高考英语二轮-完形填空夹叙夹议（讲义）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-完形填空夹叙夹议（讲义）（教师版），共18页。学案主要包含了利用首句查明说明对象解题2，利用逻辑关系解题6，利用词语搭配解题9，利用背景和常识解题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
\l "_Tc17226" 01考情透视·目标导航1
02 \l "_Tc18151" 知识导图·思维引航2
\l "_Tc25540" 03考点突破·考向探究2
\l "_Tc20799" 考点一 利用首句查明说明对象解题2
【 \l "_Tc19212" 真题研析】2
【 \l "_Tc11164" 核心精讲】3
【 \l "_Tc28075" 命题预测】3
\l "_Tc29041" 考点二 利用逻辑关系解题6
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】6
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 6
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】6
\l "_Tc29325" 考点三 利用词语搭配解题9
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】9
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 9
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】9
\l "_Tc29325" 考点四 利用背景和常识解题 PAGEREF _Tc29325 \h 12
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】 PAGEREF _Tc30789 \h 12
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" PAGEREF _Tc285 \h 13
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】13
完形填空
一．解题步骤
1.读首句--了解文章的主要人物、时间和事件等。
2.文章梳理：故事情节+情感变化+语篇主题+文本结构
阅读注意点：词汇衔接，逻辑衔接，语境暗示，情感态度变化，背景知识
答题注意点：1.预测、推断并选择答案
2.标记不确定答案的题
3.验证答案，必要时修改答案
4.验证并修改第一轮不确定的答案
二．解题技巧
1. 利用关联词汇2. 活用逻辑推断
3. 巧用语境提示4. 偶用背景知识
5. 借用情感态度6. 运用固定搭配
考点一 利用首句查明说明对象
（2024·北京西城·二模）Yu may have heard f the famus wrkplace cmmunicatin sftware, Slack. Many cmpanies use Slack t virtually cmmunicate acrss teams. What mst peple dn’t knw is that Slack, despite its 46 , was never meant t exist.
46．A．prblemB．histryC．successD．limitatin
【解析】首句知说明对象。考查名词词义辨析。句意：大多数人不知道的是，尽管Slack取得了成功，但它根本就不应该存在。A. prblem问题；B. histry历史；C. success 成功；D. limitatin 限制。根据上文“Yu may have heard f the famus wrkplace cmmunicatin sftware, Slack. Many cmpanies use Slack t virtually cmmunicate acrss teams.”可知，Slack取得了成功。故选C项。
【答案】C
完形填空一般无标题，首句一般不设空，往往是全文的关键句，或者称为主导句，通常起着开启、概括或贯穿全文的作用。完形填空的语篇以记叙文、夹叙夹议文为主。记叙文首句往往介绍事件发生的时间、地点、人物或起因等细节信息，说明文和议论文般通过文章首句点明全文的主题。 仔细分析文章的首句，往往维获取许多解题信息，从而节省考生的做题时间。
利用首句可以帮助我们判断文章的体裁，捕捉文章的要素，预测文章的发展。
若首句交代了when, where, wh, what，即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事，为了测试语篇的理解能力，出题者特别注意选材的趣味性，其结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味;若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文;若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。
（24-25高三上·北京丰台·期末）In ur cmmunity, water has been scarce (稀缺的) fr weeks in many hmes. Thankfully, my dad’s fresight blessed ur hme with a(n) 1 well that prvides us with fresh water every day.
One Sunday, we arrived hme frm a wedding. There were ur 2 neighburs, sitting amng a pile f buckets, bttles, and anything they culd fill water in. Cncern immediately filled my heart. Upn enquiry, they replied they had been 3 fr the water truck in the baking heat fr hurs.
Seeing these, I remembered the cmmunity spirit f “I am because we are”. I felt an urge t 4 ur neighburs. My family all agreed with me. We 5 them t cllect water frm ur well. We pened the gate and cnnected the hsepipe.
