福建省泉州市高二上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题 （解析版）-A4

这是一份福建省泉州市高二上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题 （解析版）-A4，共22页。试卷主要包含了15等内容，欢迎下载使用。
（试卷满分：150分，考试时间：120分钟）
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生须在试题卷、答题卡规定的位置填写自己的准考证号、姓名。考生应认真核对答题卡上粘贴的条形码的“准考证号、姓名”与考生本人准考证号、姓名是否一致。
2. 回答选择题时；选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3：考试结束，考生须将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力 （共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共15 小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：Hw much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. What time is it nw?
A. 4:00p. m. B. 5:00p. m. C. 6:00p. m.
2. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Neighburs. B. Wrkmates. C. Designer and custmer.
3. Why did Mike g t China?
A. T learn abut tea culture. B. T meet with his bss. C. T d sme training.
4. Hw des the man feel nw?
A. Nervus. B. Relaxed. C. Excited.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A. What t prepare fr an art festival.
B. Whether t attend a ceremny
C. Hw t recver frm the flu.
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Where did Julie see the sharks?
A. In the basement. B. At the tp f the building. C. On the secnd flr.
7. What des Greg suggest Julie d?
A. Learn mre abut tree frgs.
B. Avid seeing much wildlife at a time.
C. Refer t a guidebk befrehand.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What is Tm reading abut?
A. The histry f media. B. The rle f media. C. The types f media.
9. What suggestin des Tm ffer?
A. Learning frm varied media surces.
B. Getting additinal infrmatin nline.
C. Interacting with different peple.
10. What is an advantage f traditinal media?
A. Reasnable charges. B. Increased interactivity. C. In-depth reprting.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What d the tw speakers have in cmmn?
A. Having kids arrange hliday budget.
B. Asking kids t deliver pizza.
C. Paying kids fr ding husewrk.
12. Hw des the man guide his kids t save?
A. By ffering a savings accunt.
B. By helping keep their gift mney.
C. By placing mney bxes at hme.,
13. What did the wman persuade her daughter t d?
A. Spend small change. B. Take a part-time jb. C. Set aside mney.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Why des Susan call Jhn?
A. T invite him t watch a play.
B. T get him invlved in acting.
C. T discuss their study.
15. What is Jhn’s prblem?
A. Tight schedule. B. Lw acting interest. C. Pr academic perfrmance.
16. Hw lng des the grup practise every week?
A. 3 hurs. B. 7 hurs. C. 10 hurs.
17. What des Jhn prmise Susan t d?
A. Jin in the next perfrmance.
B. G t watch their practice.
C. Call Susan in advance.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. Which characteristic des Light Phne have?
A. It is light in weight.
B. Its camera is quite mdern.
C. It is simplified in functins.
19. What percentage f teachers thught cellphnes harmed students’ study?
A. Nearly 33.3%. B. Almst 66.7%. C. Over 75%.
20. What change has the new phne plicy brught?
A. Fewer students chse phtgraphy classes.
B. Students’ grades have greatly imprved.
C. Students have becme mre scial.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Frugal (节俭的)living might seem bring n a tight budget, but it can be fun. Check ut sme TV shws that can give yu unique insights int creating a mre manageable budget.
Eat Well fr Less
It is a UK reality shw that helps families n a budget by imprving their eating and cking habits. The hsts visit families, bserve their grcery shpping, and then ffer advice n reducing weekly fd csts. They clear up misunderstanding abut fd, teach hw t reduce waste, and suggest healthier, budget-friendly meals.
Living Smaller
It ffers insights int maximizing space in limited areas. Yu’ll see hw thers have creatively imprved their tiny hmes, built budget-friendly yet exceptinally functinal spaces, created renting pprtunities, and mre. It gives a view int hw yu can enjy yur small space better r save mney by reducing yur space.
The Minimalist: Less Is Nw
It is a Netflix dcumentary that shws hw yu can enjy yur life with less. The shw will ffer great suggestins n tidying yur hme and changing yur spending mindset (思维模式）. If yu dn’t knw hw t start, begin with yur clset: get rid f clthes that are wrn and trn, sell sme clthes fr prfit, and limit yur shpping budget t avid getting back int yur ld habits.
Get Smart with Mney
It’s a shrt dcumentary-style mvie which is filled with valuable suggestins yu wn’t find in many ppular reality TV shws. Peple facing financial (财务的)difficulties are intrduced t well-knwn ecnmic advisers thrughut the year. Each stry is unique yet cnnects with the audience, and yu’ll want t remember each piece f financial advice ffered in the mvie.
