高考英语二轮-阅读理解七选五（讲义）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解七选五（讲义）（教师版），共19页。学案主要包含了段首句3，段中句8，段尾句13等内容，欢迎下载使用。
\l "_Tc17226" 01考情透视·目标导航1
02 \l "_Tc18151" 思维导图·知识引航2
\l "_Tc25540" 03考点突破·考向探究3
\l "_Tc20799" 考点一 段首句3
【 \l "_Tc19212" 真题研析】3
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 5
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】7
\l "_Tc29041" 考点二 段中句8
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】8
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 11
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】12
\l "_Tc29041" 考点三 段尾句13
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】14
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 14
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...15
01
考情透视･目标导航
阅读理解七选五
02
思维导图･知识导航
考点一 考查段首句
（2024年北京卷）___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track recrds f thse flks n the Sunday talk shws wh make predictins abut what will happen. He has fund that hedgehgs are nt nly wrng mre ften than fxes, but that they are less likely t recgnise r admit that they are wrng when events d nt match their predictins.
A. In ther wrds, there are clear advantages fr each.
B. They are mre likely t remember peple’s mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage f clarity and cnfidence.
D. But there can be a dwnside t cncentratin n ne big thing.
E. Hwever, hedgehgs remain pen t thers’ reactins and inputs.
F. When smething is cntradictry t their view, they dn’t treat it as exceptinal.
G. They cme dwn squarely n ne side r the ther and fully supprt their psitin.
【答案】 37. D
【解析】
根据下文“He has fund that hedgehgs are nt nly wrng mre ften than fxes, but that they are less likely t recgnise r admit that they are wrng when events d nt match their predictins. (他发现，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时他们不太可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了)”可知，此处介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点。D项“但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面” 引出下文，介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备缺点，符合语境。故选D。
（2023北京卷） 19 Nevertheless, nt much will change until schls with high-quality teaching are rewarded with mre resurces, higher rankings and increased enrlments. In the lng term, universities, rganisatins that rank schls, and thers shuld wrk t make teaching a valued, cre part f the missin.
What shuld students and their families d? They shuld give strng cnsideratin t universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even thugh the schls may be ranked lwer.
A．Higher educatin has achieved its true ptential.
B．Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.
C．Quality teaching has been an imprtant reputatin-building factr.
D．Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.
E．Effrts t imprve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F．They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.
G．In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.
【答案】 19．E
19．根据下文内容“Nevertheless, nt much will change until schls with high-quality teaching are rewarded with mre resurces, higher rankings and increased enrlments. In the lng term, universities, rganisatins that rank schls, and thers shuld wrk t make teaching a valued, cre part f the missin.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，此处算是站在大学的角度，提出如何把教学当成他们的首要核心任务。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项E“Effrts t imprve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.(在最近，努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。)”与下文形成转折，旨在说明，促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。故选E。
（2022·北京·高考真题）
16 We need t be fit t have a healthy bdy. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted twards maintaining the fitness f ur bdy. Health is the state f ur bdy at a given time. We may nt have any disease but still have a weak bdy, which is ready t be targeted by viruses. 17 This des nt definitely mean that we are nt healthy. It means the fitness level is nt in accrdance with ur age and the climatic cnditins we live in.
A．Fitness levels decide the quality f life.
B．Health and fitness are interrelated t each ther.
C．It als helps in keeping us calm and relaxes ur mind.
D．Fr instance, we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily.
E．If we keep ur bdy fit, we can enjy life in a better manner.
F．There are sme activities which everyne shuld d in ur life.
G．This makes ur bdy suffer and we will catch ther diseases.