Very quickly, the wrd spread, and ld and yung frm the cmmunity 6 t cllect water with varius-sized cntainers. It was a feel-gd mment fr me and heartwarming t watch the yung help the elderly carry their water hme befre 7 fr their wn buckets.
Finally, the water truck arrived. By that time we must have prvided water fr arund 50-plus peple, which made them 8 and grateful. We als arranged a time fr them t cme the fllwing day if there was still n water available.
And as lng as ur family’s well is wrking, we 9 ur spirit. It is the fundamental recgnitin that individual acts f kindness will spread and grw int a 10 that can vercme even the severest shrtages. We are strnger tgether.
1．A．ancientB．ppularC．preciusD．abandned
2．A．desperateB．pliteC．kindD．bred
3．A．searchingB．waitingC．planningD．applying
4．A．helpB．bserveC．visitD．frgive
5．A．drveB．taughtC．encuragedD．challenged
6．A．struggledB．vlunteeredC．hesitatedD．gathered
7．A．lkingB．returningC．askingD．sending
8．A．amusedB．freeC．prudD．relieved
9．A．identifyB．understandC．practiseD．learn
10．A．styleB．symblC．cnceptD．frce
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．D 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在社区很多家庭缺水数周的情况下，作者家因父亲的先见之明拥有一口珍贵的井，每日能提供淡水。一个周日，作者一家参加婚礼归来，看到邻居们顶着酷热等水车许久，心生怜悯。作者一家决定打开家门，让邻居们从自家井里取水，消息传开，社区老少纷纷前来。作者目睹年轻人帮老人提水，场面温馨。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地，我爸爸的远见使我们家有了一口珍贵的井，每天为我们提供淡水。A. ancient古代的；B. ppular流行的；C. precius宝贵的；D. abandned废弃的。根据上文“water has been scarce (稀缺的) fr weeks in many hmes”提到许多家庭已经缺水好几个星期了，以及下文“prvides us with fresh water every day”由此可知，此处应表示爸爸的远见使我们家有了一口珍贵的井，每天为我们提供淡水。故选C项。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们绝望的邻居坐在一堆水桶、瓶子和任何可以装水的东西中间。A. desperate绝望的；B. plite礼貌的；C. kind善良的；D. bred无聊的。根据下文“they replied they had been ____3____ fr the water truck in the baking heat fr hurs.”由此可知，此处应表示绝望的邻居坐在一堆水桶、瓶子和任何可以装水的东西中间。故选A项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过询问，他们回答说，他们已经在炎热的天气里等了几个小时的水车了。A. searching搜寻；B. waiting等待；C. planning计划；D. applying申请，运用。根据下文“fr the water truck in the baking heat fr hurs.”以及后文“Finally, the water truck arrived.”提到水车来了，由此可知，此处应表示他们已经在炎热的天气里等了几个小时的水车了。故选B项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我有一种帮助邻居的冲动。A. help帮助；B. bserve观察；C. visit拜访；D. frgive原谅。根据上文“Seeing these, I remembered the cmmunity spirit f “I am because we are”.”提到社区精神，由此可知，此处应表示作者有一种帮助邻居的冲动。故选A项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们鼓励他们从我们的井里取水。A. drve开车；B. taught教；C. encuraged鼓励；D. challenged挑战。根据下文“We pened the gate and cnnected the hsepipe.”由此可知，此处应表示作者鼓励他们从他们家的井里取水。故选C项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，消息传开了，社区里的老人和年轻人聚集在一起，用各种大小的容器收集水。A. struggled挣扎；B. vlunteered志愿做；C. hesitated犹豫；D. gathered聚集。根据句意以及上文“Very quickly, the wrd spread, and ld and yung frm the cmmunity…”由此可知，此处应表示消息传开了，社区里的老人和年轻人聚集在一起，用各种大小的容器收集水。故选D项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：看着年轻人帮助老人把水搬回家，然后再去拿自己的水桶，这对我来说是一个感觉很好的时刻，也很温暖。A. lking看；B. returning返回；C. asking问；D. sending寄。