1. Which shw is related t clearing up yur living space?
A. Eat Well fr Less.B. Living Smaller.
C. The Minimalist: Less Is Nw.D. Get Smart with Mney.
2. What is special abut Get Smart with Mney?
A. It clarifies sme cnfusin n fd.
B. It prmtes budget-friendly prducts.
C. It tracks peple’s daily spending habits.
D. It features the sharing f financial experts.
3. What are the shws mainly abut?
A. Hbbies t kill time.B. Tips n ecnmical living.
C. Ideas abut having fun.D. Ways t live a quality life.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四部电视节目，这些节目为观众提供了关于如何在预算有限的情况下过上更加节俭、有趣的生活的实用建议。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段The Minimalist: Less Is Nw 部分中“The shw will ffer great suggestins n tidying yur hme and changing yur spending mindset(该节目将提供很好的建议，帮助你整理家务，改变你的消费心态)”可知，《极简主义者：少即是多》这个节目会提供整理家居的建议，这与清理生活空间相关。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Get Smart with Mney 部分中“Peple facing financial difficulties are intrduced t well-knwn ecnmic advisers thrughut the year.(一整年，面临经济困难的人们都会被介绍给著名的经济顾问。)”可知，《用钱要聪明》这个节目的特别之处在于它的特色在于金融专家的分享。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Check ut sme TV shws that can give yu unique insights int creating a mre manageable budget.(看看一些电视节目，可以让你对如何制定更可控的预算有独特的见解。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了四部与节俭生活相关的电视节目，即这些节目主要是关于经济生活的建议。故选B。
B
One f the wrld’s rarest birds, the greater adjutant strk (大秃鹳), knwn lcally as the Hargila was nce cnsidered “disease carrier” and “ugly” by the villagers in Assam wh wuld destry their nests. Dr Purnima Devi Barman, an Indian wildlife bilgist, has been cmmitted t prtecting the endangered birds and changing the pinin f villagers.
Barman’s lve f animals started at age five while she lived with her grandparents by the Brahmaputra River, where she ften encuntered all srts f birds cming t the fields and wetlands.
Recalling ne f the mments that changed her life, Barman said that while she was ding her PhD paper n the greater adjutant strk, she gt a call telling her that a villager had cut the nest-tree f adjutant strks and nine chicks fell dwn. When she cmmunicated with the villager and his neighburs, she was shuted at and laughed at. “The villager was s angry at me fr rescuing the birds. One f his neighburs said that ‘we cannt keep it in ur backyard. It makes ur area very dirty and smelly’,” Barman recalled. But with her tireless effrt, she managed t change his views and the villager jined her in prtecting the birds.
“After that, I experienced the pwer f the cmmunity and decided-t make use f it fr strk cnservatin,” Barman added. She then started the Hargila Army f villagers, especially the netwrk f thusands f families acrss villages wh travel dr t dr with her in spreading awareness and educating peple abut strk cnservatin.
“Initially wmen hesitated t cme ut and vlunteer. But ne day, I rganized a cking cntest and scres f peple participated and that’s hw all ur gatherings revlved (围绕) arund strk cnservatin and restring their ecsystem. Slwly and gradually, we increased the netwrk, and nw we are saving many ther endangered species,” Barman said.
4. What has led t the decrease f the strks in Assam?
A. The attack f diseases.B. High demand fr wd.
C. Villagers’ negative attitude.D. Ignrance f their situatin:
5. What drve Barman t fund “the Hargila Army f villagers”?
A. Her bird-watching experience.B. Her PhD study n the bird.
C. Her effrt t prevent tree cutting.D. Her cmmunicatin with a villager.
6. Hw did Barman invlve wmen at first?
A. By visiting them dr t dr.B. By rganising a cking cntest:
C. By giving away fd t them.D. By hsting vluntary activities.
7. What can we learn abut Barman frm her deeds?
A. She strives t preserve wildlife.B. She values diverse views.
C. She priritises academic educatin.D. She cares abut villagers’ welfare.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了印度野生生物学家普尔尼玛·德维·巴曼博士对于大秃鹳的保护工作。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“One f the wrld’s rarest birds, the greater adjutant strk (大秃鹳), knwn lcally as the Hargila was nce cnsidered “disease carrier” and “ugly” by the villagers in Assam wh wuld destry their nests. (世界上最稀有的鸟类之一，大秃鹳，在当地被称为哈吉拉，曾经被阿萨姆邦的村民认为是“疾病携带者”和“丑陋的”，他们会摧毁它们的巢穴。)”可知，村民的消极态度导致了大秃鹳的减少。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Recalling ne f the mments that changed her life, Barman said that while she was ding her PhD paper n the greater adjutant strk, she gt a call telling her that a villager had cut the nest-tree f adjutant strks and nine chicks fell dwn. When she cmmunicated with the villager and his neighburs, she was shuted at and laughed at. “The villager was s angry at me fr rescuing the birds. One f his neighburs said that ‘we cannt keep it in ur backyard. It makes ur area very dirty and smelly’,” Barman recalled. (回忆起改变她一生的一个时刻，巴曼说，当她正在写关于大秃鹳的博士论文时，她接到一个电话，告诉她一个村民砍倒了大秃鹳的巢树，九只小鸡掉了下来。当她与村民和他的邻居交流时，她被大声呵斥和嘲笑。“村民对我救了这些鸟很生气。他的一个邻居说：‘我们不能把它养在后院。它使我们的区域非常肮脏和难闻’，”巴曼回忆道。)”可知，和一个村民的交流驱使巴曼成立了“哈吉拉村民军”。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“But ne day, I rganized a cking cntest and scres f peple participated and that’s hw all ur gatherings revlved (围绕) arund strk cnservatin and restring their ecsystem. (但是有一天，我组织了一场烹饪比赛，很多人参加了比赛，我们所有的聚会都围绕着保护鹳和恢复它们的生态系统展开。)”可知，巴曼一开始通过组织烹饪比赛让女人参与进来。故选B。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Dr Purnima Devi Barman, an Indian wildlife bilgist, has been cmmitted t prtecting the endangered birds and changing the pinin f villagers. (印度野生生物学家普尔尼玛·德维·巴曼博士一直致力于保护濒危鸟类，并改变村民的看法。)”以及倒数第二段“She then started the Hargila Army f villagers, especially the netwrk f thusands f families acrss villages wh travel dr t dr with her in spreading awareness and educating peple abut strk cnservatin. (然后，她成立了“哈吉拉村民军”，特别是由数千个家庭组成的网络，他们和她一起挨家挨户地传播鹳的保护意识，教育人们。)”可知，巴曼努力保护野生动物。故选A。
C
Sme Virginia Tech researchers have develped a new methd fr upcycling plastics int high-value chemicals t create saps, cleaners, and mre.
