．strangeD．cperative
20．（23-24高三上·广东深圳·阶段练习）Stephen was sclded fr walking int the kitchen with __________ bts and making a mess.
A．wlenB．gentleC．muddyD．shiny
21．（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）The Great Wall is the miniature f ______ spirit f the Chinese peple, and als the symbl f the Chinese civilizatin.
A．cnventinalB．cnservativeC．flexibleD．enterprising
22．（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）Elizabeth was enrmusly mtivated althugh she made ________ advances in her English learning.
A．brilliantB．mdestC．substantialD．cnsiderable
23．（23-24高三上·天津南开·期中）Supprters were encuraged t bring alng canned fd and ______ supplies t help thse trapped.
A．cmfrtB．dedicateC．essentialD．initial
24．（23-24高三上·江苏苏州·期中）Fssil fuels are nn-renewable, whse reserves will be used up ne day in the future. In cntrast, renewable energy surces are basically __________, and will be available t us fr a few billin mre years.
A．inadequateB．inexhaustibleC．inaccessibleD．inflexible
25．（23-24高三上·上海·期中）“Man”, as a(n) _________ term fr bth men and wmen, is nw cnsidered sexist.
A．favurableB．abstractC．blanketD．clinical
26．（23-24高三上·福建厦门·期中）The hardest part f ging back t cllege was feeling ________ abut the time I spent away frm my kids.
A．ridiculusB．cnfidentC．guiltyD．excited
27．（22-23高三上·甘肃定西·期中）Mr Davis was________ that the bks he rdered nline were nt delivered as prmised.
A．cnfidentB．cnsciusC．gratefulD．annyed
28．（22-23高二上·河北张家口·期中）There was nthing special abut this film — it was nly ______.
A．particularB．averageC．interestingD．strange
29．（21-22高三上·天津北辰·期中）Sme peple are always__________ abut the future while sme are always lking at the bright side f things in their lives.
A．abnrmalB．mdestC．pessimisticD．patient
30．（23-24高三上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）When I received the acceptance letter frm my dream university, I was ____. I culdn’t cntain my jy and excitement.
A．nervusB．ecstaticC．embarrassedD．furius
31．（23-24高三上·福建厦门·阶段练习）With the develpment f AI, the line between humans and rbts will be mre in the future.
A．absurdB．vilentC．urgentD．blurred
32．（23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）The dry-cleaner’s culdn’t get the dirt ut cmpletely, but yu can ______see it nw.
A．apprximatelyB．virtuallyC．barelyD．practically
33．（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）Mr.Hlmes believed that dr was lcked inside by the hstess, but all the evidence suggested________.
A．insteadB．anywayC．therwiseD．thugh
34．（23-24高三上·天津静海·阶段练习）Several years ag, I had a manager wh________changed his mind abut what he wanted.
A．strangelyB．cnstantlyC．actuallyD．eventually
35．（23-24高三上·天津南开·期中）If yu have health examinatin________, any disease yu may have can be discvered early.
A．regularlyB．particularlyC．graduallyD．typically
36．（23-24高三上·天津武清·阶段练习）The erhu was ______ a musical instrument f ethnic grups in nrthern China, which dates mre than a thusand years back t the Tang Dynasty (618-907).
A．riginallyB．eventuallyC．increasinglyD．accurately
37．（20-21高三上·天津北辰·期中）Yu may thank yur gd luck that yu were just___________ hurt while the thers were either killed r seriusly injured.
A．extremelyB．slightlyC．safelyD．exactly
38．（23-24高三上·重庆·期中）There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. ________, it is vital that we strive fr the equality.
A．MreverB．NeverthelessC．DespiteD．Additinally
39．（20-21高三上·天津北辰·期末）Althugh e-bks are becming mre and mre ppular, I dn’t think they will ________ take the place f paper bks.
A．finallyB．merelyC．bviuslyD．especially
40．（23-24高三上·天津南开·期中）After several runds f talks, the tw sides ______ reached an agreement.
A．apparentlyB．eventuallyC．literallyD．frequently
41．（22-23高三上·河北张家口·期中）Mst peple n this island are fishers, and ________, fishing frms an actual part f their leisure time.
A．accidentallyB．purpsefullyC．bviuslyD．frmally
42．（23-24高三上·天津静海·阶段练习）It’s a traditin that, at the wedding ceremny, the hands f the bride and grm wuld be tied tgether with a length f ribbn t symblize that their lives were fastened tgether _______.
