2026届高考英语一轮总复习语法悟通专题突破专题2“形”“态”各异的动词第1讲动词的时态语态与主谓一致课件

这是一份2026届高考英语一轮总复习语法悟通专题突破专题2“形”“态”各异的动词第1讲动词的时态语态与主谓一致课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式形式，过去进行时，过去完成时，had＋过去分词，过去将来时，would＋动词原形，现在完成时，一般现在时 ，称单数形式 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一讲　动词的时态、语态与主谓一致
考点突破 · 精讲即练
考点一　动词的时态情景导入At first，Jack wasn't fnd f studying and was addicted t cmputer games.Every time his mther went① t his rm，she fund that he was playing② cmputer games.His father had cndemned③ him many times befre he went t middle schl，s he prmised that he wuld study④ hard and quit cmputer games.
It is amazing that Jack has changed⑤ a lt in the past three years.Whenever asked abut Jack's perfrmance at schl，his mther always answers⑥ prudly，“He has been making⑦ prgress.”He is making⑧ preparatins fr the cllege entrance exam.There is n dubt that Jack will be admitted t⑨ a gd cllege if he keeps wrking hard like this.Maybe in the near future he will be studying⑩ in a key university.
用法感悟①是___________，结构为______________________。②是___________，结构为_________________________。③是___________，结构为____________________。④是___________，结构为______________________。⑤是___________，结构为________________________。⑥是___________，结构为______________________________________________________。
was/were＋现在分词
have/has＋过去分词
谓语动词用动词原形或动词的第三人
⑦是__________________，结构为_____________________。⑧是___________，结构为_____________________________。⑨是___________，结构为_______________。⑩是___________，结构为__________________。
have/has been＋现在分词
am/is/are＋现在分词
will＋be＋现在分词
一、现在时范畴内的4种时态对比(一)一般现在时常用的4种情况1．表示习惯性、经常性的动作或存在的状态。常与表示习惯的副词(短语)always, every time, nw and then, ccasinally, ften, seldm, smetimes, usually等连用。I usually d my hmewrk in the evening every day.我通常每天晚上做作业。
2．主将从现：在以when, till/until, as sn as, by the time, after, befre等引导的时间状语从句和以if, unless, nce等引导的条件状语从句以及n matter＋疑问词， 疑问词＋-ever, even if 等词引导的让步状语从句中，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。If it desn't rain tmrrw, we'll have a trip.如果明天不下雨，我们将去旅行。
3．表示按时间表、时刻表等安排将要发生的动作，但限于少数动词，如g, cme, leave, arrive, begin, start, return, pen, clse, take ff等。The plane takes ff at 9：00.飞机九点起飞。4．表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
(二)现在进行时诠释的2类动作1．表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作；也可以表示当时一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有nw，at present, this week等。Mther is waiting fr me.母亲在等我。What lessn are yu studying this week?你们本周学哪一课了？
2．现在进行时还可表示计划安排好要采取的行动或要做的事情，常用的这类动词主要有g, cme, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, mve, return, stay, stp, d等。“The mment is cming sn，” he thught t himself, waiting nervusly.“这一刻就要来了，”他自思自忖，紧张地等待着。
(三)现在完成时使用的5种情境1．表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，常与 yet, just, befre, recently, nce, lately 等表示过去时间的状语连用。I haven't finished reading the bk yet, s I can't return it t the library.我还没把这本书读完，因此不能把它还给图书馆。2．表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作，常与 s far, up t nw, since last year, in the past/last few years，lately, in recent years等表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间的状语连用。He has wrked here fr ver 20 years.他已经在这里工作了20多年。
3．用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作而发生。He will be back befre I have finished my wrk.我完成工作之前他会回来的。4．在“It/This/that is the first/secnd/third ... time＋that从句”固定句型中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema tgether as a family.这是我们一家人第一次在电影院里看电影。
5．在“It/This is the best (wrst, mst interesting等)＋名词＋从句”固定句型中，从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。This is the mst interesting bk I've ever read.这是我读过的最有趣的一本书。
(四)现在完成进行时的基本内涵现在完成进行时由“have/has＋been＋ding”构成，表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去，常和fr, since引导的时间状语连用。The manager has been telling the wrkers hw t imprve the prgram since 9 a．m.自从上午9点经理就一直在告诉工人们如何改进这一方案。
即时演练(一)单句语法填空1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)The remarkable develpment f this city，which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld, ________ (mean) there is always smething new t discver here，and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.2．As we all knw, the sun _______ (set) in the west.3．Many peple ______________ (seek) a variety f surces fr their happiness. Sme have put their heart and effrt int their wrk.