Plastics and saps seemingly have little in cmmn, but there is a surprising cnnectin between the tw n a mlecular (分子的) level: The chemical structure f plyethylene — ne f the mst cmmnly used plastics — is strikingly similar t that f a fatty acid, which is used in making sap. Guliang Liu, an assciate prfessr f chemistry at Virginia Tech, believed the similarity meant plyethylene culd be turned int fatty acids and eventually sap with a few extra steps. The challenge was hw t break a lng plyethylene chain (链) int many shrt — but nt t shrt — chains and hw t d it efficiently.
Liu, alng with tw PhD chemistry students Zhen Xu and Eric Munyaneza, built a small, ven-like reactr where they culd heat plyethylene. The lwer part f the reactr reaches a high temperature t break the lng chains, while the upper part is cled t a lw enugh temperature t prevent further breakdwn. After that, they gathered the leftver and fund that Liu’s assumptin had been right: It was cmpsed f “shrt-chain plyethylene,” r mre precisely, waxes (蜡). This was the first step in develping a methd fr upcycling plastics int sap.
One f the exciting features f Liu’s new upcycling methd is that it can be used n bth plyethylene and plyprpylene, meaning that it’s nt necessary t separate the tw plastics frm each ther. This is a majr advantage ver sme recycling methds used tday. The upcycling technique als requires nly plastic and heat, making it cst-effective with minimal envirnmental impact.
Liu advised being careful, thugh. This methd is just ne part f a larger slutin t the glbal plastic pllutin crisis and a jint effrt is needed between the research and industrial cmmunities. “The best way t avid plastic pllutin is t minimise the use f plastics,” said Liu.
8. What is the main purpse f paragraph 2?
A. T stress the challenge.B. T explain the prcess.
C. T present the significance.D. T intrduce the assumptin.
9. Hw des the upcycling prcess wrk?
A. By heating plastics intensively.B. By mixing a chemical with plastics.
C. By breaking dwn plastics in a reactr.D. By cllecting the leftver t make waxes:
10. What makes this upcycling methd stand ut?
A. Simple prcessing.B. Zer-waste practice.
C. Ptential market value.D. Lw-energy cnsumptin.
11. What is the best title fr this passage?
A. Plastic Waste, Precius PrductsB. Frm Waste t Wash
C Fighting Pllutin with InnvatinD. Saying N t Plastics.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了弗吉尼亚理工大学的研究人员开发的一种将塑料升级转化为高价值化学品，用以制造肥皂、清洁剂等的新方法。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Plastics and saps seemingly have little in cmmn, but there is a surprising cnnectin between the tw n a mlecular (分子的) level: The chemical structure f plyethylene — ne f the mst cmmnly used plastics — is strikingly similar t that f a fatty acid, which is used in making sap. Guliang Liu, an assciate prfessr f chemistry at Virginia Tech, believed the similarity meant plyethylene culd be turned int fatty acids and eventually sap with a few extra steps. The challenge was hw t break a lng plyethylene chain (链) int many shrt-but nt t shrt-chains and hw t d it efficiently.(塑料和肥皂似乎没有什么共同之处，但在分子水平上两者之间有着惊人的联系：聚乙烯(最常用的塑料之一)的化学结构与用于制造肥皂的脂肪酸惊人地相似。弗吉尼亚理工大学化学副教授刘国良认为，这种相似性意味着聚乙烯可以通过几个额外的步骤转化为脂肪酸，最终转化为肥皂。挑战在于如何将一条长聚乙烯链(简称“聚乙烯链”)断裂成许多短链，但又不能太短，以及如何高效地完成这一过程)”可知，本段主要介绍了Guliang Liu教授的一个假设，即聚乙烯可以转化为脂肪酸，最终转化为肥皂。故本段的主要目的是介绍这个假设。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Liu, alng with tw PhD chemistry students Zhen Xu and Eric Munyaneza, built a small, ven-like reactr where they culd heat plyethylene. The lwer part f the reactr reaches a high temperature t break the lng chains, while the upper part is cled t a lw enugh temperature t prevent further breakdwn.(刘与两名化学专业博士生徐震和穆尼亚内扎一起建造了一个小型烤箱式反应器，可以在其中加热聚乙烯。反应器的下部达到高温以断裂长链，而上部则冷却到足够低的温度以防止进一步分解)”可知，升级转化过程是通过在反应器中分解塑料来进行的。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“The upcycling technique als requires nly plastic and heat, making it cst-effective with minimal envirnmental impact.(这种升级转化技术只需要塑料和热量，因此具有成本效益，且对环境影响最小)”可推知，这种升级转化方法的突出之处在于其加工过程简单，只需塑料和热量。故选A项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Sme Virginia Tech researchers have develped a new methd fr upcycling plastics int high-value chemicals t create saps, cleaners, and mre.(弗吉尼亚理工大学的一些研究人员开发了一种新方法，可以将塑料升级转化为高价值化学品，用以制造肥皂、清洁剂等)”可知，本文主要介绍了一种将塑料废物转化为洗涤用品(如肥皂)的新方法。故B项“Frm Waste t Wash(从废物到洗涤用品)”最适合作文章标题。故选B项。
D
Advcates f AI chatbts in educatinal settings say the tls can assist in activities like brainstrming — r help students get started n tugh math prblems. But many teachers say their students are shrt f the skills t imprve upn what AI prduces r the maturity (成熟) and self-awareness t knw where the wrk f AI ends and their wn respnsibility begins.