根据上文“the yung help the elderly carry their water hme befre”以及下文“fr their wn buckets”由此可知，此处应表示年轻人帮助老人把水搬回家，然后再去拿自己的水桶。故选B项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到那时，我们应该已经为大约50多人提供了水，这让他们感到宽慰和感激。A. amused被逗乐的；B. free自由的；C. prud自豪的；D. relieved宽慰的。根据上文“we must have prvided water fr arund 50-plus peple”以及下文“grateful”由此可知，此处应表示我们应该已经为大约50多人提供了水，这让他们感到宽慰和感激。故选D项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：只要我们家的井还在运转，我们就在实践我们的精神。A. identify识别；B. understand理解；C. practise实践；D. learn学习。根据上文“And as lng as ur family’s well is wrking”由此可知，此处应表示只要作者家的井还在运转，作者就在实践他们的精神。故选C项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一种基本的认识，即个人的善良行为会传播并成长为一种力量，甚至可以克服最严重的不足。A. style风格；B. symbl象征；C. cncept概念；D. frce力量。根据句意以及下文“that can vercme even the severest shrtages”由此可知，此处应表示个人的善良行为会传播并成长为一种力量，甚至可以克服最严重的不足。故选D项。
考点二 利用逻辑关系
(2022北京)
Withut a wrd, I rushed him t the hspital. He was treated fr frstbite n his hands. He'd need time t 5 , and wuldn't cme fr class the next day, I thught.
5. A. recver B. play
C. change D. wait
答案 A
解析 设空处前提到了“去医院”“接受治疗”等信息,和recver(康复)形成潜在的因果关系。
完形填空对于逻辑关系的考查有两种形式，一种是借助逻辑关系辨析词义，即把逻辑关系作为一种解题工具；另一种则直接选择逻辑关系标志词。
完形填空中考查的逻辑关系词通常是连词、副词、连词或副词短语，所表达的语义关系表现为转折、让步、因果、对比、列举、递进、增补、总结等。通过前后句的意思及其内在关系，判定答案。
一些逻辑关系词：转折：hwever，thugh，in fact，but 让步：even if，althugh，while
因果：because对比：whereas，while递进：indeed，even，abve all举例：fr example，fr instance，such as增补：als目的：s同位：similarly总结：s far条件：when，if
One f the best feelings is knwing that I have made a(n) 1 impact n anther persn’s life.
During my freshman year, I gt my first real jb at Dunkin’ Dnuts. I quickly became aware that custmers’ 2 was imprtant, s I tried t prvide the best service that I culd. I still remember ne custmer vividly, an elderly gentleman named Frank. He came in every Sunday afternn and rdered a medium cffee with tw ld-fashined dnuts. Immediately after I saw him pull int the parking lt, I 3 his rder, having it ready by the time he walked in. If I had n ther wrk t d, I sat and talked with him. We learned a lt abut each ther. I culd nt help feeling srry fr him because his wife had recently passed away.
After a year f wrking every weekend, I eventually decided t leave and turned in my tw-week ntice. The mst difficult part f 4 was nt telling my bss, but infrming Frank. I felt like I was 5 him. When I finally brught it up, he 6 replied, “Oh, that’s t bad. I’m sure that the staff will miss yu.” I began t think that ur visits held n real imprtance t him, and that he wuld be just as 7 enjying his fd alne. 8 , n my last day, Frank came in with a card that simply read, “Yur kindness during the time we have spent tgether is heartwarming. Yu had n 9 t speak a wrd t me, let alne shw a real interest in ur cnversatins. Few things have brught me mre pleasure than ur weekly visits. Thank yu.”
A amunt f 10 I received fr such minr effrts is mind-blwing. Giving up my weekends fr a year was a small price t pay t grasp the remarkable effects f kindness.
