北京市平谷区高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）-A4

这是一份北京市平谷区高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）-A4，共20页。试卷主要包含了考试结束，请将答题卡交回等内容，欢迎下载使用。
注意事项
1．本试卷共12页，包括三部分，满分100分。考试时间90分钟。
2．在答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级和姓名。
3．试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
4．在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。
5．考试结束，请将答题卡交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Becky Schreder was nly 10 years ld when she came up with an idea f the glwing (发光的) paper (gl-paper). The ___1___ came t her when she tried t d her hmewrk in the car, while her mther shpped fr grceries. It was getting dark, and she culdn’t see her ntebk very well. She imagined hw nice it wuld be t have a paper that glws in the dark and ___2___ her t write effrtlessly withut light.
Mst kids will stp that ___3___, but Becky tk it a step further. She decided t invent a prduct that wuld d just that.
She researched flurescent (荧光灯) and hw fireflies ___4___ and eventually remembered seeing glw in the dark tys, such as balls and Frisbees. She started researching hw they wrked and fund ut they all used phsphrescent (发磷光的) paint which ___5___ energy when a light shines n it and then radiates it as a glw in the dark, after the light is switched ff.
The next day she went with her dad t the stre and returned hme with a bucket f phsphrescent paint. In the darkest rm, she spent the evening ___6___ with the paint and a pile f paper. The gl-paper cnsists f a bard ___7___ with phsphrescent paint that stres light when expsed t light. It then glws in the dark. She said, “Yu must find it very ___8___ , because nce a sheet f paper is placed n it, it glws and yu can see yur writing r read withut the need fr an uter surce f light.”
The ___9___ was a huge success. It has been used by phtgraphers fr their dark rms, emergency medical peple in ambulances and _____10_____ by NASA wh asked t use it when their electrical systems were turned dwn fr recharging.
1. A. inspiratinB. wisdmC. dreamD. interest
2. A. demandsB. frcesC. prmisesD. allws
3. A. intentinB. imaginatinC. requestD. faith
4. A. flew ffB. reflected ffC. lit upD. let ut
5. A. stresB. givesC. changesD. remains
6. A. achievingB. packingC. equippingD. experimenting
7 A. mixedB. wentC. catedD. cnnected
8. A. differentB. magicalC. uniqueD. attractive
9. A. inventinB. impactC. planD. prject
10. A. stillB. justC. everD. even
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小女孩Becky Schreder发明发光纸（gl-paper）的过程以及这项发明在实际应用中的成功。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她妈妈在买杂货时，她试图在车里做作业时，突然有了这个灵感。A. inspiratin灵感；B. wisdm智慧；C. dream梦想；D. interest兴趣。根据后文“when she tried t d her hmewrk in the car, while her mther shpped fr grceries. It was getting dark, and she culdn’t see her ntebk very well”可知，在黑暗的环境里看不清笔记本，由此产生了发明发光纸的想法，这是一种“灵感（inspiratin）”。故选A项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她想象着如果能有一种能在黑暗中发光的纸，让她不用灯就能轻松地写字，那该多好啊。A. demands要求；B. frces强迫；C. prmises承诺；D. allws允许。根据前文“have a paper that glws in the dark”可知，这种纸能在黑暗中发光，所以“允许（allws）”她在没有灯的情况下写字。故选D项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：大多数孩子都会停止这种想象，但贝基更进一步。A. intentin意图；B. imaginatin想象；C. request要求；D. faith信念。根据前文“She imagined hw nice it wuld be t have a paper that glws in the dark”可知，此处指是她的“想象（imaginatin）”。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她研究了荧光灯和萤火虫如何发光，并最终想起看到过在黑暗中发光的玩具，比如球和飞盘。A. flew ff飞走；B. reflected ff反射；C. lit up点亮，发光；D. let ut放出。根据“flurescent (荧光灯)”和“fireflies”可知，此处指的是荧光灯和萤火虫如何“发光（lit up）”。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她开始研究它们的工作原理，发现它们都使用了荧光漆，这种漆在光照时会储存能量，然后在关灯后在黑暗中发光。A. stres储存；B. gives给予；C. changes改变；D. remains保持。根据后文“when a light shines n it and then radiates it as a glw in the dark, after the light is switched ff”可知，这种漆在光照时会“储存（stres）”能量，关灯后发光。故选A项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在最黑暗的房间里，她花了一个晚上用油漆和一堆纸做实验。A. achieving实现；B. packing打包；C. equipping装备；D. experimenting实验。根据后文“with the paint and a pile f paper”可知，此处指的是她用油漆和纸做“实验（experimenting）”。故选D项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：发光纸由一块涂有荧光漆的板组成，这种漆在暴露于光线下时储存光线。A. mixed混合；B. went去；C. cated涂层；D. cnnected连接。根据后文“with phsphrescent paint that stres light when expsed t light”可知，此处指的是板上“涂（cated）”有荧光漆。故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说：“你一定会觉得很神奇，因为一旦把一张纸放在上面，它就会发光，你就可以看到你的字或者阅读，而不需要外部光源。”A. different不同的；B. magical神奇的；C. unique独特的；D. attractive吸引人的。根据后文“because nce a sheet f paper is placed n it, it glws and yu can see yur writing r read withut the need fr an uter surce f light”可知，这种纸很“神奇（magical）”。故选B项。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项发明非常成功。A. inventin发明；B. impact影响；C. plan计划；D. prject项目。根据前文内容可知，本文主要讲述Becky Schreder发明发光纸的过程，所以此处指的是这项“发明（inventin）”很成功。故选A项。
【10题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：它已被摄影师用于暗室，救护车上的急救医务人员，甚至美国国家航空航天局也要求在他们关闭电力系统进行充电时使用它。A. still仍然；B. just只是；C. ever曾经；D. even甚至。根据前文“phtgraphers fr their dark rms, emergency medical peple in ambulances”可知，此处表示递进关系，所以用“even（甚至）”表示这种纸的应用范围很广。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
There are eight species f panglin (穿山甲) and, sadly, they are all threatened with extinctin. Accrding t data, a panglin is caught ____11____ (illegal) every three minutes. Many cuntries ____12____ (take) measures t prtect them in recent years. But that des nt stp the illegal trade. It has increased because f grwing demand. Their skins are used t make leather gds like bts, bags and belts. Their meat ____13____ (cnsider) a delicacy in sme cuntries, and their scales are used in traditinal medicine.
