高考英语二轮专题-阅读理解---记叙文（知识清单）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮专题-阅读理解---记叙文（知识清单）（教师版），共40页。学案主要包含了先整体把握文章大意等内容，欢迎下载使用。

01记叙文五年高考考情统计
02记叙文五年高考考情解读
1.题型解读
记叙文是以写人、记事、状物为主要内容，以记叙和描写为表达方式的文章。一篇记叙文，无论长短都应该是一个完全独立的事实，描写人物、地点、事件和过程，表达作者的某种情感。主要具有以下特点：
内容上，记叙文应该包括六要素，即：时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果。可以按事件发生的时间顺序写，也可以按事件发生的先后写。
命题上，主要集中在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。
选材上，新颖、生动、真实、典型的素材描写，让读者有身临其境的感觉。
形式上，顺叙、倒叙、插叙。
语言上，一般过去时为主，各种时态为辅，合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态是英语记叙文首要的语言特征；多用动词，尤其是动态强的行为动词是英语记叙文又一个明显的语言特征。
2.体裁结构
①记叙文的开头通常交代事件的背景，即事件发生的时间、地点、有关人物等内容。
②记叙文的展开（中间）通常以人物活动的时间顺序、空间位置变换、事件发生的顺序或人物的主次性格特征为行文线索。
③记叙文的结尾通常是依照事件的发生、发展和结局这样一个自然的顺序来结尾。
3.写作意图
①讲述故事 ( tell / narrate / relate a stry)
②分享经验 (share an experience)
③纪念人物 (remember a persn)
④阐明道理 (cmmunicate an idea / cnvey a message)
03阅读理解记叙文高频题型
04阅读理解记叙文选项特点
1.正确选项特征
2.干扰选项特征
05阅读理解记叙文解题思路
1.关注细节
记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, wh, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
2.注重联系
在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
3.读懂表象
主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“What can be inferred frm …?”或是What des the authr imply in…?”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
4.挖掘意义
每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。
01 人物性格题
1.题型解读
无论是叙事型或者记人型阅读理解记叙文，往往都涉及到人们或者公众对其人生事迹或贡献评价，选项多用一个形容词或者两个并列的形容词。注意人物性格形容词往往与具体行为、态度直接关联。
2.命题方式
设问方式以“Which f the fllwing best ”等引出问题。
24. What d sme f Farber’s cwrkers think f him? (2024新课标I卷)
22. Which f the fllwing best describes Whaley as a teacher? (2019全国I卷)
3.解题步骤
阅读理解记叙文“人物性格描述题”的最优处理方法：
第一、先整体把握文章大意、人物经历、事迹贡献、人物反馈，多为弘扬“真善美”主旋律主题。
第二、结合题干锁定原文答题区间，圈划关键词句，尤其是动词和形容词，注意提炼态度倾向。
第三、比对选项形容词的褒贬性，多为并列型，一对一错，采用“排除法”，去伪存真确定答案。
跟踪训练1 (2024新课标I卷阅读B片段)
“I am nt crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shrtly after perfrming acupuncture (针灸) n a rabbit. “I am ahead f my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even sme f his cwrkers ccasinally laugh at his unusual methds. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s ne f a small but grwing number f American veterinarians (兽医) nw practicing “hlistic” medicine – cmbining traditinal Western treatments with acupuncture, chirpractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
…
24. What d sme f Farber’s cwrkers think f him?
A. He’s dd.B. He’s strict.C. He’s brave.D. He’s rude.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词sme f Farber’s cwrkers，think f him。
第二步：根据关键词定位到第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even sme f his cwrkers ccasinally laugh at his unusual methds.( 如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。unusual=dd，同义替换。
第三步：比对选项得出答案A。
跟踪训练2 (2019全国I卷阅读B片段)
…
Whaley gt the idea f this secnd-grade presidential campaign prject when he asked the children ne day t raise their hands if they thught they culd never be a president. The answer brke his heart. Whaley says the prject is abut mre than just learning t read and speak in public. He wants these kids t learn t bast(夸耀)abut themselves.
“Basting abut yurself, and yur best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult fr a child wh came int the classrm nt feeling cnfident.”
27. Which f the fllwing best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A. Humrus.B. Ambitius.C. Caring.D. Demanding.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词describes, Whaley as a teacher。
第二步：根据关键词定位到倒数第二段“Whaley gt the idea f this secnd-grade presidential campaign prject when he asked the children ne day t raise their hands if they thught they culd never be a president.(威利的这个二年级总统竞选项目的灵感来自于他有一天让孩子们举起手，如果他们认为自己永远不会成为总统。)”和“He wants these kids t learn t bast (夸耀) abut themselves.(他想让这些孩子学会自我吹嘘。)”可知，这位老师很关心学生的成长。wants these kids t learn t bast abut themselves-is caring，高度概括，积极评价。
第三步：比对选项得出答案C。
02 活动评价题
1.题型解读
①“活动评价题”试题大多出现在记叙文最后一题；
②属于复杂细节理解题，可能会涉及阅读材料多处；
③常见命题形式：Which f the fllwing best describes…?
26. Which f the fllwing best describes the impact f the prgram? (2023新课标I卷)
26. What did the authr think f raising the tiger cubs at hme? (2021新课标II卷)
2.解题策略
阅读理解记叙文“活动评价题”的最优处理方法：
第一、先通读全文把握主旨，重点了解相关事件的前因后果和来龙去脉，为后续处理做铺垫。
第二、结合题干锁定原文答题区间，圈划关键词句，尤其是动词和形容词，注意提炼态度倾向。
第三、比对选项形容词的褒贬性，采用“排除法”，去伪存真确定答案。
跟踪训练1 (2023新课标I卷B篇片段)
…
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
26. Which f the fllwing best describes the impact f the prgram?
A. Far-reaching.B. Predictable.
C. Shrt-lived.D. Unidentifiable.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词describes, the impact f the prgram。
第二步：根据关键词定位到最后一段“She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramill的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。far-reaching意义深远的predictable可预测的shrt-lived短暂的unidentifiable不可识别的。
第三步：比对选项得出答案A。
跟踪训练 (2023全国乙卷B篇)
…
One time my friends and I drve three hurs t Devil’s Lake, Wiscnsin, t climb the purple quartz (石英) rck arund the lake. After we fund a crazy-lking rad that hung ver a bunch f rcks, we decided t phtgraph the scene at sunset. The psitin enabled us t lk ver the lake with the sunset in the backgrund. We managed t leave this spt t climb higher because f the spare time until sunset. Hwever, we did nt mark the rute (路线) s we ended up almst missing the sunset entirely. Once we fund the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, lking back n the phts, they are sme f my best shts thugh they culd have been s much better if I wuld have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
27. Hw des the authr find his phts taken at Devil’s Lake?
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying.
C. Encuraging.D. Cmfrting.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词authr，find，his phts taken at Devil’s Lake。
第二步：根据关键词定位到最后一段“Still, lking back n the phts, they are sme f my best shts thugh they culd have been s much better if I wuld have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。
第三步：比对选项得出答案B。
01文章寓意题
1.命题形式
文章寓意题属于文章整体阅读，属于主旨概括题，类似于中心大意题。一方面，需要考生研读全文把握大意。另一方面需要吃透选项字面意思和言外之意方能把二者有效结合起来做出最佳选择。
27. What des the authr’s experience shw? (2025全国一卷)
45. What message des Tara's stry cnvey? (2023天津卷)
2.解题策略
①平时多注意收集英语谚语并吃透其字面意思和言外之意，有备无患；
②仔细阅读文本，把握大意，尤其是关注记叙文尾段，多是感想或体会；
③把文章大意和四个选项内容逐一进行比对，逐个排除，筛选出最佳答案。
3.常用英语格言
跟踪训练1 (2021全国甲卷第23题)
…
I walked int class believing that writing is imprtant as a means f cmmunicatin. Hwever, my students demnstrated smething mre imprtant t me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbk full f messages abut writing’s mst pwerful significance — the ability t cnnect peple, t put us in anther’s skin, t teach us what it means t be human.
