专题01 动词的时态和语态及主谓一致(复习课件)(全国通用)2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练
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这是一份专题01 动词的时态和语态及主谓一致(复习课件)(全国通用)2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练
2026年高考英语 二轮复习动词的时态、语态及主谓一致专题01考点一 一般现在时的时态、语态及主谓一致考点二 一般过去时的时态、语态及主谓一致考点三 现在完成时态和语态及主谓一致考点四 过去完成时态和语态及主谓一致考点五 考查现在完成进行时、现在进行时、过去进行时与将来进行时及主谓一致考点六 考查一般将来时、将来完成时和过去将来时及主谓一致考点七 被动语态和主谓一致高频总结考点八 时态、语态及主谓一致的综合运用剖析考情动向 精研考点分布析·考情精解part one01析·考情精解构·知能架构part Two02搭建知识网络 整合能力体系构·知能架构将来时:一般将来时、过去将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时过去时:一般过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时、过去进行时常考动词时态的被动语态形式及意义具有特殊意义的被动语态主动表被动的动词及形式语法上一致意义上一致就近一致主谓一致在单句语境中,准确运用时态和语态及主谓一致的能力在语篇情境中,正确运用时态和语态及主谓一致的能力在写作中,灵活运用时态和语态正确表达自己的能力破·考点攻坚part THREE03破解考点规律 攻克解题难关考点一 一般现在时的时态、语态及主谓一致真题动向1. (2025年全国二卷·语法填空61;1.5分)And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 61. _______ (be) one of them. 本句描述的是一般事实,时态用一般现在时is2. (2025年全国一卷·语法填空61;1.5分)A decent winner always 61_________ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” tries本句描述的是一般事实,时态用一般现在时考点一 一般现在时的时态、语态及主谓一致真题动向考点一 一般现在时态和语态及主谓一致必备知识一般现在时和一般过去时是近几年语法填空必考的语法项目,而且考查的均是最基本的用法。知识 1 表示经常性的动作。【记住这些时间状语标志词是快速解题的关键】常与usually,always,often,sometimes,never,every day等表示频度的时间状语连用。 On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work.星期一早晨,我通常花费一小时开车去上班。知识 2 表示客观真理、格言或者警句等。表示客观真理时,即使主句是一般过去时,宾语从句还要用一般现在时。 As we all know, the earth travels around the sun.众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。 一般现在时考点一 一般现在时态和语态及主谓一致必备知识1. 表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作。谓语动词是come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, live, fly等,可以用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。 My dream school starts at 8:30 am and ends at 3:30 pm. 我理想的学校上午8:30上课,下午3:30放学。2.在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting. 如果你今天下午过来,我们将开个会。考点一 一般现在时态和语态及主谓一致关键能力一般现在时常与usually,always,often,sometimes,never,every day等表示频度的时间状语连用。 We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是相互关心、相互帮助。能力 1 根据语境中的时间标志词,迅速判断一般现在时 Take Christmas as an example. At its heart lies the story of Jesus Christ’s birth, a symbol of love, hope and rebirth. This festival is celebrated worldwide, showing the agreement of faith and culture across borders.以圣诞节为例,其核心是耶稣基督诞生的故事,象征着爱、希望与重生。这个节日在全球范围内庆祝,体现了跨越国界的信仰与文化的共识。(描述客观事实)能力 2 根据具体的命题情境,准确判断客观事实能力 3 根据具体的命题情境,准确判断客观真理 The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. 地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。能力 4 根据具体的命题情境,准确判断人物的特征、性格、能力等 Mr Smith hates fish and never eats any. 史密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃鱼。考点一 一般现在时态和语态及主谓一致命题预测1. (2026·江苏省镇江南京联盟校联考)Altay, located in the northwest frontier of China, 36 __________ (border) Mongolia to the east, Kazakhstan to the west, and Russia to the north.考向 1 客观事实borders考查时态和主谓一致。句意:阿勒泰位于中国西北边疆,东邻蒙古,西邻哈萨克斯坦,北邻俄罗斯。空处作谓语,句子描述的是客观事实,所以使用一般现在时,主语Altay是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数形式borders,表示“与……接壤”。故填borders。2.(2026·宁夏银川一中月考)In China, young people are exploring new side businesses. These include teaching Chinese, giving Chinese names to foreigners, and working as foreign language tour guides. This trend 36 ______________________ (drive) by the increasing popularity of inbound (入境的) tourism.考查动词语态。句意:这一趋势是由入境旅游日益流行所推动的。主语This trend与动词drive之间是被动关系,且描述当前情况,应用一般现在时的被动语态;也可以表示正在进行的动作,使用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is driven或is being driven。is driven或is being driven考点一 一般现在时的被动语态命题预测3. He _______ (play) ping-pong quite well, but He hasn’t had time to play since the near year.考向 2 人物的特征、性格、能力等plays考查一般现在时。