A．cnvenientlyB．deliberatelyC．permanentlyD．temprarily
43．（23-24高三上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）My guitar sls seemed t flw _____frm my fingers, and I felt surrunded by a wall f music.
A．cntinuuslyB．excessivelyC．effrtlesslyD．steadily
44．（23-24高三上·福建宁德·阶段练习）Peng’s cmpany makes ________700,000 yuan fr each partnership it sets up and mre imprtantly, benefits bth lcal peple and freign cuntries.
A．apprximatelyB．apprpriately
C．abslutelyD．desperately
45．（23-24高三上·福建宁德·阶段练习）Whenever the teacher asks a questin f my slw desk-mate, he ften stands up and cnstantly scratches his head.
A．accidentallyB．uncnsciusly
C．elegantlyD．cincidentally
46．（24-25高三上·天津北辰·期中）Participating in extra-curricular activities enables us t learn t negtiate and ________ with fellw students.
A．cperateB．celebrateC．separateD．generate
47．（23-24高三下·天津北辰·期中）Giving speeches and presentatins is a necessary part f life. Whether it be at schl r at a cnference, speeches and rals ______ mst fields f study.
A．enhanceB．maintainC．advcateD．dminate
48．（2021·天津北辰·三模）He has made great cntributins t his cmpany since he entered the cmpany. That’s why he gt ______ last mnth.
A．blamedB．reflectedC．inspectedD．prmted
49．（2024·天津河东·二模）The plice wman ________ that I hadn’t fastened my seat belt and signaled me t stp.
A．spttedB．explredC．instructedD．described
50．（2024·天津·二模）Due t Huawei’s latest prduct Mate X5 which was ______ in September 2023, Huawei tk a leading rle n China Market Fldable Smartphne Brand Sales Ranking.
A．launchedB．landedC．installedD．infrmed
51．（2024·天津·二模）As a physician during the Han Dynasty, Hua Tu is ften________ with being the first in China t use anesthesia (麻醉)during surgcry.
A．presentedB．referredC．creditedD．prmted
52．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）We had t ______ n the lcatin fr ur vacatin t end the discussin and make everyne happy.
A．memrizeB．cmprmiseC．suspectD．destry
53．（2024·天津和平·三模）In Japan, smene wh witnesses anther persn ______ the OK gesture might think it means mney, while in France, a persn encuntering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zer.
A．ignringB．emplyingC．analyzingD．permitting
54．（2024·天津北辰·三模）By wrking in a famus schl, Lily nt nly ______ much valuable experience but als had a clearer understanding f her career ahead.
A．guaranteedB．accumulatedC．exchangedD．scheduled
55．（2024·天津·三模）While psing n significant security threat, the event did ________ sme ppular cncern.
A．suspectB．generateC．disturbD．refresh
56．（2024·天津·一模）Greenhuse gases have been speeding up the prcess f glbal warming and ur climate.
A．affectingB．challengingC．prmtingD．creating
57．（23-24高三下·天津南开·开学考试）The Tianjin Prt Free Trade Zne is the nly free trade zne in nrthern China. The zne was t be established in 1991 by State Cuncil.
A．infrmedB．advertisedC．annuncedD．apprved
58．（22-23高三下·广东广州·阶段练习）It has been ________ that this drug is effective.
A．cmpsedB．prescribedC．restrainedD．demnstrated
59．（2012·江西宜春·一模）The parking rules in public places shuld be ______ strictly, therwise yu wuld get a ticket.
A．realizedB．recgnizedC．cnsultedD．bserved
60．（23-24高三·天津河北·期末）Mst f the value f AI lies in its __________ t analyse and interpret vast amunts f data.
A．stabilityB．capacityC．celebrityD．reputatin
61．（2024·天津河西·二模）Peking University has the ______ f being ne f the mst famus universities in the wrld, s it attracts a large number f excellent students every year.
A．distinctinB．admissinC．impressinD．ambitin
62．（2024·天津·二模）The hit film YOLO has received criticism as well as ______ since it was released because views n verweight differ.
A．creditB．argumentC．implementD．privilege
63．（2024·天津和平·二模）_______ must g t addressing immediate needs and ensuring the safety f all individuals in the cmmunity during this crisis.
A．MeasuresB．TargetsC．Functins.D．Pririties
64．（23-24高三下·天津·阶段练习）The visit t the art gallery gave the yung painter a prfund ______ int the use f clrs in abstract art, s she decided t experiment with it in her wn paintings.
