高考英语二模模拟卷01（上海卷）（考试版A3）

这是一份高考英语二模模拟卷01（上海卷）（考试版A3），共8页。
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回
I. Grammar and Vcabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
【原创】题源：VOA Learning English《A Man Rescued a Fx and Fund a Lifelng Cmpanin》
In a quiet muntain village, Mr. Reed, a frest keeper, fund a baby fx 1______ had lst its mther in a heavy strm last winter. The fx, nly a few weeks ld, was hiding under a bush, and Mr. Reed 2______ (never see) such a weak wild animal in his life befre he fund it. He knew 3______ (leave) it alne wuld mean death, s he tk it hme withut a secnd thught.
4______ is nt easy t raise a wild fx, but Mr. Reed tried his best t create a natural envirnment fr it. He named the fx Lucky and fed it with fresh milk every tw hurs, even at midnight. He als built a small wden huse in the yard 5______ ______ Lucky culd have a safe place t sleep n cld nights. As Lucky grew up, it became 6______ (clever) than any ther animal in the village, able t understand Mr. Reed’s simple rders.
One day, Lucky was hurt by a hunter’s trap and 7______ (send) t the village clinic immediately. After recvering, Lucky still fllwed Mr. Reed everywhere, even when he patrlled the frest. Mr. Reed nce tried t set Lucky free, fr he knew wild animals shuld live in nature, but Lucky always came back t him befre dark.
As time went by, the bnd between Mr. Reed and Lucky grew strnger. Lucky wuld bring Mr. Reed fresh fruits frm the frest every mrning, and stay by his side when he was sick. Fr Mr. Reed, Lucky is mre than a wild animal; it is a family member. He ften says that meeting Lucky is the best thing 8______ has ever happened t him, and he will cherish the friendship frever.
Nw, Mr. Reed and Lucky live a peaceful life in the muntain village. The lcal villagers all admire their special bnd, and they have learned t treat every living thing 9______ kindness and respect. This stry als tells us that lve has n bundaries, 10______ it is between humans and humans r humans and animals.
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
【原创】题源：New Scientist （）
Mst f ur genme really is junk
Hw much f ur genme really matters? Sme argue that because mst f ur DNA is active, it must be ding smething imprtant. Others say even randm DNA wuld be highly active.
This has nw been put t the test by studying human cells cntaining 11________ chunks f plant DNA, New Scientist can 12________ reveal – and the effectively randm plant DNA was indeed nearly as active as human DNA.
The finding shws that a high prprtin f genme activity is just nise, rather than having any purpse, and thus adds t the evidence that mst f the human genme is junk. “A large amunt can simply be explained by backgrund nise,” says Brett Adey at the University f Auckland in New Zealand. “This seems t be bradly 13________ with the junk DNA idea.”
The main functin f DNA is t stre the 14________ fr making prteins, the mlecular machines that d almst all the wrk in cells. The DNA recipes are 15________ t make messenger RNA that carry the recipes t prtein-making structures, the cell’s prtein-making factries.
Frm the early days f genetics, the 16________ view was that almst all DNA serves a useful purpse, but we nw knw that just 1.2 per cent f the human genme cdes fr prteins. S what des the rest d? Since the 1960s, the “junk DNA” idea has steadily 17________ amng bilgists. Yes, a small percentage f nn-prtein-cding DNA is really imprtant and we are likely t keep discvering bits that d useful things fr decades, but such discveries, they say, wn’t change the verall picture.
Fr instance, a 2011 study allwed scientists t 18________ that nly arund 5 per cent f the genme is 19________ ver deep time – evlutin desn’t seem t care abut the rest f it. Researchers in the mstly-junk camp als pint ut that the size f genmes varies wildly amng species, which further supprts the idea that mst DNA is nt 20________. This new experiment, cmbining human and plant cells, has strengthened the argument by prving that randm DNA can be active withut any practical functin, challenging the ld view that activity equals usefulness.
II. Reading Cmprehensin (21 –35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分)
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Hw t be mre efficient: stp ‘precrastinating’
Whether r nt we care t admit it, we’re all familiar with prcrastinatin: waiting until the last minute t catch up with pressing tasks, ften leading t subpar (低于标准的)r incmplete wrk. The antidte — while easier said than dne — is simply t start n yur assignments sner, lng befre the cut-ff time. But in yur quest t 21 prcrastinatin, is it pssible t g t far?