句意:他打乒乓球打得还不错,但近一年来一直没时间打球。解读:我乒乓球打得好是一种能力,不会因短期缺乏训练而变差。 所以用一般现在时。故填plays。本题是一道易错题,学生很容易误填played,他们认为:他过去乒乓球打得好,因为他最近一年没练(所以现在乒乓球打得不好)。乒乓球打得好是一种技能和能力,不会在短期内有大的变化,是一种特征。故填一般现在时。考点一 一般现在时的被动语态命题预测4. (2026·河北省保定市部分高中高三上学期开学)The vibrant Naadam festival, a cornerstone of Mongolian culture in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 36__________ (continue) to attract large numbers of locals and tourists each summer. 考向 3 根据时间标志词判断一般现在时continues考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:那达慕节是中国北部内蒙古自治区蒙古族文化的基石,每年夏天都吸引着大量的当地人和游客。分析句子成分可知,主语是The vibrant Naadam festival,是单数第三人称。句中的时间状语each summer表明这是一个经常性、习惯性的动作,应用一般现在时。因此,谓语动词continue需用第三人称单数形式。故填continues。主语是单数考点二 一般过去时的时态、语态及主谓一致真题动向1. (2025年北京卷·语法填空18,1.5分)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 18______ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, which accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 考查时态。句意:然而,根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告,去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾,这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。根据“last year”可知,描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,“leave”的过去式是“left”。故填left。left考点二 一般过去时的时态、语态及主谓一致真题动向根据“标志性时间状语”快速解决时态问题1. 试题中有yesterday, last night,a few days ago,the other day等过去时间标志,要想到用一般过去时。2. 本题中的last year就是标志性的过去时间状语,故很快就判断出用一般过去时。考点二 一般过去时的时态、语态及主谓一致真题动向2. (2024•新高考Ⅱ卷·语法填空61,1.5分) A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, 61__________ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.was built考查时态和语态。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词,根据时间状语“Two years later”可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”,单数,和动词“build”之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was built。 考点二 一般过去时的时态、语态及主谓一致真题动向3. (2024•新高考Ⅱ卷,58,1.5分) “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 58 ______ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.”考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词,根据句意以及定语从句时态可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“some of the things”,复数。故填were。were考点二 一般过去时的时态、语态及主谓一致真题动向4. (2022•新高考I卷,1.5分) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。故填were。were1.本题中的解题关键是:previously (之前地),可是很多考生不知道这个词的意思,造成解题失误。如果考生不能准确理解文章的意思,试题中will也对考生造成误导,由将来时转到一般过去时的跨度较大。再者,本句还是一个长难句。2.找准试题中的时间关键线索是解题的关键所在。3.高考试题中的主谓一致一般难度都较小,只要我们能判断出真正的主语是谁或者说主语的核心词是谁就可以了。本题中areas是主语,故用were。考点二 一般过去时的时态、语态及主谓一致真题动向5. (2022•新高考Ⅱ卷)He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ______ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 考查过去式。句意:他迅速把工具扔到一边,伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构,设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词,意为“扔”,过去时为threw。故填threw。threw根据 “并列谓语动词”解决时态问题1. 当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时,它们之间可能是同时发生,也可能有一定的先后关系,我们可以根据这种谓语动词的关系来判定时态。同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词的时态要一致。2. 本题中的looked up and saw ,started就是断定空处时态的隐含时间线索。考点二 一般过去时的时态、语态及主谓一致必备知识一般过去时1.基本用法 表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示具体的过去时间状语连用,如yesterday, last month, just now, the other day, three days ago, in 1989等。【记住这些时间状语标志词是快速解题的关键】 The other day I came across an old friend on the top of Mount Tai. 前几天,我在泰山顶上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。考点二 一般过去时的时态、语态及主谓一致必备知识2.常见句型:【高频再现】。①It is time that sb. should do/did sth. 该到……的时候了②It is/has been+一段时间+since...did sth. 自从做某事已经一段时间了③would/had rather sb. did sth. 宁愿某人做某事It is time that we took action to protect our environment.该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。As far as I know,it is/has been three years since he joined the army.据我所知,他参军三年了。④句中暗含有表示过去的时间状语。