高考英语二轮-阅读理解之词义猜测题（练习）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解之词义猜测题（练习）（学生版），共28页。
题型一 阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测单词含义题
Passage 1
The idea that aging reduces adults’ ability t imagine, a cmmn theme in children’s literature, is cntradicted by psychlgical research. While children are ften prtrayed as mre imaginative, research indicates that adults nt nly keep this ability but smetimes surpass children in imaginative thinking.
Children are frequently celebrated fr bundless imaginatin. Yet, research reveals that their make-believe games ften center arund realistic scenaris, such as cking and cleaning, as demnstrated in a 2020 study published in Jurnal f Cgnitin and Develpment. Anther study, lasting fr fur decades, als suggests that children are nt naturally mre imaginative than adults; their limitatins result frm a lack f knwledge and expertise t effectively use their imaginative capacity as adults.
Imaginatin may have evlved fr cnsidering alternatives t reality, but we use it mst naturally t explre clse alternatives, like preparing a different meal, rather than far alternatives, like riding n cluds. When we use imaginatin t envisin far alternatives — t innvate r invent — we’re nt digging int an inbrn appreciatin f the extrardinary; we’re using a tl designed t explre the rdinary. When cnsidering alternatives t reality, we fix ur attentin n pssibilities that are physically reasnable, statistically prbable, scially cnventinal and mrally permissible. When tld abut pssibilities that vilate such regularities, we usually deny they culd happen. Generally speaking, ur ideas abut what culd happen are firmly rted in what we expect t happen.
This mindset is als particularly apparent in yung children. In a 2018 study I c-designed with psychlgist Jnathan Phillips, 4-year-lds were asked t help a distressed girl wh disliked ging t schl due t missing her mther. Amng all the slutins given, they perceived the nly pssible slutin was fr her mther t d smething special after schl t ease her cncerns. Unexpected alternatives, such as snapping fingers and making it Saturday, wearing pajamas t schl r lying abut schl being clsed, were all regarded impssible. Frm this, we can cnclude that children’s earliest intuitins (直觉力) abut pssibility cnfuse what culd happen with what shuld happen.
Histrically, the imprbable event f traveling faster than a hrse was cnsidered impssible, as was traveling by air r traveling int space. Befre the arrival f trains and planes, there were gd reasns t think that peple culd travel nly s far and nly s fast. But these reasns were empirical (经验主义的), nt lgical. Imaginatin, n its wn, lumps the imprbable with the impssible, but we can cmbine imaginatin with ther abilities — namely, knwledge and reflectin — t separate the tw. While imaginatin in children ften subjects t expectatin, adults can cntrl their imaginative capacity fr innvatin by integrating it with accumulated knwledge and reflective thinking.
The underlined wrd “lumps” in the last paragraph prbably means _________.
A．mixB．matchC．cmpareD．replace
Passage 2
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Julia began her secnd year as a first grade teacher in an nline classrm. One September afternn, she received a call frm and Cynthia, wh was having technical difficulties with her granddaughter's tls fr nline learning.
Julia immediately knew smething was wrng with Cynthia. The tw wmen had spken many times befre, but Julia had never heard she sunded like this. Her wrds were s jumbled that Julia culd barely understand her. Julia called her headmaster, Charlie, wh cnvinced her that he wuld call and check n Cynthia himself.
Just like Julia, Charlie culd barely understand Cynthia. He suspected she might be having a strke (中风) — he recgnized the signs frm when his wn father had suffered ne. Charlie immediately became cncerned that Cynthia's tw grandchildren, ages six and eight, were prbably hme alne with her and scared. Charlie asked his ffice manager t send an ambulance t the grandmther's hme.
The quick respnse frm Julia and Charlie saved Cynthia's life. She arrived at the hspital in time t get treatment befre lng-term damage ccurred. Thanks t an extended stay in the hspital, she has regained mst f the mvement thrughut her bdy except fr ne hand and a regin f her muth.
“I'm prud f the peple I wrk with, that they respnded s quickly and that it did make a difference t Cynthia,” says Julia. “I am s pleased t be part f such a caring cmmunity.” But the schl's crisis respnse is nly ne piece f the cmmunity's extrardinary effrts t help Cynthia and her granddaughters. Anther family with yung children tk in the tw girls.
Virtual learning has been a challenge acrss the cuntry, but it's fair t say that it has helped the cmmunity grw clser. Many teachers there gave their persnal phne numbers t students and families in case they needed extra help. In this case, the exchange was literally life-altering.
3．The underlined wrd “jumbled” in Paragraph 2 is clsest in meaning t .
A．brief
B．unclear
C．gentle
D．implite
Passage 3
Skyscraper didn’t always mean a tall building. The earliest reference t the wrd dates back t 1788, when it was used t describe a really tall hrse, accrding t The Oxfrd English Dictinary. By the 1790s, a Philadelphia dctr had used the term t describe the triangular sail at the very tp f a ship.
After the Great Chicag Fire f 1871, the Hme Insurance Cmpany hired architect William Jenney t design a tall, fire-prf head ffice. Jenney was inspired t design the building’s steel framewrk (框架)after his wife placed a heavy bk n a small birdcage and fund that the cage supprted the weight. Tday, that revlutinary structure is widely cnsidered t be the first skyscraper.
Since then, the cmpetitin t build the wrld’s tallest building has been as sharp as the tp f the Empire State Building. In the late 1920s, Walter Chrysler and his architect arranged fr the secret cnstructin f a rf that added 125 feet f height t the new Chrysler Building, making it 1,046 feet tall. The plan allwed them t eclipse(使逊色)the 927-ft Bank f Manhattan Trust Building.
Hwever, nly 11 mnths after the Chrysler Building was ranked the wrld’s tallest, it was surpassed by a new neighbr — the Empire State Building. Yet when it pened in 1931, less than 25 percent f the building was ccupied. New Yrk jkers called it the “Empty State Building”.
