【英语】河南省三门峡市2025-2026学年高一上学期期末检测试题（学生版+解析版）

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第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A special place t stay can make a hliday — but als break the bank. We have picked new affrdable places in Brklyn, New Yrk fr $150 a rm a night r less.
Arl Williamsburg Htel
Searching fr a rm with a view? Well, lk n further. Many f the 126 rms at this htel have flr-t-ceiling windws lking ut acrss Manhattan. There’s als a vast rftp pl — yu’ll have a hard time finding a better spt frm which t survey the skyline. T explre Brklyn, free-t-use bicycles are available n request.
NU Htel
There are 93 minimalist rms at NU Htel, each decrated individually. Free breakfast and n-site fitness centre are amng its pleasantness. But it’s the lcatin that really sets this htel apart frm its cmpetitrs. All crners f Brklyn are within easy reach. Hungry? Walk dwn t Gus’s Chp Huse at Unin Street, where every dish is delicius.
The Bx Huse Htel
The 147-rm Bx Huse Htel makes an ideal base frm which t explre Brklyn’s Greenpint. There’s a hmely feel t the accmmdatin here, and the decratins are anything but stuffy. This ppular residential area has n shrtage f fd and drink ptins. Plus, yu’re nly a 10 minute walk up t the Grand Central Statin.
The Rckaway Htel
This beach-side prperty has 53 rms. The relaxed rftp restaurant and bar has views f bth the distant Manhattan skyline and ut t the Atlantic. Relax by the pl in the spa, r head t the beach where summer sun, sand and surf await yu. Fr $4 the Jamaica Bay ferry takes yu direct t Brklyn and then int Manhattan.
1. What is the biggest advantage f NU Htel?
A. Free breakfast.B. Cnvenient lcatin.
C. On-site fitness centre.D. Delicius fd in Gus’s Chp Huse.
2. Hw can guests get t Brklyn and Manhattan frm The Rckaway Htel?
A. By walking fr 10 minutes.B. By driving a car.
C. By taking the Jamaica Bay ferry.D. By using free bicycles.
3. What d Arl Williamsburg Htel and The Rckaway Htel have in cmmn?
A. Have ver 100 rms.B. Offer free transprtatin t Manhattan.
C. Are lcated in Brklyn’s Greenpint.D. Have rms with views f Manhattan.
B
At 5:45 am, the sun rises ver Gmbe Natinal Park in East Africa. Fllwing Jane Gdall’s research methd, ur grup heads t the frest t visit chimps (黑猩猩). Jane has studied these chimp families fr years, helping peple realize hw similar their behavirs are t humans. Our first task is t watch a chimp family wake up — we return t the tree where they slept the night befre. We sit quietly in the shade as the chimps wake up and mve ut, then fllw them int the frest. Chimps mstly feed r grm each ther t shw affectin. Thugh we end up tired and dirty by afternn, the evening rewards us: we watch a mther chimp play with her babies and then sleep tgether in their nest, realizing the strng bnd in chimp families is as tight as that in human families.
Befre Jane, n ne fully understd chimp behavir. She had dreamed f wrking with animals in their natural habitat since childhd, but this was challenging. When she arrived in Gmbe in 1960, it was rare fr a wman t live in the frest. Only with her mther’s help in the first few mnths culd she start her prject. Her discveries changed peple’s views: she fund that chimps hunt and eat meat (previusly thught t live n fruits and nuts) and uncvered their cmmunicatin ways and scial systems thrugh bserving their bdy language.
Fr 40 years, Jane has advcated fr chimps’ prtectin, arguing wild animals shuld stay in the wild and nt be used fr entertainment r ads. She helped establish safe habitats fr them. Despite a busy life, she remains cmmitted t her cause. She has achieved all her gals: wrking with animals in the wild, earning a dctrate, and prving wmen can thrive in the frest. She cntinues t inspire thse wh cheer wmen’s achievements.
4. What d we knw abut the authr’s visit t the chimps?
A. They visited the chimps in the afternn.
B. They helped the chimps grm each ther.
C. They felt the trip wrthwhile in the evening.
D. They lived with the chimps in their nest at night.
5. Which f the fllwing best reflects the lng-term impact f Jane’s wrk?
A. Mre families visit Gmbe.B. Peple nw appreciate chimps in a new way.
C. Peple nw live clser t chimps.D. Mre scientists study frest animals.
6. Why was Jane’s prject hard t start at first?
A. She lacked enugh research funds.
B. She had n prir experience with chimps.
C. The chimps were t dangerus t apprach.
D. Wmen were rarely allwed t live in the frest then.
7. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T call n peple t prtect wild animals.