【难点提醒】George said that he would come to school to see me the next day,but he didn’t.乔治说他会在第二天来学校看我,但是他没有来。1. 在时间、条件等状语从句中,常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her. 他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。2. 表达“原以为/本来认为/原希望”等意义时,know,think,expect等动词常用一般过去式。 Much to my disappointment,the film is not as moving as I expected. 使我非常失望的是,这部电影不像我原来预料的一样感人。考点二 一般过去时的时态、语态及主谓一致考向 1 考查一般过去时的被动语态命题预测1. (2026·河北省保定市高三上学期10月摸底)Bathed in green-blue tones, the stage of Hollywood’s iconic Dolby Theatre transformed into a living scroll Friday night, as performers moved like brushstrokes across a vast canvas (画布) in a poetic Chinese dance. Titled “The Journey of a legendary Landscape Painting,” the dance 56______________ (inspire) by Wang Ximeng’s 12th-century masterpiece “A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains.”was inspired考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:这支名为《只此青绿》的舞蹈,灵感源自12世纪王希孟的传世名作《千里江山图》。空处为句子谓语动词,主语the dance与inspire之间是被动关系,且此处陈述过去的事实,用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为第三人称单数,助动词用was。故填was inspired。 本题中的解题关键是:just-concluded (刚刚结束的),这是个隐形的时间标志词,留心这个词,时态问题就迎刃而解。考点二 一般过去时的时态、语态及主谓一致考向2 考查根据具体的过去时间状语判断一般过去时命题预测2.(2026·河北省河北十六校联考)In ancient times, people 57________ (divide) the 15 days of White Dew into three phases: First, wild geese arrive; second, swallows return south; third, birds begin to store food. divided考查时态。句意:古代,人们将白露节气的15天分为三候:一候鸿雁来,二候玄鸟归,三候群鸟养羞。根据上文In ancient times可知发生在过去,用一般过去时。故填divided。考向 3 考查根据隐含的过去时间状语判断一般过去时3.(2026·江苏省部分高中高三上10月阶段性检测)Wang is one of 17 whose works 57____________ (choose) to exhibit at the just-concluded event.were chosen考查动词时态和语态。设空处使用动词作whose引导定语从句的谓语动词,此处works与choose之间是被动关系,同时句子表述过去事实,故使用一般过去时的被动语态,主语works为复数,be动词用were。故填were chosen。考点三 现在完成时态和语态及主谓一致真题动向1. (2024年1月浙江高考真题·语法填空62,1.5分)If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 62______________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 考查现在完成时。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装,设计成两半,拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知,此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。have started真题动向2. (2022•全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao __________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.has walked考查动词时态及主谓一致。在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知,此处应用现在完成时。故填has walked。考点三 现在完成时态和语态及主谓一致根据“标志性时间状语”快速解决时态问题1. 试题中有since,so far,up to now,in the last/past few years等与现在相关的时间标志,要想到用现在完成时。2.上面试题中的over the past 20 years, In the last five years,since the effort started two years ago,In the last five years就是标志性的与现在相关的时间状语,故很快就判断出用现在完成时。必备知识现在完成时1.基本用法 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常用的时间状语:already,so far,never,just,before,recently,for a long time,in the past/last few years等。 Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. 在过去的10年中我们的城市发生了很大变化。2.常见用法①表示过去已经开始,一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态,常与“since+时间点”或“for+时间段”等表示一段时间的状语连用。 He moved here in 2019 and he has lived here ever since. 他2019年搬到这里,自那之后他一直住在这里。②现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作。 Please return the book to me when you have finished it.当你读完这本书请归还给我。考点三 现在完成时态和语态及主谓一致必备知识【高频再现】注意牢记以下固定句型:① It is/has been+时间段+since... 表示“自从……以来已经……”。 It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university. 我大学毕业已十年了。② This/It/That is the first/second/third...time that... 表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”,that从句中要用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次游览这座城市。③ This is+the+形容词最高级+名词+that...结构, that从句要用现在完成时。 This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。