The largest skyscraper in the wrld always seems t be under cnstructin. Jeddah Twer in Saudi Arabia is the latest and it’s expected t stretch nearly ne kilmeter (3, 280 feet) int the sky.
7．Which f the fllwing can best replace the underlined wrd “surpassed” in paragraph 4?
A．given awayB．left behindC．put ffD．taken up
Passage 4
On July 24, 2020, Mike Stut launched his kayak（皮筏艇）just befre 8：30 a.m. Abut 56 miles and 16.5 hurs later, he landed n the sandy Michigan shre. It was his secnd time crssing Lake Michigan.
By chance, Stut said, he gave kayaking a try in 2016. Already in gd physical cnditin, he cnsidered kayaking a weekend escape. Then he was challenged by a client f his firm t think bigger. He did g big quickly. Weekend kayak trips were 40, 50 and 60 miles lng ver the next few mnths. Then his gal was t crss Lake Michigan that year. On August 3, Stut cmpleted his first crssing f Lake Michigan in 15.5 hurs. Since then, he’s finished cuntless lng-distance trips n Minnesta rivers and lakes.
In heading back t Lake Michigan last summer, Stut thught he culd becme the first kayaker t make a rund-trip crssing f the Great Lake. He felt capable. He’d put in 800 miles since March 1, 2020-when ice was still n the Minnesta River.
Stut wanted t d with manageable winds. Pssibilities rse, nly t becme wrse, the lake shwing its mercurial nature. Stut realized a single crssing was his best hpe. With lcal plice infrmed f his plans and plenty f fd abard, Stut launched. His plan was t land n the Michigan shre 12.5 hurs later. The lake thught therwise. The winds and waves were wrking against him, t. Still, he was reslute. Finally he culd hear waves crashing n shre.
“Never did I have a sense f dubt r fear r wrry,” Stut said. Despite the cnstant, frceful wind, he said the crssing was easier than his thers because f his experience. But n less meaningful. The stars, the chance t speak t the heavens, and the hpe that his adventure wuld inspire thers-all were fuel t finish.
12．What des the underlined wrd “mercurial” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Changeable.B．Merciful.C．Perfect.D．Balanced.
Passage 5
In many cultures, it is cnsidered unlucky t spill salt. Frtunately, many cultures als have a slutin t the prblem, which usually invlves thrwing a pinch f salt ver yur shulder. It may seem cnfusing t mdern humans, but knwing that salt was nce incredibly valuable can change this perspective.
Fr thusands f years, salt was an extremely rare cmmdity. It was difficult t btain s that the price was very high. Many trading rutes were set up t carry salt, peple were paid in salt, and salt was smetimes wrth mre than its weight in gld. Therefre, spilling salt was cnsidered wasteful.
Because f its high value, salt was als assciated with friendship and gd frtune. Offerings f salt were included in many religius ceremnies, and peple might bring salt t a new hme fr gd luck. These assciatins wuld have suggested that it wuld be bad luck t spill salt, since it wuld seem t vilate salt’s frtunate prperties.
Salt is als an excellent preservative. It prevents fd frm ging bad. As such, it came t be linked with health and lngevity. In sme cultures, spilling salt was thught t reduce ne's well-being. In Britain, fr example, each spilled grain was said t represent a tear, while in Germany spilled salt awakened the devil, bringing misfrtune.
The fear f spilling salt was als adpted int the Christian faith. It is said that Judas spilled salt at the Last Supper, and since he later turned ut t be the betrayer f Christ, spilled salt is cnsidered unlucky by many Christians.
Shuld yu be unfrtunate enugh t spill salt, yu might thrw a pinch ver yur left shulder t blind the Devil.
15．What des the underlined wrd “preservative” prbably mean in Paragraph 4?
A．Prtectr.B．Flavr.C．Medium.D．Slutin.
题型二 阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测短语含义题
Passage 1
In June 2017, Tiffany Jhnsn, 34, frm Nrth Carlina, was n a ship with her husband, James Jhnsn, when they decided t take a ten-minute bat ride frm Paradise Island t g snrkeling (浮潜) in the sea.
The cuple were enjying their jurney, when Ms Jhnsn was faced with a shark (鲨鱼), which caught hld f her arm and tre it ff up t the elbw (肘). Ms Jhnsn said, “I was able t swim back t the bat with my injured arm lifted up abve the water. Once I gt t the bat, we used a beach twel as a bandage fr my arm.”
She was rushed t the nearest hspital where she underwent an peratin that lasted five hurs. “Medically, it des nt make sense that I am still alive. I didn't even require bld transfusin (输血). When I really had time t digest it all, I cried a lt. Nt really tears f sadness, but rather pure thankfulness that I was alive. I had just lived thrugh a near-death experience and I was just s frtunate t still be here,” Ms Jhnsn said.
In Nvember she had her first rbtic hand fitted. She had t learn hw t use her arm all ver again and admitted that this was very challenging being a mm f three children. “Everything is different. It desn't functin the same way as a hand des; it is mre like a tl. S it has been a learning experience and I am still learning mre than tw years later. This latest versin is nly a few mnths ld; I can nw bring my arm clser t my bdy. It functins OK, but I'm still learning,” Ms Jhnsn said.
In the times when she felt unsure, her belief kept her fcused n the things she culd cntrl. “Finally, I have learned that yu dn't always have a chice when things happen, but yu always have a chice in hw yu respnd. I have been asked t talk with sme patients that have had a hard time. It has been gd t be able t use this t help, encurage, and spread hpe,” Ms Jhnsn said.
3．What d the underlined wrds in Paragraph 4 refer t?
A．Ms Jhnsn's real arm.B．Ms Jhnsn's useless tl.
C．Ms Jhnsn's yungest child.D．Ms Jhnsn's new rbtic hand.
4．Which f the fllwing can best describe Ms Jhnsn?
