


高考英语二轮-语法填空之掌握非谓语动词运用精髓(重难专练)(北京专用)(学生版)
展开 这是一份高考英语二轮-语法填空之掌握非谓语动词运用精髓(重难专练)(北京专用)(学生版),共17页。试卷主要包含了主被动关系+句法功能速判,固定搭配+逻辑关系双保险等内容,欢迎下载使用。
突破点:使用谓语动词r非谓语动词?
1.先找句子主干:判断空格所在句 / 分句是否已有谓语动词(关注时态、主谓一致)
2.再看连接词:空格前有并列连词(and/but/r)→ 大概率填谓语动词(与前文谓语并列);无连接词→ 大概率填非谓语动词(作修饰成分)
考点一:考查非谓语动词用法,且在句中作定语。
1.(2021北京高考真题)The findings shw a critical need ______ (invest) in disaster preventin.
答案:t invest
解析:句意:研究结果表明,迫切需要投资于防灾工作。不定式t invest作后置定语,修饰need,表“投资防灾的迫切需求”。
2.(2022北京高考真题)Fearful that he might have an intentin ______ (harm) her, Helen started t run.
答案:t harm
解析:句意:由于担心他可能有伤害她的意图,海伦开始跑了起来。固定搭配“have an intentin t d sth.”,不定式t harm作后置定语,表“有伤害她的意图”。
3. (2022北京高考真题)One thery, increasingly ______ (supprt) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
答案:supprted
解析:句意:一种日益得到专家支持的理论认为,气味偏好是后天习得的。supprt与thery为被动关系,用过去分词作定语,表“被专家支持的理论”。
4.(2023北京高考真题)She called fr actin t address the struggles f peple arund the wrld ______ (face) “t little water r t dirty water”.
答案:facing
解析:句意:她呼吁采取行动,解决全球范围内面临“水资源匮乏或水质恶劣”困境的人们所遭遇的难题。
face与逻辑主语peple为主动关系,用现在分词作定语,表“面临缺水或脏水问题的人们”。
5.(2024北京高考真题)Taking the time ______ (rest) allws us t develp a deeper sense f self-awareness.
答案:t rest
解析:句意:花时间休息能让我们培养更深层次的自我意识。不定式t rest作后置定语,表“...的时间”。
考点二:考查非谓语动词用法,且在句中作目的状语。
6.(2023北京高考真题)She called fr actin ______ (address) the struggles f peple arund the wrld facing “t little water r t dirty water”.
答案:t address
解析:句意:她呼吁采取行动,解决全球范围内面临“水资源匮乏或水质恶劣”困境的人们所遭遇的难题。
不定式t address作目的状语,表“呼吁行动的目的是解决问题”。
考点三:考查非谓语动词用法,且在句中作原因、结果、伴随等状语。
7.(2021北京高考真题)There has been a dramatic rise in the number f extreme weather events ver the past 20 years, ______ (cause) largely by rising glbal temperatures.
答案:caused
解析:句意:在过去20年里,极端天气事件的数量显著增加,这主要是由全球气温上升引起的。
cause与a dramatic rise为被动关系,用过去分词作原因状语,表“由全球变暖导致”。
8.(2021北京高考真题)Frm 2000 t 2019, there were 7,348 majr natural disasters arund the wrld, ______ (result) in USD 2,970 billin in ecnmic lss.
答案:resulting
解析:句意:2000年至2019年,全球共发生7348起重大自然灾害,造成了2.97万亿美元的经济损失。
result与natural disasters为主动关系,用现在分词作结果状语,表“导致经济损失”。
9.(2024北京高考真题)Just then, sme kids ran at him, ______ (knck) his bks ut f his arms.
答案:kncking
解析:句意:就在这时,一些孩子朝他跑去,把他怀里的书撞掉了。
knck与逻辑主语sme kids为主动关系,用现在分词作状语,表伴随结果。
考点四:考查非谓语动词用法,且需要考虑其他状语从句的省略情况。
10.(2023北京高考真题)When ______ (see) frm afar, the mangrve frests appear mre splendid.
答案:seen
解析:句意:从远处看,红树林显得更加壮丽。when引导的时间状语从句省略“they are”,see与mangrve frests为被动关系,用过去分词。
11.(2024北京高考真题)And when (ask) abut his new title, he shared the secret: mderatin (适度).
答案:asked
解析:句意:当被问及他的新头衔时,他分享了秘诀:适度。结合语意,when 引导的时间状语从句中,主语为 he,且 ask 与 he 之间是被动关系,应用被动语态 be asked,状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句中含有 be 动词形式,则从句中的 “主语 + be 动词” 可以省略,故填 asked。
12.(2025北京高考真题)When ______ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences.