【答案】 16．B 根据空后“We need t be fit t have a healthy bdy. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted twards maintaining the fitness f ur bdy.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated t each ther.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。
段首句的解题技巧
段落标题句：1.观察其他段落标题的表达形式；2.段落标题句的特点：短小且语言精炼，以祈使句或短句为主；3.阅读段落内容，提炼中心句，留意体现主旨的原词、同源词、同义词、近义词或反义词。
段落主题句：阅读段落内容，提炼段落中心词、高频词和中心词的近义词，进而推断主题句。
段落间的过渡句：瞻前顾后找提示，正确答案应该连贯上一段结尾和下一段内容。
Experienced negtiatrs knw that thse wh ask fr mre, get mre. 1 It wrks in any imprtant cmmunicatin pprtunity, such as asking fr help r getting apprval frm yur senir leadership n an imprtant prject. Researchers have prven that knwing what yu want increases the chances yu get it. If yu’re explaining a situatin t smene, it may be the first time they’ve thught abut it. 2 Then yur asking acts as a base fr their final decisin.
Being clear abut what yu want als makes yu lk mre reliable. Decisin makers generally dn’t like peple bringing prblems withut a slutin. They may nt agree with the slutin, but they will appreciate that yu’ve thught abut it. In fact, figuring ut what t recmmend will frce yu t think deeply and clearly abut the situatin, which will imprve the quality f the end prduct. 3
Asking fr what yu want may feel pushy, but it actually puts the ther persn at ease. Being clear up frnt abut yur ask respects the relatinship by reducing tensin. 4 Yu knw they want smething but they dn’t get right t the pint, s yu feel mre and mre uncmfrtable as they beat arund the bush, because yu’ re wndering where they’ re ging with it.
5 But if yu were ging t end up with a n anyway, it’s better t lse early than late. Besides saving time, it may avid an extended debate which makes the ther persn stick even mre t their wn psitin.
A．But it’s nt limited t negtiatin situatins.
B．Yu d run the risk f getting a quick rejectin.
C．We have a tendency t verestimate the chance f rejectin.
D．And this is the best final driver f yur persnal trustwrthiness.
E．Think f the times that smene has apprached yu fr a request.
F．Mst cmmunicatin situatins benefit frm being direct in yur ask.
G．There is a gd chance that they will be slightly uncertain abut what t d.
【答案】1．A 2．G 3．D 4．E 5．B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】日常生活 、科普知识
【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要论述了明确自己需求并勇于提出的重要性，不仅限于谈判场合，在任何重要的沟通机会中都适用，如寻求帮助或获得高层领导对重要项目的批准。
1．根据前文“Experienced negtiatrs knw that thse wh ask fr mre, get mre.(经验丰富的谈判者知道，要求更多的人，得到的也会更多)”以及后文“It wrks in any imprtant cmmunicatin pprtunity, such as asking fr help r getting apprval frm yur senir leadership n an imprtant prject.(它适用于任何重要的沟通机会，比如在一个重要项目上寻求帮助或获得高层领导的批准)”可知，前文讲述谈判技巧，后文讲述适用于任何重要的沟通机会，所以A项“But it’s nt limited t negtiatin situatins.(但这并不局限于谈判场合)”和上文构成转折关系，并引出下文，符合文意。故选A项。
2．根据前文“If yu’re explaining a situatin t smene, it may be the first time they’ve thught abut it.(如果你正在向某人解释一种情况，这可能是他们第一次想到它)”以及后文“Then yur asking acts as a base fr their final decisin.(然后你的请求作为他们最终决定的基础)”可知，上文提到别人可能是第一次想到，后文提到你的请求为他们做决定提供了基础，故空处是说他们不知如何做决定的情况，所以G项“There is a gd chance that they will be slightly uncertain abut what t d.(他们很有可能会有点不确定该怎么做)”承接上文，和下文构成顺承关系。故选G项。
3．设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Being clear abut what yu want als makes yu lk mre reliable. Decisin makers generally dn’t like peple bringing prblems withut a slutin. They may nt agree with the slutin, but they will appreciate that yu’ve thught abut it. In fact, figuring ut what t recmmend will frce yu t think deeply and clearly abut the situatin, which will imprve the quality f the end prduct.(明确你想要什么也会让你看起来更可靠。决策者通常不喜欢人们提出没有解决方案的问题。他们可能不同意这个解决方案，但他们会感谢你的考虑。事实上，弄清楚要推荐什么会迫使你深入而清晰地思考情况，这将提高最终产品的质量)”可知，本段讲述明确你想要什么也会让你看起来更可靠，所以D项“And this is the best final driver f yur persnal trustwrthiness.(这是你个人可信度最好的最终驱动因素)”和首句相呼应，对前文的总结。故选D项。