A．Strng and ptimistic.B．Prud and careful.
C．Curageus and talkative.D．Creative and determined.
Passage 2
In 1918, my wife’s grandfather Karel Bndy, a Czech fficer was n his way back t the barracks ne evening when he encuntered a drunk German clnel. Karel asked the fficer whether he needed help. It turned ut he was lst. S Karel tk the clnel back t his tent.
When they arrived, the clnel insisted they have a drink tgether. At the end f the night the clnel decided t reward Karel with an Irn Crss fr his act f kindness. Naturally, Karel prtested, but his refusal was t n avail. Nt nly did the clnel stp him giving it back, but he handed a certificate t him. “Nw it’s fficial, ” he said.
In 1939, the Nazis invaded Czechslvakia. Realizing he and his family were in mrtal danger, Karel planned t relcate the family t England. But t leave he needed fur exit visas, s he submitted his applicatin t the German authrities and awaited an interview.
Hwever, ne afternn tw Gestap fficers turned up at his huse. Accusing Karel f being a British spy, the fficers ransacked his hme lking fr secret dcuments, nly t find the Irn Crss. “Hw did yu get this?” ne fficer demanded. “I gt it fr bravery during the First Wrld War,” Karel replied, shwing them the certificate with his name n it. The tw fficers marvelled at the medal they bth lnged fr. “Hw much d yu want fr it?” the ther fficer demanded. At this pint, Karel had t think n his feet. Shuld he trade the Irn Crss fr the exit visas?
“Tm srry, but l cannt part with it. I was prud t serve my cuntry and l accepted that n behalf f the men in my unit.” This speech impressed the fficers. Their attitude began t change and even tried t clean up the mess they'd made. Rubber stamps and ink pads were quickly prduced and the exit dcuments were authrised.
Eventually, Karel and his family left fr England, and started a new life there.
5．What des the underlined phrase “t n avail” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Unavailable.B．Unbearable.C．Wrthless.D．Useless.
Passage 3
Rbts have rlled int retail(零售), frm free-mving machines in Giant Fds Stres t autnmus shelf-scanners in Walmart. They free up wrkers frm rutine tasks, but that's nly the beginning.
The real benefit f retail rbts is the pprtunity t capture mre data abut the prducts n the shelves and custmer buying patterns, which can increase efficiency and accuracy in stck management. The key is using retail rbts as data-cllectrs within an internet-f-things (IT), which creates an intelligent digital ecsystem by cmbining a cmplex netwrk f cnnected devices, bjects, and sensrs gathering data. With rbts in stres, retailers already have the beginnings f IT slutin. Fr example, Auchan Retail Prtugal is launching autnmus shelf-mnitring technlgy in its supermarkets. As the rbts mve arund the stres, they capture phts f every shelf, which are then put int digital frm and turned int analysis abut ut-f-stck gds.
Such detailed data is incredibly valuable in retail. Fr traditinal retailers, hwever, merely tracking what cnsumers purchase des nt paint the entire picture. The real cmpetitive advantage fr retailers cmes in knwing what they culdn't purchase but wanted t. That's where rbts cme in.
In the nt-t-distant future, rbts may be able t d mre than thse. Cnsider a retail rbt scanning grcery stre and detecting that supplies f sugar-free peanut butter are decreasing at twice the rate f regular peanut butter. That real-time discvery then activates an autmated(自动的) rder fr mre sugar-free peanut butter t be sent t a specific stre.
As prduct cycles speed up, retailers will need t becme even faster in identifying micr-trends in cnsumer behavir t prduce, distribute, and supply the gds and services that custmers want right nw. The key t it may be a rbt walking arund freely, bringing data frm the cnsumer int the data management system in the clud.
11．What des the underlined wrds “paint the entire picture” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Draw the whle picture.B．Capture all data needed.
C．Prvide all necessary infrmatin.D．Imagine everything might happen.
Passage 4
As Califrnia gray whales wind their way suth alng Nrth America's Pacific cast, researchers are watching, wrried abut anther year f unexplained die﹣ffs.
Last spring and summer, 215 whales inexplicably (说不清地) washed up alng Nrth America's West Cast. Cncerned, the U.S. Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin called fr an investigatin, bringing tgether researchers frm the Arctic t Mexic t explre the strandings (搁浅) in a unifrm manner.
Accrding t the scientists invlved with the investigatin, it's still unclear what caused the 2019 die﹣ff and whether the whales will fare better this year.
Califrnia gray whales migrate 5, 000 miles every year frm the Arctic t Mexic's Baja. Their jurney is the lngest migratin, and full f dangers such as ships and plastic rubbish. The jurney back nrth is particularly dangerus because gray whales nly eat while in the Arctic; therefre, they are running n empty as they make their return trip frm Baja.
Data and bservatins cllected this past summer by researchers based at NOAA's Alaska Fisheries Science Center have raised mre questins than answers. Fr instance, 15 gray whales were sptted in ne day in the eastern Beaufrt Sea-a rare sighting fr a species usually seen getting fat at their feeding grunds. But with the sea ice frming later in winter and breaking up earlier in summer, scientists wnder whether gray whales will cntinue t mve farther east t new feeding areas.
In additin t changes in fd availability, as sea ice decreases, whales are running int mre and mre ship traffic in these remte waters. Ship strikes and being trapped in fishing gear are cmmn causes f whale injury and death.
Maggie Mney﹣Seus, spkeswman fr the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, said, "We are wrking t determine future whale research plans that may help shed light n this and ther relevant questins."
15．What d the underlined wrds "shed light n" refer t in the last paragraph?
A．Clarify.
B．Slve.
C．Imprve.
D．Research
Passage 5
In summer 2007, I jined the British Red Crss at 15. After several days f training. I was attending my first event as a fully qualified Red Crss vlunteer. Our team was prviding medical cver fr a large martial arts grading event.