B. T explain the similarities between chimps and humans.
C. T describe the authr’s amazing trip t Gmbe Natinal Park.
D. T intrduce Jane Gdall’s research n chimps and her achievements.
C
Knwn wrldwide as the “lungs f the planet,” the Amazn rainfrest spans nine natins, functining as a vital habitat fr millins f species and a massive strage fr carbn. Even as it encunters severe threats frm climate change and widespread defrestatin (砍伐森林), a recent study has made a shcking revelatin: the rainfrest’s trees are in fact grwing larger in size.
A team f nearly 100 researchers tracked the size f trees in 188 plts acrss the Amazn rainfrest frm 1971 t 2015. They fund that the average tree size — cvering bth small and large trees — rse by 3.3 percent per decade.
This grwth is tied t the increasing levels f atmspheric carbn dixide (CO2). “Large trees play a crucial rle in absrbing atmspheric CO2, which in turn acts as a fertilizer t feed them. The greater availability f atmspheric CO2 caused by climate change enhances phtsynthesis (光合作用), accelerating tree grwth,” nted Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, jint lead authr f the study.
While the tree grwth delivers encuraging news, the research als highlights significant risks. Trees may becme mre vulnerable t ther climate-induced factrs, such as drughts, heatwaves, and wildfires. Human activities like defrestatin and the expansin f rads and farmland culd als weaken the trees’ capacity t absrb CO2.
“Althugh ur research shws that trees in intact (完整的) frests are still increasing in size, the carbn sink benefits f this grwth can be easily canceled ut by defrestatin and lgging impacts. Our results indicate that the Amazn rainfrest is highly resilient t climate change. My cncern is that this resilience will be meaningless unless we can put an end t defrestatin itself,” Esquivel-Muelbert stated.
8. What can we learn abut climate change frm the Amazn trees’ grwth?
A. It merely harms nature.B. It makes trees grw faster everywhere.
C. It has n effect n frests.D. It can bring unexpected effects t nature.
9. What des “vulnerable” (underlined in Paragraph 4) mst prbably mean?
A. Sensitive.B. Accustmed.C. Cmmitted.D. Essential.
10. What des Esquivel-Muelbert imply abut resilience?
A. It slves emissins.B. It relies n lgging.
C. It will vanish sn.D. It needs anti-defrestatin.
11. What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A. The imprtance f the Amazn rainfrest.
B. Hw CO2 affects Amazn tree grwth.
C. Amazn trees grwing larger but threatened.
D. Defrestatin and its Amazn impacts.
D
Humans’ thinking is greatly affected by the grup arund them. This phenmenn, called herd mentality, describes the tendency f individuals t adpt the behavirs, beliefs, and attitudes f the grups t which they belng. It shapes ur thughts and decisins, ften withut cnscius awareness. Frm scial media trends t cnsumer behavir patterns, herd mentality affects hw we think and act. But are we actually independent thinkers, r are we simply fllwing the crwd?
Herd mentality has develpmental rts. Fr early humans, survival depended n grup chesin (凝聚力). Thse wh stayed with the tribe enjyed prtectin and access t resurces, while lners faced threats alne. Over generatins, this adaptive behavir became a natural part f life. Tday, althugh the physical dangers f being alne have decreased, the psychlgical pull f the grup remains pwerful.
Humans are naturally scial beings, mtivated by a basic desire t be accepted and t feel a sense f belnging. Our identities are ften tied t the grups we belng t, and the fear f rejectin drives us t fllw, even at the cst f ur persnal beliefs. This grup pressure is strengthened by cgnitive biases that mislead judgment. The herd mentality leads individuals t trust the majrity pinin withut critically evaluating it, while repeated expsure t the same infrmatin can make it seem mre believable. Scial media strengthens these biases by prmting ppular cntent ver truth, creating ech chambers (信息茧房) that supprt existing beliefs rather than challenge them.
Herd mentality can have psitive effects in sme cases, especially when peple have limited infrmatin r skills. Ging with the crwd can bring better results, because the grup knws mre than any ne persn. Hwever, t much herd mentality brings risks, including stpping independent thinking, hurting creativity, and causing false infrmatin t spread. Therefre, learning t think critically — asking questins, checking facts, and thinking f different ideas — is essential fr bth persnal independence and cllective prgress.