A 2024 study f nearly 1,000 high schl students put the matter t a test: 9th, 10th, and 11th graders attended a brief math lessn, then practised slving related prblems in preparatin fr a quiz. Sme relied n traditinal methds — cnsulting their ntes and textbks t find pssible answers — while thers had access t a basic versin r a tutr versin (辅导版) f ChatGPT.
The results were a success f technlgy — until they weren’t. Students using the basic and tutr GPTs scred an astnishing 48 percent and 127 percent better than their peers during the practices, respectively, but when the same students went t get back the infrmatin frm their memry during a fllw-up clsed-bk test, their math skills had disappeared. Test perfrmance f the students wh had used the basic versin f ChatGPT drpped s sharply that they scred 17 percent belw their peers wh had relied n pen and paper. Given the pprtunity, students used the sftware as a “crutch” and ften skipped straight t the answer, the researchers cncluded. When applied at key mments, the technlgy actually “runs the risk f blcking learning.”
But ChatGPT and ther similar AI tls aren’t ut f the game. In several studies, the tls perfrmed well when designed t guide student learning-by refusing t give away answers, fr example, r asking in-depth fllw-up questins. AI is making rapid prgress, but isn’t a threat t replace teachers. Fr nw, it’s nly as smart as its human makers.
12. What is a prblem f students when using AI chatbts?
A. They are nt aware f hw AI chatbts wrk.
B. They lack the ability t emply AI effectively.
C. They are incapable f imprving AI chatbts.
D. They refuse t take their wn respnsibility.
13. Hw did GPT users perfrm cmpared t students using traditinal methds?
A. Basic GPT users perfrmed best during the practices.
B. Tutr GPT users scred 127% better during the test.
C. Basic GPT users’ perfrmance drpped during the test.
D. Tutr GPT users scred 17% lwer during the practices.
14. What des the underlined wrd “crutch” mean in paragraph 3?
A. A device t help peple walk.B. A strategy t deepen learning.
C. A tl t imprve math skills.D. A shrtcut t find quick answers.
15. What are AI tls expected t d in educatin setting?
A. Enhance students’ thinking ability.B. Fllw AI designers’ instructins.
C. Give in-depth answers instantly.D. Replace traditinal teaching methds.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在教育环境中使用AI聊天机器人(如ChatGPT)的利弊，指出学生在使用AI时存在的问题，并通过一项研究揭示了AI辅助学习可能带来的风险，同时也强调了AI在正确引导学生学习方面的潜力。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But many teachers say their students are shrt f the skills t imprve upn what AI prduces, r the maturity (成熟) and self-awareness t knw where the wrk f AI ends and their wn respnsibility begins. (但许多教师表示，他们的学生缺乏改进AI生成内容的能力，或者缺乏成熟度和自我意识，无法分辨AI的工作在哪里结束，自己的责任从哪里开始)”可知，学生在使用AI聊天机器人时缺乏改进AI生成内容的能力，不知道哪里该自己负责，由此推知，他们缺乏有效使用人工智能的能力。故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Students using the basic and tutr GPTs scred an astnishing 48 percent and 127 percent better than their peers during the practices, respectively, but when the same students went t get back the infrmatin frm their memry during a fllw-up clsed-bk test, their math skills had disappeared. Test perfrmance f the students wh had used the basic versin f ChatGPT drpped s sharply that they scred 17 percent belw their peers wh had relied n pen and paper. (在练习中，使用基础版和辅导版GPT的学生分别比同龄人高出48%和127%，但当这些学生在随后的闭卷测试中从记忆中回忆信息时，他们的数学技能却消失了。使用过基础版ChatGPT的学生的测试成绩下降得如此之快，以至于比那些依赖纸笔的同龄人低了17%)”可知，在练习中使用GPT的学生在后续测试中表现下降，尤其是基础版GPT用户的表现下降明显。故选C项。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“and ften skipped straight t the answer”(并且经常直接跳到答案)和“When applied at key mments, the technlgy actually ‘runs the risk f blcking learning.’ (在关键时刻应用时，这项技术实际上“有阻碍学习的风险”)”可推知，“crutch”在文中是比喻用法，指学生将AI聊天机器人作为“避免自主思考、快速获取答案的捷径”，而非真正辅助学习的工具。故划线词意思是“寻找快速答案的捷径”，与“A shrtcut t find quick answers.”同义。故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In several studies, the tls perfrmed well when designed t guide student learning-by refusing t give away answers, fr example, r asking in-depth fllw-up questins. (在几项研究中，当这些工具被设计成引导学生学习时，它们表现良好，例如，拒绝给出答案，或者提出深入的后续问题)”可知，当AI工具被设计成引导学生学习时表现良好。由此推知，在教育环境中AI工具被期望能够引导学生思考，增强他们的思维能力。故选A项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s well understd that humur can have pwerful impacts n bth ur physical and mental health. ___16___ T better understand which types f humur prmte mental wellness, and which frms may be actively harmful, psychlgist Rd Martin brke humur dwn int fur styles.
Affiliative (有亲和力的) humur refers t jkes abut things that everyne might find funny. ___17___ The types f jkes tld by cmedians like Jerry Seinfeld represent this srt f humur. If yu’ve ever bantered (调侃) with a cwrker r amng yur friends, yu’ve used affiliative humur.