David Rsenbaum, a prfessr f psychlgy at the University f Califrnia, Riverside, certainly think s. His research fcuses n the perils f “precrastinatin”, the 22 t rush t quickly int tasks. It can 23 an expenditure f unnecessary effrt that culd be avided with a bit f planning — in ther wrds, haste makes waste.
24 a prcrastinatr, wh might leave an inbx full f emails untuched until the next day, a precrastinatr wuld read and respnd t each f them first thing in the mrning. 25 they knw mst f the emails are unimprtant, they wuld chse t clear them ff as sn as pssible. In sme cases, this can mean draining the precius energy they might need fr a mre 26 task later n.
S why d peple precrastinate? Rsenbaum says that fr mst, it’s tugh t 27 reaching fr lw-hanging fruit. If smething is immediately 28 t yu, yu’re instinctively wired t g fr it. Think abut the sweet attractin f free fd samples at the market. 29 , when yu cmplete simple shrt-term tasks, yu have ne fewer thing t think abut — “I can wrap this up in five minutes. Why nt take care f it nw?” Persnality 30 such as cnscientiusness, eagerness t please and high energy can predict precrastinatin behavirs, Rsenbaum says, but the evlutinary impulse behind them is universal.
The real 31 f precrastinatin cmes when, in yur rush t finish, yu encunter the naturally higher chance f ding yur wrk incmpletely r inaccurately. In the case f emails, smetimes waiting t 32 can shw respect fr careful thught ver expediency, especially if the cntent f the message is emtinal.
Of curse, precrastinatin is nt withut its 33 , but it’s critical t d s nly when it makes sense. Chrnic precrastinatrs must als realize that it’s OK t 34 trivial things, because they will nt require huge mental energy later in the day, Rsenbaum says.
He argues that the managers f tday wuld be wise t acknwledge that it’s nt always best t d everything as quickly as pssible. “It shuld be agreed in ur sciety that it’s kay t smell the flwers,” he says. “T be 35 , mindful and t be allwed t slw dwn.”
21．A．beatB．enhanceC．adaptD．reveal
22．A．feasibilityB．tendencyC．pssibilityD．activity
23．A．rise frmB．result frmC．result inD．end with
24．A．With regards tB．In terms fC．In respnse tD．As ppsed t
25．A．Only ifB．Even ifC．As ifD．What if
26．A．cmmnB．minrC．specialD．urgent
27．A．vercmeB．realizeC．senseD．resist
28．A．desirableB．availableC．apprachableD．agreeable
29．A．EspeciallyB．FairlyC．SimilarlyD．Arguably
30．A．traitsB．drawbacksC．themesD．strengths
31．A．upsideB．dwnsideC．featureD．value
32．A．respndB．readC．reflectD．edit
33．A．shrtcmingsB．interestsC．benefitsD．imprvements
34．A．take nB．set asideC．put frwardD．break dwn
35．A．intentinalB．imaginativeC．deliberateD．impulsive
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
Knwing that Mrs. Mallard was affected with a heart truble, great care was taken t break t her as gently as pssible the news f her husband’s death.
It was her sister Jsephine wh tld her, in brken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, t, near her. It was he wh had been in the newspaper ffice when intelligence f the railrad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list f “killed.” He had nly taken the time t assure himself f its truth by a secnd telegram, and had hastened t frestall any less careful, less tender friend in bearing the sad message.
She did nt hear the stry as many wmen have heard the same, with a paralyzed inability t accept its significance. She wept at nce, with sudden, wild abandnment, in her sister’s arms. When the strm f grief had spent itself she went away t her rm alne. She wuld have n ne fllw her.
There std, facing the pen windw, a cmfrtable, rmy armchair. Int this she sank, pressed dwn by a physical exhaustin that haunted her bdy and seemed t reach int her sul.
There was smething cming t her and she was waiting fr it, fearfully. What was it? She did nt knw; it was t subtle and elusive t name. But she felt it, creeping ut, reaching tward her thrugh the sunds, the scents, the clr that filled the air.