have sught
4．I ____________________ (write) a reprt abut the envirnment here ver the last few days, which I have t hand in next week.5．The Wrld Health Organizatin warns that millins f peple ________________ (suffer) frm indr air pllutin at the present time, which results frm the use f dangerus fuels and ck-stves at hme.
have been writing
are suffering
二、过去时范畴内的4种时态详析(一)一般过去时的使用原则表示在过去某一时刻、某一时间段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the ther day, just nw, tw days ag, in 2022等。—Haven't seen yu fr ages! Where have yu been?—I went t Ningxia and stayed there fr ne year, teaching as a vlunteer.——好长时间没见到你了！你去哪儿了？——我作为志愿者去宁夏支教了一年。
(二)过去进行时的2种运用1．表示过去某一时刻正在进行或过去某一时间段内一直进行的动作。I was ding my lessns then.那时我在做功课。2．表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有leave, start, arrive, g, cme 等。Jan tld us she was leaving fr Wuhan next Saturday.琼告诉我们她下周六要去武汉。
(三)过去完成时的4种用法1．表示过去某一时间或某一动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态，常与by, by the end f, by the time, befre，until等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句连用。I had put away my cellphne befre my father came back.在我爸爸回来之前我已经把手机收起来了。
2．某些词用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法，意为“本来期望/认为/打算……”。常用的这类动词主要有expect, hpe, plan, suppse, think, intend, mean, want等。We had intended t help yu, but we were t busy t get away.我们本来想帮助你的，但我们忙得脱不开身。
3．在“hardly (scarcely)．”“n ”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……”。Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questins.演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。4．在“It/This/that was the first (secnd, etc.) time＋that从句”固定句型中，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。It was the secnd time that he had wn the electin.那是他第二次在大选中获胜。
(四)过去将来时的一般含义过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。除了使用“wuld＋动词原形”表示外，还可以用be ging t d, be t d, be abut t d等方式表示。Did yu predict that many students wuld sign up fr the dance cmpetitin?你预计将会有很多学生报名参加舞蹈比赛吗？
即时演练(二)单句语法填空1．Thugh the interview _______ (g) well, he realized that cmpared with the ther candidates he didn't have the ability t get the jb.2．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry _____________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 3．I was lucky because that was the secnd time that I ______________ (visit) Russia.
was fixing
had visited
4．Albert Einstein was brn in 1879. As a child, few peple guessed that he ___________________________ (be) a famus scientist whse theries wuld change the wrld. 5．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that _______ (be)previusly unprtected.