A．understandingB．fascinatinC．glimpseD．challenge
65．（2024·天津·二模）The CCTV shw - the Chinese Petry Cmpetitin has been ppular amng the audience, which is partly designed t aruse peple’s ______ in Chinese petry.
A．enthusiasmB．respnseC．significanceD．reflectin
66．（24高三·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Yu can deepen yur and memry if yu scan the material first.
A．cmpassinB．cmpensatinC．cnsumptinD．cmprehensin
67．（2024·天津·二模）Over the years, peple have learned frm ants that team wrk and perseverance are tw key _______ t success.
A．cntentsB．ingredientsC．apprachesD．instructins
68．（2024·天津宁河·一模）When giving first aid, we shuld give tp ________ t thse in the mst serius situatins.
A．prirityB．ptential
C．criticismD．elements
69．（2024·天津·一模）Healthcare wrkers are at risk f getting infectius diseases because f their t infected patients.
A．guidanceB．respnseC．expsureD．advantage
70．（23-24高三下·天津南开·开学考试）Men must cnsider eating, drinking, clthing and finding shelter befre they can pursue entertainment and .
A．ptentialB．recreatinC．justiceD．interventin
阅读理解
Passage 1
Experiments n rats shw that mixing energy drinks with alchl can cause lng-term prblems with cgnitive (认知的) functin, adding t cncerns ver yung adults drinking habits.
The study was carried ut by a team frm the University f Cagliari, and grups f male adlescent rats being given alchl, energy drinks, r a mixture f bth. Varius standard experiments were then used t assess cgnitive functin - including brain scans and behaviral tests - up t 53 days after drinking.
These tests revealed that the animals cnsuming the mixed drinks shwed enduring changes in their ability t learn and remember and changes in the hippcampus (海马体) - a part f the brain respnsible fr learning and memry.
Alchl and energy drinks are ppular with yung peple fr varius reasns, and the effects frm this study are that these habits culd cause sme lng-term harm. In particular, it seems that hippcampus plasticity culd be affected, damaging the brain’s ability t adapt and change in respnse t new infrmatin and demands.
While the rats n alchl and energy drinks initially shwed a bst in certain brain functins. these benefits didn’t last, and ver time and int adulthd there was a decline in brain capability.
The results shw that alchl mixed with energy drinks cnsumptin during the preadleseent perid prduces adaptive hippcampal changes at the electrphysilgical and mlecular levels. assciated with changes in behavir, which are already detectable during adlescence and persist in adulthd.
These results still need t be cnfirmed in human studies, and there’re likely differences between sexes due t hrmne interactins that weren’t explred in this study. But health cncerns ver energy drinks are justified. Alchl has plenty f effects in health, and it’s well-knwn that mixing the tw tgether in any kind f significant way isn’t the best idea.
Overall, the analysis f the whle set f data btained suggests that alchl mixed with energy drinks, during adlescence, may have results that are nt necessarily the sum f thse bserved with alchl r energy drinks alne and permanently affect hippcampal plasticity.
1．Hw was the study carried ut?
A．By bserving rats’ varius behavirs n the spt.
B．By cmparing rats’ reactins n different ccasins.
C．By cllecting previus data f rats f different kinds
D．By measuring the cgnitive influences n the tested rats.
2．What des the underlined wrd “enduring” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Minr.B．Instant.C．Lasting.D．Unnticeable
3．What can we learn frm the study?
A．Mixed drinks initially d great damage t rats’ brains.
B．Great sex differences have been detected in rats s far.
C．Human subjects have nt been invlved in the prcess
D．The hippcampal and behaviral changes dn’t last lng.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Adlescent Rats Experimented, Great Cncerns Arused
B．Mre Energy Drinks Cnsumed, Mre Health Effects Nted
C．Healthy Diet Habits Adpted, Behaviral Patterns Imprved
D．Energy Drinks Mixed with Alchl, Brain Functins Affected
Passage 2
As mre and mre species near extinctin, scientists have been cllecting samples frm animals, plants and ther creatures and string them in bibanks acrss the glbe. But climate change, envirnmental disasters and wars threaten these mdern Nah’s arks. Nw, a team f researchers is brainstrming an ut-f-this-wrld slutin: building ne f these vaults (库) n the mn.
A bibank in a permanently shadwed regin at the mn’s suth ple culd be far mre stable than thse n Earth. This part f the mn usually remains arund -196° Celsius, perfect fr string mst animal cells lng-term, marine bilgist Mary Hagedrn and clleagues reprt in BiScience.