答案:traveling/travelling
解析:句意:旅行时,我们会接触不同的文化,体验多样的经历。
when引导的时间状语从句省略“we are”,travel与we为主动关系,用现在分词。
考点五:考查非谓语动词用法,且在句中作宾语补足语或涉及固定搭配。
13.(2025北京高考真题) I smetimes call him back, wrried that he might have smene (scare).
答案:scared
解析:句意:我有时会把他叫回来,担心他可能会吓到别人。“have sb. dne” 表示 “使某人被……”,“smene” 与 “scare” 之间是被动关系,即某人被吓到,用过去分词作宾语补足语,故填 scared。
(建议用时:15分钟)
【类型一:在句中作状语】
1.Gvernments are investing heavily in advanced technlgies _______________ (prevent) cyberattacks.
2._______________ (respect) widely, he was named the man wh built the underwater Great Wall.
3._______________ (inspire) by this upward trend, he jined a travel startup...
4.My mther is in hspital, _______________ (battle) cancer.
5._______________ (respnd) t their appeals and making the city a better place.
6.Users can dwnlad, change and even run it lcally _______________ (satisfy) their specific technical requirements.
7.The cmpany excels in integrating the jurney int the adventure itself, _______________ (ensure) travelers discver the interesting places...
【类型二:在句中作定语】
8. It is cnsidered a warming herb, meaning that it is believed t relieve pain and discmfrt _______________ (assciate) with cld and damp cnditins.
9.I nticed there was an lder pr gentleman _______________ (sit) at the bus stp.
10.Whales find a way _______________ (avid) such damage.
11.Ne Zha 2, _______________ (base) n a Chinese flk character, earned mre than 8 billin yuan...
【类型三:省略情况及在句中作宾补、固定搭配】
12.Every day, I make it a pint _______________ (visit) her and bring alng a bunch f flwers.
13.When _______________ (view) frm a distance, wetlands lk very peaceful and beautiful.
14.Her aim is t inspire thers _______________ (share) with the less frtunate selflessly.
15.While _______________ (wrk), he pursued a cllege degree.
16. I was amazed they had learned enugh English _______________ (rganize) such an event altgether.
17.Traditinally it has tw panels _______________ (attach) t a single waistband...
(建议用时:15分钟)
【类型一:在句中作状语】
1.(2025·北京东城·一模)These kind strangers had circled back, ____________ (spt) shes and even picking them up fr us.
2.(2025·北京海淀·二模)Many prefer green juice r prtein-tpped salads ____________ (manage) weight.
3.(2025·北京朝阳·二模)Fr pp stars, smetimes ____________ (accuse) f using aut tune t plish their singings, live perfrmance prves their talent.
4.(2025·北京朝阳·二模)The essence f learning is extreme repetitin and persistence until yu becme experienced thrugh practice, skilled enugh ____________ (apply) what yu gain and eventually frm muscle memry.
5.(2025·北京朝阳·二模)Real change never cmes vernight unless yu accept the lng and slw prcess, ____________ (set) aside impatience and anxiety.
6.(2025·北京西城·一模)The new schl will make use f Tsinghua’s strengths, ____________ (highlight) AI’s rle in educatin and research.
7.(2025·北京东城·一模)AI acts as a smart tl, persnalizing lessns ____________ (match) each student’s pace and needs, which makes learning mre effective.
【类型二:在句中作定语】
8.(2025·北京朝阳·一模)The Ecnmist analyzed 347,000 PhD abstracts ____________ (publish) between 1812 and 2023.
9.(2025·北京西城·二模)This rice-shaped starch (淀粉) prduct ____________ (make) frm ptates, is underging initial prductin in Zhatng, Yunnan.
10.(2025·北京西城·二模)Using a new technlgy, this innvative prduct has the ptential ____________ (turn) ptates int a widely accepted staple fd in China.
【类型三:省略情况及在句中作宾补、固定搭配】
11.(2025·北京东城·一模)When ____________ (use) wisely, AI can transfrm educatin fr the better.
12.He spent the whle afternn ________________ (repair) the ld bike fr his neighbr.
13.In my mind, they’re helping us t becme calm and cnsider ____________ (win) and slving real prblems as well.
14.After the accident, the plice asked the witness t describe what she had seen and fund the damaged car _____ _______________ (abandn) by the radside with n ne arund.