考点三 现在完成时态和语态及主谓一致 注意避免思维定式:一看到for+时间段,就用动词的现在完成时。一定要看语境强调是“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(一般过去时),还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。 He lived in America for many years and now he lives in China. 他在美国定居多年,现在他生活在中国。 Dashan has lived in China for many years.大山在中国住了许多年。考向 1 考查根据具体的时间状语判断现在完成时命题预测1. (2026·河北省保定市高三上学期10月摸底)Since its first public performance in Beijing in August 2021, The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting 62___________ (become) a hit in China, with over 740 performances in over 70 cities at home and abroad.has become考查时态。句意:自2021年8月在北京首次公开演出以来,《只此青绿》已成为中国的热门作品,在国内外70多个城市上演了740多场。根据时间状语Since its first public performance in Beijing in August 2021可知,本句应用现在完成时,主语The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting指千里江山图这幅画,为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has become。考点三 现在完成时态和语态及主谓一致2.(2026·山西省三重教育高三学情检测)Since the 1980s, authorities in Dunhuang 54_____________ (carry) out international cooperation in the protection of cultural relics.have carried考查动词时态。此处为谓语动词,主语authorities与carry为主动关系,再根据时间状语“Since the 1980s”可知,这里应用现在完成时;主语authorities为复数,所以用have carried。故填have carried。考向 2 考查固定句型中的现在完成时命题预测1.This is the first time in my life that I ___________ (take) part in such a grand celebration. have taken考查动词时态。句意:这是我一生中第一次参加如此盛大的庆祝活动。本句使用了固定句型This is the first time in one’s life that sb. have/has done sth.,表示“这是某人一生中第一次做某事”,其中that引导的从句需要用现在完成时,即have/has done的形式。根据句子主语I可知,助动词应该用have,take的过去分词是taken。故填have taken。2.It is the second year in a row that Suzhou _____________ (top) the ranking. has topped考查动词时态。句意:这是苏州连续第二年荣登榜首。It is the second year...that...为固定句型,从句使用现在完成时,主语为Suzhou,助动词用has。故填has topped。考点三 现在完成时态和语态及主谓一致考向 3 考查现在完成时的被动语态命题预测1. (2026·江苏省部分高中高三上10月阶段性检测)Wang Rongbi is an embroidery (刺绣) designer from Guizhou in Southwest China. Over the past week, Wang 56_______________ (glue) to her cellphone, eagerly awaiting updates about Milan Fashion Week.has been glued考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语Over the past week为现在完成时的时间标志;且主语Wang与glue之间为被动关系,所以应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been glued。考点三 现在完成时态和语态及主谓一致2. (2026·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三上学期十月月考)Imagine walking through a busy market in Guangzhou, the air filled with the smell of freshly steamed dim sum (点心). This is the heart of Cantonese cuisine, a culinary (烹饪的) tradition that 36_________________ (celebrate) for its charm and flavor over centuries.has been celebrated考查时态语态。that引导定语从句,指代先行词a culinary tradition,在从句中作主语,空处作从句的谓语,根据over centuries可知,句子应用现在完成时,celebrate与主语a culinary tradition之间是被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态,主语是单数,助动词用has。故填has been celebrated。考点四 考查过去完成时态、语态及主谓一致真题动向1. (2025年北京卷·语法填空15,1.5分)Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you 15__________ (make) several decisions even without noticing.考查时态。句意:当你刷牙的时候,你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知,此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作,时态应用过去完成时,谓语用had made。故填had made。had made真题动向2. Over the next three or four million years, the blue whales grew 10 times bigger than they 65___________ (be), the scientists say.had been考查时态。科学家们表示,在接下来的三四百万年里,蓝鲸的体型比原来大了10倍。结合句意可知,此处be表示的动作发生在动词“grew”之前,即表示“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故填had been。考点四 考查过去完成时态、语态及主谓一致根据“标志性时间状语”快速解决时态问题1. 试题中有By the time you brushed your teeth, Over the next three or four million years等过去完成时的时间标志,要想到用过去完成时。2. 判断过去完成时,一定要深刻理解“过去的过去”这一理念。必备知识过去完成时1.基本用法 表示到过去某一时间之前动作已经完成即“过去的过去”,常见的时间状语有by...,until...,when...,before...等。【解题关键】 When he was in Beijing, he visited places where he had played as a child. 