高考英语二轮-阅读理解高频词汇（练习）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解高频词汇（练习）（教师版），共50页。试卷主要包含了单词背诵，词汇选择题等内容，欢迎下载使用。

题型一 单词背诵（英译汉）
研究报告类高频词汇
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】单词背诵（英译汉）
【题型二】词汇选择题
02 重难创新练（阅读理解）
03 真题实战练（阅读理解）
dcument n. 文件；（计算机）文档 v. 记录；用文件证明
bidiversity n. 生物多类状态，生物多样性
technlgy n. 科技；技术性机器 bservatin n. 观察；监视；评论
applicatin n. 申请；请求；申请书；运用；生效；应用软件；勤奋；努力；涂抹；施用
assistant adj. （用于头衔前）助理的；副的 n. 助手；副手；店员；售货员；助教
utnumber vt. 数量多于；比…多
specimen n. 样品；范例；（化验的）抽样；标本
increasingly adv. 不断增加地；越来越多地 bservatinal adj. 观察的，观测的
investigate v. 调查；研究
statistician n. 统计学家，统计员
illustrate v. （用示例/图画等）说明；插图于…
experiment n. 实验；试用 v. 做实验；尝试
estimatin n. 评价，判断；估算
cnduct v. 进行，组织，实施；表现，举止；指挥；传导（热或电）
independent adj. 独立的；公正的；无关联的；自立的；私立的
accurate adj. 正确的，精确的；精准的
verestimate vt. 对…作过高的评价；对…估计过高 n. 过高的估计；过分的评价 vi. 估计过高；评价过高 underestimate vt. 低估；对…估计不足；看轻；把…的价值估计过低 n. 低估；估计不足；过低评价，过低估价；轻视 average adj. 平均的；正常的，一般的 n. 平均数；平均水平 v. 平均为；算出…的平均数
crrelated adj. 有相互关系的
accuracy n. 精确（性），准确（性）；准确无误
phenmenn n. 现象；杰出的人significantly adv. 有重大意义地；显著地；意味深长地
dminant adj. 占支配地位的；显著的；（基因）显性的
respnse n. 答复；反应
ptential adj. 潜在的 n. 潜力；可能性
implicatin n. 含义；可能的影响（或作用、结果）；暗指；（被）牵连；
reveal v. 揭示；展示
feature n. 特征；五官；特写 v. 以…为特征；由…主演；以…为主要内容；占重要地位
imperfect adj. 有缺点的，不完美的；n. 处理品，瑕疵品
versampled 过度采样的
identificatin n. 识别；身份证明；密切关联；认同；同情
riginally adv. 起初，原来；独创地，独出心裁地
psychlgist n. 心理学家
tempt vt. 引诱，怂恿；吸引；冒…的风险；使感兴趣 vi. 有吸引力
device n. 装置，器具；爆炸装置；策略，技巧
preschler n. 学龄前儿童
mechanism n. [生]机制，机能，[乐]机理；（机械）结构，机械装置[作用]，（故事的）结构；[艺]手法，技巧，途径；机械作用
dramatically adv. 戏剧地；显著地
mismatch n. 错配，失谐
cnnectivity n. 连通性
thughtful adj. 沉思的；体贴的；缜密思考过的，深思熟虑的
cnsumptin n. 消费，消耗量
temptatin n. 诱惑，引诱；诱惑物
effectively adv. 有效地；实际上，事实上
阅读理解中医学、科普类高频词汇
1.医学类
alleviate vt. 减轻,使...缓和
absent-minded adj.心不在焉的，茫然的，恍惚的
bacteria n.(复数)细菌
bandage n.绷带
capsule n.胶囊，太空舱vt.装入胶囊，简缩，概括adj.精简的，小巧的
disable v.使...失去能力
disrder n.杂乱,混乱 vt.扰乱
discmfrt n.不便之处，不适vt.使不适
diagnse v.诊断 vi. 判断,诊断(疾病)vt诊断(疾病)
transplant vt.移居，移栽，移植(器官)vi.经得住移植n.移植，被移植的事物
prescribe vi.规定,开药方 vt.规定,命令,开处方
vitamin n.维生素
prtein adj，蛋白质的 n.蛋白质
xygen n.氧氧气
sthe v.缓和，使..安静，安慰
resistant adj.抵抗的,反抗的n.抵抗者
syndrme n.综合征，综合症状;典型表现，典型行为
handicap n.障碍赛,障碍 vt.加障碍物,妨碍
surgen n.外科医生
physician n.内科医生
remedy n.药物,治疗法,补救 vt.治疗,补救,矫
stress n.紧张，压力v.强调，着重vt. 强调n.负
strke n.中风;冲程;笔画;打击;尝试;轻抚vt.抚摸;敲击;划尾桨;划掉vi.击球;作尾桨手;敲击键盘
pill n.药丸,无法逃避的讨厌事 vt.服用药丸,把..制成药丸
tablet n.药片，匾，片状物
2.科普类
assign v.分配,指派 赋值（计算机科学技术）
digital adj.手指的,数字的,数码的,电子的
dimensin n.尺寸，次元，容积，维度n.范围;方面
electrical adj.电的,电气科学的
electrnic adj.电子的;电子操纵（生产、完成）的；
ptical adj，眼睛的，视觉的，光学的
universal adj.普遍的,通用的,宇宙的n.通用s
lar adj.太阳的,太阳能的
slid adj.固体的,结实的,可靠的,实心的n.固体,实心
mechanical adj.机械的,力学的,呆板的n.(供制版用的)样书，版面设计
precise adj.精确的,准确的,认真的
lgical adj，符合逻辑的,逻辑上的,有推理能
psychlgical adj.心理(学)的
phenmenn n.现象，非凡的人或事物
element n.成分,元素,基本原理,(复数)恶劣天气
bilgy n.生物学
evlutin n.进化。发展，进展
mathematics n.数学
frmula n.公式,配方,规则;代乳品adj.(赛车的)级的，方程式的
statistic n.统计数值
carbn n.碳,灯芯,复写纸
measurement n.测量,衡量.尺寸,大小
intelligence n.理解力，智力，情报，情报机关；
graph n.图表,曲线图v.用图表表示vt.以(曲线)图表示
navigatin n.航行，航海，导航
infinite adj.无限的,无穷的n.无限
visual adj.视觉的，栩栩如生的；n.视觉资料可视化
mnitr v. 监控；监听 n. 监测仪器；显示屏；班长
emissin n. 发出（气体、热量、光线等的）；排放（物）
pesticide n. 杀虫剂，农药
sustainability n. 持续性，能维持性，永续性
chemicals n. 化学药品( chemical的名词复数 )
transfrm v. 使改变形态；使改观
radmap n. 路标
frthcming adj. 即将到来的；现成的；唾手可得的；乐于助人的
revlutin n. 革命；变革；旋转
cmplicated adj. 复杂的；难处理的
understandable adj. 能懂的，可理解的，可同情的
accessible adj. 可进入/到达/使用的；可理解的；随和的
infrmative adj. 提供信息的；增长见闻的
Artificial General Intelligence通用人工智能
sidelined v. 使退出比赛( sideline的过去式和过去分词 )；使下场（尤指由于受伤）；把…排除在核心之外；使靠边
essential adj. 基本的；必不可少的 ；根本的 n. 必需品；基本知识
tipping pint n. 卸载点；引爆点、临界点、时间窗、价格点、量变到质变的分界点
structured thinking结构化思维
abandned adj.废弃的
envirnmentally friendly环保的
sustainable adj.可持续的
dispse f丢弃
circumstance n．条件，环境
阅读理解中社会生活、心理学类高频词汇
1.社会生活类
allcate vt.分配
assess v．评估；估算
bankrupt adj.破产的
bigraphy n．传记
bst v．提高；推动；使增长
civilize v．使文明，开化
cmprehensin n．理解
cnsciusness n．意识；观念
crdinatin n．协调
celebrity n．名人
critically adv.批判性地
depressed adj.萧条的
discipline n．纪律
emergence n．兴起
financial squeeze财政困难
flurish v．繁荣
genuine adj.真的；真诚的
initiative n．倡议，新方案
mdify v．调整；修饰
pursuit n．追求；消遣
spnsr n．赞助者 v．赞助
thrive v．旺盛，繁荣
tend v．倾向
vilent behaviurs暴力行为
chas n. 混乱，杂乱
mrality n. 道德；道德准则；品德高尚的行为；道德观
mral virtues道德美德
cruelty n. 残酷，虐待；不公
humbleness n. 谦逊，粗鄙，卑贱
religin n. 宗教；支配自己生活的大事；教派；心爱的事物
scial instincts社会本能
cmmunity n. 社会（团体）；共有；(生物)群落
mtivate vt. 使有动机，促动，激发，诱导；刺激；激发…的积极性
behaviural patterns行为模式
efficient adj. 效率高的；有能力的
accmpany v. 陪同，陪伴；伴随；为…伴奏
advantageus adj. 有利的；有好处的
self-discipline n. 自我训练，自我修养；自律
self-cntrl n. 自我控制，自制；自控；自我克制
strengthen v. 巩固；支持；壮大；加强；使坚定；增强
capacity n. 容量；才能；职责；生产能力；载客量 adj. 座无虚席的
philsphy n. 哲学；哲学思想；生活信条
2.心理学类
minimalism n. 最低纲领，极保守行动
intlerable adj. 不能忍受的；无法容忍的；不堪的；难堪
slitude n. 单独，孤独
aggressive adj. 好斗的，挑衅的；积极进取的；声势浩大的
cnceited adj. 自负的，傲慢的
frustrate vt. 挫败；阻挠；使受挫折
lnely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的；偏僻的
stress n. 精神压力；强调；重音 v. 强调；重读；使疲惫不堪
suspect v. 猜想，觉得；怀疑
bully v. 恐吓，威逼
victim n. 受害者，遇难者；祭品，牺牲品
anxiety n. 忧虑，焦虑，担心；渴望
psychlgy n. 心理（学）；思想
psychlgist n. 心理学家
self-esteem n. 自尊；自大；傲骨
neglect v. 疏忽；忽视 n. 忽略；怠慢
empathy n. 移情作用；同感，共鸣；神入
sympathetic adj. 同情的；赞同的；招人喜爱的
assertiveness n. 魄力；自信
supprtive adj. 支持的，拥护的，赞助的
cmplex adj. 复杂的；复合的 n. 综合建筑群；相关联的一组事物；复合体；情结；忧虑
psychlgical prblem精神异常，心理问题
mental health心理健康
scietal expectatins社会期望
verwhelming adj. 势不可挡的，压倒一切的，巨大的；压倒一切的欢乐
cmpetitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的
extracurricular adj. 学校课程以外的；课外
deprivatin n. 剥夺；丧失；匮乏
priritize vt. 按重要性排列，划分优先顺序；优先处理
verbal abuse言语虐待
scial exclusin n. 社会排斥
cyberbullying网上欺凌
ppularizatin n. 普及
emtinal intelligence情绪
misunderstand v. 误解
mtivatin n. 动力；积极性
阅读理解记叙文中描写人物及作者态度相关的高频词汇
1.记叙文命题中题干和选项中常考的描述作者态度的词：
表示赞同+积极
appreciatin欣赏，感激
appreciative 感激的，欣赏的
apprval 赞成，承认，正式批准
apprving 赞成的
cmpensatry 补偿的，赔偿的
cnfident 自信的，有信心的
defensive 为…而辩护
desirable 值得拥有的，令人满意的
enthusiastic 热情，热心，积极性，狂热
enthusiasm 热情的，热心的
favrable 赞成的，有利的，赞许的，良好的
frank坦白的，真诚的，直率的
influential 有影响的，有权势的
mdest 谦虚的，适度的
psitive 肯定的，积极的，实际的
prfund 深刻的，意义深远的
respectable可敬的，可观的，体面的
satisfactin 满意，满足
sthing 镇静的，慰藉的
supprtive支持的，支援的
sympathy 同情，同情心，同感，赞同
sympathetic 同情的
talented 有才能的，有天赋的