【答案】11. illegally
12. have taken
13. is cnsidered
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了穿山甲面临的灭绝威胁以及非法贸易的情况。
【11题详解】
考查副词。句意：根据数据，每三分钟就有一只穿山甲被非法捕猎。修饰动词caught，需用副词illegally，作状语。故填illegally。
【12题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：近年来，许多国家已经采取措施保护它们。根据时间状语“in recent years”可知，此处为现在完成时，主语Many cuntries为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have taken。
【13题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：在一些国家，它们的肉被视为美味佳肴，而它们的鳞片则被用于传统医药。空处作谓语，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，Their meat和cnsider为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语Their meat为不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is cnsidered。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
If yu feel that there is mre t cpe with as yu get lder, yu’re nt alne. But new research suggests that peple ____14____ bunce back better frm tugh times culd enjy lnger lifespans. The new study, ____15____ (publishing) in BMJ Mental Health, shwed that adults with the highest levels f mental resilience in lder age had the lwest chance f dying, ____16____ (cut) their risk f death frm all causes by a huge 53 percent.
【答案】14. wh
15. published
16. cutting
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于人们如何从困境中恢复与寿命关系的新研究。
【14题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：但最新研究表明，那些能从困境中更快恢复过来的人可能享有更长的寿命。空处引导定语从句，先行词是peple，指人，在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这项发表在《英国医学杂志·心理健康》（BMJ Mental Health）上的新研究显示，老年时期心理韧性最强的成年人死亡几率最低，他们因各种原因死亡的风险大幅降低了53%。空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰The new study，且The new study与publish之间为被动关系，故用过去分词published。故填published。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处为非谓语动词作状语，且cut与其逻辑主语（即前文的整个句子）之间为主动关系，故用现在分词cutting作结果状语。故填cutting。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I cme frm Kashmir. ____17____ (seek) a better jb pprtunity, I mved t Shanghai in 2022. Here in Shanghai, peple leave bicycles unlcked, bags unattended, and walk freely ____18____ a secnd thught abut their safety. Yu pick up ____19____ (delivery) withut flashing receipts, and peple treat yu nt as an utsider but as smene wh belngs. Fr the first time, I felt ____20____ it was like t trust a city itself, letting it embrace me withut being cautius like I usually was.
【答案】17. T seek
18. withut
19. deliveries
20. what
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位来自克什米尔的人在上海的生活体验。他感受到上海的开放与包容，人们无需过多担忧安全，快递也能轻松领取，这种信任与接纳让他倍感温暖，仿佛融入了这座城市。
【17题详解】
考查不定式作目的状语。句意：为了寻找更好的工作机会，我在2022年搬到了上海。此处为非谓语动词，意思是“为了寻找”，需要目的状语。故填T seek。
【18题详解】
考查介词。句意：在上海，人们会随意停放未上锁的自行车，随意放置无人看管的包，并且毫无顾虑地自由行走，不用担心自己的安全。此处表达“人们不需要思考自己的安全问题”，所以填入介词，使用withut（没有）符合句意，故填withut。
【19题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：你可以不亮出收据就取走快递，人们不会把你当作外人，而是把你当作属于这里的一员。delivery是可数名词单数，“快递”不止一个所以用复数形式。故填deliveries。
【20题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：第一次，我感受到了信任一座城市的感觉，让它毫无保留地接纳我，而不是像我平时那样小心翼翼。跟在动词之后，此处为这宾语从句，宾语从句中缺表语，指物，应用连接代词what。故填what。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
MMath, the Natinal Museum f Mathematics, is an award-winning museum that highlights the rle f mathematics in clarifying the patterns and structures all arund us. Its dynamic exhibits, galleries, and prgrams are designed t stimulate inquiry, spark curisity, and reveal the wnders f mathematics. The Museum’s innvative exhibits will engage visitrs f every age, frm 1 t 100!
Mathematical Fun fr Everyne
Bring exciting math exhibits t yur schl: Request a visit frm MMath’s traveling exhibitin Math Midway 2 G (MM2GO), a suite f six interactive mathematics exhibits available fr presentatin at a wide variety f venues, including schls, cmmunity centers, science festivals, and libraries. Experience hw hands-n activities attract and engage students, highlighting the wnder f mathematics. Learn mre at mm2g. rg.