___18___ It’s ften used as a way t deal with stress r hardship and feel better as a result. Jn Stewart frm the Daily Shw ften uses self-enhancing humur by saying things such as, “Maybe I just dn’t understand,” r “I’m nt the brightest guy.”
Aggressive (好斗的) humur is laughing at the expense f thers. This is the humur that is used by mre aggressive cmedians, such as Dn Rickles r the late Jan Rivers. Sme f the audience t this type f humur will find it funny. ___19___
Self-defeating humur is the art f putting yurself dwn t gain apprval frm thers. The late cmedian Rdney Dangerfield wuld be an example. Peple wh use self-defeating humr may try t make themselves appear mre scially acceptable, but it can have the ppsite effect and cause peple t distance themselves frm them. ___20___ And it is smetimes used t try t avid attacks-making neself the target f jkes befre thers put yu dwn.
A. It is emplyed t facilitate relatinships.
B. It is capable f turning anxiety int pleasure.
C. Yet nt all types f humur have the same effect.
D. Self-enhancing humur can raise ne’s cnfidence.
E. S this can be an unhealthy frm f humur psychlgically.
F. Self-enhancing humur invlves being able t laugh at yurself.
G. Hwever, thers might laugh t cver up a feeling f discmfrt.
【答案】16. C 17. A 18. F 19. G 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种幽默风格，包括其特点及对心理健康的影响，探讨不同幽默类型的作用。
【16题详解】
由上文“It’s well understd that humur can have pwerful impacts n bth ur physical and mental health.(众所周知，幽默对我们的身心健康都有强大的影响)”可知，幽默对身心健康有影响，后文“T better understand which types f humur prmte mental wellness, and which frms may be actively harmful, psychlgist Rd Martin brke humur dwn int fur styles.(为了更好地理解哪些类型的幽默能促进心理健康，哪些形式可能有积极的危害，心理学家罗德・马丁将幽默分为四种类型)”表明不同类型幽默效果不同，C项“Yet nt all types f humur have the same effect.(然而，并非所有类型的幽默都有相同的效果)”符合语境，起到承上启下的作用，引出下文对不同类型幽默的阐述。故选C项。
【17题详解】
由上文“Affiliative (有亲和力的) humur refers t jkes abut things that everyne might find funny.(亲和型幽默指的是关于每个人可能都觉得有趣的事情的笑话)”介绍了亲和型幽默，A项“It is emplyed t facilitate relatinships.(它被用来促进人际关系)”进一步说明这种幽默的作用，It指代上文的Affiliative humur，符合语境，且与后文提到在同事和朋友间使用这种幽默相呼应。故选A项。
【18题详解】
由下文“It’s ften used as a way t deal with stress r hardship and feel better as a result. Jn Stewart frm the Daily Shw ften uses self-enhancing humur by saying things such as, ‘Maybe I just dn’t understand,’ r ‘I’m nt the brightest guy.’(它通常被用作一种应对压力或困难并因此感觉更好的方式。《每日秀》的乔恩・斯图尔特经常使用自我提升型幽默，比如说‘也许我只是不明白’，或者‘我不是最聪明的人’)”可知，这里在介绍自我提升型幽默，F项“Self-enhancing humur invlves being able t laugh at yurself.(自我提升型幽默包括能够自嘲)”符合语境，引出下文对自我提升型幽默的具体说明。故选F项。
【19题详解】
由上文“Aggressive (好斗的) humur is laughing at the expense f thers. This is the humur that is used by mre aggressive cmedians, such as Dn Rickles r the late Jan Rivers. Sme f the audience t this type f humur will find it funny.(攻击性幽默是以牺牲他人为代价的嘲笑。这是像唐・里克斯或已故的琼・里弗斯这样更具攻击性的喜剧演员所使用的幽默。这类幽默的一些观众会觉得它有趣)”介绍了攻击性幽默及部分观众的反应，G项“Hwever, thers might laugh t cver up a feeling f discmfrt.(然而，其他人可能会笑来掩盖不舒服的感觉)”与上文形成对比，说明另一些观众对这种幽默的反应，Hwever表转折，符合语境。故选G项。
【20题详解】
由上文“Peple wh use self-defeating humr may try t make themselves appear mre scially acceptable, but it can have the ppsite effect and cause peple t distance themselves frm them.(使用自我贬低型幽默的人可能试图让自己在社交上更容易被接受，但这可能会产生相反的效果，导致人们与他们保持距离)”表明自我贬低型幽默可能带来不好的结果，E项“S this can be an unhealthy frm f humur psychlgically.(所以从心理角度看，这可能是一种不健康的幽默形式)”对上文进行总结，this指代上文自我贬低型幽默带来的不良影响，符合语境。故选E项。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C和D：四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Olympic track and field athlete and marathn runner Marla Runyan was brn in 1969 in Califrnia. Legally blind since childhd, she never let her eyesight lss stand in the way f her athletic ___21___.
At age nine, Runyan ___22___ a disease that left her legally blind. Despite her ___23___, she began cmpeting in several ___24___ events and wn sme gld medals while attending San Dieg State University. After a ___25___ attempt in 1996, she made the US Olympic team ___26___ in 2000 in the 1500-meter event and placed 8th at the Olympics.
Unfrtunately, Runyan’ s ___27___ has cntinued t wrsen with each passing year. Hwever, she has ___28___ t let it affect her career. In 2001, she c-wrte and ___29___ her autbigraphy, N Finish Line: My Life. As I See It. Althugh Runyan had hped t jin the 2008 Olympic team, back prblems and surgery ___30___ it. Instead, she earned a secnd master’s degree in 2012 and began teaching the blind in Oregn schls.