(建议用时:15分钟)
Passage 1
My mther is in hspital, 1 (battle) cancer. Every day, I make it a pint 2 (visit) her and bring alng a bunch f flwers. This mrning was n different, but she gt mad at me. She asked me nt t spend mney n flwers, insisting that I use it t help peple in need. At that mment, 3 I witnessed was the beautiful way a mther’s lve culd ripple ut int the wrld.
Passage 2
It’s difficult 1 (understand) jargn-filled (充满行话的) writing that academics have lng been accused f. T track academic writing ver time, The Ecnmist analyzed 347,000 PhD abstracts 2 (publish) between 1812 and 2023. They fund that the abstracts have becme harder t read. Thugh specializatin and advances in technlgy require mre precise terms, the trend f unreadable academic writing 3 (grw) strnger. Clear and simple writing wuld be a breath f fresh air.
Passage 3
Scrlling thrugh the phne, Zhang Yang nticed Chngqing subway-thrugh-building vides were gaining massive attentin. Curius, he searched the data and fund that the freign turist arrivals 1 (keep) rising steadily even befre these vides OSS surfaced. 2 (inspire) by this upward trend, he jined a travel startup and set abut designing persnalised cultural trips. As a result, his 3 (bking) have dubled these days, prving that such trips are attracting mre freign travelers than crwded turist spts when they lk fr meaningful cnnectins with lcal culture.
考点
五年考情(2021-2025)
命题趋势
考点1考查非谓语动词用法,且在句中作定语
(5年5考)
2021北京卷—t invest;
2022北京卷—t harm;
2022北京卷—supprted;
2023北京卷—facing;
2024北京卷—t rest。
1.重点考查不定式作定语、目的状语,现在分词作伴随/结果状语,过去分词作定语、宾补。
2.要求考生在具体语境中判断非谓语动词的用法,而非孤立记忆语法规则。
3.从简单考查形式转向侧重非谓语动词与逻辑主语的主动/被动关系、动作的先后顺序等深层逻辑。
4.关注“位置关系”与“主被动逻辑”。
5.关注“动作逻辑”与“功能目的”,即目的状语用不定式(常含“为了”含义);伴随/结果状语用现在分词(主动关系);原因/条件状语用过去分词(被动关系)。
考点2考查非谓语动词用法,且在句中作目的状语
(5年1考)
2023北京卷—t address
考点3考查非谓语动词用法,且在句中作原因、结果、伴随等状语
(5年3考)
2021北京卷—caused;
2021北京卷—resulting;
2024北京卷—kncking。
考点4考查非谓语动词用法,且需要考虑其他状语从句的省略情况
(5年3考)
2023北京卷—seen;
2024北京卷—asked;
2025北京卷—travelling。
考点5考查非谓语动词用法,且在句中作宾语补足语或涉及固定搭配
(5年1考)
2025北京卷—scared。
谓语r非谓语? 黄金口诀
无谓填谓看时态,并列从句谓必在;
有谓非谓看连接,介词之后 ding 来;
主动 ding 被动 dne,目的 t d 记心怀;
使役感官主动 d,被动 t 来把位排。
需要用动词不定式作定语的常见情况
一、被修饰的名词是不定式动作的逻辑宾语
1.关键特点:不定式与被修饰名词构成动宾关系。
Eg. I have a lt f tasks t finish befre the cllege entrance examinatin.(tasks 是 finish 的宾语)
2.高考易错点: 若不定式为 不及物动词,需补充必要介词。
Eg. There is n need fr us t argue abut such trivial matters.(need 是 argue abut 的逻辑宾语,不及物动词 argue 后补介词 abut)
二、被修饰的名词是不定式动作的逻辑主语
关键特点:不定式与被修饰名词构成主谓关系,即被修饰名词是不定式动作的执行者,常见于表示“人”或“物”的名词后。
He is always the first student t arrive at the classrm and the last t leave.( student 是 arrive/leave 的逻辑主语)
三、被修饰的名词是抽象名词,不定式说明其内容/用途
高频抽象名词:
ability, chance, chice, decisin, desire, duty, effrt, failure, hpe, intentin, plan, prmise, right, pprtunity, wish 等。
四、序数词、最高级、the nly/last/first 等限定词后接不定式
分词作定语的区别
核心标准:逻辑关系+时间状态
分词形式
逻辑关系(中心词与分词)
时间状态
核心含义
ding
主动关系(中心词是动作发出者)
进行中/经常性
“正在做…的”“常做…的”
dne
被动关系(中心词是动作承受者)
已完成/状态存续
“被…的”“已…的”“处于…状态的”
分词作定语的判断(3步搞定)
1.找中心词:确定被修饰的名词/代词(如“the girl”“the bk”);
2.析逻辑:判断中心词与分词动作的关系。
中心词“发出”动作→用ding;
中心词“承受”动作→用dne;
3.验状态:补充验证时间(ding表“进行”,dne表“完成”)。
非谓语动词在句中作目的状语
1.基本结构
句末(最常用):主句 + t d sth.