Reinvent math class with Expansins, MMath’s gifted prgram: An after-schl, in-persn math prgram designed t engage and challenge the mst talented math students, Expansins will inspire students in grades 1 — 9 and braden their mathematical hrizns. Apply fr admissin at expansins. mmath. rg.
Fr senir citizens and mature adults: In MMath’s 45-minute Senir Sessins, yu will enjy the discvery and challenges f these interactive activities led by MMath’s educatin staff as yu engage with a cllegial chrt f mature minds. Register at senirsessins. mmath. rg.
Bk yur child’s math-themed birthday parties (and mre!) at MMath: Hst a ne-f-a-kind partyyu’re yur child (r yurself) at MMath! Learn mre at birthdays. mmath. rg.
Sign up fr persnal math tutring: MMath ffers limited private tutring fr grades K-12 with certified educatrs wh have far-reaching experience successfully teaching students nline and in the classrm. Whether yur child needs assistance with hmewrk r exam preparatin, r they’re eager t discver the beauty in mathematics beynd the curriculum, MMath’s instructrs are ready t help. Fr mre infrmatin, please email [email protected].
21. Which f the fllwing is a prgram designed fr the brightest math students?
A. Expansins.B. Senir Sessins.
C. Math Midway 2 G.D. Math-themed birthday parties.
22. Wh can prvide ne-n-ne math tutring at MMath?
A. Retired mathematicians.B. Cllege student vlunteers.
C. Experienced and certified educatrs.D. A new teacher with a teaching certificate.
23. What is the purpse f the passage?
A. T prvide math tutring services.
B. T reveal the wnders f mathematics.
C. T recmmend a mathematics museum fr all ages.
D. T highlight the rle f mathematics in ur daily lives.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国国家数学博物馆（MMath），详细描述了该博物馆的各种项目和活动，旨在满足不同年龄层对数学的兴趣和需求。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Reinvent math class with Expansins, MMath’s gifted prgram: An after-schl, in-persn math prgram designed t engage and challenge the mst talented math students, Expansins will inspire students in grades 1 — 9 and braden their mathematical hrizns.(用MMath的天才项目Expansins重塑数学课：Expansins是一个课后面对面的数学项目，旨在吸引和挑战最有天赋的数学学生，它将激励1-9年级的学生，拓宽他们的数学视野。)”可知，Expansins是为最聪明的数学学生设计的项目。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Sign up fr persnal math tutring: MMath ffers limited private tutring fr grades K-12 with certified educatrs wh have far-reaching experience successfully teaching students nline and in the classrm.(注册个人数学辅导：MMath为K-12年级提供有限的私人辅导，由具有丰富经验且成功在线上和课堂上教授学生的有资质的教育者提供。)”可知，在MMath可以提供一对一的数学辅导的是有经验且有资质的教育者。故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“MMath, the Natinal Museum f Mathematics, is an award-winning museum that highlights the rle f mathematics in clarifying the patterns and structures all arund us. Its dynamic exhibits, galleries, and prgrams are designed t stimulate inquiry, spark curisity, and reveal the wnders f mathematics. The Museum’s innvative exhibits will engage visitrs f every age, frm 1 t 100.(美国国家数学博物馆（MMath）是一个屡获殊荣的博物馆，它强调了数学在阐明我们周围模式和结构中的作用。其动态的展览、画廊和项目旨在激发探究、激发好奇心，并揭示数学的奇妙之处。博物馆的创新展品将吸引各个年龄段的游客，从1岁到100岁。)”可知，本文主要介绍了美国国家数学博物馆（MMath）以及其为不同年龄段的人提供的各种项目和活动，所以本文的目的是向所有年龄段的人推荐一个数学博物馆。故选C。
B
When I wke frm surgery, I received sme unexpected and unpleasant news. My dctr tld me that I had cancer. The dreaded “C wrd!” Questins and emtins flded me. Was I ging t live? What was ging t happen next? Hw wuld I tell my lved nes? Wuld I lse my hair?
Frm then n, everything happened s quickly. Chemtherapy (化疗) began tw weeks later. I learned that n days furteen thrugh seventeen f my treatments, my hair wuld start falling ut. I had been married fr nly six mnths. Hw wuld my husband feel abut a pale, puffy-faced bald wife with scars and all the ther dreaded ptential side effects f my upcming jurney? Hw wuld I regain the strength, cnfidence and charm that attracted him t me? Shuld I ffer him a pass? After all, he certainly did nt sign up fr this.
I was terrified and felt pwerless and alne. Hw culd I regain my balance? Rather than passively watching my hair g, I decided t take cntrl. On the furteenth day, I checked int a fabulus ceanfrnt htel, equipped with all kinds f wigs (假发) and champagne. My daughter and clsest girlfriends met me there with scissrs in hand t have a Head Shaving Party. I always lve a party and this certainly was an riginal theme.
Truthfully, I culd nt bear t see the shcked, fearful lks n their faces ne by ne when seeing me bald fr the first time. Instead, I made them part f creating my “new lk”. We laughed and cried as each f them tk turns cutting and shaving my head. We shared a clse relatinship that mst peple never share. It was ne f the mst memrable days f my life. Standing n the balcny with the wind n my bald scalp, I felt liberated. Instead f feeling weak and insecure I felt an inner beauty and unstppable strength and curage!