Althugh I'd passed my first aid curse with flying clurs, I was nervus befre the event began. There's quite a difference between the classrm and the real thing! Tw experienced adult vlunteers wuld be wrking with me fr the day.
Rsie was taking part in the under-16s event. This was suppsed t be nn-cntact, and she was wearing full prtective clthing just in case. All these precautins didn't help, hwever, when her cmpetitr misjudged a mve and delivered a vilent blw t her head.
“Guys, we need sme help ver here!” Over we went, all three f us carrying varius bits f kit. Rsie was lying n the grund. As we apprached we culd see she was cnscius. Brian, my clleague tk the lead.
“Hey there, stay nice and still fr me. Chris here is just ging t hld yur head. Dn't wrry; it's just a precautin.”
I helped, painfully aware that hundreds f sets f eyes were fllwing ur every mve. Hwever I sn frgt all abut this as I fcused n the task at hand.
Rsie was cmplaining f pain in her neck. These are all classic signs f a pssible spinal injury. Quickly, Brian fund there were n ther injuries and an ambulance was called. I was still hlding her head and ding my best t cmfrt her.
The dctrs arrived and we put Rsie carefully int the ambulance fr a trip t hspital. Then we went back t the first aid pst quickly.
Ten years n I've met many mre peple like Rsie—in need f help. I've mved n frm being a trainee t a trainer, frm an inexperienced first aider t being part f an emergency ambulance team.
When a call cmes in, that slight feeling f nervusness is still there. Hwever, s is the feeling f making a difference, being there during a painful mment in smene's life.
16．What des the underlined part “with flying clurs” prbably mean?
A．Slwly.B．Successfully.C．Prly.D．Carefully.
题型三 阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测句子含义题
Passage 1
Every year. the Jint Mathmatics Meeting brings mre than 5,000 math lvers tgether. It’s the largest math meeting in the wrld. In January 2019, mathematicians flew t the meeting in Baltimre, Md., t learn abut new ideas and talk abut their wrk. Many even came t admire the latest in mathematical art.
The meeting included an entire art exhibitin. Visitrs felt amazed at sculptures made frm metal, wd and flded paper. One was based n a supersized Rubik’s cube. Many like triangles, were arranged in strange and surprising sizes and clrs. The cllectin als included drawings and paintings inspired by the study f numbers, curves (曲线) and patterns.
Art and math may seem like a strange pairing. Peple usually experience art thrugh their senses. They see a painting r listen t music. If this art mves them, they will have an emtinal respnse. Wrking at math prblems is usually viewed as smething yu think abut-nt feel. But cnnectins between the tw fields reach far back in time. Sculptrs and architects in sme ancient civilizatins included numbers and math ideas int their wrks.
Henry Segerman is a mathematician and artist. When he was in high schl, in England, he was gd at math and art. But he had t chse. “I went in the math directin back then,” he says. He thught it difficult t succeed as an artist.
Still, Segerman’s math studies led him int the visual areas f math, such as gemetry. In 2015, Segerman and sme math art friends created a virtual-reality artwrk. Participants can put n a pair f VR gggles t flat arund and thrugh fur-dimensinal shapes. Art makes it pssible t interact (互动) with these shapes, which wuld be impssible t create in ur three-dimensinal wrld. As beautiful as it is t see, Segerman’s wrk als ffers a new view n mathematical ideas.
2．What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 mean?
A．They seem extremely hard t appreciate.
B．They’re experienced in different ways.
C．They’ve been separated since ancient times.
D．They fail t bring abut peple’s respnses.
Passage 2
On the utside, 12-year-ld Luna seems like yur average kid. It's nt until yu get t knw her that yu learn that Luna is anything but average.
Brn with a heart defect (缺陷)called dextrcardia, Luna has had three pen-heart peratins and cntinues t pursue her interests in art and fashin. But when Luna was apprached by athletic she cmpany Saucny t design a she fr sale acrss the cuntry, it came as quite a surprise.
“This is s incredible. I gt t use my art and creativity fr smething new that I'd never thught I'd be able t design,“ Luna said. She is ne f six patients frm Bstn Children's Hspital ( BCH) wh have partnered with Saucny t design their wn she t launch the Shes with Sul campaign.
“Rather than just a dnatin, we wanted t create an experience and a mment that wuld nt nly raise mney, but als awareness t highlight all the amazing wrk that's being dne at BCH,“ says Chris, Saucny's vice president. “Specifically, we wanted t give sme f the BCH kids an pprtunity t share their stry and their talents with the wrld. ”
Luna's design is fashin. u On the tngue ,they digitalized ne f my drawings, and then n bttm it's a really bright pink clr, and n the inside ,the sle f the she is actually anther drawing I did f a sunset,“ she said. "Thinking abut kids everywhere arund the wrld wearing my she is amazing. It blws my mind.”
The incme frm the she sales will benefit the Bstn Children's Hspital Cardiac Fitness Prgram, which encurages kids t “find yur pssible" thrugh persnalized exercise prgrams tailred fr each individual patient's heart cnditin.
“It feels really gd t help peple and it's really smething I can relate t,“ says Luna. “The advice I wuld give a kid r smene like me is never give up. There are a lt f kids ut there with yur cnditin and yu're nt alne.”
6．What des Luna mean by “It blws my mind" in paragraph 5?
A．I'm verjyed.B．['m very serius.
C．My mind ges blank.D．My mind is racing.
Passage 3
“I have cancer.”Mm said and held me in a tight hug.I culd feel her chest shaking as she tried nt t cry but failed.
Fr all f my twenty-fur years,my mm had been supprtive.Strength and prtectin had always flwed frm her t me.Nw I knew it wuld have t flw the ther way.
Mm didn’t stay dwn fr lng.After the shck f breast-cancer,she armed herself with a ntebk and a pen and a thusand questins fr the dctrs.She tk ntes n white bld cell cunts and medicatins(药物)with lng names as thugh she were studying fr entrance exams int medical schl.”The nt-knwing is the wrst.”she said.