4．根据前文“Asking fr what yu want may feel pushy, but it actually puts the ther persn at ease. Being clear up frnt abut yur ask respects the relatinship by reducing tensin.(要求你想要的东西可能会让人觉得咄咄逼人，但这实际上会让对方放松。事先明确你的要求可以通过减少紧张来尊重你们的关系)”以及后文“Yu knw they want smething but they dn’t get right t the pint, s yu feel mre and mre uncmfrtable as they beat arund the bush, because yu’re wndering where they’re ging with it.(你知道他们想要什么东西，但他们没有说到点子上，所以当他们拐弯抹角时，你会感到越来越不舒服，因为你不知道他们会怎么做)”可知，前文讲述要求你想要的东西会让对方放松，后文讲述自己的感受，所以空处应是过渡句，E项“Think f the times that smene has apprached yu fr a request.(想想那些有人向你提出要求的时候)”符合文意，引出下文。故选E项。
5．空处和下文是转折关系，根据下文“But if yu were ging t end up with a n anyway, it’s better t lse early than late. Besides saving time, it may avid an extended debate which makes the ther persn stick even mre t their wn psitin.(但如果你最终的结果是否定的，早输总比晚输好。除了节省时间，它可以避免长时间的辩论，使对方更加坚持自己的立场)”可知，下文是说好处，故B项“Yu d run the risk f getting a quick rejectin.(你确实有被迅速拒绝的风险)”符合文意。故选B项。
考点二 考查段中句
（2024年北京卷）Is there a clear advantage f ne style ver the ther? Hedgehg thinkers tend t answer yes. ___35___ And they are usually very credible in ding s. Accrding t Jim Hart, the “hedgehg cncept” is ne f the factrs that lead cmpanies t greatness. They fcus n ne thing and d it really well. They figure ut what they are gd at. ___36___ The hedgehg cncept makes perfect sense fr cmpanies.
The advantage that. fxes have is that they are mre likely t seek ut new infrmatin frm a brader range f surces, and are cmfrtable with uncertainty and new infrmatin. ___38___ They try t include it in their viewpint rather than t exclude it frm their thinking. They als have a clearer estimatin f what they knw and dn’t knw.
S, which is better? The questin can be answered in a fxy hedgehg style. ___39___ The chice between being a hedgehg r a fx is a false trade-ff. The mst effective way t g thrugh life is t try t be that rare mixture knwn as fxy hedgehg.
A. In ther wrds, there are clear advantages fr each.
B. They are mre likely t remember peple’s mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage f clarity and cnfidence.
D. But there can be a dwnside t cncentratin n ne big thing.
E. Hwever, hedgehgs remain pen t thers’ reactins and inputs.
F. When smething is cntradictry t their view, they dn’t treat it as exceptinal.
G. They cme dwn squarely n ne side r the ther and fully supprt their psitin.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. F 39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。
【36题详解】
根据上文“They fcus n ne thing and d it really well. They figure ut what they are gd at. (他们专注于一件事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项“因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信”进一步说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
【38题详解】
根据上文“The advantage that fxes have is that they are mre likely t seek ut new infrmatin frm a brader range f surces, and are cmfrtable with uncertainty and new infrmatin. (“狐狸”型思维方式的人的优势在于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适)”和下文“They try t include it in their viewpint rather than t exclude it frm their thinking. (他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不是将其排除在自己的思维之外)”可知，此处介绍拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F项“当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
【39题详解】
根据上文“The questin can be answered in a fxy hedgehg style. (这个问题可以用“像狐狸的刺猬”风格来回答)”和下文“The chice between being a hedgehg r a fx is a false trade-ff. (成为拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人还是拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人和拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人各有优势。A项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。
（2023北京卷）……
Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities. 17 The absence f teaching excellence frm the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is ne f the mst imprtant predictrs f a wide range f cllege utcmes.