27. What des the authr’s experience shw?
A. Teaching is learning.B. Still waters run deep.
C. Knwledge is pwer.D. Practice makes perfect.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the authr’s experience shw。
第二步：根据题干关键词定位到最后一段“I walked int class believing that writing is imprtant as a means f cmmunicatin. Hwever, my students demnstrated smething mre imprtant t me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbk full f messages abut writing’s mst pwerful significance — the ability t cnnect peple, t put us in anther’s skin, t teach us what it means t be human. (我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而，学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月的下课铃响起时，我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义：它能连接人与人，让我们换位思考，教会我们身为人类的真谛)”结合全文内容可知，文章通过作者的教学经历，说明她在教导学生的同时，自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A“Teaching is learning(教学相长)”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得的新认识。Teaching is learning. 教学相长。Still waters run deep. 静水流深。Knwledge is pwer. 知识就是力量。Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
第三步：比对选项得出答案A。
跟踪训练2 (2023天津卷B篇)
I lked thrugh the windw f the charming little vilin shp, and my heart began t race.
I'd been ut t dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided t walk hme frm the restaurant. I had traveled that way befre, yet I had never nticed that ld little shp. But that night I felt drawn t the vilin shp the mment I came acrss it.
I wiped the dirt frm the windw t get a better lk inside. Several vilins hung frm the dark walls, quietly waiting t be chsen. As my eyes rested n them, I felt as thugh I were lking thrugh a windw int my wn past.
My childhd was all abut the pursuits I had attempted, mst f which had been chsen by Mm. She was like, “Jin the swim team, Tara. Yur sister is a gd swimmer;surely yu will be, t. ”What she refused t acknwledge, hwever, was that I was visibly afraid f water.
Every Saturday I begged Mm nt t make me g t the swim meet, but had little chance f success. That said, with a bang f the starting gun, I wuld dive int the cld water with all my strength and swim t the ther side f the pl as fast as I culd, nly t find that the ther swimmers slid past me. I wuld have given it up if I had nt heard my father's encuraging shuts t cheer me n. When at last my hand wuld grab the edge f the pl, he wuld always be there with a warm, dry twel, telling me hw prud he was f my desperate effrts.
Then came a turning pint in my life the day ur schl rchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demnstratin. The drums annyed me. The flutes(笛子)bred me. But the vilin…ah, the vilin. It made the sweetest sund I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing alng with its flwing tune. Fr the first time in my life, I went s wild with jy.
Tightly hlding the permissin slip frm the rchestra directr, I ran all the way hme after schl, and shakily handed it t my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mm was thrilled t see me finally excited abut smething, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip.
I began practicing the vilin with great passin, and rse quickly in ability. Befre lng I had wn the first seat in the cmmunity rchestra …
45. What message des Tara's stry cnvey?
A. It's never t yung t learn.
B. A passinate interest wrks wnders.
C. Hard wrk will pay ff in the lng run.
D. Like mther, like daughter.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词messag，Tara's stry cnvey。
第二步：根据题干关键词定位到最后一段“I began practicing the vilin with great passin, and rse quickly in ability. Befre lng I had wn the first seat in the cmmunity rchestra … (我开始满怀热情地练习小提琴，技艺提升很快。不久之后，我就赢得了社区管弦乐队的首席席位……)”结合全文内容可知，作者非常拼命地游泳但是依然落后于其他人。他非常热爱小提琴，进步飞速，很快成为了管弦乐团的首席，可知兴趣爱好是最好的老师，能创造奇迹。It's never t yung t learn. 活到老，学到老。Hard wrk will pay ff in the lng run. 长期来看，努力总会有回报。Like mther, like daughter. 有其母必有其女。
第三步：比对选项得出答案B。
02 猜测词义题
在阅读理解中，通常通过信息指代类的题目考查考生对于上下文衔接关系以及文章基本结构的把握。信息指代类题目在高考英语中有两种:名词(短语)指代题和代词指代题。本专题我们就如何解答名词(短语)指代题进行相关技巧的点拨。
1.思维导图
3.猜测技巧
①利用释义法猜词
在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。
②利用构词法猜词
英语单词可以通过添加词缀、合成或转化的方式构成新词或生成新的词义。同学们要熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀，从而达到通过“解剖”一个单词，对一个生词能够“望文生义”的效果。
③利用因果关系猜词
若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义。因果关系的语境通常由because, s, thus, therefre, as a result f, s that, 等标志词体现。
⑥利用对比关系猜词
运用转折对比描述事物或现象是写作时常用的一种手法，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，抓住这些信号词，结合上下文意，我们就能够快速推测出词义。体现对比关系的词语很多，常见的有but, yet, hwever, while, unlike, instead f, n the ther hand, rather than, n the cntrary等。
⑤利用语境法解题
有些猜测词义句意题找不到以上标志或线索，我们可以利用上下文提供的语境进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义句意。
⑥利用同义关系解题
画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时我们可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。常见的表示同义关系的词或短语有and, r, like, as well, similarly, t, als, either等。
⑦利用生活常识解题
在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。
3.解题思路
在语篇中有时为了避免重复提及某一个词或者短语，常常用指代词表示，如:要求考生指出代词it，they，ne等的指代对象。指代词起连接语篇的作用，它能体现出语篇中各句子之间的逻辑关系。解题时需要做到:
原文定位：返回原文，找出指代词。
左顾右盼：找与其最接近的名词，名词性词组或句子（90%以上都是往前找答案）。
替换验证：替换该指代词，看逻辑是否通顺，范围是否一致。3.替换验证：替换该指代词，看逻辑是否通顺，范围是否一致。
跟踪训练1 (2025全国一卷B篇)
…
As a new unit started, I asked everyne t write a persuasive piece n a health-related tpic f their chice. This time they fund the exercise much mre interesting. Fr the next tw assignments, a persnal-narrative unit fllwed by a creative-writing wrkshp, I nly required that the piece meet the specificatins f its genre (体裁) and that it cntain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students tk n diverse tpics and turned in stries, 10 t 20 pages each, with characters that bradened my view and tuched my heart.
…
26. What des the underlined wrd “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Mixed.B. Amazing.C. Similar.D. Disturbing.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词staggering, paragraph 3，mean。
第二步：根据题干定位到第三段“The results were staggering. The students tk n diverse tpics and turned in stries, 10 t 20 pages each, with characters that bradened my view and tuched my heart. (结果是staggering。学生们选取了多样的主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心)”可知，学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。staggering意为“令人震惊的、惊人的”，与B选项“Amazing(惊人的)”语义一致。
第三步：比对选项得出答案B。
跟踪训练2 (2025全国二卷B篇)
…
There are up t 30 students at any given time in H’s class. She generally wrks with their regular teachers t get lessns and tests being used at their hme schls. Sme teachers dn’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice t the kids,” H says. “They think their teachers dn’t care abut their schlwrk.”