tlerance 宽容，容忍
tlerant 宽容的，容忍的
understanding 了解，认识，谅解
admiring 赞赏的
rewarding 有回报的
instructive 有教育意义的
cnsent同意
impressed / impressive 留下深刻印象的
humrus 幽默的
表示否定+消极
unwilling 不情愿的 = reluctant
pessimistic悲观的= permissive
depressed 沮丧的= frustrated = glmy
hesitancy 犹豫hesitant 犹豫的，不愿的
arrgant 傲慢的，自大的
biased 有偏见的
cnservative 保守的，守旧的
cntempt 轻视，耻辱
cntemptuus 轻视的，轻蔑的
detestatin 憎恶，厌恶
disapprval 不赞成
disgust 厌恶，反感
dubtful 可疑的，怀疑的
enraged 激怒的
guilty 有罪的，内疚的
harmful 有害的
impulsive 冲动的，任性的
indignatin 愤慨
indulgence 沉溺，放纵
insulted 受辱的，辱骂的
misleading 令人误解的，引入歧途的
negative 否定的，消极的，负的，阴性的
bjectin 异议
ppsitin反对
ppsed 反对的
self-centered 以自我为中心的，自私的
irnic讽刺的 = sarcastic = satiric
disappinted 失望的
radical 激进的
disapprval 不赞成
hstile有敌意的
undesirable 不受欢迎的，不合意的，不良的
unwrthy 不值得的，无价值的
wrried 闷闷不乐的，焦虑的
permissive悲观的
表示客观中立
factual 事实的detached 不含个人偏见的，客观的disinterested 无私的impartial 公平的，不偏不倚的neutral 中立的 = impersnal ambiguus 模棱两可的cnservative保守的bjective 客观的bjectiveness 客观，客观性unbiased 没有偏见的unprejudiced 公平的，无偏见的，没有成见的
主观词
cautius谨慎的cautiusness 谨慎，小心curisity 好奇，好奇心puzzled 困惑的，迷惑的subjective 主观的
apprehensive 担心的intlerant不能容忍的，偏执的critical批评的，挑剔的，决定性的criticism 批评cmprmising 妥协的dissatisfied 不满意的infrmative 提供资讯的frmal 正式的infrmal 非正式的discntent不满的
表怀疑不确定
dubius 怀疑的
questining 质疑的
uncertain 态度不明的
unclear 不确定的
skeptical 怀疑
skepticism 怀疑
suspicin 怀疑，猜疑
questinable 可疑的
2.记叙文描写人物的高频词：
adaptable适应性强的
aggressive有进取心的
ambitius有雄心壮志的
analytical善于分析的
argumentative好争辩的
aspiring有志气的，有抱负的
attractive有魅力的，有吸引力的
brilliant有才气的，聪颖的
cmpetent能胜任的
cnfident有信心的
cnsiderate体贴的
cnstructive建设性的
cperative有合作精神的
curageus勇敢的，有胆量的
creative富有创造力的
dashing有一股子冲劲的，有拼搏精神的
demanding苛刻的
determined坚决的
devted有献身精神的
disciplined守纪律的
dishnest不诚实的
disrganized无组织的
dutiful尽职的
easy-ging随和的
efficient有效率的
energetic精力充沛的
enthusiastic充满热情的
expressive善于表达的
faithful守信的，忠诚的
frceful性格坚强的
frgetful健忘的
generus慷慨大方的，宽宏大量的
helpful助人的，有益的
helpless无助的，没用的
hnest诚实的humrus幽默的
incnsiderate不顾及别人的，轻率的
independent有主见的
initiative 有首创精神的
intellective有智力的
inventive有发明才能的，有创造力的
just 正直的
kind-hearted好心的
knwledgeable有见识的
learned精通某学问的
lyal忠心耿耿的
mean吝啬的
methdical有方法的
mdest谦虚的
mdy情绪化的
mtivated目标明确的
narrw-minded心胸狭窄的
nisy聒噪的
bjective客观的
pen-minded虚心的
ptimistic乐观的
rderly守纪律的
riginal有独创性的
utging外向友好的
painstaking辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的
passinate充满热情的
pessimistic悲观的
plite有礼貌的
ppular受欢迎的
practical实际的
purpseful意志坚强的
pushy有进取心的
persnality有个性的人
qualified合格的
respnsible负责的
rmantic浪漫的，空想的
self-cnscius自觉的
sensitive敏感的
sincere真诚的
skeptical多疑的
smart精明的
sciable好交际的
spirited生气勃勃的
steady踏实的，稳定的
straightfrward老实的
strict严格的
supprtive助人的
strng-willed意志坚强的
sympathetic有同情心的
talented有才能的，有天赋的
thughtful体贴人的
tireless孜孜不倦的
tlerant容忍的
understanding理解人的
upright正直的
virtuus善良的,道德高尚的
熟记常用同义替换词汇或短语
1.跟…有关 be related t= be assciated with= be linked t= be cnnected with
2.多种多样 a variety f +n. /varieties f +n. =varius +n. =all kinds f=all srts f = diversities f
3.提前 in advance, ahead f time, ahead f schedule
4.厌烦 be tired/sick f=be bred with=be fed up with
5.与…一致 agree/be cnsistent/crrespnd with
6.缺席 be absent frm, be nt present at
7.抵制 byctt, refuse t accept, resist, reject
8.与...相反/对立 cntradict, be ppsite t
9.放弃 abandn, g away frm, leave, give up
10.描述 describe, give a descriptin f
11.后来 afterwards, after that, later n
12.目前 nwadays, at present, at the present time
13.取消 cancel, call ff
14.宣布 annunce/declare sth, make sth knwn t the public
15.情况良好in (a) gd cnditin, in a gd state/situatin
16.可进入／接近的be accessible, be easy t enter/reach/use
17.再一次again, nce mre, nce again, ver and ver again
18.对……全然不知be in the dark abut, knw nthing abut
19.把某物分配给某人allcate sth t sb, divide sth amng sb
20.be abve ding sth 不愿意/不屑于…= be unwilling t d sth=be reluctantly
21.industrius 勤奋的=hardwrking =diligent
22.all f a sudden 突然；忽然= all at nce = suddenly =sharply= ut f the blue= withut warning
23.cheat n sb 对某人不忠=be nt faithful t sb
24. learn…by heart 将…背起来=memrize注：recite 指发声背出
25. stand fr 代表/表示=represent=be n behalf f=symblize
26. prvide sb with sth 提供某物给某人= prvide sth fr sb=supply sb with sth=supply sth t sb=affrd sb sth
=affrd sth t sb
27. be brught up 被抚养长大= be raised= be reared bring up = raise 将某人抚养长大
28. agree with sb 和某人看法相同= see eye t eye with sb
29. attend t 对…专注= pay attentin t= be attentive t
30. take n 带有/呈现出…= assume
熟记常用有关文章出处的词汇
nvel/fictin小说
science nvel/fictin科幻小说
advertisement/Ad 广告
An fficial website官方网站
A travel website旅游网站
an instructive website有教育意义的网站
travel magazine旅游杂志
gegraphy magazine地理杂志
science magazine科学杂志
illustrated magazine插图杂志志
newspaper报纸
business newspaper商业报纸
science reprt科学报告
medical reprt医学报告
fficial reprt官方报告
research reprt研究报告
news reprt新闻报道
A travel jurnal旅行杂志
travel guidebk旅行指南
exhibitin guidebk展览指南
A prgram guide一个程序指南
A training brchure培训手册
A travel brchure旅行手册
A literature review书评
A film review电影评论
academic article学术文章
research article研究文章
bigraphy传记
curse plan课程计划
encyclpedia百科全书
题型二 词汇选择题
1．（24-25高三上·天津·期中）The wrd Mangzhng is a pun (双关语) n “busy planting” in Chinese, which is als an _____descriptin f hw farmers’ life is during this perid f time.
A．accurateB．flexibleC．accessibleD．available
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“芒种”一词在汉语中是“忙碌种植”的双关语，也是对这一时期农民生活的准确描述。A. accurate准确的；精确的；B. flexible灵活的；柔韧的；C. accessible可接近的；可进入的；可使用的；D. available可获得的；可用的；有空的。根据“The wrd Mangzhng is a pun (双关语) n “busy planting” in Chinese,”可知，“芒种”这一词是对这段时间农民生活的一种准确描述。故选A。
2．（23-24高三·天津滨海新·阶段练习）The ________ prject was cmpleted in nly nine mnths.
A．relevantB．ambitiusC．lyalD．vilent
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个雄心勃勃的项目只用了9个月就完成了。A. relevant相关的；B. ambitius雄心勃勃的；C. lyal忠诚的；D. vilent暴力的。根据“只用了9个月完成了”，可知这个项目是“雄心勃勃的”。故选B。
3．（2024·天津·一模）Play is a(n) part f a child’s develpment, just as the saying ges, “All wrk and n play makes Jack a dull by”.
A．accurateB．essentialC．impressiveD．temprary
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：玩耍是孩子发展的重要组成部分，正如那句谚语所说：“只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻”。A. accurate精确的；B. essential重要的；C. impressive印象深刻的；D. temprary暂时的。根据后文“All wrk and n play makes Jack a dull by”可知，玩耍是孩子发展的重要组成部分，故选B。
4．（23-24高三下·天津·阶段练习）Sme peple think that watching vilence n TV is ne f the majr causes f ______ behavir and crime in sciety.