wuld be/was ging t be
三、将来时范畴内的3种时态辨析(一)一般将来时的4种用法1．“will/shall＋动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话人临时作出的决定。—Mr. Li is ill in hspital.—Oh, I didn't knw. I'll g t see him tnight.——李老师生病住院了。——哦，我还不知道呢。我今晚去看他。
2．be ging t＋动词原形(1)表示现在打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。(2)表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，推测某事即将发生。Lk at the clud. It's ging t rain.瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。
3．“be abut t＋动词原形”表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用，但可以与when连接的并列句连用。The English Evening is abut t start.英语晚会即将开始。4．“be t＋动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务将要发生的动作，这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意见。Yu are t hand in yur papers by 10 'clck.你要在10点前交上论文。
(二)将来进行时的时间概念将来进行时可用于表示将来某个时刻正在发生的动作或将来某一段时间内正在进行的动作。将来进行时也可以表示已计划好的事。将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如： at this time tmrrw, the day after tmrrw, frm 1：30 t 4：30 tmrrw等。What will yu be ding at this time tmrrw?明天这个时候你将在做什么？
(三)将来完成时的使用依据将来完成时主要表示某一动作到将来某个时间完成，上下文情景中常含有by 的时间状语，如by six 'clck, by the weekend, by the end f next mnth等。We shall have finished the prject by the end f this year.我们将在今年年底完成这项工程。
即时演练(三)完成句子1．到明年的六月份，我们已经毕业了。(graduate)We__________________________________ by the June f next year. 2．他将就急救问题发表演讲。(deliver)He_______________________________ n first aid. 3．我们将在16分钟后在巴黎机场降落。(land)We___________________ in Paris in sixteen minutes.
will have graduated frm schl
is ging t deliver a speech
shall be landing
四、“7组比较”辨清易混时态1．一般现在时与现在进行时的比较一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或反复出现的动作或状态；现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，或现阶段一直进行的动作(说话时未必正在做)。On Mnday mrnings it usually takes me an hur t drive t wrk althugh the actual distance is nly 20 miles.(经常性、习惯性的动作)在星期一的早上，开车上班通常要花费我一个小时的时间，虽然实际距离只有20英里。
Hurry up! Mark and Carl are expecting us.(正在进行的动作)快点！马克和卡罗尔正在等我们。
2．一般现在时与现在完成时的比较一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或反复出现的动作或状态；现在完成时则强调过去发生的动作到现在已完成，或过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。I d all the cking fr my family, but recently I have been t busy t d it.通常由我给家人做饭，但我最近太忙，没时间做了。
3．一般过去时与现在完成时的比较一般过去时表示过去某时刻或过去某段时间发生的动作或情况，常与表示过去的与现在无关的时间状语连用；而现在完成时表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或情况，常与表示包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用；一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况，与现在没什么联系；而现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。I felt very tired when I gt hme, and I went straight t bed.回到家时我感觉非常累，所以就直接去睡觉了。
—Alvin, are yu cming with us?—I'd lve t, but smething unexpected has cme up.——阿尔文，你会跟我们来吗？——我想去，但发生了意想不到的事情。
4．一般过去时与过去完成时的比较一般过去时表示动作发生在过去；而过去完成时表示在过去某个动作发生之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。Tm and I became friends in 2000, althugh we had actually met several years befre.汤姆和我在2000年成为朋友，尽管在那时的几年之前我们就见过面。
5．一般过去时与过去进行时的比较一般过去时仅说明动作发生在过去，不强调动作的延续性；而过去进行时则强调在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。He wrte a nvel last mnth.他上个月写了一部小说。(已经完成小说)He was writing a nvel at this time last mnth.上个月的这个时候他正在写一部小说。(不一定完成小说)
6．一般将来时与将来进行时的比较一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态；而将来进行时强调将来某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。I am busy reviewing my lessns because I will have an exam tmrrw.我正忙着复习功课，因为明天要考试。I can't cme tmrrw, because I will be having an exam at this time tmrrw.我明天来不了，因为明天这个时候我正在考试。
7．现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或造成的结果；而现在完成进行时则表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到现在，并且还在进行，强调动作的延续性。Mary has phned yu.玛丽给你打过电话了。Mary has been phning yu.玛丽一直在给你打电话。
即时演练(四)单句语法填空1．Pwer walking ffers many benefits. Walking at a quick pace f 4 mph ________ (burn) arund 300 calries per hur.2．Nw China _____________ (play) an imprtant rle in glbal ecnmic plicy-making.
is playing
3．Great changes _____________ (take) place in ur hmetwn in the past ten years. 4．Translated fictin sales in the United Kingdm _______ (rise) by 5.5 percent last year, with grwing demand fr Chinese titles, said Nielsen n Wednesday.