…
26. What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t in paragraph 4?
A. Offering regular lessns.B. Paying extra attentin.
C. Assigning n schlwrk.D. Shwing n sympathy.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词it, paragraph 4。
第二步：根据题干定位到根据文章第四段划线词所在句“Sme teachers dn’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice t the kids,” H says. (一些老师不给孩子们布置任何作业，而是表达同情。H说：“我觉得这对孩子们是一种伤害”)”可推知，其中的“it”指的是不给孩子们布置作业这件事。
第三步：比对选项得出答案C。
03 记叙文选标题
阅读理解记叙文选标题这个类型不是频繁出现，但是难度不小，需要整体把控记叙文的文章结构、文章线索、选项特点做出自己的判断。
1.思维导图
2.解题思路
①主题句法
记叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子，则这个句子为主题句。
②关键词法
全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中的关键词。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即关键词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
③逆向思维法
在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，逐一排除，缩小范围，接近的即为正确选项。
跟踪训练1 (2023新课标I卷B篇)
Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Rescuing Schl GardensB. Experiencing Cuntry Life
C. Grwing Vegetable LversD. Changing Lcal Landscape
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词suitable title, fr the text。
第二步：根据题干定位到文章首段和尾段：根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比•哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Spruts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”和最后一段的“Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens.(一些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，于是他们把种子带回家，开始种自己的菜园)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramill等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Spruts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。因此推断C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。选项A干扰项较强，主要错在rescue一词。
第三步：比对选项得出答案C。
跟踪训练2 (2019全国III卷B篇)
Fr Western designers, China and its rich culture have lng been an inspiratin fr Western creative.
"It's n secret that China has always been a surce(来源)f inspiratin fr designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative fficer at A+E Netwrks, a glbal media cmpany and hme t sme f the biggest fashin(时尚)shws.
Earlier this year, the China Thrugh A Lking Glass exhibitin in New Yrk exhibited 140 pieces f China-inspired fashinable clthing alngside Chinese wrks f art, with the aim f explring the influence f Chinese aesthetics(美学)n Western fashin and hw China has fueled the fashinable imaginatin fr centuries. The exhibitin had recrd attendance, shwing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
"China is impssible t verlk," says Hill. "Chinese mdels are the faces f beauty and fashin campaigns that sell dreams t wmen all ver the wrld, which means Chinese wmen are nt just cnsumers f fashin — they are central t its mvement. "Of curse, nly are tday's tp Western designers being influenced by China; sme f the best designers f cntemprary fashin are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jasn Wu are taking n Galian, Albaz, Marc Jacbs-and beating them hands dwn in design and sales," adds Hil.
Fr Hill, it is impssible nt t talk abut China as the leading player when discussing fashin. "The mst famus designers are Chinese, s are the mdels, and s are the cnsumers," she says. "China is n lnger just anther market; in many senses it has becme the market. If yu talk abut fashin tday, yu are talking abut China-its influences, its directin, its breathtaking clthes, and hw yung designers and mdels are finally acknwledging that in many ways."
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Yung Mdels Selling Dreams t the Wrld
B. A Chinese Art Exhibitin Held in New Yrk
C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D. Chinese Culture Fueling Internatinal Fashin Trends
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词suitable，title fr the text。
第二步：根据题干定位到文章首段和尾段：本文通过Amanda Hill的评论，论述了中国文化、中国艺术、中国设计师等等在国际时尚中发挥着非常重要的作用。中国文化为西方时尚提供灵感、影响国际时尚趋势，体现了“中国文化与国际时尚”的核心关系，符合全文主旨。因此“中国文化刺激着国际时尚的发展和潮流”最能概括文章大意。
第三步：比对选项得出答案D。
01 阅读理解记叙文答题误区
1.忽视文章整体主旨，纠结局部细节
考生在阅读记叙文时，容易过度关注文中的个别细节，如特定的事件、对话或描述，却忽略了从整体上把握文章的主旨大意。
以 2023 年新高考 I 卷中关于 Jhn Tdd 的记叙文为例，文章围绕 Jhn Tdd 受自然启发，利用生态原理设计机器处理污水等内容展开，主旨在于展现他的生态设计理念和实践成果。有的考生在答题时，只关注到他从自然现象中发现问题（如污水变清）这一细节，在回答 “Jhn Tdd 工作的基础是什么” 这类涉及主旨理解的题目时，误选 “某些植物能捕获有害细菌” 等选项，而忽视了 “自然能自我修复” 这一贯穿全文的核心要点，没有从整体理解 Jhn Tdd 的工作是基于对自然自我修复机制的运用。
2.未准确理解题干要求，答非所问
部分考生在阅读题干时不够仔细，未能准确把握题目所问的核心内容，导致回答与问题不匹配。
以 2025 年全国高考一卷的写作课记叙文里，题目问 “学生创作故事效果惊人的原因” ，正确思路应从老师布置作业的要求、学生对作业的兴趣等方面思考。但有些考生因未理解题干，从学生自身写作能力等无关角度作答，忽略了老师改变作业要求（如让学生选择健康相关话题写说服性文章）这一关键因素，使得答案偏离要点。
3.混淆人物情感态度，主观臆断
记叙文常涉及人物的情感态度，考生容易根据自己的主观想法去判断，而没有依据文章中人物的具体言行、所处情境以及作者的描述来分析。
2023 年新高考 II 卷中关于学校花园项目 Urban Spruts 的文章，讲述该项目帮助学生发展多种能力。在分析学生对项目的情感态度时，有的考生未依据文中 “学生起初害怕昆虫、嫌弃泥土，但后来参与其中” 等描述，而是主观认为学生一开始就积极喜欢，在回答相关情感态度题目时出错，没有准确把握学生情感的变化过程。
4.被选项干扰，脱离文本判断
阅读理解的选项常设置干扰项，部分考生容易被看似合理但与原文不符的选项迷惑，没有紧扣文本内容进行分析判断。
2025 年全国高考二卷中关于教师 Kathy H的记叙文，若题目问Kathy H对自己工作的看法，干扰选项可能会提及一些常见的教师工作特点，但与 Kathy H在医院教学的特殊情况不符。有的考生不依据文中 Kathy H对自己工作特殊性质的描述，被干扰项误导，做出错误选择 。
02 阅读理解记叙文误区应对
1.主旨理解偏差
应对办法：通读全文后，思考文章讲述的核心人物和主要事件，提炼出中心思想；重点关注文章开头、结尾以及每段的关键句，这些地方常体现文章主旨；还可将各段落内容进行概括，梳理它们之间的关联，从而准确把握文章主旨。
2.审题不清答非所问
应对办法：认真研读题干，圈画出关键词，明确题目所问是原因、结果、态度还是其他方面；答题前再次确认题干要求，确保回答内容与问题匹配；如果题干涉及对某个细节的理解，要精准定位到原文相关段落和语句后再作答。
3.人物情感态度误判
应对办法：圈画出描写人物语言、动作、心理活动的语句，以及文中描述场景、氛围的词汇。例如，上述花园项目文章里，关注学生从 “害怕昆虫、嫌弃泥土” 到 “积极参与” 的变化语句；留意作者议论时所用的形容词、副词，像 “frtunately”“surprisingly” 等，从这些词句中准确把握人物情感态度。
4.受干扰项误导
应对办法：将选项与原文进行细致比对，分析选项每个部分是否都能在原文找到依据；遇到含绝对化词汇（如 “nly”“never”“all”）的选项要格外留意，除非原文明确表述，否则很可能是错误选项；对于观点类题目，分清是作者观点还是文中其他人的观点，避免混淆。
03 阅读理解记叙文满分策略
1.阅读理解记叙文细节理解题居多，落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”。
2.阅读理解记叙文重视首尾段作用，尤其是标题概括题和写作意图题。
3.猜词词义题注意运用“代入法”“排除法”从逻辑性和褒贬性出发。
4.文章寓意题选项字面意思和言外之意与文章主旨结合，去伪存真。
5.性格描述题注意原文定位，找到动词或形容词描述，确定最佳答案。
6.标题概括题注意文章线索点睛作用，兼有概括性、新颖性和针对性。
阅读理解记叙文综合能力提升
真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分做题技巧和应试思维
01 (2025八省联考卷)
Jim Jhnsn, a mail carrier, was an institutin in the leafy Westmreland, Westhaven and Westver Hills neighbrhds. just nrth f dwntwn Wilmingtn, where he delivered much mre than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the grceries; he tk nte f unlcked drs, ffered gardening advice, and taught mre than a few yung bys the art f the curveball. When he wasn't ding all that, Jim was running acrss a checkerbard f green lawns(草坪) t ensure the lcal pstal service did nt fall shrt f its daily prmise.