12. What is the main tpic f the passage?
A. The influences f herd mentality.B. The gd sides f herd mentality.
C. Why humans like t stay in grups.D. Hw t avid fllwing thers blindly.
13. Why did herd mentality becme a natural part f human life?
A. It made peple face mre physical dangers.
B. It let peple get fewer resurces frm tribes.
C. It stpped humans frm living in grups.
D. It enabled early humans t survive securely.
14. What can we learn frm paragraph 3?
A. Cgnitive biases guide peple’s right judgment.
B. Scial media crrects peple’s wrng thinking.
C. Peple may give up their pinins t fit in grups.
D. Herd mentality makes peple questin the majrity.
15. Which f the fllwing is true abut herd mentality?
A. It always brings better results t peple’s life.
B. It is cmpletely harmful t persnal creativity.
C. It shuld be treated in a reasnable and wise way.
D. It can stp all false infrmatin frm spreading.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Shinrin-yu, r frest bathing, is a unique Japanese practice emerging in the 1980s. It invites peple t immerse themselves in frest energy and calm, seeking reflectin, psitive energy and renewed wellness.
____16____ The cncept was develped by Japan’s Frest Agency in 1982 with tw gals: relieving high-stress lifestyles frm the technlgical revlutin and encuraging recnnectin with nature.
Unlike intense utdr activities, frest bathing is lw-impact. ____17____ It emphasizes being present, fcusing n surrundings and embracing wdlands’ natural rder instead f altering them. Many mistake it fr lng hikes r intense physical activity, but it is actually abut slwing dwn.
The practice is surprisingly simple. ____18____ Whether alne r n a guided tur, participants walk quietly in frests, cncentrating n the wrld arund them withut distractins. Even sitting under a tree and breathing deeply cunts as frest bathing.
____19____ Studies shw that frest time lwers crtisl (皮质醇) levels and bsts the activity f natural killer cells, which help fight ff illness. Mentally, it clears brain fg and reduces anxiety, ffering a rare break frm digital verlad.
Yu dn’t need t travel far fr frest bathing, even in r near Tky. ____20____ These spts ffer accessible escapes frm the hustle and bustle f city life, letting urban dwellers experience nature’s healing pwer withut lng trips.
Frm Iiyama’s beach frests t Meiji Shrine, frest bathing helps peple step away frm daily pressures and recnnect with nature meaningfully. It reminds us that wellness is simple — it lies in quiet, tree-filled spaces.
A. This calm practice has a thughtful rigin stry.
B. Its cre is mindfulness, nt speed r achievement.
C. Leave digital devices aside t fully engage with nature.
D. Frest bathing has grwn glbally ppular in recent years.
E. The idea behind frest bathing arse frm imprving public health.
F. Meiji Shrine and the Institute fr Nature Study are perfect examples.
G. It’s nt just leisure — frest bathing benefits physical and mental health.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A father and his daughter were rescued frm the cean after falling verbard frm a Disney Cruise Line ship n Sunday afternn, winning praise fr the ship’s crew (全体船员) and ____21____ amng passengers wh witnessed the incident in real time. It ccurred abard the Disney Dream as it sailed n a rund trip____22____between Flrida and the Bahamas. Passenger Gar Frantz said he was n the furth-flr deck when he saw the child, wh had been sitting n the ship’s ____23____ while the father tk a picture, fall int the water.
“Then the child fell verbard,” Frantz recalled. “We watched it, yu culd see tw little figures … it was crazy, it was ___24___.” The father reprtedly jumped in immediately after the child ____25____ t save her. Fellw passenger Gail Merrick was playing bing when she nticed a sudden nise utside. She said peple were watching with held breath ____26____, waiting fr what wuld happen. Merrick saw a yellw rescue bat with crew members being ___27___, and the Disney Dream made a sharp turn t ____28____ the spt. The tw guests were rescued within ___29___.
Disney said in a(n) ___30___ that its crew’s excellent skills and ____31____ actins ensured the safe return f the tw guests. It als nted the incident highlighted the effectiveness f its safety ____32____. Passenger James Tackett felt the ship make a turn befre hearing what had happened. “When they _____33_____ the tw peple, everyne cheered,” he said. His mther praised the crew’s swift and ____34____ respnse. “The whle thing tk 10-15 minutes and they safely ____35____ the ship,” she added. After the rescue, the Disney Dream cntinued its jurney.