1．A．bviusB．simpleC．immediateD．psitive
2．A．cnditinB．appearanceC．satisfactinD．behavir
3．A．tkB．preparedC．fllwedD．accepted
4．A．quittingB．agreeingC．rememberingD．serving
5．A．embarrassingB．ignringC．cheatingD．abandning
6．A．firmlyB．calmlyC．angrilyD．sadly
7．A．cnfidentB．excitedC．cntentD．interested
8．A．MeanwhileB．TherefreC．MreverD．Hwever
9．A．dutyB．rightC．excuseD．intentin
10．A．admiratinB．expectatinC．appreciatinD．instructin
【答案】
1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者提出了辞职，原本以为未受到重视，后来收到一张卡片，让作者深受感动。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最好的感觉之一是知道我对另一个人的生活产生了积极的影响。A. bvius明显的；B. simple简单的；C. immediate立即的；D. psitive积极的。根据上文“the best feelings(最好的感觉)”可推理出空白处应填表示“积极的”含义的形容词，故选D项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很快意识到客户的满意度很重要，所以我尽力提供最好的服务。A. cnditin状态；B. appearance外貌；C. satisfactin满意；D. behavir行为。根据下文“I tried t prvide the best service that I culd(我尽力提供最好的服务)”可知，作者是为了客户的满意度而尽力提供最好的服务，故选C项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我看到他把车开进停车场后，我立即准备好了他的订单，在他走进停车场时就做好了。A. tk带走；B. prepared 准备；C. fllwed跟着；D. accepted接受。根据下文“having it ready by the time he walked in(在他走进停车场时就做好了)”可知，我准备好了他的订单，故选B项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：辞职最困难的部分不是告诉老板，而是通知弗兰克。A. quitting辞职；B. agreeing同意；C. remembering记得；D. serving服务。根据上文“I eventually decided t leave (我最终决定离开)”可知作者要辞职，故选A项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我觉得我要离他而去。A. embarrassing使尴尬；B. ignring忽视；C. cheating欺骗；D. abandning抛弃。根据上文“The mst difficult part f quitting was nt telling my bss, but infrming Frank(辞职最困难的部分不是告诉老板，而是通知弗兰克)”可知，作者要辞职了，他感到自己要离开弗兰克而去，感到难以开口，故选D项。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我终于提起这件事时，他平静地回答：“哦，太糟糕了。我相信工作人员会想念你的。”A. firmly坚定地；B. calmly镇静地；C. angrily生气地；D. sadly悲伤地。根据下文“I began t think that ur visits held n real imprtance t him(我开始认为我们的访问对他来说并不重要)”可知，他对我的辞职并没有表现出异常的情绪，而是很镇静地说了一些客套话，故选B项。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始认为，我们的访问对他来说并不重要，他也会满足于独自享受食物。A. cnfident自信的；B. excited兴奋的；C. cntent满足的；D. interested有趣的。根据上文“I began t think that ur visits held n real imprtance t him(我开始认为我们的访问对他来说并不重要)”可知我的辞职并未对他满意地享受食物产生影响，故选C项。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在我的最后一天，弗兰克带着一张卡片进来了，上面简短地写着：“我们在一起的这段时间里，你的善意令人暖心。A. Meanwhile在此期间；B. Therefre因此；C. Mrever此外；D. Hwever然而。根据上文“I began t think that ur visits held n real imprtance t him(我开始认为我们的会谈对他来说并不重要)”以及下文“n my last day, Frank came in with a card that simply read, “Yur kindness during the time we have spent tgether is heartwarming.( 在我的最后一天，弗兰克带着一张卡片进来了，上面简短地写着：“我们在一起的这段时间里，你的善意令人暖心)”可知上下文之间为转折关系，使用表示转折关系的副词，故选D项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你没有义务和我说一句话，更不用说对我们的谈话表现出真正的兴趣了。A. duty义务；B. right权利；C. excuse借口；D. intentin目的。根据下文“let alne shw a real interest in ur cnversatins(更不用说对我们的谈话表现出真正的兴趣了)”可知，此处上下文在礼貌地进行表达，分析四个选项，A项“duty(义务)”表达的含义符合语境，放在句中表达的含义为“你没有义务和我说一句话”，故选A项。
10．考查名词词义辨析，句意：我为这些小小的努力所得到的赞赏令人震惊。A. admiratin赞美；B. expectatin期待；C. appreciatin赞赏；D. instructin指令。根据上文“Few things have brught me mre pleasure than ur weekly visits. Thank yu.( 没有什么比我们每周一次的会谈更让我高兴的了。非常感谢)”可知作者得到的是赞赏，故选C项。
考点三 利用词语搭配
【2022北京卷】
That cld Mnday mrning, he waited a lng, lng while fr adults t ____9____. T a child, every minute feels like frever. He didn’t attempt t walk back hme; he waited and trusted. This five-year-ld taught me a pwerful lessn in _____10_____ .