Nw she was beginning t recgnize this thing that was appraching t pssess her, and she was striving t beat it back with her will — as pwerless as her tw white slender hands wuld have been. When she abandned herself a little whispered wrd escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it ver and ver under the breath: “free, free, free!” The vacant stare and the lk f terrr that had fllwed it went frm her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the cursing bld warmed and relaxed every inch f her bdy.
There wuld be n ne t live fr during the cming years; she wuld live fr herself. There wuld be n pwerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and wmen believe they have a right t impse a private will upn a fellw-creature.
“Free! Bdy and sul free!” she kept whispering.
She arse at length and pened the dr. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a gddess f Victry. She clasped her sister’s waist, and tgether they descended the stairs. Richards std waiting fr them at the bttm.
Smene was pening the frnt dr with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard wh entered, a little travel-stained, cmpsedly carrying his grip-sack and umbrella. He had been far frm the scene f the accident, and did nt even knw there had been ne. He std amazed at Jsephine’s piercing cry; at Richards’ quick mtin t screen him frm the view f his wife.
When the dctrs came they said she had died f heart disease — f the jy that kills.
36．Why des the authr include the detail abut Mrs. Mallard’s heart cnditin in the first paragraph?
A．T freshadw the ending and make it believable.
B．T explain why she needed Mr. Mallard t care fr her.
C．T alert the readers t the ptential harm f heart attacks.
D．T reinfrce the ntin that wmen are weak.
37．The underlined wrd “frestall” in the secnd paragraph is clsest in meaning t ________.
A．predictB．begC．preventD．prpse
38．At the end f the stry, we learn that Mr. Mallard ________.
A．was cheating n Mrs. Mallard with Jsephine
B．made up the entire stry t play a jke n his wife
C．jumped ff the train befre it crashed
D．was never even n the train in the first place
39．What might have led t the death f Mrs. Mallard?
A．The excitement at the thught that she wuld sn enjy freedm
B．The shck upn the sight f her husband walking in while she thught he was dead
C．The late arrival f the dctrs wh failed t save her in time
D．The sadness that struck her when she was infrmed f her husband’s deaths
(B)
40．Which f the fllwing is a crrect match fr the plant and its features?
A．Giant Sequia: thick bark and quick grwth.
B．Fireweed: fast regrwth and wind-spread branches.
C．Pndersa Pine: strng lwer branches and big canpy.
D．Califrnia Lilac: hard seed cat and inactivity after fires.
41．A muntainus regin has just experienced its first majr wildfire in years. The fire burned extremely ht, leaving behind deep layers f ash and expsed sil. The area is expected t remain pen, with strng seasnal winds blwing acrss it. Which plant wuld mst likely t reclnise this envirnment?
A．Giant Sequia.B．Fireweed.
C．Pndersa Pine.D．Califrnia Lilac
42．Where wuld yu mst likely find the abve piece f infrmatin?
A．In a travel guide abut Califrnia frests.
B．In a gardening magazine fcused n dmestic plants.
C．In a newspaper reprt n recent Califrnia wildfires.
D．In a field guide abut fire-adapted plants.
(C)
This summer scientists drilled deep belw the Atlantic Ocean ff the cast f nrtheastern US and tapped int a huge, mysterius reservir f freshwater — what they discvered culd have big implicatins fr a wrld struggling with an increasingly severe water crisis. The existence f freshwater beneath the Atlantic has been knwn fr decades, but it had remained virtually unexplred.
Then, in 2019, scientists frm Wds Hle Oceangraphic Institutin and Clumbia University annunced a ‌“surprising discvery.” Using electrmagnetic waves, they had mapped a gigantic swath f fresh water belw the cean, stretching alng the shre frm Massachusetts t New Jersey, and pssibly farther. ‌“It appears t be the largest such frmatin yet fund in the wrld,” the scientists said in a statement at the time. It raised big questins: hw did it get there? Hw ld is the water? Is it being replenished (补充)? And, imprtantly: Culd castal aquifers (地下蓄水层) like this prvide a new freshwater resurce fr a thirsty wrld? The vast reservir ff the US cast is just ne f many believed t be hidden under the wrld’s ceans.