I changed that day. I expsed my head and sul t them. I realized that nne f us really knws the future, nly the present matters. S I wn’t waste time wrrying. I must spend it celebrating the lve, friendship, and jy that surrund me. I chse t live fully each day, with r withut hair.
24. Frm the questins in the first tw paragraphs, we can learn the authr felt ______
A Discuraged.B. AngryC. Amazed.D. Anxius.
25. Hw did the authr cpe with the effects f Chemtherapy?
A. She ften wre all kinds f wigs.B. She rganized a special party happily.
C. She had t cut all her hair ff herself.D. She stayed in a htel t get thrugh this difficult time.
26. What made the authr regain curage?
A. Her new lk and inner beauty.B. The hpe f recvery frm illness.
C. The encuragement frm her dctr.D. Her determinatin t face reality actively.
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. We nly get ne life, s live it.B. Ups and dwns make ne strng.
C. Nthing is impssible fr a willing heart.D. Jint effrt is the key t slving prblems.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者患癌症后感到恐惧与无助。尽管面临化疗和脱发的挑战，作者内心产生了坚定的决心，选择以积极的态度面对这一切。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Was I ging t live? What was ging t happen next? Hw wuld I tell my lved nes? Wuld I lse my hair?( 我能活下去吗？接下来会发生什么？我该如何告诉我爱的人？我会掉头发吗？)”以及第二段中“Hw wuld my husband feel abut a pale, puffy-faced bald wife with scars and all the ther dreaded ptential side effects f my upcming jurney? Hw wuld I regain the strength, cnfidence and charm that attracted him t me? Shuld I ffer him a pass?( 我的丈夫会如何看待一个脸色苍白、满脸浮肿、秃顶、满脸伤疤的妻子，以及我即将到来的旅程中所有其他可怕的潜在副作用？我怎样才能重获吸引他的力量、自信和魅力呢？我应该放过他吗？)”可推知，作者对未来充满担忧，内心非常焦虑。故选D项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Rather than passively watching my hair g, I decided t take cntrl. On the furteenth day, I checked int a fabulus ceanfrnt htel, equipped with all kinds f wigs (假发) and champagne. My daughter and clsest girlfriends met me there with scissrs in hand t have a Head Shaving Party.( 与其被动地看着我的头发消失，我决定控制自己。第十四天，我住进了一家很棒的海滨酒店，酒店配备了各种假发和香槟。我的女儿和最亲密的女朋友们在那里和我见面，手里拿着剪刀，开了一个剃头派对。)”可知，作者通过开心地组织一个特殊的剃光头派对来应对化疗的影响。故选B项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及倒数第二段中“Standing n the balcny with the wind n my bald scalp, I felt liberated. Instead f feeling weak and insecure I felt an inner beauty and unstppable strength and curage!( 站在阳台上，风吹在我光秃秃的头皮上，我感到解放了。我不再感到软弱和不安，而是感受到一种内在的美和不可阻挡的力量和勇气！)”可知，作者从一开始的恐惧、无助，到决定主动掌控局面，组织派对来面对化疗脱发的现实，这种积极面对现实的决心让她重新获得了勇气。故选D项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“I changed that day. I expsed my head and sul t them. I realized that nne f us really knws the future, nly the present matters. S I wn’t waste time wrrying. I must spend it celebrating the lve, friendship, and jy that surrund me. I chse t live fully each day, with r withut hair.( 那天我改变了。我把我的头脑和灵魂都暴露给了他们。我意识到没有人真正知道未来，只有现在才是最重要的。所以我不会浪费时间担心。我必须用它来庆祝我周围的爱、友谊和欢乐。不管有没有头发，我都选择充实地度过每一天。)”可推知，文章讲述了作者患癌症后，从最初的焦虑到积极面对，意识到不应浪费时间担忧未来，而应充分享受当下的爱、友谊和快乐，即我们只有一次生命，要好好生活。故选A项。
C
Plants prduce juicy, sweet fruit with seeds inside s that birds and fruit-eating mammals are attracted int taking a bite. Then, these animals fly r ram far and wide and, nce they’ve digested their meal, excrete (排泄) the seeds tgether with the rest f their waste. In ding s, these hungry animals help plants, which can’t mve, t travel and spread their seeds acrss a wider range.
This is at the base f hw hundreds f ecsystems wrk and has been since the dawn f time. Hwever, a grwing bdy f research is starting t suggest that mammals and birds are far frm the nly nes shaping hw seeds travel and spread plant life t new parts f the wrld. Tiny insects and invertebrates (无脊椎动物) play a crucial rle, t.
Ants are perhaps the mst well-knwn seed-spreading insects. They spread seeds frm particular plants. The ants carry the seed t their nest, eat and thrw away the seed, either by carrying it t the surface r placing it int rubbish piles deep undergrund, accrding t Prf Ellen Simms, a bilgist at the University f Califrnia.