9. A. shw upB. pull upC. hld upD. line up
【答案】 9. A
9.【解析】
考查短语辨析。句意：在那个寒冷的周一早晨，他等了很久很久，才等到大人的出现。A. shw up露面，出现；B. pull up拔起、停下来；C. hld up举起、阻挡；D. line up排队。根据上下文语义可知，小男孩在门口等了很久，才等到大人出现给他开门，此处用shw up符合语境。故选A项
完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语”，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力，特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配、固定结构和固定句式，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。
During my secnd year at the city cllege, I was tld that the educatin department was ffering a “free” curse, called Thinking Chess, fr three credits (学分). I 1 the idea f taking the class because, after all, wh desn’t want t 2 a few dllars? Mre than that, I’d always wanted t learn chess. And, even if I weren’t excited enugh abut free credits, news abut ur instructr was appealing enugh t me. He was an internatinal grandmaster, which meant I wuld be learning frm ne f the game’s 3 . I culd hardly wait t meet him.
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a frmer graduate returning t teach, and this jb was n game fr him: he meant business. In his intrductin, he made it clear that ur credits wuld be hard-earned. In rder t 4 the class, amng ther criteria (标准), we had t write a paper n hw we plan t 5 what we wuld learn in class t ur future prfessins and, eventually, t ur lives. I managed t get an A in that 6 and learned life lessns that have served me well beynd the 7 .
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting t use what he taught me: “The abslute mst imprtant 8 that yu learn when yu play chess is hw t make gd decisins. On every single mve yu have t 9 a situatin, prcess what yur ppnent (对手) is ding and evaluate the best mve frm amng all yur ptins.” These wrds still ring true tday in my 10 as a jurnalist.