Hagedrn and clleagues drew inspiratin frm the Svalbard Glbal Seed Vault in Nrway which takes advantage f belw-zer Arctic temperatures t preserve millins f seeds frm arund the wrld. In 2017, melting (融化) frzen sil threatened t fld the vault, highlighting the need fr a backup plan. A different team has prpsed building a lunar ark in lava (熔岩) tubes that run beneath the mn’s surface. But that design requires a slar-pwered cling system; any lss f pwer and the samples wuld be destryed. In the mn’s frever-frzen shadwed regins, a lunar vault wuldn’t need energy r cnstant human maintenance, Hagedrn’s team says.
Given the shadwy suth ple’s lw temperatures, Hagedrn says, a vault there culd stre “ne f the mst pwerful cells that we have tday” — fibrblasts. Scientists can transfrm these animal cells int stem cells, “and then thse stem cells can be used fr clning,” she says. The cells culd be valuable fr regenerating ppulatins f threatened r extinct species and fr building ecsystems in future human settlements n the mn r Mars.
The prpsal has its share f barriers. Fr instance, the mn’s permanently dark regins aren’t free frm temperature swings, says lunar scientist Benjamin Greenhagen f the Jhns Hpkins University. “They are still cld but perhaps nt always cld enugh fr this prject withut sme level f temperature management.”
1．Why is the mn an ideal place fr the bibank?
A．It’s nt affected by wars.B．It’s nt envirnmentally plluted.
C．It has prper temperatures.D．It has rich resurces fr research.
2．What led t Hagedrn’s prpsal f a lunar bibank?
A．The slar-pwered cling system.B．The lava tubes n the mn’s surface.
C．The prblem facing the Nrway Vault.D．The discvery f ice n the lunar ple.
3．What can scientists use fibrblasts t d?
A．Frm stem cells fr clning.B．Explre mn sil cnditins.
C．Help land humans n the mn.D．Imprve the ec-system f the earth.
4．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Lunar Explratin: The Next Frntier fr Clning
B．Relieving Climate Change: The Mn Bibank Prject
C．The Mn as a Backup: A New Slutin fr Seed Strage
D．Building Bibanks n the Mn: A Prpsal t Save Bidiversity
Passage 3
Superhuman artificial intelligence has played a rle in ur life. When it cmes t playing games like chess, r slving difficult scientific challenges like predicting prtein structures, cmputers are well ahead f humans. But we have ne superpwer they aren’t clse t mastering: mind reading.
We are blessed with a mysterius ability t reasn the gals, desires and beliefs f thers, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate ther peple’s actins and the cnsequences f ur wn. If AIs are t becme truly useful in everyday life — t cperate effectively with us r t understand that a child might run int the rad after a buncing ball — we have t give them this gift that evlutin has given us t read ther peple’s minds.
In psychlgy, the ability t infer anther’s mental state is referred t as thery f mind. In humans, this capacity develps at a very yung age. Hw t reprduce the capability in machines is far frm clear, thugh. One f the main challenges is cntext. Fr instance, if smene asks whether yu are ging fr a run and yu reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly cnclude the answer is n. But this requires huge amunts f backgrund knwledge abut running, weather and human preferences.
Besides, whether humans r AI, the thery f mind is suppsed t emerge naturally frm ne’s wn learning prcess. Building prir knwledge int AI makes it reliant n ur imperfect understanding f thery f mind. In additin, AI may be capable f develping appraches we culd never imagine. There can be many frms f thery f mind that we dn’t knw abut simply because we live in a human bdy that has certain types f senses and a certain ability t think.
But we might still want AI t have a mre human-like frm f thery f mind. Humans can clearly explain their gals t each ther using cmmn language and ideas. While letting AI frm the thery f mind in their learning prcess is likely t lead t develping mre pwerful AI, plainly building in shared ways t represent knwledge may be crucial fr humans t trust and cmmunicate with AI.
It is imprtant t remember, thugh, that the pursuit f machines with thery f mind is abut mre than just building mre useful rbts. It is als a stepping stne n the path twards a deeper gal fr AI and rbtics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains t be seen.But alng the way thinking abut ther peple and ther agents, we are n the path t learning t think abut urselves.
1．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing cntexts can AI understand well?
A．When asked where an bject is, a naughty kid pints in the wrng directin.
B．When a teacher asks fr a by’s hmewrk, he answers “my dg ate it”.