The peratin was successful.The chem(化疗)was the harder part.I went with Mm t every chem treatment.She rarely cmplained,thugh her hair was gne and her tenails and fingernails fell ut ne by ne.She jked that she culd save mney n nail plish and put it tward the dctr bills,even thugh she never wre nail plish.”Cancer can take my hair,my nails,my health,my very life. But it can’t take my smile.”Mm said.
Mm learned t share her fears with me,and it frmed an even deeper bnd between us.Yet I am certain there were fears she didn’t share because she was still prtecting me-wrries she nly shared with Dad.Even in the darkest hurs,she wuld just jke abut the cancer. Mm always said,”When yu lk yur greatest fear in the eye and laugh at it,yu take away sme f its pwer.”
Mm was ne f the lucky nes.She did beat her cancer,thugh nt withut scars.Frm her,I’ve learned I may nt get t chse what I face,but I d get t chse hw I face it.
9．What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．There were ther ways t treat cancer.
B．Knwledge f cancer wuld be helpful.
C．Mm had t stay strnger t beat cancer.
D．I shuld be the ne being there fr Mm.
Passage 4
I Was the Dughnut Lady
In university I had a part-time jb at a shp that sld dughnut s and cffee. Situated n a blck where several buses stpped, it served the peple wh had a few minutes t wait fr their bus.
Every afternn arund fur 'clck, a grup f schl children wuld burst int the shp, and business wuld cme t a stp. Adults wuld glance in, see the crwd and pass n. But I didn't mind if the children waited fr their bus inside. Smetimes I wuld hand ut a bus fare when a ticket went missing-always repaid the next day. On snwy days I wuld give away sme dughnuts. I wuld lck the dr at clsing time, and we waited in the warm shp until their bus finally arrived.
I enjyed my yung friends, but it never ccurred t me that I played an imprtant rle in their lives—until ne afternn when a man came and asked if I was the girl wrking n weekdays arund fur 'clck. He identified himself as the father f tw f my favrites.
“I want yu t knw I appreciate what yu d fr my children. I wrry abut them taking tw buses t get hme. It means a lt that they can wait here and yu keep an eye n them. When they are with the dughnut lady, I knw they are safe.” I tld him it wasn't a big deal, and that I enjyed the kids.
S I was the Dughnut Lady. I nt nly received a title, but became a landmark. Nw I think abut all the peple wh keep an eye n my wn children. They becme, well, Dughnut Ladies. Like the men a t the skating rink, wh let my bys ring hme; Or the bus driver wh drve my daughter t her stp at the end f the rute at night but wuldn't leave until I arrived t pick her up; Or that nice plice fficer wh tk pity n my bys walking hme in the rain when I was at wrk—even thugh the phne rang all the next day with calls frm curius neighbrs. “Was that a plice car I saw at yur huse last night?”
That wasn't a plice car. That was a Dughnut Lady.
14．By saying “ wasn't a big deal (Para. 4),” the authr meant that ______.
A．she hadn't dne anything significant
B．she hadn't spent much time with the children
C．she hadn't made a lt f mney frm the children
D．she hadn't fund it hard t get alng with the children
Passage 5
A yung kangar is lucky t be alive tday thanks t a pair f New Suth Wales teenagers.
Nick Heath and Jack Dnnelly, bth 19, were riding their mtrbikes in the bush utside Sydney n Sunday when they came acrss a kangar stuck in the mud.
The bys saw the head f the animal sticking ut f the mud at Agnes Banks near the Nepean River in suthwest Sydney. The animal was clearly in pain but the bys culdn’t reach it, s they raced hme t get sme rpe. When they returned, Mr. Dnnelly tied the rpe arund his waist and walked int the thick mud t get hld f the kangar while his friend then pulled them abut 30 meters t safety.
Appearing n Tday this mrning, the yung men retld their experience t save the animal.
“The kanguarw’s life was imprtant t us swe pulled ut all the stps t rescue it,” Mr. Heath said. “We lake pride in what we did. If we see smething like that again, we’ll d it all ver again,” Mr Heath added.
The animal, while nt in great health after being save, was handed t wildlife rescue rganizatin WIRES. It’s believed that the kangar was likely searching fr water in the dry cnditins when it gt stuck in the mud.
As fr the heres f the stry, they re glad t have been in the right place at the right time t help the animal—and dn’t mind the attentin it’s brught.
“Yeah we liked it, smething different,” Mr. Dnnelly tld
19．What did Mr. Heath mean by saying the underlined wrds in Paragraph 5?
A．They stpped t think befre acting.
B．They tried their best t save the animal.
C．They walked ut f the mud withut difficulty.
D．They were nt sure if they shuld save the animal.
题型四 阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测代词含义题
Passage 1
In the past few decades, great prgress has been made in the field f space explratin, which has enabled mankind t have a deeper understanding f the Slar System, ur place in it and in the universe. “We sent prbes(探测器) t every planet in the Slar System. This is by far the best ne,” said Claytn, vice president f Blue Origin. “Let's fcus right nw n prtecting the Earth envirnment, and then we'll g frm there. Space science and technlgy shuld be peple-centric and applicatin-centric, and fcus n imprving human life. We need t have a strng fting n the Earth, learn t slve the day-t-day prblems f the sciety.”