A．abstractB．ridiculusC．aggressiveD．visual
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些人认为看电视暴力是社会上攻击性行为和犯罪的主要原因之一。A. abstract抽象的；B. ridiculus荒谬的；C. aggressive挑衅的，好斗的；D. visual视觉的。根据“watching vilence n TV”以及“crime”可知，此处指“攻击性行为和犯罪”，故选C。
5．（22-23高三下·广东广州·阶段练习）She’s very ________ f the prblems invlved.
A．brilliantB．intelligentC．innvativeD．cnscius
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她非常清楚所涉及的问题。A. brilliant灿烂的，明亮的；B. intelligent聪慧的；C. innvative创新的；D. cnscius有意识的。固定搭配be cnscius f 意为“清楚知道”，表示清楚地知道问题。故选D项。
6．（22-23高三下·广东广州·阶段练习）Early bird tickets are available, but they are nly ________ t ur members.
A．accessibleB．accidentalC．ptentialD．imaginative
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们有可以提前预订的早鸟票，但只对我们的会员开放。A. accessible易得到的；B. accidental意外的；C. ptential有潜力的；D. imaginative富于想象力的。根据句意可知，我们的早鸟票只有会员才可以得到。故选A项。
7．（2024·天津河北·一模）Cnsidering the different demands f the students, the schl has adpted a mre ________ apprach t educatin.
A．independentB．respnsibleC．flexibleD．general
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到学生的不同需求，学校采取了更灵活的教育方式。A. independent独立的；B. respnsible负责的；C. flexible灵活的；D. general大体的。根据句意可知由于学生需求不同，学校应该采取更灵活的的教育方式，故选C。
8．（22-23高三下·广东广州·阶段练习）This is a ________ shpping centre ffering visitrs entry t a clutch (群) f well-knwn etailers withut ging t their different websites.
A．artificialB．autmaticC．virtualD．relevant
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个虚拟的购物中心，为游客提供了一堆知名零售商的入口，而不用去他们不同的网站。A. artificial人造的；B. autmatic自动的；C. virtual虚拟的；D. relevant相关的。根据“withut ging t their different websites”可知此处表示“虚拟的”。故选C项。
9．（2022·天津南开·模拟预测）Withut ur phnes, we had a ________ cnversatin fr ver tw hurs, withut being distracted by messages frm ther peple.
A．pliteB．preciusC．prperD．psitive
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在没有手机的情况下，我们进行了两个多小时的正常交谈，没有被其他人的信息分散注意力。A. plite有礼貌的；B. precius珍贵的、宝贵的；C. prper正常的、适当的；D. psitive积极的。根据“withut being distracted by messages frm ther peple.”可知，没有分散注意力的情况下进行了两个多小时的正常交谈。故选C。
10．（21-22高三下·天津滨海新·阶段练习）Cnsidering the different demands f the students, the schl has adpted a mre ________ apprach t educatin.
A．independentB．respnsibleC．flexibleD．cnsiderate
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到学生的不同需求，学校采取了更灵活的教育方式。A. independent独立的；B. respnsible负责的；C. flexible灵活的；D. cnsiderate体贴的。根据上文“Cnsidering the different demands f the students”指更灵活的教育方式。故选C。
11．（23-24高三上·天津·期末）Students wh are fund with pets, whether visiting r wned by the student, are _______ t an initial fine f $100 and a cntinuing fine f $50 a day per pet.
A．bundB．subjectC．subsequentD．cmmitted
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：被发现带宠物的学生，无论是来访的还是学生拥有的，都将受到100美元的罚款，每只宠物每天50美元的罚款。A. bund有义务的；B. subject受……支配的；C. subsequent随后的；D. cmmitted坚定的。根据后文“an initial fine f $100 and a cntinuing fine f $50 a day per pet.”可知，此处应是固定搭配：be subject t意为“遭受”，也就是“受到罚款”之意。故选B项。
12．（23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）Mre Chinese classics have been adapted fr mvies r TV plays t make traditinal Chinese culture t a wider range f peple.
A．flexibleB．cnvenientC．effectiveD．accessible
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的中国经典作品被改编成电影或电视剧，让更多的人了解中国传统文化。A. flexible 灵活的；B. cnvenient方便的；C. effective有效的；D. accessible可进入/到达/使用的。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词accessible，作补语，意为“可接触的，可得到的”。故选D。
13．（23-24高三上·天津西青·期末）Sarah was feeling abut the result f her jb interview, and cnstantly check her email fr any news.
A．guiltyB．gratefulC．anxiusD．sad
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Sarah对自己的面试结果感到焦虑，并不断查看她的电子邮件以了解任何消息。A. guilty有罪的；B. grateful感谢的；C. anxius焦虑的；D. sad悲哀的。根据后文“abut the result f her jb interview, and cnstantly check her email fr any news”可知空格处缺少的意思是“焦虑的”，anxius“焦虑的”符合句意。故选C项。
14．（23-24高三上·天津河北·期末）Despite the rise in technlgy-based learning tls, the schl chse t maintain ______teaching methds, emphasizing the value f face-t-face interactin in the classrm.
A．identicalB．substantialC．btanicalD．cnventinal
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管基于技术的学习工具越来越多，但学校选择保持传统的教学方法，强调课堂上面对面互动的价值。A. identical完全相同的；B. substantial大量的；C. btanical植物的；D. cnventinal传统的。根据后文“teaching methds, emphasizing the value f face-t-face interactin in the classrm”指学校选择保持传统的教学方法，强调课堂上面对面互动的价值。故选D。
15．（2023·天津·高考真题）Athletes shuld make _________ preparatin, bth physical and psychlgical, befre entering a big race.
A．adequateB．slightC．identicalD．rugh
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：运动员在参加大型比赛前应该做好充分的生理和心理准备。A. adequate足够的；B. slight轻微的；C. identical相同的；D. rugh粗糙的，不平的。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，根据句意，此处表示“足够的，充足的”，用adequate。故选A。
16．（23-24高三上·内蒙古通辽·阶段练习）My furteen-year-ld sister is nw studying in a ________ schl.
A．vcatinalB．vcatinC．vacatinD．vacatinal
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：我14岁的姐姐现在在一所职业学校学习。A. vcatinal职业的；B. vcatin职业；C. vacatin假期；D. vacatinal度假的。vacatinal schl意为“职业技能学校”。故选A。
17．（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）Accrding t the results, vters’ pinins differ n a variety f issues, such as gun cntrl, illegal immigratin and s n.
A．ptentialB．cntrversialC．financialD．fficial
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：调查结果显示，选民对枪支管制、非法移民等一系列争议性问题的看法存在分歧。A. ptential潜在的；B. cntrversial有争议的；C. financial财政的；D. fficial官方的。根据后文“such as gun cntrl, illegal immigratin and s n”指有争议性的问题存在分歧。故选B。
18．（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）Since this schl prvides varius ptinal curses, students will have a(n) chice accrding t their interest.
A．flexibleB．accessibleC．availableD．reliable
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于这所学校提供多种选修课，学生可以根据自己的兴趣灵活选择。A. flexible灵活的；B. accessible可到达的；C. available可获得的；D. reliable可靠的。根据上文“Since this schl prvides varius ptinal curses”可知课程的选择很灵活，应用flexible。故选A。
19．（23-24高三上·广东深圳·阶段练习）Students in Senir 3 are under __________ pressure but we can endure it as lng as we bear dreams in ur mind.
A．intenseB．steelyC．strangeD．cperative
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：高三的学生承受着巨大的压力，但只要我们心中有梦想，我们就能忍受。A. intense紧张的，强烈的；B. steely无情的；C. strange奇怪的；D. cperative合作的。根据上文“Students in Senir 3 are under”指高三的学生承受着巨大的压力，故选A。
20．（23-24高三上·广东深圳·阶段练习）Stephen was sclded fr walking int the kitchen with __________ bts and making a mess.
A．wlenB．gentleC．muddyD．shiny
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬因为穿着沾满泥的靴子走进厨房，弄得一团糟而受到责骂。A. wlen羊毛的；B. gentle轻柔的；C. muddy泥泞的；D. shiny闪亮的。根据“and making a mess.”可知，斯蒂芬穿着沾满泥的靴子走进厨房。故选C。
21．（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）The Great Wall is the miniature f ______ spirit f the Chinese peple, and als the symbl f the Chinese civilizatin.
A．cnventinalB．cnservativeC．flexibleD．enterprising
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：长城是中华民族进取精神的缩影，也是中华文明的象征。A. cnventinal传统的；B. cnservative保守的；C. flexible柔韧的；D. enterprising有进取心的。根据“spirit f the Chinese peple,”可知，这里指中华民族的进取精神。故选D。
22．（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）Elizabeth was enrmusly mtivated althugh she made ________ advances in her English learning.
A．brilliantB．mdestC．substantialD．cnsiderable
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管伊丽莎白在英语学习上进步不大，但她的积极性却很高。A. brilliant极聪明的；B. mdest不太多的；C. substantial重要的；D. cnsiderable相当大的。因为句中有“althugh尽管”表让步，说明她只有很小的进步，没有取得太多的进步。故选B项。
23．（23-24高三上·天津南开·期中）Supprters were encuraged t bring alng canned fd and ______ supplies t help thse trapped.
A．cmfrtB．dedicateC．essentialD．initial
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：支持者们被鼓励携带罐头食品和必需品来帮助那些被困的人。A. cmfrt安慰（名词）；B. dedicate奉献的；C. essential必要的；重要的；D. initial开始的。根据“t help thse trapped.”可知，携带必要的物品帮助那些被困的人。故选C。
24．（23-24高三上·江苏苏州·期中）Fssil fuels are nn-renewable, whse reserves will be used up ne day in the future. In cntrast, renewable energy surces are basically __________, and will be available t us fr a few billin mre years.
A．inadequateB．inexhaustibleC．inaccessibleD．inflexible
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：化石燃料是不可再生的，其储量总有一天会用完。相比之下，可再生能源基本上是取之不尽用之不竭的，而且在几十亿年后我们还可以使用。A. inadequate不充足的；B. inexhaustible取之不尽，用之不竭的；C. inaccessible达不到的；D. inflexible僵硬的。根据下文“will be available t us fr a few billin mre years.(在几十亿年后我们还可以使用)”可推理出上文说的是可再生能源是取之不尽，用之不竭的，故选B项。
25．（23-24高三上·上海·期中）“Man”, as a(n) _________ term fr bth men and wmen, is nw cnsidered sexist.
A．favurableB．abstractC．blanketD．clinical
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“Man”，作为一个对男性和女性的总称，现在被认为是性别歧视。A. favrable支持的；B. abstract抽象的；C. blanket综合的；D. clinical临床的。由句意可知，“Man”是一个对男性和女性的“综合的”称呼，所以C选项符合题意。故选C。
26．（23-24高三上·福建厦门·期中）The hardest part f ging back t cllege was feeling ________ abut the time I spent away frm my kids.