Rankings, hwever, are nly ne reasn why a lw value is placed n teaching in higher educatin. Administratrs ften dn’t view teaching excellence as a way t increase enrlment (注册) r funding. 18 Research shws that the mre time instructrs spend n teaching, the lwer their salary. What is the result? Many instructrs cntinue t teach using traditinal lectures, which lead t lwer success rates.
A．Higher educatin has achieved its true ptential.
B．Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.
C．Quality teaching has been an imprtant reputatin-building factr.
D．Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.
E．Effrts t imprve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F．They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.
G．In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.
【答案】 17．G 18．B
17．空前内容“Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence f teaching excellence frm the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is ne f the mst imprtant predictrs f a wide range f cllege utcmes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。
18．根据空前内容“Rankings, hwever, are nly ne reasn why a lw value is placed n teaching in higher educatin. Administratrs ften dn’t view teaching excellence as a way t increase enrlment (注册) r funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。
（2022·北京·高考真题）Health and fitness help a persn live a gd and healthy life. Often due t varius pressures, we tend t ignre ur health. 15 It is the fitness level f ur bdy that helps us fight these diseases.
It is imprtant fr everyne t devte sme time t health and fitness. 18 Fr instance, we must exercise daily regardless f ur age and wrking style. There are different levels f exercises fr different age grups and we must d them accrding t ur wn health and age.
Additinally, it is imprtant t relax ur bdy. We shuld have at least six t eight hurs f sleep every day. It helps in imprving ur immune (免疫) system and prtects us against diseases. 19 This, in turn, gives us new gals f health and fitness.
A．Fitness levels decide the quality f life.
B．Health and fitness are interrelated t each ther.
C．It als helps in keeping us calm and relaxes ur mind.
D．Fr instance, we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily.
E．If we keep ur bdy fit, we can enjy life in a better manner.
F．There are sme activities which everyne shuld d in ur life.
G．This makes ur bdy suffer and we will catch ther diseases.
【答案】15．G 18．F 19．C
15．根据空前“Health and fitness help a persn live a gd and healthy life. Often due t varius pressures, we tend t ignre ur health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level f ur bdy that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This makes ur bdy suffer and we will catch ther diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的ther diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。
18．根据空前“It is imprtant fr everyne t devte sme time t health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“Fr instance, we must exercise daily regardless f ur age and wrking style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项“There are sme activities which everyne shuld d in ur life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。
19．根据空前“We shuld have at least six t eight hurs f sleep every day. It helps in imprving ur immune (免疫) system and prtects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new gals f health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It als helps in keeping us calm and relaxes ur mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。
段中句的解题技巧
段中设空题通常考查过渡句和细节句。段中句若位于主题句后，很可能是说明原因、举例证明、分述细化主题、解释前面句中的某个概念等；位于段落中间可能起衔接作用。要重点阅读空前一句和空后一句，找出它们之间的逻辑关系，或者根据意义的连贯性得出答案。解题时要特别注意体现时间、原因、方式、转折等逻辑关系的语篇标志词(关联词)。
段中设空题：
①细节句：设空位于段中，首先阅读选项并画出关键词；然后重点阅读设空处的前一句和后一句，画出关键词，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；阅读各个选项，标记关键词；比较匹配关键词，确定答案；利用词汇复现找到答案；利用表并列、转折、递进和因果的关系的关联词找到答案。
②过渡句：阅读空处前后内容，挖掘内在的逻辑关系；阅读各个选项，标记表示转折、并列、递进或因果关系的关联词；注意词汇复现：同源词、同义词、近义词或反义词复现，不同时态形式的动词等。
Hesitatin as intuitin (直觉)
Yu’ve thught abut it. Yu’ve made yur decisin and then.….yu hesitate. Yur muse hvers ver the “purchase nw” buttn, yu’ve written the text but can’t quite bring yurself t press “send”. Yu hesitate. 1
Our culture values ding. We’re cnstantly urged t “g fr it.” But what if hesitatin is nt a sign f weakness but rather a valuable signal? 2 But we dn’t always make it a practice t listen t ur bdies. When we d pay attentin, we have access t a lt f nnratinal infrmatin including ur intuitin. If yu ntice yurself hesitating, it might mean a part f yu isn’t quite sure. Hesitatin can be the bdy’s way f alerting us t verlked details r cncealed infrmatin that culd be crucial t ur chice.