A team f internatinal scientists decided t lk fr answers — that meant drilling directly int the aquifer. They spent three mnths ffshre, prbing between arund 1,000 t 1,300 feet beneath the sea flr at different lcatins t pull up sediments (沉淀物) and water samples. They discvered water with salt cntent well belw sea water and arund the level at which US and internatinal agencies advise fr drinkable water.
Anther mystery t unravel is the age f the water. It culd be 200 years ld, it culd be 20,000 years ld, said Brandn Dugan, a gephysics prfessr at the Clrad Schl f Mines and a leader n the expeditin. The presence f yunger water wuld suggest the reserve is being replenished; lder water wuld indicate it’s a finite resurce that is nt recharging. They shuld have the answers in arund six mnths, Dugan said. The scientists will als run tests t determine the water’s rigin — it may have cme frm a melting glacier r frm rain.
Knwing the rigin will help reveal ‌“hw these systems have evlved ver time,” Dugan said. Scientists can then apply this understanding t ther areas where there is evidence f ffshre freshwater aquifers, such as Indnesia, Australia and Suth Africa. It will als help them figure ut hw these undersea freshwater resurces are changing as glbal sea level rises, whether they are grwing r shrinking. ‌“Answering these questins is imprtant fr predicting hw we might use the water in the future,” Michael said.
There are plenty f practical prblems t wrk thrugh first, hwever. Water is heavy and bringing it up and transprting it t shre will ptentially be very energy intensive and expensive. There’s the questin f wh will manage, treat and pay fr the water, which will be pulled frm federal waters befre being sent t states and then cities.
Then there’s the technical prblem f ensuring the freshwater desn’t get cntaminated by the salty water that lies abve and belw it. “Pumping culd als lead t cntaminatin f nshre aquifers if the tw systems are cnnected,” Attias said. “Tapping ffshre grundwater will be expensive,” Michael said. “Prtecting the fresh water we have n land is still the best thing we can curse, that desn’t mean we shuldn’t lk fr alternate ptins, which is why we are ding this science.‌”
Dugan is ptimistic abut the ptential. “All the pieces exist. It’s just a case f time,” he said. He estimates it will take arund 10 years befre ffshre aquifers culd be prperly tapped. Dugan said. “We can take what we’ve learned in this pstage stamp f New England and start thinking abut hw it relates t ther areas.‌”
43．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing statement is TRUE abut underwater aquifer?
A．Scientists first fund freshwater belw the Atlantic Ocean in 2019.
B．The water riginates entirely frm melting glaciers.
C．The salt cntent f the water is suitable fr drinking.
D．The technlgy t tap the water is nw available.
44．What can be inferred frm the passage abut the age f the water in the aquifer?
A．The age will directly determine the water’s market value
B．It is a key factr in assessing the sustainability f the resurce.
C．Older water is preferable because it is purer.
D．Scientists have already reached an agreement n the water age.
45．The authr discusses the “technical prblems” in the last few paragraphs primarily t ________.
A．criticize the current inefficiency f water management plicies
B．explain why prtecting n-land freshwater remains the best ptin
C．demnstrate the superirity f this new resurce ver thers
D．highlight the bstacles that must be vercme befre practical use
46．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Predictin abut a Vast Undersea Freshwater Discvery
B．Unlcking the secrets f Ancient Water Beneath the Atlantic
C．The Challenges f Tapping int Undersea Freshwater
D．Old Wisdm Saving Mdern Peple frm Water Crises
Sectin C
Directins: Read the fllwing passages. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Human beings are scial creatures. We build bnds, cultivate friendships, and nurture family ties in hpes f finding lve, supprt, and understanding. Ideally, these relatinships becme safe havens where we can share ur deepest thughts, wrries, and vulnerabilities withut fear f judgment. 47 Why is this the case? Why wuld we share ur fears with a therapist, a fellw traveler n a train, r even an annymus vice n the internet rather than with ur spuse, sibling, r best friend? The answer lies in the intricate interplay between psychlgy, scial expectatins, and human emtin.
There’s smething yu’ve been dying t get ff yur chest but yu dn’t want t live in the reality f a wrld where this secret is nt. If yu share it with a stranger, yu release the tensin and still keep yur persnal wrld away frm it. 48 Yu’ll literally tell them anything in the wrld. This uncertainty between us ushers in a certain ease; the judgement f strangers matters little because it’s unlikely ne will crss paths with them again. The absence f attachment we feel twards a stranger during ur interactins, cupled with the fact that there are hardly any repercussins (恶果), lead t a sense f relative safety, encuraging emtinal expressin and disclsure.
