2026届高三英语二轮复习课件：阅读之基本能力培养　第一讲　词——4方法扫除障碍词（含解析）

这是一份2026届高三英语二轮复习课件：阅读之基本能力培养　第一讲　词——4方法扫除障碍词（含解析），共24页。PPT课件主要包含了v记录记载，adj可再生的等内容，欢迎下载使用。
方法一　人名地名某某名,快速略过如果在阅读中遇见人名、地名、作品名(常用斜体)、报刊名(常用斜体)、物种名、机构组织名等,我们不需要弄明白其具体意思,可以根据上下文将其转换为“某人”“某地”“某组织”“某作品”等,加快阅读速度。这些词一般不会影响我们对文章大意的理解。
典题示例(2025·全国二卷阅读A篇)Herefrd,Herefrdshire Herefrd has remained a lively market twn since 1189.Skirting the twn square,yu’ll find lvely shps,eateries,and the Black and White Huse Museum.The Herefrd Cathedral is the mst impressive building in twn.It’s als hme t an ancient library.One f the fur riginal cpies f the Magna Carta is displayed there.
词汇清障某地(Herefrd),某地(Herefrdshire)某地(Herefrd)自1189年以来一直是一个热闹的集镇。绕着城镇广场,你会发现温馨的商店、餐馆和某博物馆(the Black and White Huse Museum)。某大教堂(The Herefrd Cathedral)是镇上最宏伟的建筑。它也是一个古老图书馆的所在地。某文献(the Magna Carta)的四个原始副本之一就陈列在此处。
方法二　全然陌生障碍词,巧用逻辑如果在阅读中遇到纯粹的生词或生僻短语,我们可以借助上下文的逻辑关系猜测词义,常见的方法有利用定义、定语从句、同位语等猜测词义;借助对比、同义或反义表达猜测词义;通过因果、转折关系猜测词义;根据所举的例子反推词义。
典题示例　　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B篇)He’s ne f a small but grwing number f American veterinarians (兽医) nw practicing“hlistic”medicine—cmbining traditinal Western treatments with acupuncture,chirpractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
词汇清障找准逻辑关系巧判词义:形容词hlistic后紧跟破折号引领的动词-ing结构进行解释说明,结合下文“cmbining traditinal Western treatments with acupuncture”可知,此处“hlistic”medicine表示将传统的西方疗法与针灸、按摩疗法和草药相结合的“全面”疗法。
方法三　熟词探源引生义,借助语境课标词汇数量是有限的,但是高考对课标词汇的义项考查是没有限制的,命题者会在试题中使用一些学生熟悉的单词,但其含义是较为陌生的,需要学生结合语境仔细推敲来确定。
典题示例(2025·全国一卷阅读C篇)Mst famusly,a Canadian jurnalist wh had mved her family t Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign t stp the destructin f her lcal park.Describing her alarm at its prpsed replacement with an expressway,Jane Jacbs called n her mayr (市长) t champin“New Yrk as a decent place t live,and nt just rush thrugh.”
词汇清障champin熟义为“冠军”,根据上文“called n her mayr (市长) t”可知,此处champin为动词,再结合下文引号中的内容“New Yrk as a decent place t live...(把纽约当作一个适合居住的地方……)”可知,此处在介绍Jane Jacbs呼吁市长去支持或捍卫一个理念,结合语境猜测此处表示“支持,捍卫”。
典题示例(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B篇)Leigh Tindale’s dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin.After Charlie had a heart attack,Tindale says,she was prepared t put him t sleep,but Farber’s treatments eased her dg’s suffering s much that she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths.
词汇清障cnditin熟义为“状态,情况”,根据上文“serius heart”,再结合下文“had a heart attack”和“Farber’s treatments eased her dg’s him alive fr an additinal five mnths”可知,此处在介绍Charlie的心脏健康问题,结合语境猜测此处表示“疾病”。
方法四　长难单词巧拆解,善用构词法典题示例派生法:由词缀(前缀和后缀)和词根相结合构成单词的方法(2025·全国一卷阅读B篇)As a new unit started,I asked everyne t write a persuasive piece n a health-related tpic f their chice.词汇清障persuade (v.说服)+-ive (形容词后缀)→persuasive adj.有说服力的
典题示例转化法:把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法　　(2025·全国一卷阅读A篇)Batteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can plug int existing systems and services.New slid-state batteries will take a car farther n a single charge.词汇清障常规词性:v.充电。文中词性:n.(一次)充电量 (the amunt f electricity a battery hlds)。
典题示例合成法:由两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新单词的方法　　(2025·全国一卷阅读B篇)Fr the next tw assignments,a persnal-narrative① unit fllwed by a creative-writing② wrkshp,I nly required that the piece meet the specificatins f its genre (体裁) and that it cntain a thesis.
词汇清障①persnal(个人的)+narrative(叙述的,故事体的)→persnal-narrative个人叙事的②creative(有创造力的)+writing(写作)→creative-writing 创意写作;创造性写作
Ⅰ.选出下列句中加黑单词的汉语意思
1ActA.n.行为,行动　B.n.法案　C.v.行动①It was a mment f cnnectin,a bridge built between cultures thrugh the simple act f sharing my name.(2025·全国二卷满分作文)　　　 
②She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D) 　　　 ③Under this Act,all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C) 　　　 
2subjectA.n.主题　　　B.n.实验对象　C.adj.取决于;视……而定D.n.(文学、艺术作品中描写的)人物,对象①Mre than nce,I fund myself wndering just hw my students, wh’d created these peple,knew their subjects s well.(2025·全国一卷阅读B)　　　 ②AI will affect us all,and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject,this is it.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D)　　　 
③We ffer schlarships t lw-incme schls and yuth rganizatins,subject t availability.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读A)　　　 ④Our yung subjects cmprehended the questins and knew exactly what was asked f them.(2022·全国乙卷完形填空)　　　 
3 practiceA.n.练习　　　B.n.习惯;习俗　C.v.从事(医生、 律师等职业)①Dctrs practice medicine and lawyers practice law and yu shuld allw yurself the practice it takes t sustain a plant.(2025·全国二卷阅读C)　　　　;　　　　 ②The mre time yu spend in any given cuntry,the mre cmfrtable yu’ll begin t feel with its freign cultural practices.(2022·全国甲卷七选五)　　　 
Ⅱ.根据语境和构词法写出加黑单词的词性和汉语意思1.In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct,researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D)dcument n.文件,(计算机)文档→　　　　　　　　　　　　 
2.This energy transitin (变革) is glbal,and the amunt f renewable energy the wrld will need is “a little bit mind-blwing,”says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the Natinal Renewable Energy Labratry.(2025·全国一卷阅读A)
①renewable:re-(又;再)+new+-able(可……;能……)→　　　　　　 ②mind-blwing:mind(思想,头脑)+blw(打击,重击)+-ing(形容词后缀)→　　　　　　　　　　　　　 
adj.令人惊奇的,令人兴奋的