Thugh the pstal service is ften disparaged nw, the trust in lcal pstal service lives n. In many cmmunities, that trust is wn every day when life-saving medicine, greeting cards, scial security checks, cllege acceptance letters-even the bills-appear in mailbxes in frnt f the huses.
After mre than three decades, Jim apprached his final days n the jb much like any ther. He drve a bxy pstal truck t Nrth DuPnt Rad fr the first unfficial stp f the day. Butch, a dg wh belnged t ne f the neighbrs, was waiting just like every day befre. And just like every day befre, he gt int the jump seat and they were ff. On the rute, Jim and Butch had becme inseparable. Nw, the dg and the mailman wuld ride ff t retirement tgether. At every stp, Jim accepted the parting gd wishes f families that had becme his wn. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memries.
It’s been 33 years since Jim left the rute, but we are still reminded f the deep bnd established between cmmunity and letter carrier. That’s what the pstal service means t us.
24. What d we knw abut Jim Jhnsn frm the first paragraph? (人物性格题)
A. He’s pen-minded.B. He’s sharp-eyed.
C. He’s warm-hearted.D. He’s strng-willed.
25. What des the underlined wrd “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean? (猜测词义题)
A. Refused.B. Criticized.C. Investigated.D. Suspended.
26. What did Jim d besides daily delivery n his final days f wrk?
A. He drve Butch t its wner.
B. He sent presents t his friends.
C. He prepared a retirement party.
D. He said gdbye t the neighbrs.
27. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T remember a respected mail carrier.
B. T recrd an unfrgettable experience.
C. T raise funds fr the pstal service.
D. T call fr harmny in the cmmunity.
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了邮递员吉姆·约翰逊在工作中热心帮助邻里，与大家建立了深厚感情，在他退休33年后，作者依然记得他，表达了对他的怀念。
24. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the grceries; he tk nte f unlcked drs, ffered gardening advice, and taught mre than a few yung bys the art f the curveball. When he wasn't ding all that, Jim was running acrss a checkerbard f green lawns (草坪) t ensure the lcal pstal service did nt fall shrt f its daily prmise.(他知道所有孩子和他们宠物的名字；他把杂货搬进来；他注意到那些没锁的门，提供园艺方面的建议，还教了几个小男孩曲球的艺术。当他不做这些事情的时候，吉姆会跑过棋盘状的绿色草坪，以确保当地的邮政服务不会达不到每天的承诺)”可推知，吉姆·约翰逊是一个热心肠的人。故选C项。
25.词句猜测题。根据划线单词句“Thugh the pstal service is ften disparaged nw, the trust in lcal pstal service lives n.(虽然邮政服务现在经常disparaged，但人们对当地邮政服务的信任仍然存在)”可知，前后句是转折关系，后半句说对当地邮政服务的信任依然存在，那么前半句应该是说邮政服务现在常被批评，由此表明，邮政服务经常被看不起或批评。由此可知，划线词disparaged与“Criticized(批评)”意思相近。故选B项。
26.细节理解题。根据第三段中“At every stp, Jim accepted the parting gd wishes f families that had becme his wn. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memries.(每到一站，吉姆都会接受那些已经成为他自己的家人的告别祝福。有泪水，有欢笑，有充满温暖回忆的拥抱)”可知，吉姆在工作的最后几天除了每天送货外，还向邻居们告别。故选D项。
27. 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“It’s been 33 years since Jim left the rute, but we are still reminded f the deep bnd established between cmmunity and letter carrier. That’s what the pstal service means t us.(吉姆离开这条路线已经33年了，但我们仍然记得社区和邮递员之间建立的深厚联系。这就是邮政服务对我们的意义)”可知，文章主要讲述了吉姆·约翰逊这位邮递员在工作中热心帮助邻里，与大家建立了深厚感情，在他退休33年后，作者依然记得他，表达了对他的怀念。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是纪念一位受人尊敬的邮递员。故选A项。
02 (2024浙江1月卷)
When was the last time yu used a telephne bx? I mean t make an actual phne call — nt t shelter frm the rain. Ages ag, right? The last time I used a phne bx fr its intended purpse was…2006. I was cnducting auditins (试演) fr my play in my tiny ld shared huse in Lndn. Hping t impress sme talented actrs t cme and wrk fr me fr nthing, I spread sme thrws ver the sfas and lit candles t make it seem a bit mre ”yung prfessinal”.
As I rushed utdrs t empty the wastepaper baskets, the dr swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was lcked utside. My mbile phne was inside, but luckily there was a telephne bx acrss the street. S, I called Directry Assistance, gt put thrugh t ur landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent t me with just enugh time t get back in befre the actrs arrived.
As it has been many years since I last used ne, I shuld hardly be surprised that then are n lnger any public telephnes near my huse. The last ne standing has just been turn int a “mini cmmunity library”: any passer-by can “brrw” a bk frm its shelves return it later, r replace it with anther title frm their wn cllectin.
Fr a few mnths after the “library” pened, I didn’t bther taking a lk, as I had assumed that it wuld be stuffed full f cheese lve stries. Then I nticed frk cnducting spring cleans drpping bxes f vluminus bks n varius subjects there. And these bks were free. This unbeatable price-pint encuraged me t experiment with dzens f titles that I wuld never nrmally cnsider buying. And I’ve discvered sme great bks!
If I ever get trapped utside my huse again, my lcal telephne bx will, sadly n lnger be able t cnnect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait fr my wife t rescue me.
24. What des the underlined wrd “it” in the first paragraph refer t? (猜测词义题)
A. The play.B. The shared huse. C. The sfa.D. The telephne bx.
25. Why did the authr use the telephne bx in 2006?
A. T place an urgent call.B. T put up a ntice.
C. T shelter frm the rain.D. T hld an auditin.
26. What d we knw abut the “mini cmmunity library”?
A. It prvides phne service fr free.
B. Anyne can cntribute t its cllectin.
C. It is ppular amng yung readers.
D. Bks must be returned within a mnth.
27. Why did the authr start t use the “library”?
A. He wanted t brrw sme lve stries.
B. He was encuraged by a clse neighbur.
C. He fund there were excellent free bks.
D. He thught it was an ideal place fr reading.
【答案】24. B25. A26. B27. C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。随着手机的普及，电话亭渐渐地被人们遗忘，作者家附近的最后一个电话亭被改造成了“迷你图书馆”，作者偶然发现那里有很多不错的免费书籍，这让作者觉得很棒。
24.词句猜测题。根据第一段第五句“I was cnducting auditins (试演) fr my play in my tiny ld shared huse in Lndn.(我当时在伦敦我那狭小的合租房子里为我的剧本进行试演。)”可知，此处是指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，所以it代指“合租房”。故选B。
25.细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“S, I called Directry Assistance, gt put thrugh t ur landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent t me with just enugh time t get back in befre the actrs arrived.(所以，我打电话给电话查号台，接通了女房东的经纪人，他们给了我一把备用钥匙，刚好来得及在演员们到来之前回去。)”可知，作者在2006年使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话。故选A。
26.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The last ne standing has just been turn int a “mini cmmunity library”: any passer-by can “brrw” a bk frm its shelves return it later, r replace it with anther title frm their wn cllectin.(最后一个被改造成了一个“迷你社区图书馆”：任何路过的人都可以从它的书架上“借”书，以后还回来，或者用自己收藏的另一本书来替换。)”可知，任何人都可以为“迷你社区图书馆”的捐赠图书。故选B。
27.细节理解题。根据第四段最后四句“Then I nticed frk cnducting spring cleans drpping bxes f vluminus bks n varius subjects there. And these bks were free. This unbeatable price-pint encuraged me t experiment with dzens f titles that I wuld never nrmally cnsider buying. And I’ve discvered sme great bks!(然后我注意到福克正在进行春季大扫除，把各种主题的大书一箱箱地扔到那里。而且这些书是免费的。这个无与伦比的价格点鼓励我尝试许多我通常不会考虑购买的标题。我还发现了一些很棒的书！)”可知，作者发现“迷你图书馆”里有很多免费的很棒的书，所以开始使用。故选C。
模拟专区：精选名校真题好题，帮你锤炼做题技巧，助力冲刺备考圆梦高考
03（2025·江西·二模）
While turing Mississippi in an ld car, Jhn Ingall and his wife, Jane, discvered a plant that wuld change their lives — the hardshell gurd (葫芦).