A．ridiculusB．cnfidentC．guiltyD．excited
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回到大学最困难的地方在于我对离开孩子的时间感到内疚。A. ridiculus荒谬的； B. cnfident自信的； C. guilty内疚的；D. excited兴奋的。由“the time I spent away frm my kids”可知，“我”陪在孩子身边的时间变少了，为此“我”感到内疚，选择guilty一词，故选C项。
27．（22-23高三上·甘肃定西·期中）Mr Davis was________ that the bks he rdered nline were nt delivered as prmised.
A．cnfidentB．cnsciusC．gratefulD．annyed
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Davis先生很恼火，因为他在网上订购的书没有按照承诺送达。A. cnfident自信的；B. cnscius有意识的；C. grateful感激的；D. annyed气恼的，恼怒的。根据“the bks he rdered nline were nt delivered as prmised”可知，此处指“Davis先生很恼火”，故选D。
28．（22-23高二上·河北张家口·期中）There was nthing special abut this film — it was nly ______.
A．particularB．averageC．interestingD．strange
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这部电影没什么特别之处，只是一般。A. particular特殊的；B. average一般的；C. interesting有趣的；D. strange奇怪的。根据句意可知，空处表示“一般的，普通的”，故选B项。
29．（21-22高三上·天津北辰·期中）Sme peple are always__________ abut the future while sme are always lking at the bright side f things in their lives.
A．abnrmalB．mdestC．pessimisticD．patient
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词。句意：有些人总是对未来很悲观，然而有些人总是能看到生活中好的一面。A.abnrmal不正常的；B.mdest谦虚的；C.pessimistic悲观的；D.patient有耐心的。根据空格后“while”引导的对比句可知，空格处应填悲观的。故选C。
30．（23-24高三上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）When I received the acceptance letter frm my dream university, I was ____. I culdn’t cntain my jy and excitement.
A．nervusB．ecstaticC．embarrassedD．furius
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我收到我梦寐以求的大学的录取通知书时，我欣喜若狂。我无法抑制我的喜悦和兴奋。A. nervus焦虑的；B. ecstatic狂喜的；C. embarrassed尴尬；D. furius激烈的。根据后文“I culdn’t cntain my jy and excitement.”可知，“我”非常高兴。故选B项。
31．（23-24高三上·福建厦门·阶段练习）With the develpment f AI, the line between humans and rbts will be mre in the future.
A．absurdB．vilentC．urgentD．blurred
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着人工智能的发展，未来人类和机器人之间的界限将更加模糊。A. absurd荒谬的；B. vilent暴力的；C. urgent紧急的，迫切的；D. blurred模糊不清的。根据前文“With the develpment f AI(随着人工智能的发展)”可推知，有了人工智能的帮助，机器人更加智能化，与人类之间的界限不再清晰，会变得更加模糊。故选D项。
32．（23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）The dry-cleaner’s culdn’t get the dirt ut cmpletely, but yu can ______see it nw.
A．apprximatelyB．virtuallyC．barelyD．practically
【答案】C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：干洗店无法完全清除污垢，只是你现在几乎看不见了。A. apprximately大约地；B. virtually实际上地；C. barely几乎没有；D. practically实际地，实事求是地。分析句子可知，空格处为副词充当状语修饰动词see，根据句意，此处需要的意思是“几乎不”，barely符合句意。故选C项。
33．（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）Mr.Hlmes believed that dr was lcked inside by the hstess, but all the evidence suggested________.
A．insteadB．anywayC．therwiseD．thugh
【答案】C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：福尔摩斯先生相信门是女主人从里面反锁的，但所有的证据都表明不是这样。A. instead代替；B. anyway无论如何；C. therwise与之不同地，相反地；D. thugh可是。根据转折连词but可知，福尔摩斯先生相信门是女主人从里面反锁的，但是所有的证据却表明情况相反。故选C。
34．（23-24高三上·天津静海·阶段练习）Several years ag, I had a manager wh________changed his mind abut what he wanted.
A．strangelyB．cnstantlyC．actuallyD．eventually
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：几年前，我有一位经理，对于自己想要什么，他经常改变想法。A. strangely奇怪地；B. cnstantly经常地、总是；C. actually实际上；D. eventually最终、终于。根据句意，这个经理应该是对于他想要什么，经常改变想法。故选B。
35．（23-24高三上·天津南开·期中）If yu have health examinatin________, any disease yu may have can be discvered early.
A．regularlyB．particularlyC．graduallyD．typically
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你定期做健康检查，你可能患的任何疾病都可以及早发现。A. regularly有规律地；B. particularly尤其；C. gradually逐渐地；D. typically典型的。根据后文“any disease yu may have can be discvered early”可知，应是定期做健康检查，才能及早发现可能患的任何疾病。故选A项。
36．（23-24高三上·天津武清·阶段练习）The erhu was ______ a musical instrument f ethnic grups in nrthern China, which dates mre than a thusand years back t the Tang Dynasty (618-907).
A．riginallyB．eventuallyC．increasinglyD．accurately
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：二胡最初是中国北方少数民族的乐器，可以追溯到一千多年前的唐朝(618-907)。A. riginally原来；B. eventually最后；C. increasingly不断增加地；D. accurately准确地。根据后文“which dates mre than a thusand years back t the Tang Dynasty”可知，追溯到一千多年前的唐朝，所以是在讲二胡的起源，应用riginally。故选A项。
37．（20-21高三上·天津北辰·期中）Yu may thank yur gd luck that yu were just___________ hurt while the thers were either killed r seriusly injured.
A．extremelyB．slightlyC．safelyD．exactly
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：你要感谢你的好运，你只是受了轻伤，而其他人要么死亡，要么重伤。A. extremely极端地；B. slightly轻微地；C. safely安全地；D. exactly准确地。根据“Yu may thank yur gd luck”可知，“你”受的伤是轻微的，与 killed 和seriusly injured构成对比，故选B项。
38．（23-24高三上·重庆·期中）There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. ________, it is vital that we strive fr the equality.
A．MreverB．NeverthelessC．DespiteD．Additinally
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词和介词辨析。句意：我们成功改变法律的可能性很小。然而，争取平等是至关重要的。A. Mrever此外（副词），表示递进关系；B. Nevertheless然而（副词），表示转折关系；C. Despite尽管（介词），表示让步关系；D. Additinally此外（副词），表示递进关系。空后有逗号和句子分开，空处应用副词，空前表示成功改变法律的可能性很小，空后表示仍应争取平等，前后是转折的关系，应用Nevertheless来衔接。故选B。
39．（20-21高三上·天津北辰·期末）Althugh e-bks are becming mre and mre ppular, I dn’t think they will ________ take the place f paper bks.
A．finallyB．merelyC．bviuslyD．especially
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管电子书越来越受欢迎，但我认为它们最终不会取代纸质书。A. finally 最终；B. merely仅仅；C. bviusly明显地；D. especially尤其，特别。根据“Althugh e-bks are becming mre and mre ppular,”可知，认为电子书最终不会取代纸质书。故选A。
40．（23-24高三上·天津南开·期中）After several runds f talks, the tw sides ______ reached an agreement.
A．apparentlyB．eventuallyC．literallyD．frequently
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：经过几轮谈判，双方最终达成了协议。A. apparently显然；B. eventually最终；C. literally逐字地； D. frequently经常地。根据“After several runds f talks,”可知，几轮谈判之后，最终达成协议。故选B。
41．（22-23高三上·河北张家口·期中）Mst peple n this island are fishers, and ________, fishing frms an actual part f their leisure time.
A．accidentallyB．purpsefullyC．bviuslyD．frmally
【答案】C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：岛上的大多数人都是渔民，显然，捕鱼是他们休闲时间的一部分。A. accidentally偶然地；B. purpsefully故意地；C. bviusly显然地；D. frmally 正式地。根据上文“Mst peple n this island are fishers”可推知显然捕鱼是渔民休闲时间的一部分，故选C。
42．（23-24高三上·天津静海·阶段练习）It’s a traditin that, at the wedding ceremny, the hands f the bride and grm wuld be tied tgether with a length f ribbn t symblize that their lives were fastened tgether _______.
A．cnvenientlyB．deliberatelyC．permanentlyD．temprarily
【答案】C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是一个传统，在婚礼上，新娘和新郎的手会被一段丝带绑在一起，象征着他们的生活永远绑在一起。A. cnveniently方便地；B. deliberately故意；C. permanently永久地；D. temprarily暂时。根据前文“at the wedding ceremny, the hands f the bride and grm wuld be tied tgether with a length f ribbn”可知，新娘和新郎的手会被一段丝带绑在一起应该是象征着他们的生活永远绑在一起。故选C项。
43．（23-24高三上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）My guitar sls seemed t flw _____frm my fingers, and I felt surrunded by a wall f music.
A．cntinuuslyB．excessivelyC．effrtlesslyD．steadily
【答案】C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的吉他独奏似乎毫不费力地从我的手指中流淌，我感觉被音乐墙包围了。A. cntinuusly持续地；B. excessively过分地；C. effrtlessly轻松地；D. steadily稳定地。根据前后文“My guitar sls seemed t flw frm my fingers”以及语境可知，句子表示吉他独奏似乎毫不费力地从手指中流淌，应用副词effrtlessly。故选C。
44．（23-24高三上·福建宁德·阶段练习）Peng’s cmpany makes ________700,000 yuan fr each partnership it sets up and mre imprtantly, benefits bth lcal peple and freign cuntries.
A．apprximatelyB．apprpriately
C．abslutelyD．desperately
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：彭的公司每建立一个合作伙伴，就能赚到大约70万元人民币，更重要的是，既造福了当地人，也造福了外国。A. apprximately大约；B. apprpriately适当地；C. abslutely绝对地；D. desperately绝望地。根据句意“大约70万元人民币”可知，应为副词作状语修饰数词“700,000 yuan”。故选A。
45．（23-24高三上·福建宁德·阶段练习）Whenever the teacher asks a questin f my slw desk-mate, he ften stands up and cnstantly scratches his head.
A．accidentallyB．uncnsciusly
C．elegantlyD．cincidentally
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：每当老师问我这个慢悠悠的同桌一个问题时，他常常不自觉地站起来，不停地搔着头。A. accidentally偶然地；B. uncnsciusly无意识地；不知不觉地；C. elegantly优美地；D. cincidentally巧合地。根据“Whenever the teacher asks a questin f my slw desk-mate,”可知，同桌回答老师问题时，会不自觉地站起来并不停地搔着头。故选B。
46．（24-25高三上·天津北辰·期中）Participating in extra-curricular activities enables us t learn t negtiate and ________ with fellw students.
A．cperateB．celebrateC．separateD．generate
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：参加课外活动使我们学会了与同学谈判和合作。A. cperate合作；B. celebrate庆祝；C. separate使分开；D. generate生成。由“Participating in extra-curricular activities”和“with fellw students”可知，空格处意为“合作”，是cperate。故选A。
47．（23-24高三下·天津北辰·期中）Giving speeches and presentatins is a necessary part f life. Whether it be at schl r at a cnference, speeches and rals ______ mst fields f study.