Since 2013, Runyan has ___31___ teacher and Ambassadr fr the Perkins Schl fr the Blind in Watertwn, Massachusetts – ___32___ fr its mst famus student, Helen Keller.
Runyan’s success shws hw. ___33___ her determinatin, wrk habits, and belief are - that a disability shuld nt limit ne’s ___34___. Her jurney has inspired cuntless individuals t ___35___ their dreams, regardless f the challenges they may face.
21. A. skillsB. dreamsC. spiritsD. fields
22. A. develpedB. curedC. cntrlledD. examined
23. A. ambitinB. hesitatinC. attemptD. disability
24. A. educatinalB. scialC. athleticD. medical
25. A. failedB. hpelessC. clumsyD. demanding
26. A. ccasinallyB. ultimatelyC. cnstantlyD. regularly
27. A. strengthB. memryC. eyesightD. perfrmance
28. A. struggledB. sughtC. determinedD. refused
29. A. recmmendedB. adaptedC. exhibitedD. published
30. A. preventedB. stimulatedC. enabledD. fueled
31. A. referred tB. talked withC. applied frD. served as
32. A. respnsibleB. renwnedC. beneficialD. significant
33. A. influentialB. differentC. strngD. precius
34. A. ptentialB. principleC. cmmitmentD. creatin
35. A. appreciateB. pursueC. adjustD. share
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了奥运会田径运动员、马拉松选手玛拉·伦扬虽然身体有残疾，但是没有放弃自己对运动梦想的追求，最终取得了成功。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她从小就被法律规定为盲人，但她从未让视力障碍阻碍她的运动梦想。A. skills技能；B. dreams梦想；C. spirits精神；D. fields领域。根据后文“their dreams, regardless f the challenges they may face”指追求自己的运动梦想。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：九岁时，Runyan患上了一种疾病，使她在法律上失明。A. develped患病，发展；B. cured治愈；C. cntrlled控制；D. examined检查。根据后文“a disease that left her legally blind”可知，指患上了疾病，失明了。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管身体残疾，她还是在圣地亚哥州立大学就读期间参加了几项体育赛事，并赢得了一些金牌。A. ambitin抱负；B. hesitatin犹豫；C. attempt尝试；D. disability残疾。根据上文“she never let her eyesight lss”可知，她是盲人，身体有残疾。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管身体残疾，她还是在圣地亚哥州立大学就读期间参加了几项体育赛事，并赢得了一些金牌。A. educatinal教育的；B. scial社交的；C. athletic运动的；D. medical医学的。根据上文“her athletic”可知喜爱运动，主要参加的是体育赛事，故选C。
25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在1996年的一次失败的尝试之后，她最终在2000年的1500米比赛中入选了美国奥运代表队，并在奥运会上获得了第八名。A. failed失败的；B. hpeless绝望的；C. clumsy笨拙的；D. demanding苛刻的。根据后文“in 2000 in the 1500-meter event and placed 8th at the Olympics.”可知，2000年才入选，说明1966年的尝试失败了，故选A。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在1996年的一次失败的尝试之后，她最终在2000年的1500米比赛中入选了美国奥运代表队，并在奥运会上获得了第八名。A. ccasinally偶尔；B. ultimately最后；C. cnstantly持续地；D. regularly定期地。根据后文“in 2000 in the 1500-meter event and placed 8th at the Olympics”指经过失败，她最终在2000年的1500米比赛中入选了美国奥运代表队，并在奥运会上获得了第八名。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，Runyan的视力一年比一年差。A. strength力量；B. memry记忆；C. eyesight视力；D. perfrmance表现。根据上文“her eyesight lss”以及后文“has cntinued t wrsen”此处指视力恶化了，故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，她拒绝让这件事影响她的事业。A. struggled努力；B. sught寻找；C. determined决定；D. refused拒绝。根据后文“In 2001, she c-wrte and”写了书说明她拒绝让这件事影响她的事业。故选D。
29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2001年，她与人合著并出版了自传“N Finish Line: My Life. As I See It.”。A. recmmended推荐；B. adapted适应；C. exhibited展示；D. published出版。根据后文“her autbigraphy, N Finish Line: My Life. As I See It”指她出版了自传“N Finish Line: My Life. As I See It”。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然Runyan曾希望参加2008年奥运会，但背部问题和手术导致未能如愿。A. prevented阻止；B. stimulated激励；C. enabled使能够；D. fueled加燃料。根据上文“Althugh Runyan had hped t jin the 2008 Olympic team, back prblems and surgery”中althugh表示转折，说明希望参加2008年奥运会，但背部问题和手术导致未能如愿，即阻止了她这么做。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：自2013年以来，Runyan一直担任马萨诸塞州沃特敦珀金斯盲人学校的教师和大使，该学校因其最著名的学生海伦·凯勒而闻名。A. referred t参考；B. talked with与……交谈；C. applied fr申请；D. served as担任。根据后文“teacher and Ambassadr fr the Perkins Schl fr the Blind in Watertwn”指Runyan一直担任马萨诸塞州沃特敦珀金斯盲人学校的教师和大使，故选D。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自2013年以来，Runyan一直担任马萨诸塞州沃特敦珀金斯盲人学校的教师和大使，该学校因其最著名的学生海伦·凯勒而闻名。A. respnsible负责的；B. renwned著名的；C. beneficial有益的；D. significant重要的。根据后文“mst famus student, Helen Keller”指该学校因其最著名的学生海伦·凯勒而闻名。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Runyan的成功表明了她坚定的决心、工作习惯和信念——残疾不应该限制一个人的潜力。A. influential有影响力的；B. different不同的；C. strng坚定的，强壮的；D. precius宝贵的。根据后文“her determinatin, wrk habits, and belief are”可知，之所以能够成功是因为坚定的决心、工作习惯和信念。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Runyan的成功表明了她坚定的决心、工作习惯和信念——残疾不应该限制一个人的潜力。A. ptential潜在的；B. principle原则；C. cmmitment承诺；D. creatin创造。根据上文“a disability shuld nt limit ne’s”以及Runyan没有让自己的残疾影响自己对运动的追求，说明残疾不应该限制一个人的潜力。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的旅程激励了无数人去追求自己的梦想，不管他们可能面临的挑战。A. appreciate感激；B. pursue追求；C. adjust调整；D. share分享。根据后文“their dreams, regardless f the challenges they may face”可知，她的故事激励人们面临挑战也要追求自己的梦想，故选B。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Taklimakan Desert, ___36___ (knw) as the “Sea f Death,” has been fully encircled with a sand-blcking green belt stretching (绵延) 3,046 km, said lcal authrity in nrthwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autnmus Regin.