1．A．put frwardB．jumped atC．tried utD．turned dwn
2．A．wasteB．earnC．saveD．pay
3．A．fastestB．easiestC．rarestD．best
4．A．attendB．passC．skipD．bserve
5．A．addB．expseC．applyD．cmpare
6．A．curseB．presentatinC．gameD．experiment
7．A．criterinB．classrmC．departmentD．situatin
8．A．factB．stepC．mannerD．skill
9．A．analyzeB．describeC．rebuildD．cntrl
10．A．behavirB．desireC．cncernD．rle
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．D
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者在大二时参加一个免费课程“思维象棋”的学习收获，以及它对作者以后职业和生活的启示和指导意义。
1．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我欣然接受了上这门课的想法，毕竟，谁不想省点钱呢? A. put frward提出；B. jumped at欣然接受；C. tried ut试验；D. turned dwn拒绝。根据上文“During my secnd year at the city cllege, I was tld that the educatin department was ffering a “free” curse,(我在城市学院读二年级时，有人告诉我教育部门提供一门“免费”课程，)”以及后句“after all, wh desn’t want t ___2___ a few dllars?(毕竟，谁不想省点钱呢?)”可知，作者欣然接受了上这门“免费”课程的想法。故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我欣然接受了上这门课的想法，毕竟，谁不想省点钱呢? A. waste浪费；B. earn挣，赚；C. save节省；D. pay支付，付款。根据上句“During my secnd year at the city cllege, I was tld that the educatin department was ffering a “free” curse,(我在城市学院读二年级时，有人告诉我教育部门提供一门“免费”课程，)”可知这门课是免费的，报名上课等于省了钱。故选C。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他是一名国际象棋大师，这意味着我可以向世界上最好的棋手之一学习。A. fastest最快的；B. easiest最容易的；C. rarest最珍贵的；D. best最好的。根据“He was an internatinal grandmaster(他是一位国际特级大师)”可知，教练是最好的棋手之一。故选D。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了其他标准外，为了通过这门课，我们必须写一篇论文，说明我们计划如何将课堂上学到的知识应用到我们未来的职业中，并最终应用到我们的生活中。A. attend出席；B. pass通过；C. skip跳过，略过；D. bserve观察。根据“we had t write a paper(我们必须写一篇论文)”可知，我们必须写一篇论文是为了通过这门课。故选B。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. add补充；B. expse暴露，接触；C. apply运用；D. cmpare比较。根据“what we wuld learn in class t ur future prfessins and, eventually, t ur lives.(将课堂上学到的知识到我们未来的职业中，并最终应用到我们的生活中)”可知，是将我们所学的知识运用到未来的职业甚至是生活中，apply…t…应用到……。故选C。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我设法在那门课上得了A，并学到了在课堂之外对我很有帮助的人生经验。A. curse课程；B. presentatin陈述，报告，说明；C. game比赛；D. experiment实验。根据上文“I ___1___ the idea f taking the class (我欣然接受了上这门课的想法)”可知，作者上了这门课，并设法获得A的成绩。故选A。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. criterin标准，准则；B. classrm教室；C. department部门；D. situatin情况，形势。根据上文“In rder t ___4___ the class, amng ther criteria(标准), we had t write a paper n hw we plan t ____5____ what we wuld learn in class t ur future prfessins and, eventually, t ur lives. (除了其他标准外，为了通过这门课，我们必须写一篇论文，说明我们计划如何将课堂上学到的知识应用到我们未来的职业中，并最终应用到我们的生活中。)”可知，课堂上学到的知识应用到我们未来的职业中，并最终应用到我们的生活中，是超出课堂的范畴的。故选B。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：下棋时你学到的最重要的技能就是如何做出正确的决定。 A. fact事实；B. step步骤；C. manner态度，举止；D. skill技能。根据“yu learn when yu play chess(下棋的时候学到东西)”可知，学到的是技能。故选D。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在每一个动作中，你都必须分析形势，分析对手的动作，并在所有选择中评估最佳动作。A. analyze分析；B. describe描述；C. rebuild重建；D. cntrl控制。根据“prcess what yur ppnent(对手)is ding and evaluate the best mve frm amng all yur ptins (分析对手的动作，并在所有选择中评估最佳动作)”可知，分析对手的动作，并在所有选择中评估最佳动作，这都是对形势的分析。故选A。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些话在我作为一名记者的今天仍然适用。A. behavir行为，举止；B. desire渴望；C. cncern关心，担心；D. rle角色，任务。根据“as a jurnalist(作为一名记者)”可知，是作为记者的角色。故选D。