Since hesitatin can carry such significance, it becmes essential t understand the nature f the signals ur bdies send. Althugh distinguishing between intuitin and fear r anxiety is nt easy, when we cultivate the habit f self-awareness and understand ur fears, we can begin t decipher (辨认) the messages behind ur hesitatin. Mrever, ur ratinal minds have their limitatins. 3 Therefre, by integrating ur emtins and physical sensatins int the decisin-making prcess, we access a mre cmprehensive understanding.
T make mre infrmed decisins, we can emply specific strategies. One way that we can help urselves with a specific decisin is t ntice when there’s hesitatin and, if yu have the time, wait. 4 Anther interesting way t lk at making a decisin is t walk up t the dr f it. Take actin as if yu had already made the decisin. And befre it’s t late, ntice hw it feels t walk that path. That may give yu mre infrmatin than thinking ever culd.
5 By integrating bth ratinal and intuitive elements, we can handle the cmplex chices with greater cnfidence and clarity.
A．It’s easy t miss intuitive signals when we are mving frm thinking minds.
B．They wrk within fixed framewrks that might nt match the cmplex reality.
C．While ur minds are undubtedly pwerful, ur bdies als hld a wealth f wisdm.
D．In nature, the key t effective decisin-making lies in seeing hesitatin as a help.
E．Check back in with the decisin yu thught yu made and see if anything differs.
F．Hesitatin means yur intuitin is trying t speak t yu frm deep inner place.
G．This hesitatin is cmmn yet ften verlked in ur decisin-making prcess.
【答案】1．G 2．C 3．B 4．E 5．D
【难度】0.65
【知识点】方法/策略
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了犹豫的重要意义以及做出更明智的决定，我们可以采用具体的策略。
1．根据上文“Yur muse hvers ver the “purchase nw” buttn, yu’ve written the text but can’t quite bring yurself t press “send”. Yu hesitate.(你的鼠标悬停在“立即购买”按钮上，你已经写好了文字，但无法让自己按下“发送”。你犹豫。)”可知，选项承接上文说明这种现象的普遍性和被忽视性。故G选项“这种犹豫很常见，但在我们做决定的过程中却经常被忽视”切题。故选G项。
2．根据下文“But we dn’t always make it a practice t listen t ur bdies. When we d pay attentin, we have access t a lt f nnratinal infrmatin including ur intuitin. 但是我们并没有经常去倾听我们身体的声音。当我们集中注意力的时候，我们可以接触到很多非理性的信息，包括我们的直觉)”可知，选项承接下文说明我们的身体中藏着巨大的智慧。故C选项“虽然我们的思想无疑是强大的，但我们的身体也拥有丰富的智慧”切题。a wealth f wisdm呼应a lt f nnratinal infrmatin。故选C项。
3．根据上文“Mrever, ur ratinal minds have their limitatins.(此外，我们的理性思维也有其局限性)”可知，选项承接上文具体说明局限性的内容。故B选项“它们在固定的框架内工作，可能与复杂的现实不匹配”切题。故选B项。
4．根据上文“One way that we can help urselves with a specific decisin is t ntice when there’s hesitatin and, if yu have the time, wait.(我们可以帮助自己做出具体决定的一种方法是注意到犹豫的时候，如果你有时间，等待)”可知，选项与上文为并列关系继续说明犹豫的时候该做的事情。故E选项“回顾一下你认为自己做出的决定，看看是否有什么不同”切题。故选E项。
5．根据下文“By integrating bth ratinal and intuitive elements, we can handle the cmplex chices with greater cnfidence and clarity.(通过整合理性和直觉的元素，我们可以更有信心和更清晰地处理复杂的选择)”可知，选项在总结全文强调了犹豫在决策中的重要作用且这种作用能够帮助我们处理复杂的选择。故D选项“从本质上讲，有效决策的关键在于将犹豫视为一种帮助”切题。故选D项。
考点三 考查段尾句
（2023北京卷）It’s a jyful and stressful time f year in the United States fr students and their families as they make decisins abut where t attend cllege. Families ften turn t rankings systems t help make a decisin. 15
When I talk t families as a schlar f higher educatin, they’re ften surprised that teaching excellence is nt cunted in rankings. 16
A．Higher educatin has achieved its true ptential.
