2026《衡中学案》高考一轮总复习 英语（人教版）语法悟通　专题2　第1讲　动词的时态、语态与主谓一致

这是一份2026《衡中学案》高考一轮总复习 英语（人教版）语法悟通　专题2　第1讲　动词的时态、语态与主谓一致，共11页。
1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Further，the Silk Rute Garden arund the greenhuse walks (walk) visitrs thrugh a jurney influenced by the ancient Silk Rad，by which silk as well as many plant species came t Britain fr the first time.
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上下文语境可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Rute Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。walk sb. thrugh...意为“带领某人穿过……”。故填walks。
2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Sme f the things that Tang was writing abut were (be) als Shakespeare's cncerns.
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空格处为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“sme f the things”，复数。故填were。
3．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Tw years later，a six-meter-tall pavilin, inspired by The Peny Pavilin， was built (build) at the Firs Garden，just ten minutes' walk frm Shakespeare's birthplace.
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空格处为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Tw years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilin”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。
4．(2024·1月浙江卷)Over the last tw years，sme supermarkets have started (start) selling chicken r salad in packs designed with tw halves cntaining separate prtins(份)．
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Over the last tw years”可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语为复数，助动词用have。故填have started。
5．(2024·全国甲卷)They were (be) part f a 15-member explring party that had spent almst five awesme weeks in witness f the natural beauties there.
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为一般过去时且为复数形式。故填were。
6．(2024·北京卷)When we slw dwn, we create space t reflect n ur thughts and emtins, which helps us identify imprtant areas f ur lives and gives (give) us the pprtunity t make right chices.
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处表示这有助于我们找到生活中的重要方面，并给予我们做出正确选择的机会。分析句子结构可知，“help” 与空格处是由and连接的并列谓语动词，时态应保持一致，故此处应用一般现在时；且此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句中的谓语，which 指代“”，因此，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填gives。
7．(2024·北京卷)On April 5, 2024, Jhn Tinniswd was named (name) the wrld's ldest living man.
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处为句子谓语：根据时间状语 “On April 5,2024”可知，此处描述过去发生的事，时态应用一般过去时；主语 “Jhn Tinniswd”与动词name之间构成被动关系，应用被动语态；且主语为第三人称单数，be动词应用was。故填was named。
8．(2024·北京卷)My heart went ut t him, and I jgged (jg) ver t him.
解析：考查动词的时态 。分析句子结构可知，此处为本句的谓语动词；根据空格前的“My heart went ut t him, and”及语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事，时态应用一般过去时。故填jgged。
9．(2024·全国甲卷)What shuld be dne (d) with such a beautiful place?
解析：考查含有情态动词的被动语态。主语what指“事情”，与谓语动词d之间是被动关系，情态动词shuld后接动词原形。故填be dne。
10．(2024·1月浙江卷)Hwever，thugh it's nice t get a few cents ff a pack f sausages，it wuld help even mre if they culd smetimes be ffered (ffer) in smaller packs.
解析：考查含有情态动词的被动语态。动词ffer意为“提供”，和其逻辑主语构成被动关系，主语they指代前文中的sausages。在情态动词culd后动词应用原形。故填be ffered。
11．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a little girl，I wished (wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up.Nw，I'm living ut that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers d their jb in English.
解析：考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句的谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
12．(2023·1月浙江卷)In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Frbidden City，surrunded in cncentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens f higher scial classes were permitted t live clser t the center f the circles. The large siheyuan f these high-ranking fficials and wealthy businessmen ften featured (feature)beautifully carved and painted rf beams and pillars(柱子).
解析：考查动词的时态。根据句子结构和句意可知，空白处作谓语，carved和painted是动词-ed形式作定语，不能作为本句的谓语。结合前后句可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，因此空白处应用feature的过去式。故填featured。
13．(2023·北京卷)Up t nw, China has established (establish) a number f prtected areas with mangrves.
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了许多红树林保护区。由Up t nw(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has。故填has established。
14．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He quickly threw (thrw) his tls aside, and started running, arms ut.
解析：考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，设空处与and后的started构成并列结构，应用一般过去时。故填threw。
15．(2022·全国乙卷)The chairman f the China Culture Prmtin Sciety addressed (address) the pening ceremny.