At first, it was mere curisity, but sn, they saw gurds everywhere — carved, hanging, glwing as lanterns. Drawn t them, Jhn, a lifelng farmer, decided t try grwing them.
Back in Warwickshire, he planted a few seeds amng his tmates. The plants grew quickly, reaching six feet tall. Weeks later, he fund large gurds hidden amng the leaves. Since then, he has harvested abut a hundred gurds each year, each with a different shape — sme lng and thin, thers rund. Unexpectedly, Ingall had been trying t retire when he first discvered gurds. After managing tw farms — ne frm Jane’s family and anther fr grwing crps — he had always planned t stp wrking at 65. Unlike many farmers wh never retire, he wanted t find a new interest.
Farming had been his childhd dream, despite his parents’ bjectins. They, shaped by the Great Depressin, had hped he wuld take an ffice jb. Yet, his lve fr rural life never faded. Over 45 years, he mved frm dairy t beef, then rganic farming, and finally letting the land return t nature. Change, he welcmed — but nly in a cntrlled manner.
Yet gurds pushed him beynd his cmfrt zne. “Nt until I started wrking n them did I realize — I am an artist!” said Jhn. Nw, as ne f the few gurd artists in the U. K., he creates lanterns with clred glass, astnishing visitrs.
As well as selling gurds thrugh his persnal studi, Jhn markets them at art fairs, dnating prfits t fight the climate crisis. “It’s very satisfying. Gurds are an entirely sustainable material fr many types f art, and every gurd is unique,” he says. “I enjy grwing them. It’s amazing what yu can d with gurds.”
1. What mtivated Jhn t plant gurds?
A. His wife’s encuragement.B. His desire fr a new interest.
C. His fascinatin with the plant.D. His lnging fr a big harvest.
2. What d we knw abut Jhn?
A. He resisted the life change.B. He favred rganic farming.
C. He had little interest in retiring.D. He went against his parents will.
3. What d gurds mean t Jhn?
A. A bnd with peple.B. A passin f lifetime.
C. A means f earning mney.D. A surce f inspiratin.
4. Which f the fllwing can best describe Jhn? (人物性格题)
A. Humrus and caring.B. Talented and generus.
C. Cmmitted and humble.D. Ambitius and sensitive.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D 4. B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了约翰邂逅葫芦并为之着迷，从而开始种植并利用葫芦创作艺术品的故事。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“At first, it was mere curisity, but sn, they saw gurds everywhere — carved, hanging, glwing as lanterns. Drawn t them, Jhn, a lifelng farmer, decided t try grwing them.(起初，他们只是好奇，但很快，他们看到到处都是葫芦——雕刻的，悬挂的，像灯笼一样发光。一生务农的约翰被它们所吸引，决定尝试种植它们)”可知，约翰被葫芦所吸引才决定尝试种植它们。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Farming had been his childhd dream, despite his parents’ bjectins. They, shaped by the Great Depressin, had hped he wuld take an ffice jb. Yet, his lve fr rural life never faded.(尽管父母反对，务农一直是他童年的梦想。受经济大萧条影响，他们希望他能找到一份办公室工作。然而，他对乡村生活的热爱从未消退)”可知约翰违背父母的意愿，从事了农业。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段““It’s very satisfying. Gurds are an entirely sustainable material fr many types f art, and every gurd is unique,” he says. “I enjy grwing them. It’s amazing what yu can d with gurds.”(“这非常令人满意。对于许多类型的艺术来说，葫芦都是一种完全可持续的材料，每一个葫芦都是独一无二的，”他说。“我喜欢种植它们。用葫芦能做的事真是太神奇了。”)”可知，对于约翰而言每个葫芦都是独特的，都是他艺术创作的灵感来源。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Nw, as ne f the few gurd artists in the U. K., he creates lanterns with clred glass, astnishing visitrs.(现在，作为英国为数不多的葫芦艺术家之一，他用彩色玻璃制作灯笼，令游客惊叹不已)”和最后一段“As well as selling gurds thrugh his persnal studi, Jhn markets them at art fairs, dnating prfits t fight the climate crisis.(除了通过他的个人工作室出售葫芦，约翰还在艺术博览会上推销葫芦，并将利润捐赠给应对气候危机)”可知，约翰不仅富有艺术天分而且慷慨。故选B。
04（2025·浙江·二模）
Off the cast f Santa Barbara — Just yards frm the Fish 1,a 22-ft research ship, a humpback whale abut twice the size f the bat threw itself ut f the water, sending shining drplets in a brken necklace f splash. In the ther directin, a carg ship, piled high with cntainers, crept clser.
Abard the Fish 1, a slight figure whse face is wrinkled frm years in the sun and saltwater, lked frm ne t the ther. Ocean scientist Duglas McCauley wanted t see whether the near real-time detectin system he and his clleagues had develped, Whale Safe, culd prevent crashes between whales and ships in the Santa Barbara Channel. By cllecting data frm several surces, Whale Safe frecasts t ships the chances f meeting a whale and then grades shipping cmpanies n whether they actually slw dwn during whale migratins.
“We can literally watch all f the ships in Califrnia and acrss the whle cean; we are better psitined than ever befre t try t track damage befre it ccurs,” McCauley said, “We are in truble if we dn’t d smething different, and I realized that if I kept sticking my head literally underwater r stayed in the lab, these prblems weren’t ging t fix themselves.”
Humans have wrked in the seas fr centuries. But as develpment has intensified and the planet has warmed, the 43-year-ld McCauley has dared t brave the gray area between scientific research and advcacy t try t fix these prblems — r at least make them visible.
“One f Dug’s ntable qualities as a scientist is that he is keen t explre utside the bx,” said Benjamin Halpern, a prfessr f marine bilgy and cean cnservatin wh has wrked with McCauley fr abut a decade. “He is a very creative thinker, and able t think differently abut the slutins t prblems and what kinds f research and science can help infrm thse.”