他在北京的时候游览了他儿时曾玩过的地方。 By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had already graduated from college. 杰克从英国回到家时,他的儿子已经大学毕业了。考点四 考查过去完成时态、语态及主谓一致必备知识2.常见用法① 表示一个过去的动作先于另一过去的动作发生,这种情况多见于宾语从句。 He remembered that he had left the key at home. 他记得他把钥匙落家了。② 过去完成时的常用句型【高频再现】It was the first/second...time that... 这是第一/第二 ……次…… It was the third time that the boy had been late. 这是那个男孩第三次迟到了。had hardly...when 刚……就……;had no sooner...than 一……就……。如: I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。 He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。考点四 考查过去完成时态、语态及主谓一致 表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose 等,用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。 We had expected that you would be able to win the match. 我们原来预料你们能够赢比赛。考向 1 考查根据时间状语判断过去完成时命题预测1. (2026·辽宁名校联盟高三联考)By the time I remembered, the apples 63__________ (go) bad, I never saw them, so I never ate them.has gone考查动词时态。“苹果坏了”这个动作发生在“我想起来”这个过去的动作之前,这是典型的“过去的过去”,所以要用过去完成时,其结构为“had +过去分词”。go的过去分词是gone,所以应填had gone。故填had gone。2.(2026·河北省保定市部分高中联考)The festival proved economically significant: by the morning of July 21, the main venue alone 53_____________ (welcome) over 200,000 visits, generating revenue exceeding 60 million yuan ($8.4 million) — a 40% year-on-year increase.had welcomed考查时态。句意:事实证明,该节日具有巨大的经济效益:截至7月21日上午,仅主会场就接待了20多万人次,收入超过6000万元(840万美元),同比增长40%。分析句子可知,句中的时间状语by the morning of July 21(到7月21日早上为止)是一个典型的过去完成时的标志。它表示在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作,需用过去完成时:had + 过去分词。故填had welcomed。考点四 考查过去完成时态、语态及主谓一致考向 2 考查固定句型中的过去完成时命题预测1.Though it was the first time that I __________ (visit) the small town, I fell in love with it at first sight.had visited考查时态。句意:尽管我是初次到访这个小镇,却已一见倾心。主句谓语部分fell in love with使用一般过去时,空处visit这个动作发生于fell in love with之前,表示过去的过去,应使用过去完成时。故填had visited。2.Hardly ______ the police received the emergency call when they rushed to the scene.had考查动词时态。句意:警察一接到报警电话就赶到了现场。这里用了hardly… when…句型,表示“一……就……”,“警察接到报警电话”发生在“赶到现场”之前,主句时态应用过去完成时,且hardly置于句首,句子部分倒装,had放在主语the police之前。故填had。考点四 考查过去完成时态、语态及主谓一致考向 3 考查根据动作的先后判断过去完成时命题预测1. It surprised the whole world that Yuan Longping _____________ (realise) his dream of developing seawater rice.had realised考查过去完成时。句意:袁隆平实现了开发海水稻的梦想,这让全世界都感到惊讶。that引导主语从句,设空处在从句中作谓语,且与其主语Yuan Longping之间为主动关系;根据语境并结合surprised可知,设空处动作发生在surprised之前,故此处应用过去完成时。故填had realised。考点四 考查过去完成时态、语态及主谓一致考向 4 考查过去完成时的被动语态1. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _________________(carry out) in the past two years. had been carried out考查时态和语态。句意:上个月我被派到村里去看看过去两年的发展计划是如何实施的。本空为how引导的宾语从句的谓语,carry out“实施”这一动作发生在was sent之前,时态用过去完成时,主语the development plan和carry out为被动关系,需用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been carried out。考点五 考查现在完成进行时、现在进行时、过去进行时与将来进行时及主谓一致真题动向1. (2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Henry __________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.考查动词时态。句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams,可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。was fixing (2026·重庆市巴蜀中学校高三月考)Over the past year, the brand 42 ________________________ (educate) customers on how to care for the more expensive PFAS-free garments. 考查时态。句意:在过去的一年里,该品牌一直在教育顾客如何保养更昂贵的不含PFAS的服装。结合时间状语over the past year以及语境可知,本句强调从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作,应用现在完成时,主语the brand是第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has been educating。has beeneducating必备知识进行时1.现在完成进行时的用法谓语动词的构成:has / have been+doing基本用法(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间,一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。 