B．Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.
C．Quality teaching has been an imprtant reputatin-building factr.
D．Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.
E．Effrts t imprve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F．They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.
G．In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.
【答案】15．D 16．F
15．根据空前内容“It’s a jyful and stressful time f year in the United States fr students and their families as they make decisins abut where t attend cllege. Families ften turn t rankings systems t help make a decisin.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。
16．根据空前内容“When I talk t families as a schlar f higher educatin, they’re ften surprised that teaching excellence is nt cunted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“mre surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。
段尾句的解题技巧
1．细节句：①与上文是转折或对比关系；②与上文是并列或递进关系。
2．总结句：用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语，如therefre、 as a result、 thus、 t sum up、 t cnclude、 in a wrd等。
3．段落过渡句：此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
段尾设空的题多为总结本段内容，偶有起承上启下的作用。即要么是结论句，要么就是承上启下句。
题型和考查角度：
①结论句：用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。
②承上启下句：此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
③细节句：空前一句或两句是重点语句，应该重点阅读；锁定空前重点语句中的高频词汇和体现逻辑关系的关联词；寻找选项中是否有表逻辑关系的关联词；寻找选项中是否有与上文相同或相似的句式结构。
④过渡句：瞻前顾后找线索；阅读上一段的结尾，结合下一段的开头，留意衔接词和关键词；注意所选答案是否衔接上下段内容；阅读空前段落内容，抓住主旨，总结空前的内容，并利用词汇复现等技巧选出正确答案。
While cmpliments (赞扬) may seem simple, they can have a large impact n yu and the peple arund yu, creating a ripple f psitivity. Hwever, giving cmpliments requires skills and knwledge.
Mst cmpliments in ur culture fllw a very predictable pattern. 1 Abut tw-thirds f cmpliments in the US are made using just five adjectives: nice, gd, beautiful, pretty, and great. In additin, abut 80% f cmpliments fllw three frmats. S if I liked a bk yu wrte and wanted t say smething psitive abut it, my cmpliment wuld prbably fllw ne f these basic patterns: “Yur bk is great,” “I lve yur bk,” r “That is a terrific bk.”
2 . Fr example, in 2011 a schlar shwed that wmen in unstructured settings bth give and receive far mre cmpliments than men. Abut three-quarters f wmen’s cmpliments t ther wmen in an unstructured, infrmal setting invlve appearance. In a gal-riented, frmal setting, 68% f praise statements are abut perfrmance. 3
Whether the cmpliment is effective depends n whether it is believable, apprpriate, and unqualified. 4 If yu tell me my hair lks gd, I will dismiss it and suspect yur mtives, because I have little hair. Mre generally, peple with lw self-esteem dn’t usually receive cmpliments well. As researchers have shwn, in peple with high self-esteem, a cmpliment stimulates parts f the brain respnsible fr self-referential thinking. This ccurs significantly less fr peple wh have lw self-esteem.
Even if a cmpliment agrees with ne’s self-cnceptin, schlars cncluded, it must meet three criteria t be accepted by its bject. 5 It must be sincere. And it must ccur in the apprpriate cntext.