“Space technlgy can help achieve the 17 sustainable develpment gals t be achieved by 2030 set by the United Natins. Satellite mnitring can really help with agriculture. ” said Victria, CEO f a cmpany wrking n sustainable develpment, “Thrugh Glbal Navigatin Satellite System, animals' mvement infrmatin recrded n self-recharging devices can be transmitted t the cmpany server. Farmers can be alerted in real time if anmalies(异常现象）are detected. We can use it t ensure the traceability f the entire meat chain. As a result, it enables cnsumers t knw that the beef they are eating des nt cme frm prtected areas r the cattle dn't cntribute t defrestatin. ”
As early as 2007, Michael Griffin, frmer Administratr f NASA, put frward the cncept f the “space ecnmy” in a speech. He is very ptimistic abut the market prspect f cmmercial space and said, “Accrding t the latest data, the glbal space industry culd reach $1 trillin in 2040, up frm $ 378 billin currently. I believe mre business mdels and space activities will be created in the future t achieve the ecnmic scale f $1 trillin. ”
As an entrepreneur(创业者）herself, Victria thinks the thriving space market will bring cuntless pprtunities fr entrepreneurs. She mentined future settlements n Mars r n the Mn. “If we are ging t develp a new sciety utside the Earth, we will need all types f applicatins and all types f startups. But cming back t the Earth, there are s many prblems that need t be slved, and space technlgy can really help with that.”
1．What des the underlined wrd “This” in Paragraph 1 refer t ?
A．A successful space explratin.
B．A prbe sent t ther planets.
C．The planet peple are living n nw.
D．The slar system peple are explring.
Passage 2
Babies wh frequently cmmunicate with their caregivers using eye cntact and vcalisatins(发声)at the age f ne are mre likely t develp greater languages skills by the time they reach tw,accrding t new research.
In the study, researchers lked at 11- and 12-mnth-d babies' vcalisatins. gestures and gaze behaviurs ,and at hw their caregivers respnded t them.T measure he interactins ,the researchers videed infants(婴儿)and caregiver at hme,and asked them t play as usual.They tk thse recrdings back t the university
The scientists then used statistical mdels t find that the best predictr f vcabulary at 24 mnths was when infants were seen t use vcalsatims while lking at their caregiver's face when they were abut a year ld.The benefits were even greater when these interactins were fllwed by respnses frm the caregiver.
The statistics shwed that at 19 mnths,children had an average f abut 100 wrds.Thse wh exhibited the beneficial interactive behaviur earlier in life were seen t have an average f abut 30 extra wrds.
"The message f this paper is that it is the result f a jint effrt; nticing what yur child is attending t and talking t them abut it will supprt their language develpment." said McGillin, a c-authr f the wrk.
"The jy f this message is that that can happen in any cntext... acrss any part f yur day.It's nt smething that requires special equipment r even lts f time.I can happen when yu're ding the laundry,fr example—when yu're taking ut the scks, yu can talk abut the park, in the car, at mealtimes,at bathtimes.This finding can be used in any cntext,"added McGillin.
"This is a develpmental snapsht in the first year f life, but children are cnstantly grwing and changing and s are their behaviurs. It wuld be interesting t lk at these srts f behaviurs again as children prgress thrugh the secnd year f life t see what's happening there,"said Dnnellan,the lead authr n the study.
6．What des he underlined wrd "it"in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Infants' eye cntact.
B．Infants' larger vcabulary.
C．The respnse frm caregivers.
D．The best predictr f vcabulary.
Passage 3
Last year, a ppular restaurant released a live stream f a family dining in it, withut asking their permissin. After finding ut what the restaurant was ding, the family shwed their bjectin, but the restaurant ignred it and insisted that they had the right t d it. Mrever, they tried t silence the family, saying that their behavir was damaging the restaurant's image. This event has caused a debate n the vilatin f privacy and prtrait rights by webcasts.
It desn't bther sme peple when their images are uncnsciusly recrded by cameras and shwn thrugh live streams n different nline platfrms. They may even enjy appearing n screens and cperate with sme businesses. In that way, the restaurant can have mre public expsure and thus attract mre custmers, which is their purpse f webcasting. Hwever, thers including the family mentined abve, are against it. The family thught that their prtrait rights were vilated, cnsidering n ne had asked if it was kay t use the images f them. They fund intlerable that their actins captured by the camera were webcast live t millins f viewers, nt t mentin the fact that sme f them were nt s decent. Thus they demanded an aplgy frm restaurant.
Peple may behave in a relaxed way when eating r resting, and they dn't want thers t see them in this way. Thus, frm a legal perspective, if businesses webcast their custmers fr cmmercial reasns, they have vilated custmers prtrait rights.
Webcasting smene withut his r her cnsent amunts t a vilatin f prtrait rights, which is getting increasingly cmmn these days as cellphne webcasting is grwing in ppularity fr technical cnvenience, Hwever, public awareness f privacy prtectin is still falling behind. Mre shuld be dne t make sure webcasting is develping sustainably, withut vilating peple's legal rights.
10．What des the underlined wrd "that" in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Custmers enjy appearing n screens.
B．Custmers cperate with sme businesses.
C．Custmers are shwn thrugh live streams nline.
D．Custmers are uncnsciusly recrded by cameras.
Passage 4
Smiling can infect everyne and light up ur day. Well, it was at the market at 5 pm — the wrst time f day t shp. I had t pick up a few essentials after wrk: cream fr cffee, eggs fr breakfast and Advil fr my headache.
I’d been rushing all day ding jbs fr peple. I did nt want t be shpping, t say the least. But I tld myself it was my last stp befre ging hme t put my feet up.
S I scred (得到) a parking place, grabbed a bag frm the trunk and fund a shpping cart.
The market wasn’t as crwded as I had expected. I grabbed a package f linguini (意粉) and sme pest.
That’s when I saw her. She was sitting in a shpping cart. She lked t be maybe 9 mnths ld. Shrt blnd curls, blue eyes. A white lace dress and shiny black shes.
I culdn’t take my eyes ff her. Then I did what I always d with children: I gave her my best smile. I may have lked a bit mad, but it came frm my heart.
That is a habit I frmed lng ag when I became a mther. It started with my first child, in that unfrgettable, life-changing mment.
At times my smile wuld fade t a lk f fear r wrry, but it never left my face fr lng. It always came back, even thrugh tears.
I’ve learned that everyne needs a smile smetimes, yung and ld, friends and strangers, even strangers at the market in a rush t get hme.
