高考英语二轮-完形填空之说明文和议论文（讲义）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-完形填空之说明文和议论文（讲义）（学生版），共10页。学案主要包含了注重文章尾段的结论解题6，考查利用段落主题句解题7，考查利用说明顺序解题8等内容，欢迎下载使用。
\l "_Tc17226" 01考情透视·目标导航2
02 \l "_Tc18151" 知识导图·思维引航3
\l "_Tc25540" 03考点突破·考向探究4
\l "_Tc20799" 考点一 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题4
【 \l "_Tc19212" 真题研析】4
\l "_Tc29041" 考点二 注重文章尾段的结论解题6
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】6
\l "_Tc29325" 考点三 考查利用段落主题句解题7
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】7
\l "_Tc29325" 考点四 考查利用说明顺序解题8
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】8
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 9
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】12
完形填空之说明文和议论文
附其它卷区考情
考点一 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
Imagine the first days in a new time zne . Slw t respnd t the 28______ , yur bdy clck is cnfused. Yu're sleepy all day, but when it's time fr bed, yu can hardly fall asleep. Obviusly yu're 29 _________jet lag(时差反应）.
B. change C. demand D. climate
frm B. wrking n C. lking int D. leading t
考点二 注重文章尾段的结论解题
（2022·全国·高考真题）
A number f 13 ruled ut that the children misunderstd what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our yung subjects 14 the questins and knew 15 what was asked f them. Their 16 t the questins reflected their true 17 that “I can see yu nly if yu can see me, t.” They simply 18 mutual (相互的) recgnitin and regard. Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket ver her head, it is nt a result f egcentrism. In fact, children cnsider this methd 20 when thers use it.
13．A．instructinsB．descriptinsC．experimentsD．assumptins
14．A．cmprehendedB．predictedC．explredD．ignred
15．A．partlyB．hnestlyC．vaguelyD．exactly
16．A．respnsesB．apprachesC．cntributinD．sensitivity
17．A．abilityB．beliefC．identityD．purpse
18．A．hld backB．relate tC．insist nD．make up
19．A．limitatinsB．requirementsC．theriesD．findings
20．A．tentativeB．impressiveC．creativeD．effective
考点三 考查利用段落主题句解题
（2018·上海·高考真题）
T be sure, mre than half f teens still engage in these activities, but the 4 have slimmed cnsiderably. Teens have als reprted a steady decline in sexual activity in recent decades, as the prtin f high schl students wh have had sex fell frm 54 percent in 1991 t 41 percent in 2015, accrding t Centers fr Disease Cntrl statistics. u Peple say, 'Oh, it's because teenagers are mre respnsible, r mre lazy, r mre bring, ' but they're 5 the larger trend," said Jean Twenge, lead authr f the study, which drew n seven large time-lag surveys f Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less 6 in activities such as dating, driving r getting jbs because in tday's sciety, they n lnger need t.
4．A．minritiesB．majritiesC．massesD．amunts
5．A．takingB．avidingC．sendingD．missing
6．A．interestedB．enviedC．relievedD．realized
考点四 考查利用说明顺序解题
After studying architecture in Chaux-de-Fnds, the yung Le Crbusier 4 his hmetwn, travelling t Italy then n t Budapest and Vienna. He 5 came t Paris and settled there fr years. Later, he learned German in rder t 6 a jb in the Berlin ffice f Peter Behrens, wh is ften referred t as the first ever industrial designer.
4．A．leftB．missedC．rememberD．mentined
5．A．suddenlyB．eventuallyC．secretlyD．casually
6．A．fferB．arrangeC．cancelD．land
完形填空说明文的特点：
文体特征
说明文完形填空考查考生通篇把握全文，根据上下文的逻辑关系，综合运用所学语言基础知识,进行分析﹑推理﹑判断的能力和语篇分析理解能力。检测考生在阅读理解的基础上对英语语言知识综合运用的能力。
说明文是以“说明”为主要表达方式，用来说明情况、阐明事理的一种文体。它通过介绍情况、说明事物的特征，给人以正确思想或科学知识。
说明文完形填空一般的结构模式是：提出问题－发现直接原因－分析深层原因－得出结论或找到出路。考查学生对语言材料的理解能力、分析判断能力和逻辑思维能力。说明文的写作目的是授人以知，让人明白，说明文只是说明事物的特征，阐明原理，介绍知识。考生容易摸清文章线索，抓住主题。
应试技巧
1．利用说明文首句，明确说明对象
2．关注内在联系，把握说明顺序
常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等)。
3．逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项
对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定式”，根据全文大意和文不离句、句不离文的原则逐项选择。针对说明文独有的文体特点，解答时一定要注意从上下文意义、惯用法、固定搭配、逻辑推理、常识等角度去考虑和判断，并注意其内在联系。
完形填空议论文的特点：
文体特征
议论型完形填空有以下特点：
1、首句制胜，论点明确
议论型完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。
2、结构清晰，脉络有序
议论文的三要素为论点、论据和论证。论点和论据形成一体，相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚，行文流畅，会使用一些连接词，如：n the cntrary, all in all, in shrt, generally speaking, wrse still, n the ther hand, in cnclusin, as a cnsequence等。
3、按一定的方法论证
议论型完形填空中的论点都是按一定的方法来论证的。常用的论证方法有：归纳法（分析个别事物，进而推断出这类事物的共同点，得出结论）；推理法（从原理出发，个别分析说明，得出结论）；对照法（正反对照，先分析说明，后得出结论）；驳论法 （阐述错误观点，逐条批驳，阐明观点）。
应试技巧
议论型完形填空的应试技巧
1、叙议有机结合
对于夹叙夹议型的完形填空要把叙和议有机地结合起来。有的考生没有注意到这一点，他们只顾选某一部分的答案，而没有注意到事件与论点之间的关系。
2 、遵循狠抓首句原则
对于议论型完形填空，在掌握全文主旨的情况下抓住每段的首句是做好试题的关键。一项调查表明，英语中60%到90%的议论文的主旨句都是段落的首句。抓住了每段的首句，再理解文章就容易多了。
3、 理清文章的论点、论据和结论
议论型完形填空与记叙型完形填空相比，稍微难了一些。一般来说，记叙文是按时间的先后顺序进行描述的，我们只要把握事件发生和发展的过程，就能将文章脉络把握好。然而议论型完形填空就不那么简单了，如果我们不清楚文章的论点、论据和结论，就只能莽撞地答题了，其结果可想而知。所以理清文章的论点、论据和结论是做好议论型完形填空的关键。
（2024·北京西城·二模）Yu may have heard f the famus wrkplace cmmunicatin sftware, Slack. Many cmpanies use Slack t virtually cmmunicate acrss teams. What mst peple dn’t knw is that Slack, despite its 1 , was never meant t exist. In fact, the cmpany wh develped Slack actually had been hping t create the next ppular vide game. But after raising millins f dllars t fund the game develpment, the cmpany ultimately 2 the prject because the game failed t attract enugh users.