A．It must fllw the basic patterns.
B．The praise must cme frm a persn with credibility t give it.
C．What we chse t cmpliment depends n gender differences.
D．A gd cmpliment must nt cnflict with its recipient’s self-cnceptin.
E．If peple have negative view f a persn, they wuld resist his cmpliments.
F．In cntrast, men are mre likely t cmpliment ne anther n perfrmance in all settings.
G．They are generally directed tward anther persn’s appearance, perfrmance, r pssessins.
【答案】1．G 2．C 3．F 4．D 5．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了赞美虽然看似简单，但对人和周围的人都有很大的影响，能激起一连串积极的反应，同时指出赞美也需要技巧和知识。
1．上文“Mst cmpliments in ur culture fllw a very predictable pattern.(在我们文化中，大多数的赞美都遵循一种非常可预测的模式)”说明大多数赞美都有固定模式。G选项“They are generally directed tward anther persn’s appearance, perfrmance, r pssessins.(它们通常针对另一个人的外表、表现或财产)”承接上文，具体说明这种固定模式是什么，即“针对另一个人的外表、表现或财产”进行赞美。故选G项。
2．下文“Fr example, in 2011 a schlar shwed that wmen in unstructured settings bth give and receive far mre cmpliments than men.(例如，2011年，一位学者发现，在非结构化的环境中，女性给予和接受的赞美远比男性多)”通过举例说明了男性和女性在给予和接受赞美上的差异。C选项“What we chse t cmpliment depends n gender differences.(我们选择赞美什么取决于性别差异)”引出下文，说明选择赞美的内容与性别差异有关。故选C项。
3．上文“Abut three-quarters f wmen’s cmpliments t ther wmen in an unstructured, infrmal setting invlve appearance. In a gal-riented, frmal setting, 68% f praise statements are abut perfrmance.(在非结构化、非正式的环境中，女性对其他女性的赞美中，约有四分之三与外表有关。在目标导向的正式场合中，68%的赞美陈述是关于表现的)”分别说明了女性在不同场合下赞美的内容倾向。F选项“In cntrast, men are mre likely t cmpliment ne anther n perfrmance in all settings.(相比之下，男性在所有场合下都更有可能对彼此的表现表示赞美)”与上文形成对比，说明了男性在赞美内容上的倾向。故选F项。
4．下文“If yu tell me my hair lks gd, I will dismiss it and suspect yur mtives, because I have little hair.(如果你告诉我我的头发看起来很好，我会不屑一顾，并怀疑你的动机，因为我头发很少)”通过举例说明了赞美需要与被赞美者的自我认知相符，否则会被怀疑动机。D选项“A gd cmpliment must nt cnflict with its recipient’s self-cnceptin.(一个好的赞美必须不与其接受者的自我认知相冲突)”引出下文，说明了有效赞美的一个重要条件是必须与被赞美者的自我认知相符。故选D项。
5．上文“Even if a cmpliment agrees with ne’s self-cnceptin, schlars cncluded, it must meet three criteria t be accepted by its bject.(学者们得出结论，即使赞美与一个人的自我认知相符，它也必须满足三个标准才能被其对象所接受)”说明了一个好的赞美需要满足三个标准。下文“It must be sincere. And it must ccur in the apprpriate cntext.(它必须是真诚的。而且它必须在适当的情境下发生)”列出了其中的两个标准。B选项“The praise must cme frm a persn with credibility t give it.(赞美必须来自一个有可信度的人)”承上启下，列出了满足条件的第三个标准，即赞美必须来自一个有可信度的人。故选B项。
年份
体裁
主题语境
段首题
段中题
段尾题
考情分析
2024
说明文
主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势
1
4
0
根据近三年的考情分析，阅读七选五主要考查：文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。呈现形式是段首句、段中句和段尾句，其中段中句是考查的重点。
预测2025年高考还会考查：以段首句、段中句和段尾句形式。
2023
说明文
文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。
1
2
2
2022
说明文
文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。
1
4
0