For days the kids have been looking for others we can help. 几天以来,孩子们一直在找我们能够帮助的其他人。(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。 I have been calling him many times this morning,but there's no answer. 今天早晨我一直给他打了很多电话,但是没人接。考点五 考查现在完成进行时、现在进行时、过去进行时与将来进行时及主谓一致必备知识2.现在进行时谓语动词的构成:am / is / are +doing基本用法(1)表示此刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态,常与时间状语now, at the moment, at present等连用。 He is watching a football match on TV at home now. 他现在正在家里看电视上的足球赛。(2)一些特定的表示动作趋向性的短暂性动词come, go, leave, get, start, open, arrive, begin, return等常用现在进行时表将来。 I am leaving for Shanghai to attend an important international meeting. 我要出发去上海参加一个重要的国际会议。(3)现在进行时态与频率副词always, constantly连用表达某种感情色彩,如不满、厌恶、赞赏等。 You are always forgetting the important thing. 你总是把重要的事情忘掉。(表达出不满的情绪)考点五 考查现在完成进行时、现在进行时、过去进行时与将来进行时及主谓一致必备知识3.过去进行时谓语动词的构成: was / were +doing基本用法(1)过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。 He was playing basketball with his friends on the playground at 3:00 pm yesterday. 昨天下午3点他正在操场与他的朋友们一起打篮球。(2)表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。 She was watching TV when a burglar broke into her house. 她正在看电视,这时一个盗贼闯入她家。(3)表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作,此用法常见动词有go, begin, leave, arrive, come, return等。 I was coming to visit you later that day,but I had to phone and cancel. 我本打算那天晚些时候去看你,但是我不得不打电话取消了。考点五 考查现在完成进行时、现在进行时、过去进行时与将来进行时及主谓一致4.将来进行时谓语动词的构成: will be doing基本用法表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作,或预测将来会发生的事情。 This time next week I'll be lying on the beach.下星期这个时候,我正躺在海滩上。命题预测1. Marty _______________(work) really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday. has been working考查动词时态。句意:马蒂一直在努力写他的书,他认为他会在星期五之前完成。此处应为谓语动词,根据句意以及下文中的“he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.”可知,Marty应该是在过去开始写书,一直写到现在,并将在星期五完成,所以此处使用现在完成进行时,且与句子主语Marty之间为主动关系,且主语为第三人称单数。故填has been working。2. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ___________ (work) on the project day and night to meet the deadline these days.is working考查时态和主谓一致。空格处是谓语动词,根据时间状语these days可知,应该用现在进行时表示现阶段一直正在进行的动作;本句的主语是Professor Smith, along with his assistants,根据就远原则,谓语动词要和前面的名词Professor Smith保持一致,故使用单数形式。故填is working。考点五 考查现在完成进行时、现在进行时、过去进行时与将来进行时及主谓一致真题动向1. (2026·四川省成都外国语学校期中)China ________________ (reduce) the carbon dioxide emissions a lot by 2030, the vice premier told the media.考查动词时态。句意:中国副总理告诉媒体,到2030年,中国将大大减少二氧化碳的排放。 分析句子可知,reduce是谓语动词,根据时间状语by 2030可知,表示将来要完成的动作,用将来完成时,故填will have reduced。will have reduced This morning, I was worried that no one _________ (will) talk to me. But I was wrong. I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all. 考查动词时态。句意:今天早上,我还担心没人会跟我说话。但我错了。我一点也不觉得尴尬或害怕。分析句子可知,句中“was worried”表明整体语境为过去时态,宾语从句中“will” 需用过去式“would”,与主句时态保持一致,表达过去对未来情况的担忧,应用过去将来时。故填would。would考点六 考查一般将来时、过去将来时和将来完成时及主谓一致 必备知识考点六 考查一般将来时、过去将来时和将来完成时及主谓一致 1.将来完成时的用法①将来完成时的构成为“will+have+done”。主要表示某一动作到将来某个时间为止已完成,上下文情景中常含有by短语,如by six o'clock,by the weekend,by the end of next month等。②过去将来完成时(would have done)表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作,多与宾语从句和虚拟语气连用。2.过去将来时①谓语动词的构成:would do sth. was / were going to do sth. ②基本用法 过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态,常用于宾语从句中。 The shop would soon close,and all the people would go home. 这个商店不久将关闭,所有的人将回家。必备知识3.一般将来时的用法①将来时的构成为“will/shall/be going to+动词原形”表示一个将要发生的动作或状态。②表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。③will,shall表示将来,有时含偶然性、临时性决定的意思。④be to do和“be going to+动词原形”表示计划、打算要做某事,此外,be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。⑤“祈使句+and/or+句子”,这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。