She tk her time deciding just what t make f my smile. But finally, she lit up.
I laughed and waved gdbye. And she blew me a kiss.
That put a smile n my face and I gt a smile in return frm every shpper I passed.
I was still smiling when I gt hme and realized I’d frgtten t get Advil. Luckily, I didn’t need it. My headache was gne.
Smehw, in that simple exchange f smiles, this weary (使人厌烦的) ld wrld became a better place. Want t change the wrld? Try smiling. Smene will smile back at yu. I guarantee it.
If yu’re lucky, maybe they’ll even blw yu a kiss and make yur headache g away.
15．What des the underlined wrd “That” refer t?
A．Shpping in the afternn.B．Suffering frm a headache.
C．Smiling at kids she meets.D．Observing different peple.
Passage 5
What makes babies laugh? It sunds like ne f the mst fun questins a researcher culd investigate, but there’s a serius scientific reasn why Caspar Addyman wants t find ut.
He’s nt the first t ask this questin. The great psychlgist(心理学家) f human develpment, Jean Piaget, thught that babies laughter culd be used t see int their minds. Studying when babies laugh might therefre be a great way f gaining insight int hw they understand the wrld, he reasned. But althugh he suggested this in the 1940s, this idea remains t be prperly tested. Despite the fact that sme very famus investigatrs have studied the tpic, it hasn’t been given enugh attentin by mdern psychlgy.
Addyman, f Birkbeck, University f Lndn, is ut t change that. He believes we can use laughter t get at exactly hw babies understand the wrld. He’s cmpleted the wrld’s largest and mst cmprehensive survey f what makes babies laugh, presenting his initial results at the Internatinal Cnference n Infant Studies, Berlin, last year. Via his website he surveyed mre than 1,000 parents frm arund the wrld, asking them questins abut when, where and why their babies laugh.
The results are heart-warming. A baby’s first smile cmes at abut six weeks, their first laugh at abut three and a half mnths. Peekab(躲猫猫) is a sure-fire favurite fr making babies laugh, but tickling(挠痒痒) is the single mst reprted reasn why babies laugh.
Imprtantly, frm the very first chuckle(低声轻笑), the survey respnses shw that babies are laughing with ther peple, and at what they d. The mere physical sensatin f smething being ticklish isn’t enugh. Nr is it enugh t see smething disappear r appear suddenly. It’s nly funny when an adult makes these things happen fr the baby. This shws that way befre babies walk, r talk, they – and their laughter – are scial. If yu tickle a baby they apparently laugh because yu are tickling them, nt just because they are tickled.
What’s mre, babies dn’t tend t laugh at peple falling ver. They are far mre likely t laugh when they fall ver, rather than smene else, r when ther peple are happy, rather than when they are sad r unpleasantly surprised. Althugh parents reprt that by babies laugh slightly mre than girl babies, bth genders (性别) find mummy and daddy equally funny.
In spite f the scientific ptential, baby laughter is “strangely ignred”, accrding t Addyman. Part f the reasn is the difficulty f making babies laugh reliably in the lab, althugh he plans t deal with this in the next stage f the prject. But partly the tpic has been ignred, he says, because it isn’t viewed as a subject fr “prper” science t lk int. This is a prejudice Addyman hpes t verturn – fr him, the study f laughter is certainly n jke.
19．The underlined wrd “that” in Paragraph 3 refers t ________.
A．the present situatin f BirkbeckB．the study cnducted by Jean Padget
C．thinking little f mdern psychlgyD．ignring the research int babies’ laughter
Passage 1
My life as a tax-paying emplyed persn began in middle schl, when, fr three whle days, I wrked n an assembly (装配) line. My best friend Betsy’s father was an executive (管理者) at Hugh Bakeries, which, at special festivals, made little rabbit-shaped cakes fr all its stres. The plant dwntwn needed eight kids fr temprary help, and the shift (轮班) fell ver spring break, during which I had n plans. Cake? I lved cake-icing especially. I’d earn minimum wage. I’d see hw a factry wrked. My parents thught all f this was a grand idea fr a girl like me and called Betsy’s dad with their permissin.
Our rles n the line were simple: Place cakes n cnveyr belt. Attach icing ears. Apply icing eyes and nse. Remve the cakes frm belt; place nt trays. This was harder than it sunds. With yur mind wandering, the cakes pile up. As I tld my parents that first night, it was all a little mre high-pressure than I’d expected. Dad smiled. This was the srt f wrk that made yu appreciate the mney yu earned, he tld me. And if yur feet hurt r the minutes felt like hurs, well then that was just mtivatin t keep thse grades up and get that cllege educatin.
And the icing? We kids were allwed t eat as much as we wanted. By nn the first day, I culd barely lk at the stuff. T brrw a favrite phrase frm my father: The executives weren’t brn yesterday.
4．What des the writer mean by saying “I culd barely lk at the stuff”?
A．She fund the icing ugly.B．She was tired frm the wrk.
C．She had eaten t much icing.D．She felt depressed with the jb.
Passage 2
Last weekend was terrible fr awards ceremnies. The BAFTAS,defined by a painful mnlgue（独角戏）frm Janna Lumley, was watched by 500,000 fewer peple than last year. Meanwhile,the number f 18﹣t 49-year-lds watching the Grammys has reached an all-time lw.
Dn't expect the Oscars t fare any better；they have lst millins f viewers since 2014. Add t the fact that cmparatively few peple have watched mst f the nminated films and yu have gt a ratings time bmb.
Viewers are deserting awards shws in grups and smething needs t be dne. But what？Rerganize them t celebrate really ppular wrk？That's what the Oscars put frward last year when it suggested a best ppular film categry﹣and it was swiftly bed（喝倒彩）ut f twn.