The 3 gal f the cmpany wasn’t achieved. Hwever, during the prcess f creating their game, smething else happened. The team realized that the 4 system they created t accmpany the game was wrth investing mre time in. And they 5 t invent the cmmunicatin system idea fr ne f the fastest-grwing startups (初创公司) in histry, and Slack was brn.
An utcme-fcused cmpany might have just mved n frm the failed vide game r, wrse, cntinued investing resurces, risking further negative utcmes. But 6 , this cmpany didn’t d that. 7 , they had been paying attentin t the prcess. Fcusing n the prcess allwed this cmpany t 8 and redefine their desired utcme.
Yu’ve prbably heard a qute r tw in yur life abut the 9 f “the jurney”—hw ften the jurney is mre significant and impactful than the 10 . The cmpany that develped Slack understd this principle, and by fcusing n the prcess rather than the utcme, they were able t achieve greater success than they first had hped fr.
1．A．prblemB．histryC．successD．limitatin
2．A．tk dwnB．shut dwnC．cut dwnD．passed dwn
3．A．immediateB．generalC．realD．initial
4．A．chatB．signC．cntrlD．pwer
5．A．intendedB．managedC．pretendedD．prmised
6．A．luckilyB．naturallyC．likelyD．hpefully
7．A．TherefreB．StillC．ThusD．Instead
8．A．predictB．achieveC．adaptD．watch
9．A．riginB．challengeC．imprtanceD．purpse
10．A．distanceB．destinatinC．determinatinD．directin
（议论文）A persn may have an idea abut himself that will prevent him frm ding gd wrk.
He may have the belief that he is nt capable f it. A child may think he is stupid because he desn’t understand hw t make the 1 f his mental faculties（才能）. Older peple may be mistaken that they are incapable f learning smething new because f their 2 .
A persn wh believes that he is incapable will nt make a real 3 because he feels that it wuld be useless. He wn’t g at a jb with cnfidence necessary fr success and he wn’t wrk his hardest way, even thugh he may think he is ding s. He is 4 likely t fail, and the failure will strengthen his belief in his cmpetence.
Alfred Alder, a famus dctr, had an experience like this. When he was a small by, he had a pr start in maths. His teacher tld his parents he had n ability in maths in rder that they wuld nt 5 t much f him. In this way, they als 6 the idea. He accepted their mistaken thinking f his ability, felt that it was useless t 7 and was very pr at maths, just as they expected.
One day he wrked at a prblem which 8 f the ther students had been able t slve. Alder 9 in slving the prblem. This gave him cnfidence. He nw wrked with interest, determinatin and purpse, and he sn became especially gd at 10 . He nt nly prved that he culd learn maths well, but luckily he learned early in his life frm his wn experience that if a persn ges at a jb with determinatin and purpse, he may astnish himself as well as thers by his ability.
1．A．biggestB．mstC．highestD．deepest
2．A．abilityB．ageC．brainD．knwledge
3．A．decisinB．successC．effrtD．truble
4．A．trulyB．reallyC．hweverD．therefre
5．A．blameB．expectC．getD．win
6．A．develpedB．rganizedC．discveredD．fund
7．A．manageB．succeedC．tryD．act
8．A．nneB．nthingC．everybdyD．nbdy
9．A．gaveB．succeededC．failedD．believed
10．A．lessnsB．medicineC．subjectsD．maths
考点
目标要求
年份
卷别
体裁
主题
文章词数
考情分析
完形填空之说明文和议论文
考查在具体语境中理解词语表达的得体性和准确性
2022
全国乙卷
说明文
人际关系
254
根据新高考三年的考情分析，完形填空说明文和议论文主要集中考查：动词及动词短语、名词、形容词、副词等实词在完形填空语篇中的得体性和准确性。但它们更注重考查文章的逻辑性和文章结构。
2025年高考很有可能考说明文或议论文。近几年一直在考记叙文，为了避免思维定式，25年考说明文的可能性更大。
2022
浙江卷
议论文
人与自我——诚信
266