49 Our interactins with strangers lack the baggage f these dynamics. When talking t strangers, hwever, ne can share highly persnal infrmatin withut damaging their reputatin within ne’s scial circle. The spuse is a friend, ften a c-parent, als a lver, and hpefully, an advcate f ur wrk. Our parents have yur entire life’s histry in their head and friends are familiar with which the persn what we shuld t be. When we need cmfrt, we’re unsure which f their rles these peple might play- and wary that it might be a rle that gives us smething ther than the uncnditinal supprt we’re lking fr in the mment. S, we cnfide in smene else altgether.
Cnversatins with strangers, n the cntrary, can thus allw us t reexamine ur lives thrugh a new lens. Strangers ffer the unique advantage f prviding fresh perspectives and bjective viewpints, ffering unbiased advice and impartial pinins. 50 That is ne f the reasns that we can find slace in the validatin and supprt ffered by strangers, which they were therwise denied by the peple in their lives. Mrever, we dn’t necessarily have t wrry abut bkending everything we say with scial niceties. This als increases the appeal f the advice we might receive frm strangers in return: they can be blunt in their takes because they t dn’t have t wrry abut the way we might feel abut their respnses.
IV. Summary Writing (10分)
51．Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Sweetness: The Silent Killer in Disguise
Imagine starting yur day with a flavred ygurt, sipping sda at lunch, and ending with a “healthy” granla bar. Yu’d be shcked t learn these daily chices may cntain ver 50g f added sugar — far exceeding the WHO’s recmmended 25g limit. This uncnscius intake is just the first step tward a chain f health risks, as excessive sugar disrupts ur bdies in ways we ften ignre.
Sugar’s mst immediate threat lies in its metablic disruptin. When cnsumed in excess, fructse (果糖) verlads the liver, cnverting int fat and triggering insulin (胰岛素) resistance. This prcess nt nly raises bld sugar levels but als lays the grundwrk fr type 2 diabetes, as cnfirmed by Harvard research linking high-sugar diets t a 26% higher diabetes risk.
Beynd metablism, sugar wages war n the heart. A study in JAMA Internal Medicine revealed that adults cnsuming 25% f calries frm sugar faced three times the risk f heart-related death. Sugar irritates bld vessels, raises “bad” chlesterl (LDL), and speeds up artery hardening. Research frm the University f Califrnia shws that drinking just ne sugary drink daily increases heart disease risk by 20%.
New research shws hw sugar harms the brain. UCLA studies fund that diets high in sugar make the hippcampus smaller, which weakens memry and learning. Sugar addictin wrks like drug addictin, causing strng sugar cravings that take ver clear thinking. A 2025 Neurscience study fund that sugar cnsumptin ptentially causes memry prblems, restlessness and shrter attentin spans.
Breaking free requires mindful chices: check labels fr hidden sugars, replace sdas with flavred water, and enjy fruits’ natural sweetness. Simple changes, such as picking dark chclate ver candy, can help. Every spnful f sugar is a decisin — chse wisely fr yur health’s future.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V. Translatin (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分)
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
52．这项新政策对员工和公司都大有裨益。 (as…as)

53．对于一家老字号品牌而言，如何才能保持吸引力？ (take)

54．随着幕布升起，首次亮相的演员们随着音乐的节拍尽情载歌载舞。(With)

55．上周二，我在一家二手书店淘到了一本漫画书，虽略显陈旧，但插图生动、文字清晰，堪称物超所值。 (wrth)

VI. Guided Writing （25分）
56．Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
你是明天中学的一名高三学生李华。你们学校将邀请来自英国的大学教授Peter Brwn来访参观。你负责和他联系，他给你发了一封电子邮件（内容如下），请根据他在电子邮件中提出的要求写一封回信。内容须包括：
1) 具体的活动安排；
2) 活动安排的理由。
Dear Li Hua,
I’m a prfessr frm the UK. I’m very interested in Chinese educatin and campus life. I’ll visit yur schl next mnth and wuld like t spend a day experiencing schl life there. Culd yu please design a ne-day schedule fr me and explain yur reasns fr the arrangement?