have taken
一、时间状语判断法动词的时态，顾名思义就是指动作或状态在不同时间条件下的动词形式，因此时间状语是确定动词时态的最直接的决定因素。【例1】　Silk had becme (becme) ne f the primary gds traded alng the Silk Rad by abut 100 BC.分析：句中by abut 100 BC是表示过去的时间状语，当时间状语是“介词by (不迟于，不晚于)＋过去的某一时间”时，表示动作发生在“过去的过去”，谓语动词应用过去完成时。故填had becme。
【例2】　In the last few years, China has made (make) great achievements in envirnmental prtectin.分析：句意：在最近几年里，中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大成就。句中的时间状语是In the last few years，表示动作“从过去某一时间一直持续到现在”，应用现在完成时；且主语China为单数形式。故填has made。
二、固定句式判断法英语中有一些句式的时态常常是固定的，如果题干中出现这类句式，应注意根据规则选用适当的时态。常见的固定句式如下：(1)be ，when前面的句子常用过去进行时，when后面的句子常用一般过去时。(2)It is/has been＋时间段＋since...表示“自从……以来已……”，主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。(3)祈使句＋and/r＋陈述句，陈述句常用一般将来时。(4)It is (high/abut) time that ，that后面的句子要用一般过去时或shuld＋动词原形。
二、固定句式判断法英语中有一些句式的时态常常是固定的，如果题干中出现这类句式，应注意根据规则选用适当的时态。常见的固定句式如下：(1)be ，when前面的句子常用过去进行时，when后面的句子常用一般过去时。(2)It is/has been＋时间段＋since...表示“自从……以来已……”，主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。
(3)祈使句＋and/r＋陈述句，陈述句常用一般将来时。(4)It is (high/abut) time that ，that后面的句子要用一般过去时或shuld＋动词原形。
【例3】　It is the first time that I have been (be) t Beijing.分析：句意：这是我第一次去北京。提示词为be动词，设空处在句中作谓语，再根据固定句式It is the first time that sb. have/has dne ...确定使用现在完成时。故填have been。
三、语境综合判断法当题干中无时间状语及参照动词，或时间状语和参照动词都不能确定所填词动作的时态时，所填动词的时态由题干的具体意思或动作所发生的语境来决定。【例4】　“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brwn University, says，“because it means (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn is cnstructed.”分析：根据语境可知，这是Carle Pieters说的话，结合excites可知，应用一般现在时，主句是一般现在时，because引导的从句也应用一般现在时，主语是it，该处谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
【例5】　(2023·北京卷)I turned up at the appinted hur fr a dinner, nly t find that n ther guest had arrived (arrive) and my hstess was still in her sleeping suit.分析：句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。根据语境可知，“客人没到场”这一动作发生在“我到场”之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。故填had arrived。
四、时态呼应判断法时态呼应原则也是我们确定具体时态的常用方法。【例6】　He said that ne f the bxes generated (generate) arund $13,500 in revenue a mnth and cst nly abut $400 t rent.分析：句意：他说其中一个箱子每月收入约为13,500美元，租金仅为400美元左右。根据主句中的said可知，that引导的宾语从句时态也应用过去的某种时态，从句陈述客观事实，应用一般过去时。故填generated。
考点二　被动语态情景导入Xia Ming's CellphneXia Ming's cellphne was brken①.I culdn't get thrugh t him while the cellphne was being repaired②.I wanted t infrm him that he had been admitted③ t the basketball club.
Cellphnes are widely used④ nwadays.It seems that they are being used⑤ s frequently that peple have been cntrlled⑥ by them.Smene thinks that cellphnes shuld be restricted⑦ n sme ccasins.Xia Ming's cellphne will be repaired⑧ well sn.Maybe by next Sunday the cellphne will have been brught⑨ hme and will be being used⑩ again.