解析：考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语。此处描述的是过去发生的事情，该句应用一般过去时。故填addressed。
16．(2022·1月浙江卷)But Cbb and thers are (be) nw questining that idea—pushing cnferences t prvide mre chances t participate remtely and changing their persnal behavir t d their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境和空后的nw questining可知，设空处所在句的时态为现在进行时，且主语表示复数意义。故填are。
17．(2022·1月浙江卷)On a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example, rughly 200 academics—many f them climate scientists— have prmised (prmise) t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag.
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语从句since the effrt started tw years ag可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语表示复数意义。故填have prmised。
18．The Xi'an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that has survived China's lng histry. It was built (build) riginally t prtect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred (修复).
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处为谓语，主语It指代上文中的The Xi'an City Wall，与动词build之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；又由时间状语in the Tang Dynasty可知，该句用一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语应用单数。故填was built。
19．(2022·1月浙江卷)Travelling t cnferences, lectures, wrkshps, and the like frequently by plane is viewed/has been viewed (view) as imprtant fr scientists t get tgether and exchange infrmatin.
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、研讨会之类的事情来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与谓语之间存在被动关系。故填is viewed/has been viewed。
20．Yu can't help wndering hw hard it was (be)fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place.
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：你不禁要问，当时的人们要把这些石头放好有多难。根据时间状语then，可知描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，主语为it。故填was。
21．Whenever I heard f businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One f the biggest cmpanies I wrte t was (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrte” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；ne f ＋ 形容词最高级 ＋ 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数。故填was。
22．It desn't impress like Gerge Washingtn's plantatin n the Ptmac, but Lincln's hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis, has prved/has prven (prve)irresistible t visitrs since it pened t the public.
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：它不像乔治·华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincln's hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it pened t the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have＋过去分词；主语Lincln's hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prve 的过去分词形式是prved或prven。故填 has prved/has prven。
23．Mary's niece wrte, “The little hme was painted (paint)white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary lved it.”
解析：考查动词的语态和主谓一致。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little hme作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据下文的was，lved可知，此处也为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were＋过去分词；主语The little hme是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
24．After Lincln was elected President f the US in 1861, they rented the huse and sld (sell)mst f their furniture.
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起作并列谓语；根据时间状语in 1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sld。故填sld。
25．The study fund that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in wmen and men. In cities, hwever, the gain was (be) 1.3 in wmen and 1.6 in men.
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，在城市中，女性增加了1.3，男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语(gain)是单数，时态是一般过去时。故填was。
26．The unmanned Chang'e-4 prbe (探测器) —the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess— tuched (tuch) dwn last week in the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时。故填tuched。
27．“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brwn University, says, “because it means (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn is cnstructed (cnstruct)．”
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，第一空也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means。故填means。分析句子可知，第二空是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语cnstruct与主语the mn之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the mn是单数。故填is cnstructed。
28．This is why decrating with plants, fruits and flwers carries (carry) special significance.
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decrating with plants, fruits and flwers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
29．When he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pinted (pint) dwn the river.
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pinted。
30．The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, frmed (frm) the cre cllectin f the British Museum which pened in 1759.
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in 1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填frmed。
31．The parts f a museum pen t the public are called (call) galleries r rms.
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时；主语the parts与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
32．Often, nly a small part f a museum's cllectin is (be) n display. Mst f it is stred away r used fr research.
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语a small part f a museum's cllectin是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，且后面的Mst f it is stred away r used fr research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
33．By abut 6000 BC，peple had discvered (discver) the best crps t grw and animals t raise.
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用谓语动词。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。“by ＋ 过去时间”(by译为“到……为止”)，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discvered。
34．The building which is being built (build) will be the highest ne in Chngqing.
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：正在建造的大楼将是重庆最高的大楼。分析句子可知，此处为which引导的限制性定语从句中谓语动词的填入，关系代词which指代先行词The building和从句谓语动词build为被动关系，结合句意可知，此处为表示“现在正在建造”为现在进行时，所以为现在进行时的被动语态结构。故填is being built。
Ⅱ.语法填空
时态与主谓一致篇
The first z 1. (establish) arund 3,500 years ag by an Egyptian queen fr her persnal enjyment.Five hundred years later，a Chinese emperr 2. (build) a huge z t shw his pwer and wealth.Later zs were set up fr the purpse f studying animals.
Sme f the early Eurpean zs3. (cnsist) f dark hles r dirty cages，the bad cnditins f which made peple disgusted.Later the zs 4. (replace) by research centers and animals there were studied and 5. (keep) in gd cnditin.These places became the first mdern zs.As early as the 1940s，scientists 6. (understand) that many kinds f wild animals faced extinctin.Since then，zs 7. (try) t save many endangered species，but relying n zs 8. (save) species is nt enugh.The best methd f prtectin is t leave them in their natural habitat.