C．When yu are treated with a htpt fr dinner, yu reply “a sre thrat”.
D．When a mm tells her kid milk is gd fr health, the kid drinks it up.
2．Which statement will the authr agree with mst abut AI’s thery f mind?
A．AI has already mastered the ability t read human minds.
B．The develpment f AI’s thery f mind heavily relies n human’s understanding f it.
C．AI’s thery f mind can appear naturally withut any human interventin.
D．AI’s thery f mind is superir t human’s in all frms.
3．What is the authr’s attitude tward truly self-aware machines?
A．Ambiguus.B．Cnservative.C．Skeptical.D．Apprving.
4．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．AI’s Thery f Mind Will Define Our Future
B．AI with Its Own Thery f Mind Is Expected
C．AI’s Thery f Mind — a Blessing r Suffering t Humans
D．Thery f Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI
完形填空
Passage 1
（2024·天津卷）
Humans have evlved (进化) t spend lng perids ding physical exercise. But why desn’t everyne enjy exercising? The cmplexity f the human brain is t blame.
Evlving an ability desn’t autmatically mean we’ll want t use it. While physical exercise isn’t that bad, it’s still typically unpleasant. It has t be: yu’re pushing yur bdy t its physical limits, which leads t significant discmfrt.
Anther issue is that the human brain is highly sensitive t wasted effrt. Studies have shwn that it calculates the effrt required fr actins and tends t stp us frm squandering vital resurces n fruitless effrts, like walking ver 30 km fr a handful f berries.
The thing is, regular exercise t get “in shape” requires cnstant and cnsiderable effrt — all fr gradual prgress and uncertain rewards. S, yur brain’s tendency t ask, “Is it wrth it? ” will be hard t quieten. This particular feature als means we typically prefer things which ffer minimum effrt fr maximum reward.
Thankfully, the human brain is a cmplex rgan. It isn’t ruled by its mre primitive drives. While many species’ thught prcesses are limited t “Fd, eat it!”, “Danger, run!”, “Pain, avid!”, we’ve evlved beynd that. Our brains can frm multiple lng-term gals and ambitins. We can imagine a desirable future scenari (情况), figure ut hw we’d achieve it, and d just that. Or at least wrk tward it. This directly impacts hw ur brain prcesses mtivatin and willpwer. It makes us capable f delayed gratificatin (满足): we can recgnize that rejecting a reward nw can lead t a greater reward later, and act accrdingly.
S hw des the brain prcess mtivatin? The self-discrepancy (自我差异) thery suggests we have several “selves” active in ur minds at any given time: ur “actual” self, ur “ideal” self, and ur “ught” self. Yur “actual” self is hw yu are right nw. Yur “ideal” self is what yu want t be. And yur “ught” self is the self that des what yu ught t be ding t becme yur “ideal” self. S, if yur “ideal” self is a prfessinal ftballer, and yur “actual” self isn’t, yur “ught” self is the ne that spends a lt f time training, exercising, and getting better at ftball.
As far as yur brain is cncerned, there are prcesses that discurage exercise, and prcesses that encurage it. Ideally, yu’ll end up putting mre weight n the latter than the frmer.
1．What can be learnt frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．Sme peple are brn physically weaker than thers.
B．Sme peple dislike driving themselves t hard physically.
C．Mst peple have the habit f ding physical exercise.
D．Mst peple d physical exercise fr cmfrt and pleasure.
2．Which is clsest in meaning t the underlined wrd “squandering” in Paragraph 3?
A．Cnserving.B．Mixing.C．Misusing.D．Sharing.
3．What is the authr’s purpse in writing Paragraph 4?
A．T raise a questin.B．T prvide a definitin.
C．T make a cmparisn.D．T further explain a pint.
4．Accrding t the authr, hw are humans different frm many ther species?
A．Humans are able t picture a favrable future.
B．Humans benefit mre frm painful experiences.
C．Humans care mre abut immediate rewards.
D．Humans are skilled at aviding dangers.
5．Accrding t the self-discrepancy thery, wh presents the mst active “ught” self?
A．A ftballer dreaming f becming a mvie star.
B．A student eating ptat chips while watching TV.
C．A prfessinal dancer perfrming at a theatre.
D．A swimmer training t win an Olympic medal.
Passage 2
（2024年1月浙江高考真题）The Stanfrd marshmallw (棉花糖) test was riginally cnducted by psychlgist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged fur t six at a nursery schl were placed in a rm. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed n a table. Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat, they wuld be given a secnd treat. Then they were left alne in the rm. Fllw-up studies with the children later in life shwed a cnnect in between an ability t wait lng enugh t btain a secnd treat and varius frms f success.