A．enhanceB．maintainC．advcateD．dminate
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：演讲和展示是生活中必不可少的一部分。无论是在学校还是在会议上，演讲和口语占据了大多数学习领域。A. enhance增强；B. maintain维持；C. advcate拥护，主张；D. dminate占主导地位。根据前文“Giving speeches and presentatins is a necessary part f life. ”可知用“dminate”（占主导地位）来形容其在多数研究领域中的影响力最为合适。故选D。
48．（2021·天津北辰·三模）He has made great cntributins t his cmpany since he entered the cmpany. That’s why he gt ______ last mnth.
A．blamedB．reflectedC．inspectedD．prmted
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从加入公司以来，他对公司做出了巨大贡献。这就是他上个月得到晋升的原因。A. blamed 责怪；B. reflected 反映；C. inspected 检查；D. prmted 提升，晋升。根据句意理解，此人因为对公司的巨大贡献，所以上个月应该是得到了积极的回馈，而“晋升”表示因为做出贡献而获得的正面结果，符合题意。故选D。
49．（2024·天津河东·二模）The plice wman ________ that I hadn’t fastened my seat belt and signaled me t stp.
A．spttedB．explredC．instructedD．described
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：女警察发现我没有系好安全带，示意我停车。A. sptted发现；B. explred探索；C. instructed指示；D. described描述。根据后文“I hadn’t fastened my seat belt and signaled me t stp”指发现没有系安全带。故选A。
50．（2024·天津·二模）Due t Huawei’s latest prduct Mate X5 which was ______ in September 2023, Huawei tk a leading rle n China Market Fldable Smartphne Brand Sales Ranking.
A．launchedB．landedC．installedD．infrmed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于华为在2023年9月推出了最新的产品Mate X5，华为在中国市场的可折叠智能手机品牌销售排名中占据了领先地位。A. launched（首次）上市；B. landed（飞机）着陆或（物品）到达；C. installed安装；D. infrmed通知。launched正确地描述了新产品的发布，符合句意。故选A项。
51．（2024·天津·二模）As a physician during the Han Dynasty, Hua Tu is ften________ with being the first in China t use anesthesia (麻醉)during surgcry.
A．presentedB．referredC．creditedD．prmted
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为汉朝的一名医生，华佗经常被认为是中国第一个在外科手术中使用麻醉的人。A. presented展示；提交；B. referred提到；涉及；C. credited认为是……的功劳；把……归功于；D. prmted促进；推动。由语意可知，华佗经常被认为是中国第一个在外科手术中使用麻醉的人。be credited with意为“被认为有……成就” 。故选C项。
52．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）We had t ______ n the lcatin fr ur vacatin t end the discussin and make everyne happy.
A．memrizeB．cmprmiseC．suspectD．destry
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了结束讨论，让每个人都满意，我们不得不在度假地点上妥协。根据后文中make everyne happy（让每个人都满意）可知，该句应该表示对于度假地点的“妥协”。A. memrize记住；B. cmprmise妥协；C. suspect猜想；D. destry摧毁。B项符合句意，故选B。
53．（2024·天津和平·三模）In Japan, smene wh witnesses anther persn ______ the OK gesture might think it means mney, while in France, a persn encuntering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zer.
A．ignringB．emplyingC．analyzingD．permitting
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在日本，看到别人做“OK”手势的人可能会认为这是钱的意思，而在法国，看到同样的手势的人可能会认为这是零的意思。A. ignring忽视；B. emplying雇佣，采用；C. analyzing分析；D. permitting允许。根据后文“the OK gesture”指采用OK手势的人。故选B。
54．（2024·天津北辰·三模）By wrking in a famus schl, Lily nt nly ______ much valuable experience but als had a clearer understanding f her career ahead.
A．guaranteedB．accumulatedC．exchangedD．scheduled
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过在名校的工作，莉莉不仅积累了很多宝贵的经验，而且对未来的职业生涯有了更清晰的认识。A. guaranteed保证；B. accumulated积累； C. exchanged交换；D. scheduled安排。根据“By wrking in a famus schl”以及常识可知，莉莉积累了很多宝贵的经验。故选B项。
55．（2024·天津·三模）While psing n significant security threat, the event did ________ sme ppular cncern.
A．suspectB．generateC．disturbD．refresh
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然没有构成重大的安全威胁，但这一事件确实引起了一些公众的关注。A. suspect怀疑；B. generate引起，产生；C. disturb打扰；D. refresh使恢复精神。根据后文“sme ppular cncern”指引起关注，故选B。
56．（2024·天津·一模）Greenhuse gases have been speeding up the prcess f glbal warming and ur climate.
A．affectingB．challengingC．prmtingD．creating
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：温室气体一直在加速全球变暖的进程并影响我们的气候。A. affect影响；B. challenge挑战；C.prmte促进；D. create创造。根据题意，温室气体在全球蔓延后，肯定会影响到我们的气候，故选A项。
57．（23-24高三下·天津南开·开学考试）The Tianjin Prt Free Trade Zne is the nly free trade zne in nrthern China. The zne was t be established in 1991 by State Cuncil.
A．infrmedB．advertisedC．annuncedD．apprved
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：天津港自由贸易区是中国北方唯一的自由贸易区。1991年经国务院批准设立。A. infrmed通知，告知；B. advertised做广告；C. annunced宣布；D. apprved同意，批准。根据The zne及by State Cuncil可知，此处表示“被批准建立”。故选D。
58．（22-23高三下·广东广州·阶段练习）It has been ________ that this drug is effective.
A．cmpsedB．prescribedC．restrainedD．demnstrated
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这药已被证实是有效的。A. cmpsed组成；B. prescribed开处方；C. restrained制止；D. demnstrated证明。根据句意可知，已被证实，这种药是有效的。故选D项。
59．（2012·江西宜春·一模）The parking rules in public places shuld be ______ strictly, therwise yu wuld get a ticket.
A．realizedB．recgnizedC．cnsultedD．bserved
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：公共场所的停车规则应该严格遵守，否则你会收到罚款单。A. realized认识到，实现；B. recgnized辨认出；C. cnsulted咨询；D. bserved观察，遵守（规则、法律等）。根据前文“The parking rules in public places”及后文“therwise yu wuld get a ticket”可知，在公共场所，必须严格遵守停车规则。故选D项。
60．（23-24高三·天津河北·期末）Mst f the value f AI lies in its __________ t analyse and interpret vast amunts f data.
A．stabilityB．capacityC．celebrityD．reputatin
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人工智能的大部分价值在于其分析和解释大量数据的能力。A. stability稳定性；B. capacity能力；C. celebrity名人，名流；D. reputatin名声，名誉。根据“t analyse and interpret vast amunts f data.”可知，此处指人工智能具备分析和解释大量数据的能力。故选B。
61．（2024·天津河西·二模）Peking University has the ______ f being ne f the mst famus universities in the wrld, s it attracts a large number f excellent students every year.
A．distinctinB．admissinC．impressinD．ambitin
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：北京大学有着全世界最著名大学之一的荣誉，因此每年都吸引着大批优秀的学生。A. distinctin荣誉；B. admissin录取；C. impressin印象；D. ambitin志向。分析句子意思可知，这里需要名词distinctin，作宾语，构成短语have the distinctin f，意为“有……的荣誉/特殊之处”。故选A。
62．（2024·天津·二模）The hit film YOLO has received criticism as well as ______ since it was released because views n verweight differ.
A．creditB．argumentC．implementD．privilege
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：热门电影《热辣滚烫》自上映以来，既受到批评，也受到赞扬，因为人们对超重的看法不一。A. credit赞扬；B. argument争论；C. implement工具；器具；D. privilege特权；荣幸。根据“because views n verweight differ.”可知，电影《热辣滚烫》既受到批评，也受到赞扬。故选A。
63．（2024·天津和平·二模）_______ must g t addressing immediate needs and ensuring the safety f all individuals in the cmmunity during this crisis.
A．MeasuresB．TargetsC．Functins.D．Pririties
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这场危机中，必须优先解决当前的需求，并确保社区中所有人的安全。A. Measures措施；B. Targets目标；C. Functins功能；D. Pririties优先事项。此处应指应对危机时需要采取的“措施”来解决眼前的需求和保障安全，因此Measures最符合语境。故选A。
64．（23-24高三下·天津·阶段练习）The visit t the art gallery gave the yung painter a prfund ______ int the use f clrs in abstract art, s she decided t experiment with it in her wn paintings.
A．understandingB．fascinatinC．glimpseD．challenge
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：参观美术馆使这位年轻的画家深刻地了解了色彩在抽象艺术中的运用，因此她决定在自己的绘画中进行尝试。A. understanding理解；B. fascinatin入迷，着迷；C. glimpse一瞥，短暂的感受；D. challenge挑战。根据gave the yung painter a prfund及int the use f clrs in abstract art可知，此处表示“对色彩在抽象艺术中的运用有了深刻的理解”，give a glimpse int为固定短语。故选C。
65．（2024·天津·二模）The CCTV shw - the Chinese Petry Cmpetitin has been ppular amng the audience, which is partly designed t aruse peple’s ______ in Chinese petry.
A．enthusiasmB．respnseC．significanceD．reflectin
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：CCTV的节目——中国诗词大会在观众中很受欢迎，这部分是设计来激发人们对中国诗词的热情。A. enthusiasm热情；B. respnse反应；C. significance意义或重要性；D. reflectin反映或思考。enthusiasm符合语境，表示节目旨在激发观众对中国诗词的热情。故选A项。
66．（24高三·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Yu can deepen yur and memry if yu scan the material first.
A．cmpassinB．cmpensatinC．cnsumptinD．cmprehensin
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你先浏览一下材料，可以加深你的理解和记忆。A. cmpassin同情；B. cmpensatin补偿；C. cnsumptin消费；D. cmprehensin理解。根据句意可知，此处为名词cmprehensin“理解”，满足句意要求。故选D项。
67．（2024·天津·二模）Over the years, peple have learned frm ants that team wrk and perseverance are tw key _______ t success.
A．cntentsB．ingredientsC．apprachesD．instructins
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年来，人们从蚂蚁身上学到，团队合作和毅力是成功的两个关键因素。A.cntents内容；B. ingredients要素，因素；C. appraches方法；D. instructins说明书。根据句意可知，团队合作和毅力是成功的两个关键因素。故选B项。
68．（2024·天津宁河·一模）When giving first aid, we shuld give tp ________ t thse in the mst serius situatins.