Yurs,
Peter Brwn
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A. cnventinal B. cnserve C. exclusively D. massive E. prevail F. initially
G. cnsistent H. recipe I. cpy J. estimate K. functinal
Living with Fire: Surviving the Frest Wildfires f Califrnia
Califrnia wildfires can cause devastating damage t prperty and human lives. But fr plant species that have lived fr thusands f years in the fire-prne Sierra Nevada, frest fires are an expected part f the natural envirnment. This infgraphic intrduces fur different Califrnia plant species, all with different adaptatins t fire.
Giant Sequia·Sequiadendrn giganteum
The giant sequia is the typical example f a fire-adapted plant species. One f the largest trees in the wrld, giant sequias grw particularly well in the mineral sil expsed by wildfire. Giant sequias als have thick bark that prtects them frm lw-severity fires. Because yunger trees may catch fire easily, giant sequia trees grw quickly as anther adaptatin t fire-prne envirnments.
Fire-Resistant Bark
Mature trees can have bark up t 2 feet thick, althugh 6-8inches is mre cmmn. This species grws t a height f 250feet-abut the wing span f a Being 747.
Seed Germinatin (发芽)
Giant sequia seeds germinate particularly well in mineral sil — the sil layer belw the needles and decmpsed material n frest flr that is expsed after fires burn.
Fireweed·Chamerin angustiflium
After a wildfire, fireweed is ne f the first plants t re-grw in burned areas. Like many ther plants that grw in penings created by fire, fireweed seeds are spread by wind. This allws the plant t reach newly burned areas, even if the parent plant is far away. Fireweed is an imprtant pst-disturbance species because it can recycle nutrients frm burned sil. In fact, it was ne f the mst abundant species t reclnize Munt St. Helens after the 1980 vlcanic eruptin.
Wind-spread Seeds
Each fireweed plant can prduce 80,000 seeds per year. These small seeds are dispersed by wind, allwing fireweed t quickly establish clnies in newly disturbed areas.
Pndersa Pine·Pinus pndersa
Pndersa pine has thick bark plates that prtect the tree’s interir and help the tree survive mst fires. Mature trees can withstand high-severity fires, and even yung trees can survive lw-intensity fires. These trees als drp their lwer branches as they grw. With less fuel near the grund, there’s less chance that fire will spread frm the grund up int the living canpy (树冠) tree, destrying the pine needles required fr phtsynthesis. Finally, pndersa pine trees have deep rts that are less likely t be damaged by fire.
Fire-Resistant Bark
The bark f mature pndersa pine trees is thick and plated. This fire-resistant bark cvers a very mist cre that als helps t get rid f heat frm wildfires.
Califrnia Lilac·Ceanthus crdulatus
Califrnia Lilac seeds are cvered by an extremely hard seed cat. Wildfires crack pen this cating, which then allws water t reach the seed and begin the spruting prcess. Seedlings seldm sprut if there is n fire t begin the prcess f germinatin. In fact, Califrnia lilac seeds can lie inactive fr hundreds f years until the next wildfire, althugh the areas where Califrnia lilac grws naturally experience fire every ne r tw decades.
Buried Seeds
Califrnia Lilac seeds buried within the sil can withstand fires as ht as 220°F (105℃)
Sil Seed Bank
Because seeds require fire t germinate, drpped seeds accumulate in sil “seed banks” every year. In sme frests, there are almst 2 millin Califrnia lilac seeds per acre f sil.
A．Yet, paradxically, many f us discver that it is smetimes easier t cnfide in a stranger than in smene clse t us.
B．Smetimes we chse nt t pen ur hearts t family r friends, nt because we dn’t trust them, but because we fear burdening them r altering the relatinship.
C．They allw us t get ut f ur heads and break up that negative self-fcus, and prevent the train f negative circular thinking.
D．Scial cnnectins built ver time cme with assumptins, judgments, and expectatins, which can inhibit individuals frm fully expressing themselves.
E．Perhaps the paradx f intimacy is that the clser we are t smene, the easier it becmes t take them fr granted.
F．When yu knw yu wn’t see the persn again, yu’re a little t cmfrtable.