Tday，animals in large and natural reserves are fed a balanced diet and 9. (watch) carefully fr any signs f disease with specially trained keepers lking after them and sme hspitals where they can be treated when ill，and all the animals there live a cmfrtable life.Anyway，it is true that z breeding prgrams 10. (play) an imprtant rle in prtecting many species f wildlife nw.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍动物园是怎样产生的，先是有权势的人建造了属于自己的动物园，后是建动物园是为了研究动物。
解析：
1．was established 考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语“arund 3,500 years ag”可知是过去时态。主语The first z和谓语动词establish 是被动关系。故填was established。
2．built 考查动词的时态。句中“five hundred years later”是过去的时间状语，谓语需要用过去式。故填 built。
3．cnsisted 考查动词的时态。本句话的语境是过去，谓语动词用过去式。故填cnsisted。
4．were replaced 考查动词的时态和语态。主语the zs和谓语动词replace 为被动关系，并且是过去时态。故填were replaced。
5．(were) kept 考查动词的时态和语态。animals 与keep之间为被动关系且描述过去的情况，故用一般过去时的被动语态，此处是并列谓语，前面已有be动词were，故可以省略were。故填(were) kept。
6．understd 考查动词的时态。as early as the 1940s是过去的时间状语，谓语要用过去式。故填 understd。
7．have tried/have been trying 考查动词的时态。时间状语为since then，谓语常用现在完成时，此处也可用现在完成进行时表示动作一直持续进行。故填have tried/have been trying。
8．t save 考查非谓语动词。rely n sb.t d sth.“依靠某人做某事”为固定结构。故填t save。
9．(are) watched 考查动词的时态和语态。主语animals和谓语动词watch 是被动关系，且此处与and前面的are fed...为并列关系。故填(are) watched。
10．are playing 考查动词的时态。由时间状语nw可知，此处应该使用现在进行时。故填are playing。
Ⅲ.完成句子
1. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) 我们的任务是画一些给我们印象最深的东西。
We were tasked t draw r paint smething that impressed us mst .
2．(2024·九省联考卷)根据安排，这部电影将于本周五下午2点至3点在学校礼堂放映。
As arranged, the film is t be shwn in the schl hall frm 2：00 t 3：00 this Friday afternn.
3. (2024·九省联考卷)在我们的共同努力下，我们周围的环境将焕然一新。欢迎任何人加入我们！
With ur jint effrts, ur surrundings will take n a new lk . Whever wants t jin us is warmly welcme !
4．(2023·全国乙卷)我感到很自豪，我和我的父母分担家务，这也表明我长大了。
I felt s prud that I shared husewrk with my parents, which als shwed I had grwn up .
5．(2023·全国甲卷)在被广泛认可的中国历史人物中，我认为范仲淹是最有影响力的。
Amng the Chinese histrical figures that are widely acknwledged , Fan Zhngyan is the mst influential in my pinin.
6．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)听到将为我们安排英语口语课的消息，我们兴奋不已。
We're verwhelmed with excitement at the news that an ral English class will be arranged fr us.
7. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)我解释道：“如果我错过了去布拉格的最后一班公交车，我会迟到的，这是非常重要的，我不能错过！”。
“If I miss this last bus t Prague, I'll be late fr the cnference which is s imprtant that I can't affrd t miss it！” I explained .
8. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)当我被邀请上台领奖时，我对我的老师表示感谢。
When I was invited t the stage t receive the award, I expressed my thanks t my teacher.
Ⅳ.写作运用(根据汉语提示完成下面短文，注意动词的时态和语态的运用)
Annuncer Wanted
1.Our schl English bradcast statin is lking fr an annuncer (我们学校英语广播站正在招聘播音员)wh is capable f speaking fluent and authentic English. 2.A gd knwledge f English culture as well as enthusiasm fr the jb is als essential (良好的英语文化知识和对工作的热情是必不可少的)． 3.The new annuncer is expected t read English news and stries (新的播音员被要求朗读英语新闻和故事)written by students, playing English sngs included.
Anyne wh is interested please g t Rm 102 at 9：00 a．m. this Saturday fr an interview. 4.Peple with previus experience and certificates f spken English cntests are preferred (有英语口语竞赛经验及证书者优先)．