句首(强调目的):T d sth., 主句(用逗号隔开)
2.与分词作状语的混淆:
(t d表目的,ding表伴随/结果)
例:He ran t the statin, breathing heavily.(breathing 表伴随,不是目的)
例:He ran t the statin t catch the last train.(t catch 表目的,是核心逻辑)
非谓语动词作状语
形式
判定
例句
注意
原因
ding(主动:主句主语是动作发出者)
dne(被动:主句主语是动作承受者)
t d(仅用于少数形容词/动词后,表“因……而……”)
位置:可置于句首(逗号隔开)或句末,前后句意存在“因果逻辑”(前因后果)。
标志:常隐含“because/since/as”的含义,可通过还原成原因状语从句验证。
1.Being ill(=Because he was ill), he didn’t attend the meeting.
2.Frightened by the sudden nise(=Because she was frightened by the sudden nise), she screamed.(被动:她被惊吓→尖叫)
3.He was sad t hear the bad news(=He was sad because he heard the bad news).(仅适用于“be+adj.+t d”结构)
避免逻辑主语不一致:
误句:Seeing frm the tp f the hill, the city lks beautiful.
(改正:Seen frm... 城市是“被看见”)
结果
ding(主动/自然结果:主句动作直接导致的顺理成章的结果)
t d(意外/出乎意料的结果:常与nly连用,表“不料……”)
dne(被动结果:主句主语是动作承受者,少见,需结合语境)
位置:仅置于句末,逗号隔开,前后句意是“动作→结果”(后为前的必然/意外产物)。
标志:ding表自然结果时,可还原为“s that+从句(顺承)”;t d表意外结果时,常带nly,还原为“but unexpectedly...”。
1.He wrked day and night, finally finishing the prject(=s that he finally finished the prject).(自然结果:日夜工作→完成项目)
2.He rushed t the statin, nly t find the train had left(=but unexpectedly fund...).(意外结果:匆忙赶站→不料火车已开)
3.The city was hit by a hurricane, left in ruins(=s that it was left in ruins).(被动结果:城市遭飓风→沦为废墟)
ding:结果是“可预见、顺理成章”;
t d:结果是“意外、遗憾”,必带nly。
伴随
ding(主动伴随:主句主语是动作发出者,与主句动作同时发生)
dne(被动伴随:主句主语是动作承受者,与主句动作同时发生)
位置:句末(逗号隔开)或句中,表“主句动作发生时,同时存在另一个动作/状态”,可还原为“and+并列句”或“while/when+分词短语”。
核心:“同时性”“补充说明动作方式/状态”,无因果关系,仅为伴随场景。
1.She walked alng the street, singing happily(=and she sang happily).
2.He std there, surrunded by his students(=and he was surrunded by his students).(被动伴随:站着时被学生围住)
与结果状语区分:
伴随是“同时发生的动作”,结果是“动作之后产生的影响”。
例:He fell ff the bike, hurting his knee.(结果:摔下来→伤膝盖);
He rde the bike, listening t music.(伴随:骑车时→听音乐)
考点速记
原因状语:ding/dne放句首,隐含“because”;t d仅用于“be+adj.+t d”。
结果状语:nly t d(意外),ding(自然),必放句末。
伴随状语:ding/dne表“同时动作”,无因果,仅补充。
非谓语动词在状语从句中的省略
一、核心省略条件(必须同时满足)
1.状语从句(无论时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、比较等)的主语 与主句主语一致;
2.从句谓语中含be动词(am/is/are/was/were)。
二、省略逻辑与形式
省略从句的“主语+be动词”,保留非谓语动词(根据与主句主语的逻辑关系选择形式):
•主动关系→用现在分词(ding);
•被动关系→用过去分词(dne);
•将来/目的关系→用不定式(t d,仅适用于条件、目的类从句)。
三、常考从句类型及例句
1.方式状语从句(as/thugh引导)
原句:She std there as if she was waiting fr smene.
省略:She std there as if waiting fr smene.(主动,she与wait为主动关系)
2.比较状语从句(than/as引导)
原句:He runs faster than he was expected.