⑥某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要做的事情,此种用法常常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。⑦“be doing”表示近期的出行安排或事情即将发生,此结构中的动词一般为位置移动动词。考点六 考查一般将来时、过去将来时和将来完成时及主谓一致 命题预测考点六 考查一般将来时、过去将来时和将来完成时及主谓一致 1. You’d better give me my book, otherwise I __________ (fail) in my test. will fail考查动词时态。句子描述将来要发生的事情,应用一般将来时,其结构为“will + 动词原形”。故填will fail。3. The father had hoped that his daughter ___________ (learn) to be satisfied so that the smallest joys in life appeared much bigger. would learn考查时态。从句表达将来的动作,结合上文had hoped可知从句应用过去将来时,谓语应用would+动词原形。故填would learn。2. He____________________________ (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year.will have learned/will have learnt考查时态。空处为主句谓语动词,根据by the time引导的从句“he graduates from the university next year”可知,主句陈述将来某时间前已经完成的动作,应用将来完成时。故填will have learned/learnt。真题动向1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空60,1.5分)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 考查时态和主谓一致。walk sb. through,意为“带领某人穿过……”,空处为本句谓语动词,根据上文可知,本句时态为一般现在时,主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。walks考点七 被动语态和主谓一致高频总结2.(2022•新高考I卷)After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ____________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语单数,谓语单数形式。故填is designed。is designed主语谓语被动关系必备知识被动语态的高频考点(1)不能用被动语态的特殊动词 ①系动词类(look,seem,feel,taste,sound,prove,appear等)。 ②表示主语特征的词(read,wash,write,sell,wear,lock等),常与not,hardly,well,easily,badly,nicely等副词连用。 This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布料容易洗。(2)get构成的表示被动的短语 此类短语主要有get paid/lost/hurt等。 We get paid every week. 我们按周获得薪酬。考点七 被动语态和主谓一致高频总结必备知识(3)主动形式表示被动意义 ①在need,want,require,deserve,bear等动词;worth等形容词的后面,动名词主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。②在某些“主语(人/物)+be+形容词+不定式”中不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。 The problem is difficult to work out. 这道题很难计算出。考点七 被动语态和主谓一致高频总结必备知识主谓一致的 “三原则”“语法一致”原则1.可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数;可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数。2.在定语从句中,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致。3.单个的动词-ing形式、名词性从句作主语,谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时,谓语动词用复数。4.主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than等连接另一主语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 “就近一致”原则1.由either ...or ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but also ...等连接的并列主语或者在there be句型中,谓语动词常与最邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。2.在There be句型中,若有几个并列成分作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式由最邻近的主语决定。考点七 被动语态和主谓一致高频总结必备知识“意义一致”原则1.集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词则用单数形式;若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词则用复数形式。常见的集体名词有:family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。2.“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数及其表示的意义;all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。“a number of+名词”作主语,其谓语动词常用复数形式;“the number of+名词”作主语,其谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。 考点七 被动语态和主谓一致高频总结命题预测1. (2026·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学月考)Cantonese cuisine highly 57______ (value) fresh ingredients and simple cooking methods. values考查时态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语,根据上下文时态可知,句子应用一般现在时,陈述一般事实。value与主语Cantonese cuisine之间是主动关系,主语是不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填values。2. (2026·吉林省吉林市高三第一次调研)An exhibition displaying such letters, called qiaopi, 57______________ (hold) now in Shantou, Guangdong province, marking the 80th anniversary of victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-1945) and the World Anti-Fascist War.is being held考点七 被动语态和主谓一致高频总结考查时态语态和主谓一致。