Other insects are thught t help spread seeds by excreting them, like mammals and birds. Fr example, centimetre-lng wdlice eat the small fruits f an Asian plant. Then, they excrete ver 30 percent f the dust-like seeds still whle enugh t take rt in the sil and grw, accrding t research published in the jurnal Peple, Plants, Planet earlier this year. These tiny invertebrates set a new recrd fr the smallest and lightest animals t participate in seed spread after intake.
Similarly, Japanese camel crickets (灶马蟋) eat and excrete the seeds f a leafy Asian shrub, accrding t a new study published last mnth. The plant, fund alng mist, shaded frests, has small and runded fruits cntaining thusands f tiny seeds. Once the fruits fall t the grund, the crickets chew frcefully and then excrete pellets with mre than 78 percent f the seeds whle and ready t grw.
This is the first evidence f insects acting as seed-spreaders fr a light-harvesting, green plants in regins where land-dwelling mammals are als present t d the jb. This challenges the lng-held idea that the spread f seeds by insects is a special case — their rle may be much mre widespread and eclgically imprtant than previusly understd.
28. The authr mentins ants and ther insects t ______.
A. explain hw they help spread seeds
B. cntrast with ther animals in spreading seeds
C. intrduce several tiny insects and invertebrates
D. highlight the eclgical imprtance f these specific insects
29. What illustrative methd des the authr use in this passage?
A. Examples and research findings.B. Direct statement withut evidence.
C. Persnal pinins and experiences.D. Cmparative analysis f different theries.
30. What can we infer frm the passage?
A. There shuld be less research int seed spread by insects.
B. Insects play a less imprtant rle than mammals and birds.
C. Insects are mre widespread in seed-spread than we realize.
D. Land-dwelling mammals are mre effective than insects at spreading seeds.
【答案】28. A 29. A 30. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了传统观点认为植物借助鸟类和食果哺乳动物排泄传播种子，构成众多生态系统基础。然而，研究显示小型昆虫和无脊椎动物在种子传播中同样关键。以蚂蚁、木虱、灶马蟋为例，它们通过不同方式传播种子，且首次发现昆虫在有陆生哺乳动物参与传播种子的地区，也为绿色植物传播种子，这挑战了昆虫传播种子为特殊情况的旧观念，表明其作用比以往认知的更广泛且重要。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Plants prduce juicy, sweet fruit with seeds inside s that birds and fruit-eating mammals are attracted int taking a bite. Then, these animals fly r ram far and wide and, nce they’ve digested their meal, excrete (排泄) the seeds tgether with the rest f their waste. In ding s, these hungry animals help plants, which can’t mve, t travel and spread their seeds acrss a wider range.( 植物结出多汁、甜的果实，里面有种子，这样鸟类和以水果为食的哺乳动物就会被吸引来咬一口。然后，这些动物飞到很远的地方或四处漫游，一旦它们消化了食物，就会把种子和剩下的废物一起排出体外。通过这样做，这些饥饿的动物帮助无法移动的植物在更大的范围内传播种子)”可推知，作者提到蚂蚁和其他昆虫是为了解释它们如何帮助传播种子。故选A项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段文章通过列举蚂蚁、木虱、灶马蟋等昆虫传播种子的例子，以及引用相关研究，如第四段中“Then, they excrete ver 30 percent f the dust-like seeds still whle enugh t take rt in the sil and grw, accrding t research published in the jurnal Peple, Plants, Planet earlier this year.( 根据今年早些时候发表在《人，植物，星球》杂志上的一项研究，它们排出了超过30%的尘埃状种子，这些种子仍然足够完整，可以在土壤中生根发芽)”和第五段中“Similarly, Japanese camel crickets (灶马蟋) eat and excrete the seeds f a leafy Asian shrub, accrding t a new study published last mnth.( 同样，根据上个月发表的一项新研究，灶马蟋吃并排出一种亚洲多叶灌木的种子)”等，来阐述昆虫在种子传播中的作用，所以作者使用的说明方法是例子和研究发现。故选A项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This challenges the lng-held idea that the spread f seeds by insects is a special case — their rle may be much mre widespread and eclgically imprtant than previusly understd.( 这挑战了人们长期以来的观点，即昆虫传播种子是一个特例——它们的作用可能比以前所理解的要广泛得多，在生态上也重要得多)”可知，昆虫传播种子的作用可能比我们之前理解的更为广泛和重要，即昆虫在种子传播方面比我们意识到的更为普遍。故选C项。
D
One f the primary benefits f AI chatbts in mental health care is their enhanced accessibility and ability t prvide immediate supprt. Traditinal mental health services ften require appintments, which can invlve lng waiting perids. In cntrast, AI chatbts are always n standby 24/7, ffering instant supprt regardless f the time r lcatin. This cnstant availability can be especially beneficial during mments f crisis, prviding users with immediate assistance and resurces.
AI chatbts als have a glbal reach, making mental health supprt accessible t individuals in remte r underserved areas. Accrding t the Wrld Health Organizatin, there is a significant shrtage f mental health prfessinals, particularly in lw-and middle-incme cuntries. AI chatbts can help bridge this gap by ffering supprt t thse withut access t mental health care.
Mental health discredit remains a significant barrier t seeking help. Many individuals avid reaching ut t mental health prfessinals due t fear f judgment r embarrassment. AI chatbts ffer a private and annymus (匿名的) space fr users t express their feelings and thughts withut fear f judgment. This annymity can encurage mre individuals t seek help and engage in cnversatins abut their mental health, ptentially leading t earlier interventin and better utcmes.