A．prirityB．ptential
C．criticismD．elements
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在进行急救时，我们应该优先考虑那些情况最严重的人。A. pririty优先事项，最重要的事；B. ptential潜力；C. criticism批评；D. elements元素。由“thse in the mst serius situatins”可知，句子表示“在进行急救时，我们应该优先考虑那些情况最严重的人”，give pririty t意为“优先考虑”。故选A。
69．（2024·天津·一模）Healthcare wrkers are at risk f getting infectius diseases because f their t infected patients.
A．guidanceB．respnseC．expsureD．advantage
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医护人员由于与被感染的病人接触而有感染传染病的危险。A. guidance指导；B. respnse反应，回复；C. expsure接触；D.advantage优势。医疗工作人员和感染的病人是频繁接触的，并且因此面临感染的风险。故选C项。
70．（23-24高三下·天津南开·开学考试）Men must cnsider eating, drinking, clthing and finding shelter befre they can pursue entertainment and .
A．ptentialB．recreatinC．justiceD．interventin
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人在追求娱乐和消遣之前，必须先考虑吃、喝、穿和住的地方。A. ptential潜能；B. recreatin消遣；C. justice公平；D. interventin介入。根据上文“entertainment and”可知，指追求娱乐和消遣。故选B。
阅读理解
Passage 1
Experiments n rats shw that mixing energy drinks with alchl can cause lng-term prblems with cgnitive (认知的) functin, adding t cncerns ver yung adults drinking habits.
The study was carried ut by a team frm the University f Cagliari, and grups f male adlescent rats being given alchl, energy drinks, r a mixture f bth. Varius standard experiments were then used t assess cgnitive functin - including brain scans and behaviral tests - up t 53 days after drinking.
These tests revealed that the animals cnsuming the mixed drinks shwed enduring changes in their ability t learn and remember and changes in the hippcampus (海马体) - a part f the brain respnsible fr learning and memry.
Alchl and energy drinks are ppular with yung peple fr varius reasns, and the effects frm this study are that these habits culd cause sme lng-term harm. In particular, it seems that hippcampus plasticity culd be affected, damaging the brain’s ability t adapt and change in respnse t new infrmatin and demands.
While the rats n alchl and energy drinks initially shwed a bst in certain brain functins. these benefits didn’t last, and ver time and int adulthd there was a decline in brain capability.
The results shw that alchl mixed with energy drinks cnsumptin during the preadleseent perid prduces adaptive hippcampal changes at the electrphysilgical and mlecular levels. assciated with changes in behavir, which are already detectable during adlescence and persist in adulthd.
These results still need t be cnfirmed in human studies, and there’re likely differences between sexes due t hrmne interactins that weren’t explred in this study. But health cncerns ver energy drinks are justified. Alchl has plenty f effects in health, and it’s well-knwn that mixing the tw tgether in any kind f significant way isn’t the best idea.
Overall, the analysis f the whle set f data btained suggests that alchl mixed with energy drinks, during adlescence, may have results that are nt necessarily the sum f thse bserved with alchl r energy drinks alne and permanently affect hippcampal plasticity.
1．Hw was the study carried ut?
A．By bserving rats’ varius behavirs n the spt.
B．By cmparing rats’ reactins n different ccasins.
C．By cllecting previus data f rats f different kinds
D．By measuring the cgnitive influences n the tested rats.
2．What des the underlined wrd “enduring” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Minr.B．Instant.C．Lasting.D．Unnticeable
3．What can we learn frm the study?
A．Mixed drinks initially d great damage t rats’ brains.
B．Great sex differences have been detected in rats s far.
C．Human subjects have nt been invlved in the prcess
D．The hippcampal and behaviral changes dn’t last lng.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Adlescent Rats Experimented, Great Cncerns Arused
B．Mre Energy Drinks Cnsumed, Mre Health Effects Nted
C．Healthy Diet Habits Adpted, Behaviral Patterns Imprved
D．Energy Drinks Mixed with Alchl, Brain Functins Affected
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项关于将能量饮料与酒精混合饮用对青春期大鼠认知能力长期影响的研究。研究发现，这种混合饮品会导致大鼠在学习和记忆能力方面出现持久性改变，特别是影响海马体的可塑性，进而损害大脑适应新信息和需求的能力。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Varius standard experiments were then used t assess cgnitive functin - including brain scans and behaviral tests - up t 53 days after drinking. (然后用各种标准实验来评估饮酒后53天的认知功能，包括脑部扫描和行为测试。)”可知，研究是通过测量对被试大鼠的认知影响来进行的，故选D。
2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Alchl and energy drinks are ppular with yung peple fr varius reasns, and the effects frm this study are that these habits culd cause sme lng-term harm. (由于各种原因，酒精和能量饮料在年轻人中很受欢迎，这项研究的结果是，这些习惯可能会造成一些长期危害。)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这些测试表明，喝了混合饮料的动物在学习和记忆能力以及海马体（大脑中负责学习和记忆的部分）的变化方面表现出持久的变化”，划线词enduring的意思是“持久的”，和lasting意思相近，故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“These results still need t be cnfirmed in human studies, and there're likely differences between sexes due t hrmne interactins that weren't explred in this study. (这些结果仍需要在人类研究中得到证实，而且由于激素的相互作用，两性之间可能存在差异，而这项研究并未探索这些差异。)”可知，我们能从这项研究中了解到人类实验对象尚未参与这一过程。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“These tests revealed that the animals cnsuming the mixed drinks shwed enduring changes in their ability t learn and remember and changes in the hippcampus (海马体) - a part f the brain respnsible fr learning and memry. (这些测试表明，喝了混合饮料的动物在学习和记忆能力以及海马体（大脑中负责学习和记忆的部分）的变化方面表现出持久的变化。)”和第四段“Alchl and energy drinks are ppular with yung peple fr varius reasns, and the effects frm this study are that these habits culd cause sme lng-term harm. In particular, it seems that hippcampus plasticity culd be affected, damaging the brain’s ability t adapt and change in respnse t new infrmatin and demands. (由于各种原因，酒精和能量饮料在年轻人中很受欢迎，这项研究的结果是，这些习惯可能会造成一些长期危害。特别是，海马体的可塑性似乎会受到影响，损害大脑适应和改变新信息和需求的能力。)”可知，本文主要讲的是一项关于将能量饮料与酒精混合饮用对青春期大鼠认知能力长期影响的研究，研究发现，这种混合饮品会导致大鼠在学习和记忆能力方面出现持久性改变，特别是影响海马体的可塑性，进而损害大脑适应新信息和需求的能力，因此最好的题目是D选项“Energy Drinks Mixed with Alchl, Brain Functins Affected (混合酒精的能量饮料影响大脑功能)”。故选D。
Passage 2
As mre and mre species near extinctin, scientists have been cllecting samples frm animals, plants and ther creatures and string them in bibanks acrss the glbe. But climate change, envirnmental disasters and wars threaten these mdern Nah’s arks. Nw, a team f researchers is brainstrming an ut-f-this-wrld slutin: building ne f these vaults (库) n the mn.
A bibank in a permanently shadwed regin at the mn’s suth ple culd be far mre stable than thse n Earth. This part f the mn usually remains arund -196° Celsius, perfect fr string mst animal cells lng-term, marine bilgist Mary Hagedrn and clleagues reprt in BiScience.
Hagedrn and clleagues drew inspiratin frm the Svalbard Glbal Seed Vault in Nrway which takes advantage f belw-zer Arctic temperatures t preserve millins f seeds frm arund the wrld. In 2017, melting (融化) frzen sil threatened t fld the vault, highlighting the need fr a backup plan. A different team has prpsed building a lunar ark in lava (熔岩) tubes that run beneath the mn’s surface. But that design requires a slar-pwered cling system; any lss f pwer and the samples wuld be destryed. In the mn’s frever-frzen shadwed regins, a lunar vault wuldn’t need energy r cnstant human maintenance, Hagedrn’s team says.
Given the shadwy suth ple’s lw temperatures, Hagedrn says, a vault there culd stre “ne f the mst pwerful cells that we have tday” — fibrblasts. Scientists can transfrm these animal cells int stem cells, “and then thse stem cells can be used fr clning,” she says. The cells culd be valuable fr regenerating ppulatins f threatened r extinct species and fr building ecsystems in future human settlements n the mn r Mars.
The prpsal has its share f barriers. Fr instance, the mn’s permanently dark regins aren’t free frm temperature swings, says lunar scientist Benjamin Greenhagen f the Jhns Hpkins University. “They are still cld but perhaps nt always cld enugh fr this prject withut sme level f temperature management.”
1．Why is the mn an ideal place fr the bibank?
A．It’s nt affected by wars.B．It’s nt envirnmentally plluted.
C．It has prper temperatures.D．It has rich resurces fr research.
2．What led t Hagedrn’s prpsal f a lunar bibank?
A．The slar-pwered cling system.B．The lava tubes n the mn’s surface.
C．The prblem facing the Nrway Vault.D．The discvery f ice n the lunar ple.
3．What can scientists use fibrblasts t d?
A．Frm stem cells fr clning.B．Explre mn sil cnditins.
C．Help land humans n the mn.D．Imprve the ec-system f the earth.
4．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Lunar Explratin: The Next Frntier fr Clning
B．Relieving Climate Change: The Mn Bibank Prject
C．The Mn as a Backup: A New Slutin fr Seed Strage
D．Building Bibanks n the Mn: A Prpsal t Save Bidiversity
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述随着气候变化和人类活动对地球的威胁日益加剧，科学家们提议在月球上建立一个生物库，以保护地球上濒危物种。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This part f the mn usually remains arund -196° Celsius, perfect fr string mst animal cells lng-term(月球的这一部分通常保持在零下196摄氏度左右，非常适合长期储存大多数动物细胞)”可知，月球温度适宜，是建立生物库的理想之地，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Hagedrn and clleagues drew inspiratin frm the Svalbard Glbal Seed Vault in Nrway which takes advantage f belw-zer Arctic temperatures t preserve millins f seeds frm arund the wrld. In 2017, melting (融化) frzen sil threatened t fld the vault, highlighting the need fr a backup plan.(Hagedrn和他的同事们从挪威的斯瓦尔巴全球种子库获得了灵感，该种子库利用北极零下的温度保存了来自世界各地的数百万颗种子。2017年，融化的冻土有可能淹没了种子库，这凸显了后备计划的必要性)”可知，挪威的斯瓦尔巴全球种子库面临的问题致使Hagedrn提出建立一个月球生物库，故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Given the shadwy suth ple’s lw temperatures, Hagedrn says, a vault there culd stre “ne f the mst pwerful cells that we have tday” — fibrblasts. Scientists can transfrm these animal cells int stem cells, “and then thse stem cells can be used fr clning,” she says.(Hagedrn说，鉴于南极阴暗地区的低温，那里的一个储藏室可以储存“我们今天拥有的最强大的细胞之一”——成纤维细胞。科学家们可以将这些动物细胞转化为干细胞，“然后这些干细胞可以用于克隆，”她说。)”可知，成纤维细胞可以转化为干细胞用于克隆，故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Nw, a team f researchers is brainstrming an ut-f-this-wrld slutin: building ne f these vaults (库) n the mn.(现在，一组研究人员正在集思广益，想出一个天外飞行的解决方案：在月球上建造一个这样的储藏库)”可知，文章主要讲述随着气候变化和人类活动对地球的威胁日益加剧，科学家们提议在月球上建立一个生物库，以保护地球上濒危物种。D项“在月球上建立生物库：拯救生物多样性的建议”为最佳标题，故选D。
Passage 3
Superhuman artificial intelligence has played a rle in ur life. When it cmes t playing games like chess, r slving difficult scientific challenges like predicting prtein structures, cmputers are well ahead f humans. But we have ne superpwer they aren’t clse t mastering: mind reading.