21. A. stressB. reliefC. delightD. grief
22. A. vyageB. picnicC. hikeD. party
23. A. windwB. rfC. edgeD. flr
24. A. amazingB. hrribleC. peacefulD. rdinary
25. A. in a wayB. in a senseC. in a wrdD. in an effrt
26. A. basicallyB. cnfidentlyC. slightlyD. frmally
27. A. sent inB. sent frC. sent awayD. sent ut
28. A. head frB. shw ffC. lk intD. take ver
29. A. secndsB. hursC. minutesD. days
30. A. cnversatinB. statementC. discussinD. cnference
31. A. slwB. lazyC. prmptD. careless
32. A. measuresB. bksC. tlsD. signals
33. A. tk ffB. put awayC. turned dwnD. picked up
34. A. rudeB. prfessinalC. casualD. implite
35. A. gt alng withB. gt ut fC. gt back nD. gt away frm
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wntns are a ppular kind f dumpling in China, with ____36____ histry ging back ver 1,500 years. It’s said that Wntns ____37____ (create) by Zhang Zhngjing, a great dctr in the Eastern Han Dynasty, ____38____ idea was t help peple fight the cld in winter. Since then, wntns ____39____ (be) a favrite fd fr bth the yung and the ld, widely enjyed acrss the cuntry in families and restaurants alike.
Making wntns is easy and fun. First, prepare the filling with simple ____40____ (ingredient): minced prk, chpped cabbage, ginger and salt. Stir them thrughly t get a sticky mixture. Secnd, take a thin square wrapper and put a small spnful f filling in its middle. Then fld the wrapper t make a small bag, pressing the edges tightly t stp the filling ____41____ cming ut. Next, ck the wntns in biling water ____42____ they rise t the surface, which usually takes abut three t five minutes.
Wntns taste best when ____43____ (serve) with sauce. Sme peple like t add vinegar r chili il t ____44____ (they) wntns t make them mre flavrful. The sft skin and tasty filling make wntns ____45____ (true) delicius. They will bring yu much pleasure and a warm feeling deep inside.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tm来信说，他计划寒假来中国学习汉语，并咨询如何快速入门汉语和适应中国的生活。请你给他写一封信，内容包括：（1）具体建议；（2）表达欢迎与期待。
注意：（1）写作词数应为100个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Dear Tm,
Glad t hear that yu are cming t China t learn Chinese this winter hliday.
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Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Nah, 17, ften lingered in Mrs. Hale’s ld bkstre after schl, drawn by the musty smell f pages and the ld music scres in the crner. One rainy afternn, he came acrss a wrn Clair de Lune in a dusty bx labeled “Abandned Treasures”. Inside was a yellwed nte that read: “Fr the ne wh plays with heart — my late student Lila never finished her twn square recital (独奏会). Please fulfill her prmise.”
Mrs. Hale, the retired pian teacher wh wned the stre, sighed. “Lila was my brightest student. She dreamed f playing fr the twn, but a car crash tk her life befre the recital. That scre was her mst cherished pssessin.” Tuched, Nah decided t learn the piece, thugh a recent finger injury left his fingers stiff — even simple scales (音阶) felt painful.
His classmate Mia, a prize-winning pianist, laughed at his plan. “Yu’re daydreaming, Nah. Yur fingers barely wrk, and the recital is in three weeks.” Withut being put ff, Nah practised tirelessly: tapping meldies at his desk in class, saking his hand t ease stiffness, and buying a hand-exercise bk with his savings. One evening, Mia sptted him in the bkstre, his eyebrws drawn tgether as he struggled with the music scre. Mved by his persistence, she left muscle-relaxing cream and practice tips n his desk the next day. “Dn’t think I care,” she whispered when thanked, but a faint smile escaped her.
They began practising tgether — Nah fcused n the piece’s emtinal depth, while Mia plished his technique. Just as they felt ready, disaster struck: the grand pian in the twn square stpped wrking vernight — its keys gt stuck and strings brke. Nah stared at the brken instrument, his heart sinking. All his effrts seemed fr nthing.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
Nah had n idea what t d next and ran t Mrs. Hale’s bkstre.
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Paragraph 2:
On the recital day, the sun shne bright, and Nah sat befre a brrwed pian.
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