Research supprts the cncept that annymity prvided by chatbts can reduce discredit. A study by Smith and Andersn fund that individuals are mre likely t discuss private issues when they feel their identity is prtected. This can be particularly imprtant fr vulnerable ppulatins wh may be hesitant t seek help frm human therapists due t scial r cultural discredit.
Despite their advantages; Al chatbts have ntable limitatins, particularly their ability t prvide delicate emtinal supprt. Mental health issues are cmplex and deeply persnal, ften requiring a level f empathy and understanding that AI currently cannt cpy. While chatbts can ffer essential supprt and infrmatin, they lack the emtinal intelligence t fully grasp the user’s delicate emtins and experiences. This can result in respnses that may seem generic r inapprpriate, failing t effectively meet the user’s needs.
Privacy and data security cncerns are anther significant challenge. Users share sensitive and persnal infrmatin with these applicatins, and there is always a risk that this data culd be hacked. Data leaks r misuse f infrmatin culd have severe cnsequences fr users, ptentially wrsening their mental health issues.
Lastly, there is a risk that individuals may becme verly reliant n chatbts fr their mental health needs, ptentially neglecting the imprtance f seeking prfessinal help. Chatbts are nt equipped t diagnse r treat severe mental health cnditins, and relying nly n them culd lead t missed diagnses and inadequate treatment.
31. What makes AI chatbts different frm traditinal mental health services?
A. They can ffer mre prfessinal advice.
B. They are always available fr their users.
C. They can reduce discussing the sensitive issues.
D. They cntribute t the develpment f mental health prfessinals.
32. What des the wrd “vulnerable” underlined in Paragraph 4 mst prbably mean?
A. High-risk.B. Careful.C. Serius.D. Sensitive.
33. What can be inferred abut mental health care?
A. AI chatbts can fully grasp the user’s emtins.
B. Chatbt users shuld be cncerned abut privacy and data security.
C. Mental health prfessinals will be replaced by chatbts in the future.
D. Traditinal mental health services make users likely t share their real feelings.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. The Future f Mental Health Care: AI Chatbts.
B. Traditinal Mental Health Services vs. AI Chatbts.
C. Overcming Mental Health Discredit with AI Chatbts.
D. AI Chatbts fr Mental Health: Opprtunities and Limitatins.
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. B 34. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了AI聊天机器人在心理健康护理中的优点和局限性。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Traditinal mental health services ften require appintments, which can invlve lng waiting perids. In cntrast, AI chatbts are always n standby 24/7, ffering instant supprt regardless f the time r lcatin.(传统心理健康服务通常需要预约，这可能涉及长时间的等待。相比之下，AI聊天机器人总是7x24小时待命，无论时间和地点如何，都可以提供即时支持)”可知，AI聊天机器人的不同之处在于它们始终可以为用户提供服务。故选B。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据下文的“wh may be hesitant t seek help frm human therapists due t scial r cultural discredit.(由于社会或文化上的不信任，他们可能会犹豫是否向人类治疗师寻求帮助)”可知，可能面临社会或文化上的不信任而不愿意寻求帮助的人群是脆弱的人群。所以划线词的意思是“脆弱的，容易受伤害的”，与选项D“Sensitive(敏感的，易受影响的)”意思相近，故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Privacy and data security cncerns are anther significant challenge. Users share sensitive and persnal infrmatin with these applicatins, and there is always a risk that this data culd be hacked. Data leaks r misuse f infrmatin culd have severe cnsequences fr users, ptentially wrsening their mental health issues.(隐私和数据安全问题是另一个重大挑战。用户向这些应用程序分享敏感和个人信息，而这些数据总是存在被黑客攻击的风险。数据泄露或信息的不当使用可能会对用户造成严重后果，甚至可能加剧他们的心理健康问题)”可推知，使用聊天机器人的用户应该关注隐私和数据安全问题。故选B。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章整体内容，尤其是第五段中“Despite their advantages; Al chatbts have ntable limitatins, particularly their ability t prvide delicate emtinal supprt.(尽管有其优势；AI聊天机器人有明显的局限性，尤其是在提供细腻的情感支持方面)可知，文章主要讨论了AI聊天机器人在心理健康方面的机遇和局限性。因此最佳标题是D选项“面向心理健康的人工智能聊天机器人：机遇与局限”。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Music is ne f the mst enjyable human experiences. Music is an ever-present cmpanin t peple’s everyday lives. ____35____ We listen t music and experience emtins in the absence f any events causing us t feel jy, sadness, r excitement. Over the past several decades, schlars have prpsed several purpses that listening t music might fulfill.
The key reasn peple listen t music lies in the reward center f the brain. Listening t pleasurable music activates areas f the reward system. Musical pleasure arises when a pattern is interrupted in sme way. Listeners experience strng emtins when smething unexpected happens. ____36____ Abut 2 percent f the general ppulatin dn’t feel this way. This inability t get pleasure specifically frm music has been called tne-deafness.
____37____ Music distracts ur minds frm the utside wrld. The use f music as backgrund entertainment serves t get us int a psitive md r t becme mre alert. Music can relax the bdy because brain waves are able t g with the rhythm f a sng. Peple’s mds can reflect what they chse t listen t. Fast r energetic music may make peple feel alert and pumped, while slw music calms them dwn.