考点四 利用背景常识
【2021北京卷】
The train mved n．The little by was ____5____ awake n his mther's lap，but the wman drpped ff t sleep．A mment later，he began t____6____the half-pen windw—ne leg went ver it．The man jumped up and ____7____the child just befre he fell ut．
The____8____ wke up the wman．She seemed t be in____9____，and then reality dawned （显现）．“Yur child has been lking fr an pprtunity t climb ut f the windw，”the man said as he gave the child back t her. ．“S I have been watching the whle time．”The wman was _____10_____，and s was I．
7. A. grabbedB. rckedC. tuchedD. picked
8. A. alarmB. quarrelC. riskD. nise
9. A. srrwB. reliefC. panicD. pain
【答案】 7. A 8. D 9. C
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在孩子掉下去之前，那人跳起来抓住了他。A. grabbed 抓着；B. rcked 摇晃；C. tuched 接触；D. picked挑选。根据befre he fell ut可知，男人跳起来是为了阻止孩子掉下去，所以要抓住他，故选A。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：噪音把那个女人吵醒了。A. alarm 闹钟；B. quarrel吵架；C. risk 风险；D. nise噪音。根据上文The man jumped up and grabbed the child just befre he fell ut可知，男人和孩子一定是弄出了很大的动静和声音，故选D。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她似乎在恐慌，然后明白过来。A. srrw悲伤；B. relief减轻；C. panic恐慌； D. pain痛苦。根据上文可知，女人一醒来看到男人抓着自己的孩子，女人对男人的印象不好，因此作为母亲一定是很恐慌的，故选C。
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。另外，利用生活常识和文化背景解题也需要考生结合逻辑推断，谨慎选择。
（2024·北京朝阳·二模）A nurse named Aly Hgarth has reunited with a mther and daughter at the same hspital ship 30 years after saving their lives.
In 1993, Ms Hgarth was turing a hspital ship in Sierra Lene when she knew that a patient Catherine Cnteh needed a Caesarean sectin (剖腹产手术), but she culdn’t 1 it. Ms Hgarth cntacted her clleagues and they paid fr the 170 surgery, s that Catherine’s daughter, Regina, culd be 2 . Later, Ms Hgarth vlunteered t take care f her in the hspital, 3 her wund and teaching her hw t feed the baby. In this way Ms Hgarth frmed a 4 with the mther and the baby, but they lst 5 when she returned hme t New Zealand.
Ms Hgarth, nw 52, vlunteered fr charity Mercy Ships. Surprisingly, she 6 Catherine and Regina at the same hspital ship. They bth became nurses, inspired by Ms Hgarth, and Regina nw has a child f her wn.
Ms Hgarth said, “T see Catherine in persn again, it’s very unreal really. It’s nt smething I 7 expected until we made cntact again. Fr me, I felt 8 at the mment when we met and didn’t knw hw t react.” “We just cried and cried,” Catherine said. “Regina and I wuld have died withut Ms Hgarth’s pure lve.”
“It’s really 9 t see Catherine again,” Ms Hgarth shared. “I thught abut her every time I tld that stry fr the last 30 years. I knw it was a significant time — realizing that yu can make a real 10 by ding smething.”