Anther ptin wuld be t shrten the length f the ceremnies, but this wn't wrk either. The Oscars recently annunced plans t hide several categries in ad breaks,and the anger in sme quarters（the cinematgraphers, makeup artists and editrs wh this year wn't get their mment n the small screen）has been bvius.
What else can they d？ Fewer sngs？ Shrter speeches？ An In Memriam sectin that cnsists f the wrds： "Peple die： get ver it"？
Frtunately, I have the perfect slutin： dn't televise awards shws. Just dn't d it. Awards shws are the ppsite f gd televisin. They're t lng and t bring because f regular and repeated patterns and t self﹣imprtant. And by Gd, we shuld have learned by nw nt t give celebrities any mre attentin than they already have. It just makes them think that we want t hear them giving ut half﹣baked pinins abut Dnald Trump and Brexit.
I'm nt suggesting that the awards shws shuldn't happen. I'm just saying that the awards shuld be annunced in the frm f a press release at the end f the ceremny, fllwed by a handful f Yu Tube clips shwing sme nice utfits and a cuple f speeches. That's hw mst f us cnsume them nw anyway.
10．What des the underlined wrd "it" in paragraph 3 refer t？
A．The best ppular film categry.
B．The best actress.
C．The rerganized Oscars.
D．The deserted awards shw.
（2024 北京卷C）
The ntin that we live in smene else’s vide game is irresistible t many. Searching the term “simulatin hypthesis” (模拟假说) returns numerus results that debate whether the universe is a cmputer simulatin —— a cncept that sme scientists actually take seriusly. Unfrtunately, this is nt a scientific questin. We will prbably never knw whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea t advance scientific knwledge.
The 18th-century philspher Kant argued that the universe ultimately cnsists f things-in-themselves that are unknwable. While he held the ntin that bjective reality exists, he said ur mind plays a necessary rle in structuring and shaping ur perceptins. Mdern sciences have revealed that ur perceptual experience f the wrld is the result f many stages f prcessing by sensry systems and cgnitive (认知的) functins in the brain. N ne knws exactly what happens within this black bx. If empirical (实证的) experience fails t reveal reality, reasning wn’t reveal reality either since it relies n cncepts and wrds that are cntingent n ur scial, cultural and psychlgical histries. Again, a black bx.
S, if we accept that the universe is unknwable, we als accept we will never knw if we live in a cmputer simulatin. And then, we can shift ur inquiry frm “Is the universe a cmputer simulatin?” t “Can we mdel the universe as a cmputer simulatin? ” Mdelling reality is what we d. T facilitate ur cmprehensin f the wrld, we build mdels based n cnceptual metaphrs (隐喻) that are familiar t us. In Newtn’s era, we imagined the universe as a clck. In Einstein’s, we uncvered the standard mdel f particle (粒子) physics.
Nw that we are in the infrmatin age, we have new cncepts such as the cmputer, infrmatin prcessing, virtual reality, and simulatin. Unsurprisingly, these new cncepts inspire us t build new mdels f the universe. Mdels are nt the reality, hwever. There is n pint in arguing if the universe is a clck, a set f particles r an utput f cmputatin. All these mdels are tls t deal with the unknwn and t make discveries. And the mre tls we have, the mre effective and insightful we can becme.
It can be imagined that cmparable t the prcess f building previus scientific mdels, develping the “cmputer simulatin” metaphr-based mdel will als be a hugely rewarding exercise.
29. What des the phrase “cntingent n” underlined in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Accepted by.B. Determined by.C. Awakened by.D. Discvered by.
（2023北京卷D）What is life? Like mst great questins, this ne is easy t ask but difficult t answer. The reasn is simple: we knw f just ne type f life and it’s challenging t d science with a sample size f ne. The field f artificial life-called ALife fr shrt — is the systematic attempt t spell ut life’s fundamental principles. Many f these practitiners, s-called ALifers, think that smehw making life is the surest way t really understand what life is.
S far n ne has cnvincingly made artificial life. This track recrd makes ALife a ripe target fr criticism, such as declaratins f the field’s dubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a cmplexity scientist, is tired f such cmplaints. Asking abut “the pint” f ALife might be, well, missing the pint entirely, he says. “The existence f a living system is nt abut the use f anything.” Alan says. “Sme peple ask me, ‘S what’s the wrth f artificial life?’ D yu ever think, ‘What is the wrth f yur grandmther?’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applicatins, the attempts t create artificial life culd have practical payffs. Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife’s cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamred by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin (演化). This is the capacity fr a system t create essentially endless cmplexity, t be a srt f “nvelty generatr”. The nly system knwn t exhibit this is Earth’s bisphere. If the field f ALife manages t reprduce life’s endless “creativity” in sme virtual mdel, thse same principles culd give rise t truly inventive machines.
Cmpared with the develpments f Al, advances in ALife are harder t recgnize. One reasn is that ALife is a field in which the central cncept — life itself — is undefined. The lack f agreement amng ALifers desn’t help either. The result is a diverse line f prjects that each advance alng their unique paths. Fr better r wrse, ALife mirrrs the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) prgressin is a striking parallel (平行线) t the evlutinary struggles that have shaped Earth bisphere.
Undefined and uncntrlled, ALife drives its fllwers t repurpse ld ideas and generated nvelty. It may be, f curse, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising r singular. They may apply universally t all acts f evlutin. Ultimately ALife may be nthing special. But even this dismissal suggests smething：perhaps, just like life itself thrughut the universe, the rise f ALife will prve unavidable.
12．What des the wrd “enamred” underlined in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A．Shcked.B．Prtected.C．Attracted.D．Challenged.
（2022北京D）Quantum ( 量子 ) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016. Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype, but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
13．What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A．Open.B．Cl.C．Useful.D．Resistan目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测单词含义题（最新模拟）
【题型二】阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测短语含义题（最新模拟）
【题型三】阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测句子含义题（最新模拟）
【题型四】阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测代词含义题（最新模拟）
02 重难创新练（阅读理解创新题）
03 真题实战练