Music is als ne f the strngest means fr arusing feelings f nstalgia (怀旧). Listening t music that was played a lt during a significant life event (e. g., a family celebratin) many years ag can trigger a deeply nstalgic emtinal experience. ____38____ Maybe we have just cme t hear a particular sng as sad because we have learned t assciate it with an experience f lss.
Peple can use music t express their identity and values t thers. Music helps us t shw that we belng t a given scial grup. Fr example, listening t innvative music can serve t cmmunicate the belief that ne is creative and uncnventinal. ____39____
A. S music is part f wh we are.
B. Music prvides a means f escape.
C. We use music t cnnect with ur inner selves.
D. Music can serve as a reminder t shw brain waves
E. The feeling is nt the music, but in what it reminds us.
F. Music can change ur md, emtins, mtivatin, and mvement.
G. Hwever, nt everyne experiences intense emtinal respnses t music.
【答案】35. F 36. G 37. B 38. E 39. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了音乐在人类生活中所扮演的角色以及人们听音乐的原因。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Music is an ever-present cmpanin t peple’s everyday lives.(音乐是人们日常生活中无处不在的伴侣。)”和下文“We listen t music and experience emtins in the absence f any events causing us t feel jy, sadness, r excitement.(我们在没有任何事件让我们感到快乐、悲伤或兴奋的情况下听音乐并体验情感。)”可知，上下文都在说明音乐与人们的日常生活和情感紧密相连，由此可推测，本空应承接上文，继续说明音乐在人们生活中的作用或影响。选项F“音乐可以改变我们的情绪、动机和行动”符合语境，且与下文提到的听音乐时的情感体验相呼应。故选F。
【36题详解】
根据上文“Listeners experience strng emtins when smething unexpected happens.(当发生意想不到的事情时，听众会体验到强烈的情感。)”和下文“Abut 2 percent f the general ppulatin dn’t feel this way.(大约2%的普通人并没有这种感觉。)”可知，上下文之间存在转折关系，即大多数人会对音乐产生强烈的情感反应，但有一小部分人并不会这样。选项G“然而，并不是每个人都对音乐有强烈的情感反应”起到了承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选G。
【37题详解】
根据下文“Music distracts ur minds frm the utside wrld. The use f music as backgrund entertainment serves t get us int a psitive md r t becme mre alert.(音乐使我们的思绪从外界分散开来。把音乐作为背景娱乐可以让我们心情愉悦或变得更加警觉。)”可知，下文说明音乐可以帮助人们逃离现实，放松心情或提高警觉性。选项B“音乐提供了一种逃避的方式”能够概括下文内容，且与下文中的“distracts ur minds frm the utside wrld”相呼应。故选B。
【38题详解】
根据上文“Listening t music that was played a lt during a significant life event (e. g., a family celebratin) many years ag can trigger a deeply nstalgic emtinal experience.(听很多年前在重大人生事件（如家庭庆祝活动）中经常播放的音乐，可以引发一种深深的怀旧情感体验。)”可知，上文说明了音乐可以触发人们的怀旧情感，由此可推测，本空应进一步解释这种怀旧情感产生的原因。选项E“这种感觉不是来自音乐，而是来自它让我们想起了什么”符合语境，解释了为什么听音乐会引发怀旧情感。故选E。
【39题详解】
根据上文“Peple can use music t express their identity and values t thers. Music helps us t shw that we belng t a given scial grup. Fr example, listening t innvative music can serve t cmmunicate the belief that ne is creative and uncnventinal.(人们可以用音乐向他人表达自己的身份和价值观。音乐有助于我们表明自己属于某个特定的社会群体。例如，听创新的音乐可以传达出一个人富有创造力和不拘一格的信念。)”可知，上文说明音乐是人们表达自我和身份认同的一种方式，由此可推测，本空应总结上文，强调音乐与人们身份认同的关系。选项A“所以音乐是我们的一部分”符合语境，总结了音乐在人们生活中的重要作用。故选A。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Salary is ften an imprtant cnsideratin when applying fr and chsing a jb. Peple ften weigh their financial needs against jbs that might fulfill their passins in different industries. Learning abut these tw factrs t cnsider when pursuing a career can help yu decide if ne might be mre imprtant fr yur prfessinal and persnal life.
A significant benefit f a high-paying jb is that yu’ll likely have mre mney fr things yu want and need. Because emplyers may distribute cmpensatin differently, yu may have mre r less mney at certain times f the year. Still, a jb that pays well can help yu affrd necessities like huse and car payments, fd and utility bills.
Aside frm paying fr usual wants and needs, a jb with a high salary can prvide yu with extra mnetary security in case f emergencies. If yu have extra incme frm a high-paying jb, yu can put it int a savings accunt that can help cver surprise expenses, like a mve t a new hme r a new baby. Yu might als get additinal benefits, like a pensin r retirement accunt, that can prepare yu fr a secure future.
In cntrast, chsing a jb yu’re passinate abut can increase yur prductivity. This benefits bth yu and yur emplyer, as yu may be mre likely t get mre wrk dne in a shrter amunt f time and generate psitive utcmes while ding smething yu enjy. Increased prductivity can help yu get prmtins and new knwledge pprtunities that may prmte yur career grwth.