As adults we face a versin f the marshmallw test every day. We’ re nt tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by ur cmputers, phnes, and tablets — all the devices that cnnect us t the glbal delivery system fr varius types f infrmatin that d t us what marshmallws d t preschlers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because ur ancestrs lived in a calrie-pr wrld, and ur brains develped a respnse mechanism t these treats that reflected their value — a feeling f reward and satisfactin. But as we’ve reshaped the wrld arund us, dramatically reducing the cst and effrt invlved in btaining calries, we still have the same brains we had thusands f years ag, and this mismatch is at the heart f why s many f us struggle t resist tempting fds that we knw we shuldn’t eat.
A similar prcess is at wrk in ur respnse t infrmatin. Our frmative envirnment as a species was infrmatin-pr, s ur brains develped a mechanism that prized new infrmatin. But glbal cnnectivity has greatly changed ur infrmatin envirnment. We are nw ceaselessly bmbarded (轰炸) with new infrmatin. Therefre, just as we need t be mre thughtful abut ur calric cnsumptin, we als need t be mre thughtful abut ur infrmatin cnsumptin, resisting the temptatin f the mental “junk fd” in rder t manage ur time mst effectively.
1．What did the children need t d t get a secnd treat in Mischel’s test?
A．Take an examinatin alne.B．Shw respect fr the researchers.
C．Share their treats with thers.D．Delay eating fr fifteen minutes.
2．Accrding t paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________.
A．the calrie-pr wrld and ur gd appetites
B．the shrtage f sugar and ur nutritinal needs
C．the rich fd supply and ur unchanged brains
D．the tempting fds and ur effrts t keep fit
3．What des the authr suggest readers d?
A．Absrb new infrmatin readily.B．Be selective infrmatin cnsumers.
C．Use diverse infrmatin surces.D．Prtect the infrmatin envirnment.
4．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Eat Less, Read MreB．The Bitter Truth abut Early Humans
C．The Later, the BetterD．The Marshmallw Test fr Grwnups
Passage 3
（2022年6月浙江卷）
Many peple believe that wrking t the maximum is the secret t success, but research has fund that mderatin(适度) als gets results n the jb.
In a study led by Ellen Langer f Harvard University, researchers asked peple t translate sentences int a new a made-up language. Subjects wh practiced the language mderately befrehand made fewer errrs than thse wh practiced extensively r nt at all. High levels f knwledge can make peple t attached t traditinal ways f viewing prblems acrss fields the arts, sciences, and plitics. High cnscientiusness is related t lwer jb perfrmance, especially in simple jbs where it desn’t pay t be a perfectinist.
Hw lng we stay n the clck and hw we spend that time are under careful examinatin in many wrkplaces. The yung banker wh eats lunch at his desk is prbably seen as a g-getter, while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice. “Peple frm cultures that value relatinships mre than urs des are shcked by the thught f eating alne in frnt f a cmputer”, says Art Markman, a prfessr f psychlgy at the University f Texas, Austin. Scial interactin has been shwn t lift md(情绪) and get peple thinking in new directins and in ways that culd help imprve any pst-lunch effrt.
Markman als prmtes ff-task time. “Part f being a gd thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated t what yu are wrking n at the mment but give yu fresh ideas abut yur wrk,” he says. “Als, there is a lt f research shwing that a psitive md leads t higher levels f prductivity and creativity. S, when peple d things t increase their life satisfactin, they als make themselves mre effective at wrk.”
1．What des Ellen Langer’s study shw?
A．It is wrthwhile t be a perfectinistB．Translatin makes peple knwledgeable.
C．Simpler jbs require greater cautin.D．Mderate effrt prduces the best result.
2．The underlined wrd “g-getter” in paragraph 3 refers t smene Wh_______.
A．is gd at handling pressureB．wrks hard t becme successful
C．a has a natural talent fr his jb.D．gets n well with his c-wrkers
3．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．A gd thinker is able t inspire ther peple.
B．Experience unrelated t yur jb is useless.
C．A cheerful md helps make a creative mind.
D．Fcusing n what yu d raises prductivity.
4．What des the text seem t advcate?
A．Middle-f-the-rad wrk habits.B．Balance between wrk and family.
C．Lng-standing cultural traditins.D．Harmny in the wrk envirnment.