We are blessed with a mysterius ability t reasn the gals, desires and beliefs f thers, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate ther peple’s actins and the cnsequences f ur wn. If AIs are t becme truly useful in everyday life — t cperate effectively with us r t understand that a child might run int the rad after a buncing ball — we have t give them this gift that evlutin has given us t read ther peple’s minds.
In psychlgy, the ability t infer anther’s mental state is referred t as thery f mind. In humans, this capacity develps at a very yung age. Hw t reprduce the capability in machines is far frm clear, thugh. One f the main challenges is cntext. Fr instance, if smene asks whether yu are ging fr a run and yu reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly cnclude the answer is n. But this requires huge amunts f backgrund knwledge abut running, weather and human preferences.
Besides, whether humans r AI, the thery f mind is suppsed t emerge naturally frm ne’s wn learning prcess. Building prir knwledge int AI makes it reliant n ur imperfect understanding f thery f mind. In additin, AI may be capable f develping appraches we culd never imagine. There can be many frms f thery f mind that we dn’t knw abut simply because we live in a human bdy that has certain types f senses and a certain ability t think.
But we might still want AI t have a mre human-like frm f thery f mind. Humans can clearly explain their gals t each ther using cmmn language and ideas. While letting AI frm the thery f mind in their learning prcess is likely t lead t develping mre pwerful AI, plainly building in shared ways t represent knwledge may be crucial fr humans t trust and cmmunicate with AI.
It is imprtant t remember, thugh, that the pursuit f machines with thery f mind is abut mre than just building mre useful rbts. It is als a stepping stne n the path twards a deeper gal fr AI and rbtics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains t be seen.But alng the way thinking abut ther peple and ther agents, we are n the path t learning t think abut urselves.
1．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing cntexts can AI understand well?
A．When asked where an bject is, a naughty kid pints in the wrng directin.
B．When a teacher asks fr a by’s hmewrk, he answers “my dg ate it”.
C．When yu are treated with a htpt fr dinner, yu reply “a sre thrat”.
D．When a mm tells her kid milk is gd fr health, the kid drinks it up.
2．Which statement will the authr agree with mst abut AI’s thery f mind?
A．AI has already mastered the ability t read human minds.
B．The develpment f AI’s thery f mind heavily relies n human’s understanding f it.
C．AI’s thery f mind can appear naturally withut any human interventin.
D．AI’s thery f mind is superir t human’s in all frms.
3．What is the authr’s attitude tward truly self-aware machines?
A．Ambiguus.B．Cnservative.C．Skeptical.D．Apprving.
4．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．AI’s Thery f Mind Will Define Our Future
B．AI with Its Own Thery f Mind Is Expected
C．AI’s Thery f Mind — a Blessing r Suffering t Humans
D．Thery f Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI具备理论心智能力的挑战与发展。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段的“We are blessed with a mysterius ability t reasn the gals, desires and beliefs f thers, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate ther peple’s actins and the cnsequences f ur wn. If AIs are t becme truly useful in everyday life — t cperate effectively with us r t understand that a child might run int the rad after a buncing ball — we have t give them this gift that evlutin has given us t read ther peple’s minds.(我们拥有着一种神秘的能力，能够推断他人的目标、愿望和信念，这是一种至关重要的技能，意味着我们可以预判他人的行为以及自己行为的后果。如果AI要在日常生活中真正发挥作用——有效地与我们合作，或者理解到一个孩子可能会追着弹跳的球跑上马路——我们必须赋予它们这种进化赋予我们的能力：解读他人的心思。)”可知，AI不具备人类推理出他人的目标、欲望和信念的能力，无法解读人类的心思。由此可推知，“当妈妈告诉孩子牛奶对健康有益时，孩子就把它喝光了”不涉及推理，AI可以轻松理解。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“In humans, this capacity starts t develp at a very yung age. Hw t reprduce the capability in machines is far frm clear, thugh. One f the main challenges is cntext. (心理学家将推断他人精神状态的能力称为心理理论。在人类中，这种能力在很小的时候就开始发展。然而，如何在机器中复制这种能力还远不清楚。主要挑战之一是语境问题)”和第四段的“Building prir knwledge int AI makes it reliant n ur imperfect understanding f thery f mind. In additin, AI may be capable f develping appraches we culd never imagine. There can be many frms f thery f mind that we dn’t knw abut simply because we live in a human bdy that has certain types f senses and a certain ability t think.(将先验知识构建到人工智能中，使其依赖于我们对心理理论的不完美理解。此外，人工智能可能能够开发出我们永远无法想象的方法。我们可能不知道许多形式的心理理论，仅仅是因为我们生活在一个具有某些类型的感官和某种思考能力的人体中)”可知，人类在一定程度上限制了AI的思维理论，作者最有可能同意“人工智能心理理论的发展在很大程度上依赖于人类对心理理论的理解”这个观点。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“But we might still want AI t have a mre human-like frm f thery f mind.(但我们可能仍然希望人工智能有一种更像人类的心理理论形式)”以及最后一段的“It is als a stepping stne n the path twards a deeper gal fr AI and rbtics research:building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains t be seen.But alng the way thinking abut ther peple and ther agents, we are n the path t learning t think abut urselves.(这也是通往AI和机器人研究更深层次目标的垫脚石：构建真正具有自我意识的机器。我们是否能够最终实现这一目标还有待观察。但在这一过程中，思考其他人和其他代理，实际上我们在学习如何更好地认识自己)”可推知，作者支持开发具有心智理论的AI，期待建造真正有自我意识的机器。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Superhuman artificial intelligence has played a rle in ur life. When it cmes t playing games like chess, r slving difficult scientific challenges like predicting prtein structures, cmputers are well ahead f humans. But we have ne superpwer they aren’t clse t mastering: mind reading.(超人类的人工智能已经在我们的生活中发挥了作用。当涉及到下象棋这样的游戏，或是解决预测蛋白质结构等复杂的科学难题时，计算机已经远远领先于人类。但是，我们拥有一种它们还远未掌握的超能力：读心术)”以及最后一段的“It is als a stepping stne n the path twards a deeper gal fr AI and rbtics research:building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains t be seen.But alng the way thinking abut ther peple and ther agents, we are n the path t learning t think abut urselves.(这同时也是通往AI和机器人研究更深层次目标的一步：构建真正具有自我意识的机器。我们是否能够最终达到这一目标还有待观察。但在这一过程中，通过思考其他人和其他代理，我们也在学习如何更好地认识自己)”可知，文章主要探讨了超人人工智能虽在特定任务上超越人类，但在理解他人意图方面仍显不足，强调了为AI赋予类似人类的“心智理论”能力的重要性及其挑战。所以“人工智能有望拥有自己的心智理论”适合作本文的标题。故选B。
完形填空
Passage 1
（2024·天津卷）
Humans have evlved (进化) t spend lng perids ding physical exercise. But why desn’t everyne enjy exercising? The cmplexity f the human brain is t blame.
Evlving an ability desn’t autmatically mean we’ll want t use it. While physical exercise isn’t that bad, it’s still typically unpleasant. It has t be: yu’re pushing yur bdy t its physical limits, which leads t significant discmfrt.
Anther issue is that the human brain is highly sensitive t wasted effrt. Studies have shwn that it calculates the effrt required fr actins and tends t stp us frm squandering vital resurces n fruitless effrts, like walking ver 30 km fr a handful f berries.
The thing is, regular exercise t get “in shape” requires cnstant and cnsiderable effrt — all fr gradual prgress and uncertain rewards. S, yur brain’s tendency t ask, “Is it wrth it? ” will be hard t quieten. This particular feature als means we typically prefer things which ffer minimum effrt fr maximum reward.
Thankfully, the human brain is a cmplex rgan. It isn’t ruled by its mre primitive drives. While many species’ thught prcesses are limited t “Fd, eat it!”, “Danger, run!”, “Pain, avid!”, we’ve evlved beynd that. Our brains can frm multiple lng-term gals and ambitins. We can imagine a desirable future scenari (情况), figure ut hw we’d achieve it, and d just that. Or at least wrk tward it. This directly impacts hw ur brain prcesses mtivatin and willpwer. It makes us capable f delayed gratificatin (满足): we can recgnize that rejecting a reward nw can lead t a greater reward later, and act accrdingly.
S hw des the brain prcess mtivatin? The self-discrepancy (自我差异) thery suggests we have several “selves” active in ur minds at any given time: ur “actual” self, ur “ideal” self, and ur “ught” self. Yur “actual” self is hw yu are right nw. Yur “ideal” self is what yu want t be. And yur “ught” self is the self that des what yu ught t be ding t becme yur “ideal” self. S, if yur “ideal” self is a prfessinal ftballer, and yur “actual” self isn’t, yur “ught” self is the ne that spends a lt f time training, exercising, and getting better at ftball.
As far as yur brain is cncerned, there are prcesses that discurage exercise, and prcesses that encurage it. Ideally, yu’ll end up putting mre weight n the latter than the frmer.
1．What can be learnt frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．Sme peple are brn physically weaker than thers.
B．Sme peple dislike driving themselves t hard physically.
C．Mst peple have the habit f ding physical exercise.
D．Mst peple d physical exercise fr cmfrt and pleasure.
2．Which is clsest in meaning t the underlined wrd “squandering” in Paragraph 3?
A．Cnserving.B．Mixing.C．Misusing.D．Sharing.
3．What is the authr’s purpse in writing Paragraph 4?
A．T raise a questin.B．T prvide a definitin.
C．T make a cmparisn.D．T further explain a pint.
4．Accrding t the authr, hw are humans different frm many ther species?
A．Humans are able t picture a favrable future.
B．Humans benefit mre frm painful experiences.
C．Humans care mre abut immediate rewards.
D．Humans are skilled at aviding dangers.
5．Accrding t the self-discrepancy thery, wh presents the mst active “ught” self?
A．A ftballer dreaming f becming a mvie star.
B．A student eating ptat chips while watching TV.