Peple wh wrk jbs they lve are likely t have a greater sense f cntentment and fulfillment. Since peple spend much f their lives at wrk, sme may find it essential t feel satisfactin frm the respnsibilities f their rle because it makes them feel gd abut what they d and hw they affect thers. This type f happiness can increase verall well-being and encurage a persn t stay in their jb fr a lng time.
If yu’re cnsidering a jb that pays well instead f the ne yu lve, think abut hw much time yu’ll have t enjy the expendable incme yu might receive. If yu want t chse a jb fr which yu’re passinate, cnsider hw much mney yu’ll have t d things in yur free time.
40. What factrs d peple ften cnsider when lking fr a jb?
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41. Hw will increased prductivity help yu?
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42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Peple can experience happiness because they spend much f their lives at wrk.
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43. Apart frm the factrs mentined in the passage, what else will yu take int cnsideratin when lking fr a jb? Why? (In abut 40 wrds)
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【答案】40. Salary and passin.
41. It can help yu get prmtins and new knwledge pprtunities that may prmte yur career grwth.
42. Peple can experience happiness because they spend much f their lives at wrk. Because they find satisfactin and fulfillment frm their wrk.
43. I will als cnsider the wrk lcatin. A cnvenient lcatin can save cmmuting time and imprve wrk-life balance.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了人们在申请和选择工作时通常会考虑的两个主要因素：薪资和兴趣，并详细分析了这两者的利弊。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Salary is ften an imprtant cnsideratin when applying fr and chsing a jb. Peple ften weigh their financial needs against jbs that might fulfill their passins in different industries. (在申请和选择工作时，薪水往往是一个重要的考虑因素。人们通常会在满足自己不同行业激情的工作与自己的经济需求之间进行权衡。)”可知，人们在找工作时经常考虑薪资和激情这两个因素。故答案为Salary and passin.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段中“Increased prductivity can help yu get prmtins and new knwledge pprtunities that may prmte yur career grwth. (提高生产力可以帮助你获得晋升和新知识的机会，这可能促进你的职业发展。)”可知，提高生产力可以获得晋升和新知识的机会，促进职业发展。故答案为It can help yu get prmtins and new knwledge pprtunities that may prmte yur career grwth.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中Peple wh wrk jbs they lve are likely t have a greater sense f cntentment and fulfillment. Since peple spend much f their lives at wrk, sme may find it essential t feel satisfactin frm the respnsibilities f their rle because it makes them feel gd abut what they d and hw they affect thers. (做自己喜欢工作的人更有可能有更大的满足感和成就感。由于人们的大部分时间都花在工作上，一些人可能会觉得从工作的责任中获得满足感是至关重要的，因为这让他们对自己所做的事情以及自己对他人的影响感觉良好。)”可知，人们感到幸福并不是因为他们花了很多时间在工作上，而是因为他们从工作中找到了满足感和成就感。因此，“Peple can experience happiness because they spend much f their lives at wrk.”这句话中“because they spend much f their lives at wrk.”部分是错误的。故答案为Peple can experience happiness because they spend much f their lives at wrk. Because they find satisfactin and fulfillment frm their wrk.
【43题详解】
开放性试题。言之有理即可，注意词数限制。除了文章中提到的薪资和兴趣，人们在找工作时可能还会考虑工作地点、工作环境、公司规模、发展机会、公司文化等因素。例如：我还会考虑工作地点。一个方便的地点可以节省通勤时间，提高工作与生活的平衡。故答案为I will als cnsider the wrk lcatin. A cnvenient lcatin can save cmmuting time and imprve wrk-life balance.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是李华，你外国朋友Jim在邮件中对你校开展的阳光体育每天五公里活动(“Sunshine Sprts-5KM Running Every Day” activity)表现出浓厚兴趣。请你给他用英语回一封邮件介绍该活动，内容包括：
1.活动目的；2.活动内容及感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim
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Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m glad t hear abut yur interest in ur “Sunshine Sprts-5KM Running Every Day” activity! The main purpse f this event is t prmte physical fitness and a healthy lifestyle amng students. It encurages us t stay active and enjy the utdrs while fstering a sense f cmmunity.
Every day, students gather at the schl track t run 5 kilmeters tgether. It’s a great way t relieve stress and imprve ur endurance. I persnally feel energized and mtivated after each run. The atmsphere is friendly and supprtive, with everyne cheering each ther n. It’s nt just abut cmpetitin; it’s abut enjying the experience and making new friends.
I hpe yu can jin us smeday!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生给外国朋友Jim写一封邮件，介绍学校开展的阳光体育每天五公里活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
鼓励某人做某事：encurage sb t d sth→inspire sb t d sth
压力：stress→pressure
培养：fster→cultivate
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m glad t hear abut yur interest in ur “Sunshine Sprts-5KM Running Every Day” activity!
拓展句：I’m glad t hear abut that yu are interested in ur “Sunshine Sprts-5KM Running Every Day” activity!
【点睛】[高分句型1]
It’s a great way t relieve stress and imprve ur endurance.（运用了动词不定式作后置定语）
[高分句型2]
The atmsphere is friendly and supprtive, with everyne cheering each ther n.（运用了with的复合结构）