省略:He runs faster than expected.(被动,he与expect为被动关系)
3.地点状语从句(where/whenever引导)
原句:Plants shuld be planted where they are needed mst.
省略:Plants shuld be planted where needed mst.(被动,plants与need为被动关系)
4.让步状语从句(thugh/althugh/even if引导)
原句:Thugh he was defeated many times, he never gave up.
省略:Thugh defeated many times, he never gave up.(被动,he与defeat为被动关系)
5.条件状语从句(if/unless引导)
原句:If yu are asked t help, yu shuld try yur best.
省略:If asked t help, yu shuld try yur best.(被动,yu与ask为被动关系)(不定式表将来:Unless yu are t finish the task, dn’t stay up.→Unless t finish the task, dn’t stay up.)
易错提醒
主语不一致时 不可省略,需用独立主格结构:
错误:When crssing the street, a car hit him.(从句逻辑主语为“人”,主句主语为“car”,不一致)
正确:When he was crssing the street, a car hit him. / When crssing the street, he was hit by a car.
从句为“be+介词短语/形容词”时,省略后保留介词短语/形容词:
原句:Thugh she was in pr health, she kept wrking.
省略:Thugh in pr health, she kept wrking.
不定式t不可省略的情况:从句中为“be t d”结构时,省略后保留t d:
原句:If we are t succeed, we must wrk hard.
省略:If t succeed, we must wrk hard.
一、非谓语动词作宾语补足语
宾补是补充说明宾语的动作或状态,需根据前面的谓语动词(使役、感官、请求等)选择非谓语形式,核心分3类:
1. 接 t d 作宾补(表“动作未发生/主动”)
常见谓语动词:ask, tell, want, wish, encurage, persuade, require, rder, remind, frce, expect, allw, permit 等。
核心逻辑:宾语是动作的执行者,且动作多为“将要发生”或“主动进行”。
2. 接 ding 作宾补(表“动作正在进行/持续”)
常见谓语动词:keep, leave, have, find, catch, ntice, see, hear, watch, feel 等。
核心逻辑:宾语是动作的执行者,且动作处于“正在进行”的状态,或强调“持续”。
3. 接 dne 作宾补(表“被动/完成”)
常见谓语动词:have, get, make, find, see, hear, keep, leave 等。
核心逻辑:宾语是动作的承受者,动作已完成或表被动状态。
易错点提醒:
•使役动词(make, let, have)和感官动词(see, hear, watch, feel)后接宾补时,主动态省 t(d),但被动语态需还原 t(be dne → t be dne):
主动:He made me laugh.(他让我笑了)
被动:I was made t laugh by him.(我被他逗笑了)
•固定结构 “have sb d sth(让某人做某事)” vs “have sb ding sth(让某人一直做某事)” vs “have sth dne(让某事被做)”:
二、非谓语动词固定搭配
1. 只能接 ding 作宾语的固定搭配
admit, avid, cnsider, enjy, finish, mind, practice, suggest, keep, miss, escape, risk, delay, deny, imagine, allw(后接 ding,接 sb 需用 allw sb t d), permit(同allw用法), frbid(同理), give up, put ff, feel like, be used t(习惯于), lk frward t, pay attentin t, , stick t, bject t, get used t, can’t help(忍不住), be busy, have difficulty (in) ding 等。
2. 只能接 t d 作宾语的固定搭配
want, hpe, wish, decide, plan, attempt, manage, agree, prmise, refuse, affrd, pretend, ffer, fail, happen, seem, tend, be willing t, be ready t, in rder t, s as t, make up ne’s mind t, determine t 等。
接 t d/ding 意义不同的核心短语
短语
接 t d 含义
接 ding 含义
remember
记得要做(未做)
记得做过(已做)
frget
忘记要做(未做)
忘记做过(已做)
regret
遗憾要做(未做)
后悔做过(已做)
try
努力做(尽力)
尝试做(试探)
mean
打算做(意图)
意味着(结果)
stp
停下来去做(另一件事)
停止做(正在做的事)
g n
继续去做(另一件事)
继续做(正在做的事)
三、高考核心易错提醒
1.介词后接 ding(除 but, except 外,若前面有实义动词 d,可接不带 t 的 t d):
○He has n chice but t wait.(他别无选择只能等待——前面无 d,接 t d)
○He did nthing but wait.(他什么也没做,只是等待——前面有 d,接不带 t 的 t d)
2.固定搭配中 “t 为介词” 的高频短语(易误接 t d):lk frward t, pay attentin t, devte t, stick t, bject t, be used t(习惯于),后接 ding:
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