hold(举办)是谓语动词,与主语An exhibition之间是被动关系,结合时间状语“now”可知,讲述现在正在发生的事情,应用现在进行时的被动语态,主语是单数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。故填is being held。必备知识1.动词的时态和语态及主谓一致考点的解题关键: 通过“标志性状语”解决时态问题 在题干中,yesterday, tomorrow, always, since, in the past few years, over the years, by+时间, so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语,做题时可以通过寻找这些标志性状语来判定时态。 通过“并列谓语动词”解决时态问题 当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时,它们之间可能是同时发生,也可能有一定的先后关系,我们可以根据这种谓语动词的关系来判定时态。同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词的时态要一致。通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题 有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过“语境暗示”,正确分析语境也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。 通过“时态定义”解决时态问题 准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。考点八 时态、语态及主谓一致的综合运用必备知识 通过“固定句式”解决时态问题掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方法。【高频再现】(1) It's (high) time sb did sth表示“正是某人做某事的时候”,从句要用一般过去时。(2) It is/has been ... since ... 表示“自从……以来……”,since 之前用一般现在时或现在完成时,since后用一般过去时或接表示过去的时间状语。(3) sb was/were doing sth when sb did sth表示“正在做某事,这时突然……”。(4)“It/This/That is/was+the+形容词最高级+n.+定语从句”句型中,定语从句的时态用现在/过去完成时。(5)“It is/was the first time+that从句”句型中,从句的时态一般用现在/过去完成时。(6) hardly, scarcely, barely+过去完成时+when+一般过去时,表示“一(刚)……就……”。(7) no sooner+过去完成时+than+一般过去时,表示“一(刚)……就……”。考点八 时态、语态及主谓一致的综合运用必备知识(8) by (the end of)+过去时间,句子谓语动词用过去完成时,表示“到过去某时为止,已经做了某事”。(9) by (the end of)+将来时间,句子谓语动词用将来完成时,表示“到将来某时为止,已经做了某事”。(10)“祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句”,陈述句用一般将来时。(11)在时间、条件状语从句中,主句用一般/过去将来时,从句用一般现在/过去时。(12)在宾语从句中,如果主句用一般过去时,从句应用过去的某种时态;从句表示客观事实或真理,用一般现在时。通过“逻辑关系”解决语态问题 有时候做题时,我们对于时态问题比较关注,但往往忽略了语态,因此我们可以采用“先语态、后时态”的方式。解决语态问题主要是根据谓语动词与句子主语之间的逻辑关系,二者为主动关系用主动语态,是被动关系则用被动语态。主谓一致把握三原则即可。(语法填空中主谓一致的难度较小,一般就是根据真正主语的单复数判断谓语动词的单复数)。 考点八 时态、语态及主谓一致的综合运用命题预测(2026·广东省部分学校高三上学期十月联考模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(标黄题号为本专题考点) The number of Chinese artificial intelligence (AI) companies 1 (rise) sharply to more than 5,000 in the past five years, according to data released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology at the World Smart Industry Expo. In 2020, there 2 (be) only 1,454 AI companies in the country. China has 3 (successful) set up over 40,000 smart factories, 11 national pilot zones for AI innovation and application, as well as 17 national demonstration zones for intelligent connected vehicle testing. A 60 billion-yuan (about 8.4 billion US dollars) national AI industry investment fund has been launched, 4 (accompany) by rules on AI ethics (伦理), China-BRICS center for AI development and cooperation, and over 240 standards for core AI technologies. China has placed strong emphasis on promoting 5 (it) AI industry. In 2017, the State Council released 6 development plan for the next generation of AI. In 2025, it followed up with guidelines on advancing the “AI Plus” initiative, designed 7 (speed) up the building of an intelligent economy and a smart society, 8 are characterized by human-machine cooperation, cross-sector integration and shared innovation. “The 9 (sustain) development of China’s AI industry comes from drawing on the valuable experience of early movers, 10 making full use of self-advantages like abundant data resources, a complete industrial system, broad application situations and vast market potential,” said Wan Gang, president of the China Association for Science and Technology.考点八 时态、语态及主谓一致的综合运用has risenweresuccessfullyaccompanieditsato speedwhichsustainableand语篇类型:新闻报道主题语境:人与社会话题:中国人工智能产业的发展成就、政策措施和未来展望副词谓语时态谓语时态非谓语动词代词非谓语动词冠词定语从句形容词连词2026年高考英语 二轮复习感谢观看THANKS
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