用法感悟①是____________________，结构为______________________。②是___________________，结构为_________________________。③是____________________，结构为________________________。④是____________________，结构为_______________________。⑤是____________________，结构为________________________。
一般过去时的被动语态
was/were＋过去分词
was/were＋being＋过去分词
过去完成时的被动语态
had been＋过去分词
is/am/are＋过去分词
is/am/are＋being＋过去分词
⑥是_____________________，结构为_______________________。⑦是_____________________，结构为_______________________。⑧是_____________________，结构为__________________。⑨是_____________________，结构为_______________________。⑩是_____________________，结构为_______________________。
现在完成时的被动语态
have/has been＋过去分词
情态动词＋be＋过去分词
will＋be＋过去分词
will＋have been＋过去分词
will＋be＋being＋过去分词
一、各种时态的被动语态形式(以d为例)
After schl we went t the reading rm t d sme reading, nly t be tld that it was being decrated.(过去进行时的被动语态)放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。
【点津】(1)含有情态动词的谓语变为被动语态，由“情态动词(can, may, must, have t，used t等)＋be＋dne”构成；(2)含有be ging t, be t, be abut t等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态，其构成为“be ging t (be t, be abut t)＋be＋dne”。
二、主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况英语中有很多动词，如clean, sell, read, write, wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是物；在这种情况下，常常和easily, well等副词连用。This kind f clth cleans easily.这种布料容易清洗。
【点津】(1)主动语态表被动意义强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。(2)感官动词feel, sund, taste, lk 等后跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，无被动形式。Junk fd tastes delicius but it desn't cntain enugh nutritin.垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。
(3)在need, want, require, deserve, bear 等动词，wrth 等形容词的后面，动词-ing形式用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Yur cmpsitin still requires plishing/t be plished.你的文章还需润色。
(4)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式”中，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, imprtant, impssible, pleasant, interesting等。The prblem is difficult t wrk ut.这个问题很难解决。(可看作省略了fr me)(5)be t rent/blame也属于主动形式表被动意义。Wh is t blame fr the mistake?谁应为这个错误承担责任？
即时演练(五)单句语法填空1．(2023·全国甲卷)Carsn prves that a simple lyric frm that has been passed dwn thrugh the ages can still ______________(emply) tday t draw attentin t imprtant truths.2．When receiving the letter last night, I didn't ntice what __________ (mark) n the back f the letter. 3．Our city is becming a mdern ne. Mre and mre tall buildings __________________ (build) in the last five years.
be emplyed
have been built
4．This listening material, tgether with its CD-ROMs, ________ (sell) well.5．Meetings ___________ (hld) every tw days in the cmpany and he is fed up with them. 6．(2023·1月浙江卷) In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Frbidden City，surrunded in cncentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens f higher scial classes _________________(permit)t live clser t the center f the circles.
were permitted
一、主语动词关系判断法【例1】　Steam engines were used (use) t pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant fr the passengers, with all the smke and nise.分析：句意：车厢由蒸汽机拉动，对于乘客而言在浓烟和噪音下乘车肯定是相当不舒服的。主语Steam engines和use之间是被动关系，且由句中的must have been可知，此处叙述的是过去发生的事情，设空处应用一般过去时的被动语态；又因主语是名词的复数形式，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填were used。
二、动词特点判断法【例2】　This listening material, tgether with its CD-ROMs, sells (sell) well.分析：句意：这些听力材料和它的CD光盘都很畅销。英语中有很多动词，如sell、 read、 write、 clean、 wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是物；在这种情况下，常常和easily、 well等副词连用。此处句子的主语是This listening material，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填sells。
三、含有情态动词的被动语态【例3】　The artist was sure he wuld be chsen (chse), but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr's chief minister, the ld man laughed.分析：句中主语he与chse之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且情态动词wuld后跟动词原形。故填be chsen。
考点三　主谓一致情景导入My deskmate，James，whse parents have been teaching① English in Guangzhu fr ten years, cmes frm the United States，which is ne f the mst develped cuntries in the wrld.He as well as his parents enjys② living in Guangzhu because neither James nr his parents find③ it difficult t adapt t the life in China.In their pinin, many a custm here is④ easy t understand and ten years is⑤ enugh fr them t get used t all the custms.