On Thursday mrning, several plant species ___37___ (plant) n sandy land in Yutian Cunty n the suthern edge f the desert, marking the cmpletin f the final stretch f the green belt.
The Taklimakan cvers 337,600 square km, ___38___ (make) it the largest desert in China and the secnd-largest drifting desert in the wrld. It has taken mre than 40 years t ___39___ (cmplete) enclse the desert with a green belt. By the end f 2023, ___40___ 2,761-km-lng green belt had cnnected separated ases (绿洲), leaving nly the final, mst ___41___ (challenge) sectin.
The final part, ___42___ is apprximately 285 km lng, runs thrugh the suthern part f the desert and faces the mst severe wind and sand prblems. Since this year, Xinjiang has taken targeted and scientific ___43___ (measure) t clse this gap.
“Next, we will fcus n the verall envirnmental gvernance f the Taklimakan Desert. Cmbining bilgical ___44___ engineering sand-fixatin (固沙) effrts with slar farms, we will cntinue t widen the green belt ____45____ (prevent) the spread f sand surces,” said Wang, a directr f desertificatin cntrl f the reginal frestry and grassland administratin.
【答案】36. knwn
37. were planted
38. making 39. cmpletely
40. a 41. challenging
42. which 43. measures
44. and 45. t prevent
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国西北部新疆维吾尔自治区地方当局表示，被称为“死亡之海”的塔克拉玛干沙漠已被一条长达3046公里的沙障绿化带完全包围。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国西北部新疆维吾尔自治区地方当局表示，被称为“死亡之海”的塔克拉玛干沙漠已被一条长达3046公里的沙障绿化带完全包围。短语be knwn as表示“被称为”，过去分词作定语。故填knwn。
【37题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：周四上午，在沙漠南缘玉田县的沙地上种植了几种植物，标志着绿化带最后一段的完成。主语several plant species与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文On Thursday mrning可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were planted。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：塔克拉玛干沙漠面积33.76万平方公里，是中国最大的沙漠，也是世界第二大漂流沙漠。此处make与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填making。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：用绿化带把沙漠完全围起来花了40多年的时间。修饰动词enclse用副词cmpletely，故填cmpletely。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：到2023年底，一条2761公里长的绿化带连接了不同的绿洲，只剩下最后一个最具挑战性的部分。belt为泛指，且2,761是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：到2023年底，一条2761公里长的绿化带连接了不同的绿洲，只剩下最后一个最具挑战性的部分。修饰名词sectin用形容词challenging。故填challenging。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：最后一段大约285公里长，穿过沙漠的南部，面临最严重的风沙问题。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词The final part，在从句作主语，指物。故填which。
【43题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：今年以来，新疆采取了有针对性、科学的措施，努力缩小这一差距。前文没有冠词说明数量大于一应用复数形式。故填measures。
【44题详解】
考查连词。句意：“将生物和工程固沙与太阳能农场相结合，我们将继续扩大绿化带，防止沙源扩散，”地区林业和草原管理局荒漠化防治主任王说。短语cmbine…and…表示“把……和……结合”。故填and。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“将生物和工程固沙与太阳能农场相结合，我们将继续扩大绿化带，防止沙源扩散，”地区林业和草原管理局荒漠化防治主任王说。此处prevent在句中作目的状语，用不定式。故填t prevent。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是学生会主席李华，你校即将举办一场主题为“探索未来教育（Explring Future Educatin）”的英语演讲比赛，请你用英语给学校的外教Chris写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 比赛简介；
2. 邀请Chris担任评委。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
Li Hua
【答案】参考范文：
Dear Chris,
I’m Li Hua, chairman f the Student Unin. We are rganising a speech cntest themed “Explring Future Educatin” n the mrning f Feb. 22.
The event aims t encurage students t share their pinins n hw educatin will develp, fcusing n technlgy, innvative teaching methds, and the rle f lifelng learning. It will be held in the schl hall, with each participant giving a 5-minute speech.
We wuld be hnured if yu culd serve as ne f the judges fr this exciting event. Yur expertise and insights wuld be invaluable t the participants. Lking frward t hearing frm yu sn!