1．A．cancelB．bearC．affrdD．accept
2．A．examinedB．deliveredC．adptedD．attended
3．A．receivingB．remvingC．dressingD．discvering
4．A．habitB．traditinC．planD．bnd
5．A．tuchB．cntrlC．hpeD．directin
6．A．called nB．came acrssC．lked afterD．kept ff
7．A．everB．stillC．evenD．just
8．A．inspiredB．disappintedC．cncernedD．excited
9．A．impssibleB．amazingC．challengingD．simple
10．A．effrtB．cmmitmentC．decisinD．difference
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．D
【导语】本文属于记叙文，讲述了护士Aly Hgarth在30年前于医院船上救助了一位名叫Catherine Cnteh的母亲，并帮助她顺利生下女儿Regina的故事。多年后，她们在同一艘医院船上重逢。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1993年，Hgarth女士在Sierra Lene参观一艘医疗船时，得知病人凯Catherine Cnteh需要剖腹产，但她负担不起。A. cancel取消；B. bear忍受；C. affrd负担得起；D. accept接受。根据下文的“Ms Hgarth cntacted her clleagues and they paid fr the 170 surgery”可知，Catherine Cnteh无法负担手术费。故选C。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Hgarth女士联系了她的同事，同事们支付了 170 美元的手术费，这样凯瑟琳的女儿Regina就可以顺利降生了。A. examined检查；B. delivered接生；C. adpted采纳，收养；D. attended出席。根据上文的“a patient Catherine Cnteh needed a Caesarean sectin (剖腹产手术)”可知，Catherine需要剖腹产，孩子需要接生。故选B。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，Hgarth女士自愿在医院照顾她，帮她包扎伤口，教她如何喂养婴儿。A. receiving接收；B. remving移除；C. dressing给……包扎；D. discvering发现。根据下文的“her wund”可知，此处指为Catherine的伤口进行包扎处理。故选C。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这种方式，Hgarth女士与母亲和孩子建立了联系，但当她回到新西兰的家中时，她们失去了联系。A. habit习惯；B. traditin传统；C. plan计划；D. bnd联系，纽带。根据上文的“Ms Hgarth vlunteered t take care f her in the hspital, 3 her wund and teaching her hw t feed the baby.”可知，上文描述了Hgarth女士照顾母女的过程，她们之间形成了情感上的联系。故选D。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这种方式，Hgarth女士与母亲和孩子建立了联系，但当她回到新西兰的家中时，她们失去了联系。A. tuch联系；B. cntrl控制；C. hpe希望；D. directin方向。根据下文的“until we made cntact again”可知，她们曾失去过联系。故选A。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，她在同一家医院船上偶遇了Catherine和Regina。A. called n拜访；B. came acrss偶然遇见；C. lked after照顾；D. kept ff远离。根据上文的“A nurse named Aly Hgarth has reunited with a mther and daughter at the same hspital ship 30 years after saving their lives.”及下文的“at the same hspital ship”可知，这里是说她们在同一家医院船偶遇。故选B。
7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是我完全没有预料到的，直到我们再次取得联系。A. ever曾经；B. still仍然；C. even甚至；D. just刚刚。根据上文的“T see Catherine in persn again, it’s very unreal really.”可知，Hgarth女士对此感到非常意外，曾经从未料想过。故选A。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我们见面的那一刻，我感到很激动，不知道该如何反应。A. inspired受到启发的；B. disappinted失望的；C. cncerned关心的；D. excited兴奋的，激动的。根据下文的“at the mment when we met and didn’t knw hw t react”可知，多年后重逢应是让人感到激动的。故选D。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“再次见到Catherine真是太棒了，”Hgarth女士分享道。A. impssible不可能的；B. amazing惊人的，神奇的；C. challenging有挑战性的；D. simple简单的。根据上文的“I thught abut her every time I tld that stry fr the last 30 years”可知，这种重逢的情景对Hgarth来说是惊人而美好的。故选B。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道那是一段重要的时间——意识到你可以通过做一些事情来真正产生影响。A. effrt努力；B. cmmitment承诺；C. decisin决定；D. difference差异，影响。make a difference是固定搭配，表示“有所作为，产生影响”。根据上文的“Ms Hgarth cntacted her clleagues and they paid fr the 170 surgery, s that Catherine’s daughter, Regina, culd be 2 .”可知，Hgarth的行为改变了这对母女的命运，真正产生影响。故选D。
年份
体裁
词数
话题
考点分布
命题趋势
动词
名词
形容词
副词
2024
记叙文
279
人与自我：走出自己的舒适区
4
4
1
1
主题语境为“人与自我”和“人与社会”为主的记叙文体
2023
记叙文
273
人与社会：幽默反思课堂纪律
6
2
1
1
2022
记叙文
253
人与社会：信任与等待的感人故事
5
1
3
1
2021
记叙文
238
人与社会：家庭传统与爱的传承
4
3
2
1
2020
记叙文
382
人与社会：音乐梦想与友情力量
11
6
2
1