C．A prfessinal dancer perfrming at a theatre.
D．A swimmer training t win an Olympic medal.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了并非人人都喜欢体育锻炼的原因，指出这是因为人脑对无谓的努力很抵触且锻炼本身的回报不确定，不过大脑能形成长期目标、处理动机，我们能学会延时满足，为目标不懈努力。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But why desn’t everyne enjy exercising? (但是为什么不是每个人都喜欢锻炼呢？)”和第二段中“While physical exercise isn’t that bad, it’s still typically unpleasant. It has t be: yu’re pushing yur bdy t its physical limits, which leads t significant discmfrt. (虽然体育锻炼并没有那么糟糕，但它通常还是令人不愉快的。这是必然的：你正在把你的身体推向它的身体极限，这导致了明显的不适)”可知，有些人不喜欢锻炼是身体被迫达到体能极限时会感到明显不适。由此可知，有些人不喜欢对自己的身体施加太大的压力。故选B项。
2．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Anther issue is that the human brain is highly sensitive t wasted effrt. Studies have shwn that it calculates the effrt required fr actins (另一个问题是，人类的大脑对浪费精力非常敏感。研究表明，它可以计算出行动所需的努力)”可知，人脑对无谓的努力很抵触。由此可知，此处指“它会阻止我们将重要资源浪费在无效的努力上”，画线词意思应该是“浪费，滥用”，与Misusing意思相近。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。第三段中的“Anther issue is that the human brain is highly sensitive t wasted effrt. (另一个问题是，人类的大脑对浪费精力非常敏感)”指出人脑对无谓的努力很抵触，第四段“The thing is, regular exercise t get “in shape” requires cnstant and cnsiderable effrt — all fr gradual prgress and uncertain rewards. S, yur brain’s tendency t ask, “Is it wrth it? ” will be hard t quieten. This particular feature als means we typically prefer things which ffer minimum effrt fr maximum reward (问题是，有规律的锻炼来保持“身材”需要持续和相当大的努力——所有这些都是渐进的，回报是不确定的。所以，你的大脑问“这值得吗？”问题的倾向将很难平息。这个特殊的特征也意味着我们通常更喜欢那些付出最少努力却获得最大回报的东西)”用规律锻炼以保持身材的例子具体说明人脑的这种工作机制。由此可知，作者写第四段的目的是进一步解释上文的观点。故选D项。
4．细节理解题。根据第五段中“While many species’ thught prcesses are limited t “Fd, eat it!”, “Danger, run!”, “Pain, avid!”, we’ve evlved beynd that. Our brains can frm multiple lng-term gals and ambitins. We can imagine a desirable future scenari (情况), figure ut hw we’d achieve it, and d just that. (虽然许多物种的思维过程仅限于“食物，吃它！”、“危险，快跑！”、“痛苦，躲避！”，我们已经超越了这一点。我们的大脑可以形成多个长期目标和抱负。我们可以想象一个理想的未来场景，弄清楚我们如何实现它，然后去做)”可知，人类与许多其他物种的不同之处在于，人类能够想象一个美好的未来。故选A项。
5．推理判断题。根据第六段中“And yur “ught” self is the self that des what yu ught t be ding t becme yur “ideal” self. S, if yur “ideal” self is a prfessinal ftballer, and yur “actual” self isn’t, yur “ught” self is the ne that spends a lt f time training, exercising, and getting better at ftball. (你的“应该”自我就是做你应该做的事情来成为你的“理想”自我的那个自我。所以，如果你的“理想”自我是一名职业足球运动员，而你的“实际”自我不是，那么你的“应该”自我就是花大量时间训练、锻炼，并在足球方面做得更好的那个人)”可知，“自我差异”理论认为“应该”自我会使人为奋斗目标持续努力。由此可知，为赢得奥运奖牌而训练的游泳运动员表现出最活跃的“应该”自我。故选D项。
Passage 2
（2024年1月浙江高考真题）The Stanfrd marshmallw (棉花糖) test was riginally cnducted by psychlgist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged fur t six at a nursery schl were placed in a rm. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed n a table. Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat, they wuld be given a secnd treat. Then they were left alne in the rm. Fllw-up studies with the children later in life shwed a cnnect in between an ability t wait lng enugh t btain a secnd treat and varius frms f success.
As adults we face a versin f the marshmallw test every day. We’ re nt tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by ur cmputers, phnes, and tablets — all the devices that cnnect us t the glbal delivery system fr varius types f infrmatin that d t us what marshmallws d t preschlers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because ur ancestrs lived in a calrie-pr wrld, and ur brains develped a respnse mechanism t these treats that reflected their value — a feeling f reward and satisfactin. But as we’ve reshaped the wrld arund us, dramatically reducing the cst and effrt invlved in btaining calries, we still have the same brains we had thusands f years ag, and this mismatch is at the heart f why s many f us struggle t resist tempting fds that we knw we shuldn’t eat.
A similar prcess is at wrk in ur respnse t infrmatin. Our frmative envirnment as a species was infrmatin-pr, s ur brains develped a mechanism that prized new infrmatin. But glbal cnnectivity has greatly changed ur infrmatin envirnment. We are nw ceaselessly bmbarded (轰炸) with new infrmatin. Therefre, just as we need t be mre thughtful abut ur calric cnsumptin, we als need t be mre thughtful abut ur infrmatin cnsumptin, resisting the temptatin f the mental “junk fd” in rder t manage ur time mst effectively.
1．What did the children need t d t get a secnd treat in Mischel’s test?
A．Take an examinatin alne.B．Shw respect fr the researchers.
C．Share their treats with thers.D．Delay eating fr fifteen minutes.
2．Accrding t paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________.
A．the calrie-pr wrld and ur gd appetites
B．the shrtage f sugar and ur nutritinal needs
C．the rich fd supply and ur unchanged brains
D．the tempting fds and ur effrts t keep fit
3．What des the authr suggest readers d?
A．Absrb new infrmatin readily.B．Be selective infrmatin cnsumers.
C．Use diverse infrmatin surces.D．Prtect the infrmatin envirnment.
4．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Eat Less, Read MreB．The Bitter Truth abut Early Humans
C．The Later, the BetterD．The Marshmallw Test fr Grwnups
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”，文章对此进行了介绍。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat, they wuld be given a secnd treat.(每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励。)”可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But as we’ve reshaped the wrld arund us, dramatically reducing the cst and effrt invlved in btaining calries, we still have the same brains we had thusands f years ag, and this mismatch is at the heart f why s many f us struggle t resist tempting fds that we knw we shuldn’t eat.(但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。)”可知，根据第三段可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Therefre, just as we need t be mre thughtful abut ur calric cnsumptin, we als need t be mre thughtful abut ur infrmatin cnsumptin, resisting the temptatin f the mental “junk fd” in rder t manage ur time mst effectively.(因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。)”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“As adults we face a versin f the marshmallw test every day. We’ re nt tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by ur cmputers, phnes, and tablets — all the devices that cnnect us t the glbal delivery system fr varius types f infrmatin that d t us what marshmallws d t preschlers.(作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。)”可知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故选D。
Passage 3
（2022年6月浙江卷）
Many peple believe that wrking t the maximum is the secret t success, but research has fund that mderatin(适度) als gets results n the jb.
In a study led by Ellen Langer f Harvard University, researchers asked peple t translate sentences int a new a made-up language. Subjects wh practiced the language mderately befrehand made fewer errrs than thse wh practiced extensively r nt at all. High levels f knwledge can make peple t attached t traditinal ways f viewing prblems acrss fields the arts, sciences, and plitics. High cnscientiusness is related t lwer jb perfrmance, especially in simple jbs where it desn’t pay t be a perfectinist.
Hw lng we stay n the clck and hw we spend that time are under careful examinatin in many wrkplaces. The yung banker wh eats lunch at his desk is prbably seen as a g-getter, while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice. “Peple frm cultures that value relatinships mre than urs des are shcked by the thught f eating alne in frnt f a cmputer”, says Art Markman, a prfessr f psychlgy at the University f Texas, Austin. Scial interactin has been shwn t lift md(情绪) and get peple thinking in new directins and in ways that culd help imprve any pst-lunch effrt.
Markman als prmtes ff-task time. “Part f being a gd thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated t what yu are wrking n at the mment but give yu fresh ideas abut yur wrk,” he says. “Als, there is a lt f research shwing that a psitive md leads t higher levels f prductivity and creativity. S, when peple d things t increase their life satisfactin, they als make themselves mre effective at wrk.”
1．What des Ellen Langer’s study shw?
A．It is wrthwhile t be a perfectinistB．Translatin makes peple knwledgeable.
C．Simpler jbs require greater cautin.D．Mderate effrt prduces the best result.
2．The underlined wrd “g-getter” in paragraph 3 refers t smene Wh_______.
A．is gd at handling pressureB．wrks hard t becme successful
C．a has a natural talent fr his jb.D．gets n well with his c-wrkers
3．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．A gd thinker is able t inspire ther peple.
B．Experience unrelated t yur jb is useless.
C．A cheerful md helps make a creative mind.
D．Fcusing n what yu d raises prductivity.
4．What des the text seem t advcate?
A．Middle-f-the-rad wrk habits.B．Balance between wrk and family.
C．Lng-standing cultural traditins.D．Harmny in the wrk envirnment.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。所以要适度工作，工作时要有积极的情绪，这会让自己在工作中更有效率。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Many peple believe that wrking t the maximum is the secret t success, but research has fund that mderatin(适度) als gets results n the jb.(许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。)”和第二段中“In a study led by Ellen Langer f Harvard University, researchers asked peple t translate sentences int a new a made-up language. Subjects wh practiced the language mderately befrehand made fewer errrs than thse wh practiced extensively r nt at all.(在哈佛大学Ellen Langer领导的一项研究中，研究人员要求人们将句子翻译成一种新的虚构的语言。那些事先适度练习这门语言的受试者比那些全力练习或根本不练习的受试者犯的错误要少。)”可知，第一段提出主题，即适度的工作也会带来成果，接着第二段作者用Ellen Langer的研究来证明这一点，由此可推知，Ellen Langer的研究表明适度的努力会产生最好的结果。故选D。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice.(而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即被认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，划线单词g-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Als, there is a lt f research shwing that a psitive md leads t higher levels f prductivity and creativity.(此外，许多研究表明，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力。 )”可知，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力，由此可推知，愉快的心情有助于创造性思维。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“but research has fund that mderatin(适度) als gets results n the jb.(但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果)”和第二段中“High cnscientiusness is related t lwer jb perfrmance, especially in simple jbs where it desn’t pay t be a perfectinist.(高尽责性与低工作表现有关，尤其是在简单的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)”可知，文章主要介绍研究表明适度的工作也会带来成果，所以文章提倡适度工作，即中庸的工作习惯。故选A。