Best regards,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生以学生会主席李华的身份，给学校的外教Chris写一封邮件，向他介绍“探索未来教育”英语演讲比赛的情况，并邀请他担任比赛的评委。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
旨在做某事：aim t d→be intended t d, be meant t d
激励某人做某事：encurage sb. t d→mtivate sb. t d
关注：fcus n→cncentrate n
宝贵的：invaluable→precius, treasurable
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：It will be held in the schl hall, with each participant giving a 5-minute speech.
拓展句：It will be held in the schl hall where each participant will give a 5-minute speech.
【点睛】[高分句型1] We are rganising a speech cntest themed “Explring Future Educatin” n the mrning f Feb. 22. (运用了过去分词作定语)
[高分句型2] The event aims t encurage students t share their pinins n hw educatin will develp, fcusing n technlgy, innvative teaching methds, and the rle f lifelng learning. (运用了hw引导宾语从句、现在分词作状语)
第二节 （满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Every evening, after finishing his hmewrk r playing with his tys, 10-year-ld Gail wuld thrw everything int ne place — the space under his bed. It was easy and quick, and befre lng, he frgt abut it all. But as time passed, the mess under his bed grew int a muntain. Clthes, bks, brken tys, and frgtten snacks had all fund their way t his secret hiding spt.
One evening, his mm called frm dwnstairs. “Gail, can yu cme dwn here, please?” Gail sighed. He knew what was cming. His mm had asked him cuntless times t clean his rm, but he always prmised he’d d it later. Nw, he culdn’t ignre it anymre. When he walked int the living rm, his mm gave him that lk — the ne that tld him he was in truble.
“Gail,” she began, “yur rm is getting ut f cntrl. I knw it’s easy t just stuff things under the bed, but yu’re nt rganising anything. Yu’re hiding the mess.”
Gail frwned (皱眉). “But Mm, I dn’t knw where t put it all. If I clean it up, it’ll just get messy again.”
His mm’s face sftened. “I understand. But when yu keep everything hidden, yu can’t find what yu really need. Yu end up feeling mre frustrated (沮丧的), and the mess keeps grwing.”
Just then, Grandma Rse, wh had been visiting fr the day, walked in. She had a warm smile n her face and a twinkle in her eye. “I hear smene needs a little help with rganising,” she said, sitting dwn beside Gail.
Gail ndded, lking dwn at his hands. “I dn’t knw hw t keep it tidy. It feels like t much wrk.”
Grandma smiled gently. “Well, when I was yung, I used t put my things in piles (堆), much like yu d nw. But ne day, I realised smething: my things weren’t helping me when they were just piled up. They were getting in the way f what I wanted t d. S, I decided t find a better way.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Gail’s eyes lit up with curisity.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The next day, they tk the pile f things they had gathered t a lcal charity.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文：
Gail’s eyes lit up with curisity. “What did yu d, Grandma?” he asked eagerly, his vice filled with wnder. Grandma smiled and ndded. “Well, I srted thrugh my things, kept what mattered, and gave the rest t charity.” As Grandma spke, excitement grew within Gail. Feeling inspired, he std up. “I want t d that t!” With that, he started by clearing everything under the bed. Under Grandma’s guidance, he began t srt thrugh the pile, piece by piece and then categrised it int things t keep, dnate, and thrw away. Slwly, the mess faded away and the rm started t take shape.
The next day, they tk the pile f things they had gathered t a lcal charity. As they handed ver the things, the warm smile f the vlunteers made Gail’s heart swell with a mix f emtins — relief, pride, and a new sense f respnsibility. “It feels gd t help thers,” he said quietly when they drve back. Lking at the tidy and neat rm, Gail realised that keeping things rganised can bring jy, nt just t himself, but t thers as well. Frm then n, Gail made sure t put his things in the right place and nly keep what he truly needed. Cleaning up didn’t feel like such a big task anymre.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物的成长为线索展开，讲述了10岁的Gail总把东西扔到床底，房间杂乱无章，妈妈为此批评他，他表示不知如何整理。来拜访的Rse奶奶听说后，分享自己曾也如此，后通过整理、捐赠等让物品变得井然有序。Gail受到鼓舞开始整理自己的杂物，还和奶奶将物品捐给慈善机构，他觉得帮助别人的感觉非常好，此后学会整理物品，打扫不再是难事。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Gail的眼睛充满了好奇”可知，第一段可描写Rse奶奶和Gail分享自己处理杂物的故事，Gail受到鼓舞也行动起来，整理自己的杂物。
②由第二段首句内容“第二天，他们把收集到的那堆东西捐给了当地的一家慈善机构”可知，第二段可描写Gail在捐赠的过程中体会到美好的感觉，意识到整理东西不仅能让自己快乐，还能帮助他人，从那以后可以把自己的东西放得井井有条。
2. 续写线索：Gail好奇——Rse奶奶分享故事——Gail受到激励，整理东西——Gail和Rse奶奶去捐赠东西——Gail体会到美好——Gail的感悟及改变
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①重要：matter/cunt/weigh
②分类：categrise/classify
③消失：fade away/disappear/vanish
④意识到：realise/recgnize
情绪类
①迫切地：eagerly/avidly/enthusiastically
②兴奋：excitement/thrill/exhilaratin
③高兴：jy/delight/happiness
【点睛】[高分句型1] Well, I srted thrugh my things, kept what mattered, and gave the rest t charity. (what引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] As they handed ver the things, the warm smile f the vlunteers made Gail’s heart swell with a mix f emtins — relief, pride, and a new sense f respnsibility. (as引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型3] Lking at the tidy and neat rm, Gail realised that keeping things rganised can bring jy, nt just t himself, but t thers as well. (现在分词Lking…作状语、that引导宾语从句、动名词keeping…作主语)