1. Why are the whale and the ship mentined in paragraph.1?
A. T tell a stry.B. T describe a scene.
C. T prvide an example.D. T make a cmparisn.
2. What d we knw abut Whale Safe?
A. It alarms the whales abut the presence f ships.B. It ffers data-driven warnings t the ships.
C. It grades shipping cmpanies all year arund.D. It recrds crashes between whales and ships.
3. What can we infer frm McCauley’ wrds?
A. Preventive measures are critical t whale prtectin.
B. Cnventinal appraches prve effective in damage tracking.
C. Underwater investigatin guarantees real-time cean mnitring.
D. Labratry research prvides valuable slutins t cean prblems.
4. Which f the fllwing can best describe Duglas McCauley? (人物性格题)
A. Curageus and hard-wrking.B. Adventurus and pen-minded.
C. Cmpetitive and frward-lking.D. Innvative and slutin-riented.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了海洋科学家道格拉斯·麦考利开发Whale Safe系统，通过实时监测和数据收集，减少船只与鲸鱼的碰撞，保护海洋生态的故事。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Off the cast f Santa Barbara — Just yards frm the Fish 1, a 22-ft research ship, a humpback whale abut twice the size f the bat threw itself ut f the water, sending shining drplets in a brken necklace f splash. In the ther directin, a carg ship, piled high with cntainers, crept clser.(在圣巴巴拉海岸外，距离22英尺长的科考船“鱼1号”仅几码远的地方，一条大约有船两倍大的座头鲸跃出水面，飞溅出闪闪发光的水珠，形成一条破碎的项链。在另一个方向，一艘堆满了集装箱的货船慢慢靠近)”可推知，第一段通过描述鲸鱼跃出水面和货船靠近的场景，为读者呈现了一幅生动的画面。故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“By cllecting data frm several surces, Whale Safe frecasts t ships the chances f meeting a whale and then grades shipping cmpanies n whether they actually slw dwn during whale migratins.( 通过从多个来源收集数据，鲸鱼安全组织预测船只遇到鲸鱼的机会，然后根据航运公司在鲸鱼迁徙期间是否真的放慢了速度，对它们进行评级)”可知，Whale Safe通过收集多个来源的数据，向船只预测遇到鲸鱼的可能性，即它向船只提供基于数据的警告。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段““We can literally watch all f the ships in Califrnia and acrss the whle cean; we are better psitined than ever befre t try t track damage befre it ccurs,” McCauley said, “We are in truble if we dn’t d smething different, and I realized that if I kept sticking my head literally underwater r stayed in the lab, these prblems weren’t ging t fix themselves.”(“我们真的可以看到加州和整个海洋的所有船只；麦考利说：“如果我们不采取不同的措施，我们就会陷入麻烦。我意识到，如果我一直把头埋在水下，或者呆在实验室里，这些问题不会自己解决。”)”可知，麦考利认为他们能够在损害发生之前进行追踪，而且如果不采取不同的措施就会有麻烦。由此推知，预防措施对于鲸鱼保护至关重要。故选A项。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段““One f Dug’s ntable qualities as a scientist is that he is keen t explre utside the bx,” said Benjamin Halpern, a prfessr f marine bilgy and cean cnservatin wh has wrked with McCauley fr abut a decade. “He is a very creative thinker, and able t think differently abut the slutins t prblems and what kinds f research and science can help infrm thse.”(“作为一名科学家，道格最显著的品质之一是，他热衷于在常规之外进行探索，”海洋生物学和海洋保护学教授本杰明·哈尔彭说，他与麦考利一起工作了大约十年。“他是一个非常有创造力的思想家，能够从不同的角度思考问题的解决方案，以及什么样的研究和科学可以帮助解决这些问题。”)”可知，道格拉斯·麦考利是一个有创造力的思想家，能够以不同的方式思考问题的解决方案。由此推知，他具有创新精神和解决问题的能力。故选D项。
05（2025·吉林·二模）
Fr the past three years, my mther battled cancer in silence. When she learned f her diagnsis, she chse nt t tell anyne in ur family. She did nt want us t wrry, s she carried the burden alne. I nly nticed her fatigue and thinning hair, but she always smiled and insisted that everything was fine.
Every mrning, she wuld rise befre dawn t prepare breakfast fr me and my father. I remember the smell f pancakes and freshly brewed cffee filling the kitchen, masking the bitter taste f her reality. She wuld slip away t her treatments, returning hme with a tired smile and dark circles under her eyes. I asked her abut the bruises (淤青) n her arms and she simply said they were frm clumsy mments.
Despite her pain and grwing weakness, my mther devted herself t my happiness. Every year, as my birthday apprached, she carefully selected a special gift, wrapped it in bright paper, and placed it in the garage (车库). She even painted a small wden sign abve the tl cabinet and hung the key n a hk. On its tag, she wrte, “Open after I die.” This secret traditin remained between her and the bxes f presents waiting silently in the garage.
Last mnth, my mther passed away. I was preparing t leave fr cllege ut f state, hping t see her prud smile as I walked nt the campus. Instead, I returned hme t an empty huse filled with stillness and eches f her laughter. My greatest regret is that she never gt t see me begin this new chapter f my life. Grief weighed heavily n my heart as I struggled t accept her absence.
A week after the funeral, I remembered the garage key. With trembling hands, I walked int the cluttered space. Behind the ld lawnmwer and stacked bxes, I fund a rw f neatly arranged gifts, ne fr each birthday she had planned. On the wall abve them hung a phtgraph f her and me, smiling at the beach when I was a child. Beneath the pht, in her familiar handwriting, were the wrds, “Happy Birthday, sn. May happiness fill each day!”
1. Fr apprximately hw lng did the mther bear her illness in secret?
A. Rughly tw years.B. Less than twelve mnths.
C. Over thirty-six mnths.D. Under eighteen mnths.
2. In which part f the huse did she hide the birthday presents?
A. Under the bedrm flrbards.
B. Within the hme’s external strage area.
C. Tucked behind the basement furnace.
D. Cncealed in the linen clset.
3. Which f the fllwing best captures the narratr’s deepest remrse?
A. She didn’t witness his beginning at university.
B. She never dcumented her final wishes.
C. She frgt t tell him the truth befre passing.
D. She failed t leave a parting letter.
4. Which title mst fittingly cnveys the stry’s theme? (标题概括题)
A. A Silent PrtectrB. Gifts Left in Waiting
C. Shadws f SrrwD. The Key t Unspken Lve
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者母亲在过去的三年里默默与癌症抗争的故事，详细描述了母亲在患病期间如何努力维持正常生活，不让家人担心，以及她为作者生日精心准备礼物的秘密传统，展现了母爱的伟大和深沉，以及作者对母亲的怀念和遗憾。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Fr the past three years, my mther battled cancer in silence. When she learned f her diagnsis, she chse nt t tell anyne in ur family.(在过去的三年里，我的母亲一直在默默地与癌症作斗争。当她得知自己的诊断结果时，她选择不告诉我们家里的任何人。)”可知，母亲隐瞒病情的时间是三年，即超过36个月。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Every year, as my birthday apprached, she carefully selected a special gift, wrapped it in bright paper, and placed it in the garage (车库).(每年，在我生日临近的时候，她都会精心挑选一份特别的礼物，用鲜艳的包装纸包好，然后把它放在车库里。)”以及最后一段“A week after the funeral, I remembered the garage key. With trembling hands, I walked int the cluttered space. Behind the ld lawnmwer and stacked bxes, I fund a rw f neatly arranged gifts, ne fr each birthday she had planned.(葬礼结束一周后，我想起了车库的钥匙。我颤抖着双手，走进了杂乱的车库。在旧割草机和堆放的箱子后面，我发现了一排摆放整齐的礼物，每一份都是她为我计划好的每个生日准备的。)”可知，母亲把生日礼物藏在了车库里。因此，母亲把生日礼物藏在了房屋的外部存储区域。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Last mnth, my mther passed away. I was preparing t leave fr cllege ut f state, hping t see her prud smile as I walked nt the campus. Instead, I returned hme t an empty huse filled with stillness and eches f her laughter. My greatest regret is that she never gt t see me begin this new chapter f my life.(上个月，我的母亲去世了。我当时正准备去外州上大学，本希望在我走进校园时能看到她骄傲的笑容。然而，我回到家，看到的却是一所空荡荡的房子，弥漫着寂静，回荡着她曾经的笑声。我最大的遗憾是，她没能看到我开启人生的新篇章。)”可知，作者准备去外州上大学，本希望母亲能看到自己走进大学校园，看到她骄傲的笑容，然而母亲却去世了，没能看到作者开启人生的新篇章。所以作者最深的懊悔是母亲没能见证他进入大学。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者的母亲与癌症默默抗争，以及她对作者深沉的爱的故事。尽管身体虚弱痛苦，母亲仍一心为作者的幸福着想，每年作者生日临近时，她都会精心挑选礼物，藏在车库里，并在工具柜上方画小木牌，挂上车库钥匙，还在钥匙牌上写着“在我去世后打开”。选项D“The Key t Unspken Lve(无言的爱的钥匙)”中的“钥匙”指的是车库的钥匙，它打开了母亲为儿子准备的生日礼物，而这些礼物以及母亲独自承受病痛的行为都体现了她对儿子无言却深沉的爱。这个标题既包含了文章中的关键物品“钥匙”，又准确地传达了文章关于母亲对儿子的爱的主题。故选D。
06（2025·河北保定·一模）
Jamie Mittelman was utside all the time as a kid grwing up in Dver, Massachusetts. Sprts and exercise were a big part f her childhd: Hiking and skiing with her family, running track and field at schl, playing sccer.