I，tgether with James，extremely like⑥ English but physics seems rather difficult fr us.Besides, bth he and I are⑦ very fnd f reading strybks，and the Arabian Nights is ne f the mst interesting bks that have been read⑧by us.
Our class is⑨ united as a big family.Nw the class are⑩ preparing fr the cming sprts meet，s large quantities f ur recent time have been spent⑪ n it.What we need is⑫ a qualified cach because being trained prperly is⑬ f great imprtance.We each are all aware that each f us plays⑭ an imprtant rle in ur class.We have decided t hld a celebratin if getting a gd result but when and where we are ging t hld it hasn't been decided⑮ .
用法感悟1．以上黑体部分遵循语法一致原则的是：___________________。 2．以上黑体部分遵循意义一致原则的是：__________。3．以上黑体部分遵循就近一致原则的是：______。
一、就近一致原则1．由r, either ... r ..., neither ... nr ..., nt nly ... but als ..., nt ... but ...等连接的并列名词(短语)或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数常与最邻近的主语保持一致。Either yu r ne f yur classmates is t attend the meeting that is due tmrrw.你或者你同学中的一位要去参加明天召开的会议。
2．由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There are three chairs, a desk and a cmputer in the rm.房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。
二、语法一致原则1．动词-ing形式、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Listening t music makes me feel relaxed after a busy day.忙碌了一天后，听音乐使我感到很放松。
【点津】what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。What he says and des des nt cncern me.他的言行与我无关。What he says and des d nt agree.他的言行不一致。
2．主语后跟有with, tgether with, as well as, like, but, except, alng with, rather than等连接的短语时，谓语动词的数要与连接词前面的主语保持一致。The teacher as well as his students was very excited.老师和学生们都非常激动。
【点津】(1)and, bth ... and ... 连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。The singer and dancer is t attend ur evening party.那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。
(2)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。My friend shwed me arund the twn, which was very attractive.我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇，这个小镇非常迷人。
(3)“many a/mre than ne＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, n所修饰的名词作主语时，即使由and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。Many a parent has t g thrugh this same painful prcess.很多父母不得不经历同样痛苦的过程。Every by and every girl wishes t attend the party t be held n Sunday.每个男生和女生都希望参加周日举行的聚会。
3．“the＋形容词”表示某一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The sick have been cured and the lst have been fund.患病的人被治愈，同时失踪的人也被找到了。4．表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词或短语作主语时通常作为一个整体看待，谓语动词通常用单数形式。Tw thusand miles is a lng distance.两千英里是一段很长的距离。
三、意义一致原则1．集体名词作主语时，如果表示一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示组成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class, team, grup, public, cmmittee, gvernment, audience 等。The whle class were tld t stay behind after schl.全班学生被告知放学后留下。
2．“分数/百分数/the majrity＋f＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于f后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, sme, half, mst, the rest 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。Abut ne third f the bks were written by him.这些书中大约有三分之一是他写的。
即时演练(六)单句语法填空1．Althugh the figure ______ better than expected, there _______ few signs that the eurzne wuld climb ut f recessin any time sn.(be)2．Each instrument and each musician ________ (take) n different functins: sustaining, mdifying, synthesizing and innvating, paired int tw key types f rles supprting and leading.
3．Neither Mary nr her parents _____________________ (infrm) f the exciting news, which surprises us a lt. 4．Up t nw, large quantities f fd ________________________ (distribute) t the peple affected by the terrible earthquake.
have been infrmed
have been distributed
【例1】　Because the number f pssible tpics is (be) practically limitless, we fcus n a sample f the mst interesting and useful applicatins and tls and explain the basic principles f technlgy.分析：the number f ……的数目，后接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。根据主句的时态可知，从句用一般现在时。故填is。