Mittelman’s secnd passin — wrking with internatinal wmen and girls — was smething she first explred in cllege as an internatinal affairs and gegraphy majr and gender studies minr. Living in Chittagng, Bangladesh, Mittelman slidified her passin fr wrking with this demgraphic (特定人群). As an English grammar teacher and prject manager, Mittelman gt invlved with wmen frm 13 Asian cuntries and helped them prepare fr cllege. She saw them fr the future leaders they were — strng, smart, and capable. “Wrking with these incredible wmen fueled my passin t champin wmen and girls, especially thse frm different cntexts than my wn.”
“I’ve always been a huge fan f the Olympics,” she says. “I think they’re incredible, a time f great hpe.” When COVID-19 hit and the games were pstpned, with Harvard supprt, Mittelman launched her COVID-adaptatin f her dream jb: Flame Bearers, the first and nly glbal strytelling platfrm fr wmen Olympians and Paralympians. Flame Bearers is a pdcast, website, and scial media platfrm, bringing these athletes’ experiences t life, giving them a platfrm f celebratin and an pprtunity t share their learnings. Mittelman uses sprt as a vehicle fr issues such as pay equity, disability bias (偏见), r racial justice.
What she did knw was what she wanted the pdcast t represent. Mittelman gave the example f a disabled Chilean table tennis player, Tamara Lenelli, explaining that the press desn’t give her the time f day, let alne prtray her in a way that desn’t paint her with the pity brush. “I wanted t celebrate a diversity f regin, ability, sprt, fame, and then race, class, religin. And I wanted t prtray them as whle peple wh d mre than sprts.” Mittelman says that lack f quality representatin makes it near impssible fr yunger girls t see their future selves in smene wh desn’t “exist” tday.
1. When did Mittelman cmmit t advcating fr wmen and girls?
A. When playing sprts with her family.
B. When ding gender studies in cllege.
C. When wrking as a teacher and prject manager.
D. When preparing fr the cllege examinatins.
2. Why did Mittelman launch the Flame Bearers?
A. T adjust t the impact f the delay f the Olympics.
B. T gain fame by featuring wmen Olympians and Paralympians.
C. T tell stries t cheer up wmen Olympians and Paralympians.
D. T aruse peple’s attentin t wmen Olympians and Paralympians.
3. Mittelman mentined the example f Tamara Lenelli t shw ________.
A. there is prejudice in sprts media reprting
B. there is less high-quality media cverage
C. yunger girls find it difficult t achieve their dreams
D. wmen and disabled athletes can d better in Olympics
4. Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Mittelman? (人物性格题)
A. Fearless and strict.B. Persevering and cautius.
C. Passinate and careful.D. Supprtive and determined.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了Jamie Mittelman致力于为妇女和女性权益发声的故事。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“As an English grammar teacher and prject manager, Mittelman gt invlved with wmen frm 13 Asian cuntries and helped them prepare fr cllege. She saw them fr the future leaders they were — strng, smart, and capable. ‘Wrking with these incredible wmen fueled my passin t champin wmen and girls, especially thse frm different cntexts than my wn.’(作为一名英语语法老师和项目经理，Mittelman结识了来自13个亚洲国家的女性，并帮助她们为大学做准备。她认为他们是未来的领导者——他们坚强、聪明、有能力。‘与这些不可思议的女性一起工作激发了我支持女性和女孩的热情，尤其是那些与我背景不同的女性。’)”可知，Mittelman是在当老师和项目经理时开始倡导妇女和女孩权益的，故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Mittelman launched her COVID-adaptatin f her dream jb: Flame Bearers, the first and nly glbal strytelling platfrm fr wmen Olympians and Paralympians. Flame Bearers is a pdcast, website, and scial media platfrm, bringing these athletes’ experiences t life, giving them a platfrm f celebratin and an pprtunity t share their learnings.(Mittelman推出了她梦想工作的COVID改编版：Flame Bearers，这是第一个也是唯一一个面向女性奥运会运动员和残奥会运动员的全球讲故事平台。Flame Bearers是一个播客、网站和社交媒体平台，使这些运动员的经历更加生动，给他们一个庆祝的平台和分享他们学习的机会)”可知，Flame Bearers是一个面向女性奥运会运动员和残奥会运动员的全球讲故事平台，故Mittelman发起Flame Bearers是为了唤起人们对奥运会和残奥会女运动员的关注，故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Mittelman gave the example f a disabled Chilean table tennis player, Tamara Lenelli, explaining that the press desn’t give her the time f day, let alne prtray her in a way that desn’t paint her with the pity brush.(Mittelman以智利残疾乒乓球运动员Tamara Lenelli为例，解释说媒体不给她时间，更不用说用一种不带怜悯的方式来描述她了)”可知，媒体不愿花时间报道Tamara Lenelli，而且以带同情的方式描绘她，即媒体对残障运动员进行片面描述；由此可知，Mittelman提到Tamara Lenelli的例子是为了说明体育媒体报道中存在的偏见。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Wrking with these incredible wmen fueled my passin t champin wmen and girls, especially thse frm different cntexts than my wn.(与这些不可思议的女性一起工作激发了我支持妇女和女孩的热情，尤其是那些与我背景不同的女性)”和第三段中“Mittelman uses sprt as a vehicle fr issues such as pay equity, disability bias(偏见), r racial justice.(Mittelman将体育作为解决薪酬平等、残疾偏见或种族公正等问题的工具)”以及第三段中“When COVID-19 hit and the games were pstpned, with Harvard supprt, Mittelman launched her COVID-adaptatin f her dream jb: Flame Bearers, the first and nly glbal strytelling platfrm fr wmen Olympians and Paralympians.(当COVID-19袭来，奥运会被推迟时，在Harvard的支持下，Mittelman推出了她梦想工作的COVID改编版：Flame Bearers，这是第一个也是唯一一个面向女性奥运会运动员和残奥会运动员的全球讲故事平台。)”可知，Mittelman支持妇女和女性权益，克服疫情影响推动平台发展，创建Flame Bearers；由此可知， Mittelman支持帮助他人且意志坚定，故选D。
07（2025·山东·二模）
Did yu knw that an average Indian husehld wastes ver 50 litres f water daily? At just 18, Mannat Kaur has fund a way t change that. Mannat’s stry twards sustainability began at hme. Her parents had educated her in fllwing a mre sustainable path twards everyday events. This early expsure t sustainable practices laid the fundatin fr her later effrts. Hwever, Mannat’s passin fr water recycling was sparked by a first-hand experience in 2016. “I saw peple struggling fr tw days during a supply shrtage in Delhi’s canals, searching fr water and carrying their pts,” recalls Mannat.
Determined t find a slutin, 10-year-ld Mannat started researching. She surveyed 400 peple t understand barriers t greywater (洗涤水) recycling. Mannat fund that peple were willing t have a recycling system, but the limitatins and the lack f knwledge stpped them frm ding s. Driven by a desire t bridge this gap, Mannat began a missin.
Her innvatin, a decentralised greywater recycling system, cmprises tw key cmpnents: the Bilge Vessel (BV) and the Scupper Valve (SV). The Scupper Valve, a cmpact device placed in the flr drain, cllects shwer and kitchen greywater, which is then pumped t the Bilge Vessel r filtratin (过滤). The Bilge Vessel is a three-bucket filtratin system that purifies water using natural filter media. “The Bilge Vessel stres the recycled water, which can be used fr nn-drinking peratins and activities that require nn-human cntact like irrigatin, mpping, car washing, etc,” shares Mannat.
The impact f Mannat’s system is evident in her wn hme, where the prttype has been functining fr tw years. Fr a family f fur, the system saves 5,000 t 6,000 litres f ptable water per mnth, effectively recycling 50%f their water demand. Furthermre, her decentralised apprach significantly reduces carbn emissins cmpared t traditinal centralised sewage treatment systems.
Mannat Kaur’s jurney is an inspiring example f hw yuthful innvatin, cupled with a deep understanding f real-wrld prblems, can lead t impactful slutins. Her greywater recycling system addresses water scarcity and prmtes a sustainable lifestyle, making her a true champin f envirnmental stewardship.
1. What inspired Mannat t fcus n water recycling?
A. A scientific prject.B. Delhi’s water crisis.
C. Her parents’ advice.D. A husehld practice.
2. What was a prblem with greywater recycling accrding t the survey?
A. Lack f gvernment funding.B. Public disinterest in recycling
C. Great distance between families.D. Challenges in knwledge and methds.
3. Hw des Mannat’s creatin wrk?
A. By cllecting, filtering and string.B. By treating, purifying, and string.
C. By reducing, recycling and reusing.D. By pumping, filtering and dumping.
4. Which might be the best title fr the text? (标题概括题)
A. Reducing Pllutin in HusehldsB. Persnal Effrts in Water Cnservatin
C. A Teen’s Innvatin fr Water RecyclingD. The Histry f Pllutin Treatment Systems
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了18岁的Mannat Kaur受德里供水短缺事件的启发，通过研究发明了一种分散式洗涤水回收系统，以解决水资源短缺问题，并在自己家中取得了显著成效，她的创新之旅激励着人们通过创新解决实际问题。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段““I saw peple struggling fr tw days during a supply shrtage in Delhi’s canals, searching fr water and carrying their pts,” recalls Mannat.(“我看到在德里运河供水短缺期间，人们挣扎了两天，四处找水，提着水罐，”Mannat回忆说)” 及第二段“Determined t find a slutin, 10-year-ld Mannat started researching. She surveyed 400 peple t understand barriers t greywater (洗涤水) recycling.(决心找到一个解决方案，10岁的Mannat开始研究。她调查了400人，以了解中水回收的障碍)”可知，德里的水危机激发了Mannat对水回收的关注。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Mannat fund that peple were willing t have a recycling system, but the limitatins and the lack f knwledge stpped them frm ding s.(Mannat发现人们愿意有一个回收系统，但限制和知识的缺乏阻止了他们这样做)”可知，根据调查，洗涤水回收的问题是知识和方法上的挑战。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Her innvatin, a decentralised greywater recycling system, cmprises tw key cmpnents: the Bilge Vessel (BV) and the Scupper Valve (SV). The Scupper Valve, a cmpact device placed in the flr drain, cllects shwer and kitchen greywater, which is then pumped t the Bilge Vessel r filtratin (过滤). The Bilge Vessel is a three-bucket filtratin system that purifies water using natural filter media. “The Bilge Vessel stres the recycled water, which can be used fr nn-drinking peratins and activities that require nn-human cntact like irrigatin, mpping, car washing, etc,” shares Mannat.(她的创新是一个分散的灰水回收系统，由两个关键部件组成：舱底容器（BV）和排污阀（SV）。排污阀是一种安装在地漏处的小型装置，用于收集淋浴和厨房的灰水，然后将其泵入舱底容器或过滤系统。舱底容器是一个三桶过滤系统，使用天然过滤介质净化水。曼纳特说：“舱底容器储存了循环水，这些循环水可以用于非饮用操作和需要非人类接触的活动，如灌溉、拖地、洗车等。”)” 可知，Mannat的发明通过收集、过滤和储存来工作。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了18岁的Mannat Kaur受德里供水短缺事件的启发，通过研究发明了一种分散式洗涤水回收系统，以解决水资源短缺问题，并在自己家中取得了显著成效，她的创新之旅激励着人们通过创新解决实际问题。由此可知，“一个青少年的水循环创新”适合作本文最佳标题。故C。
08（2025·全国·模拟预测）
When peple ask me nw why I’m nt an Instagram user, I usually give a general respnse like, “I’m nt really a scial media persn.” But the true reasns are mre cmplicated.
Fr a while, I quite liked this. I didn’t have t bther cultivating a perfect prfile, and culd enjy a sense f mral superirity believing I didn’t buy int the same image-driven sciety as ther teenagers. It’s true that I appeared t care less abut ppularity than sme f my peers — if nly because I’d always been n the utside lp. Admittedly, this may als be a reflectin f my fixatin n smething else at schl: studying. My satisfactin did nt cme frm scial media likes, but frm teacher reprts and test papers.
Yet, ver time, I have als felt the negative effects f my lack f scial media presence. At schl, as at university, it partly cntributed t my status as a wallflwer. Abve all, it was islating. Aside frm a small circle f friends (frtunately, extremely gd nes), I felt that peple generally did nt knw me, r even knw f me, and I didn’t knw them. Wuld Instagram have helped me make friends mre easily?
Overall, I have a cntradictry attitude twards my wn lack f Instagram. In sme ways, I feel that it has genuinely bettered my utlk n life, enabling me t resist cnstant cmparisn with thers, but, at times, I have als felt it t be an unnecessary self-impsed scial exclusin. The latter may reveal hw deep-rted scial media has becme in ur times.
Fr better r fr wrse, I did take a different rute. I never created a scial media presence. I never psted phts. I never watched hw many likes they gt. Whichever path I might have gne dwn, there are psitives and negatives t bth. But this is the chice I tk. And that has made all the difference.
1. What des the underlined wrd “wallflwer” represent in Paragraph 3? (猜测词义题)
A. An utsider.B. An utging persn.
C. A garden plant in spring.D. A flwer grwing n the wall.
2. Which may be the negative effect f using Instagram?
A. Making ne islated.B. Causing mental diseases.
C. Cultivating dependent persnality.D. Causing cnstant cmparisns with thers.
3. Which may the authr agree with?
A. Instagram is a must in scial media age.
B. Scial media play a vital rle in ur times.
C. Lack f scial media makes peple insecure.
D. Instagram imprves mental and physical health.
4. Which can best describe the authr? (人物性格题)
A. Independent-minded.B. Old-fashined.
C. Outging.D. Over-cnfident.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者没有使用社交媒体Instagram，并分析了其原因。
1. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“At schl, as at university, it partly cntributed t my status as a wallflwer. Abve all, it was islating. Aside frm a small circle f friends (frtunately, extremely gd nes), I felt that peple generally did nt knw me, r even knw f me, and I didn’t knw them.(在中学，就像在大学一样，这在一定程度上促成了我作为wallflwer的地位。最重要的是，这是一种孤立。除了一小群朋友（幸运的是，非常好的朋友），我觉得人们一般都不认识我，甚至不知道我，我也不认识他们)”可知，作者因没有使用Instagram等社交媒体，在学校处于一种孤立的状态，人们不了解他，他也不了解别人。由此可推知，“wallflwer”在这里指的是像局外人一样的人。故选A项。
2. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“In sme ways, I feel that it has genuinely bettered my utlk n life, enabling me t resist cnstant cmparisn with thers(在某些方面，我觉得它确实改善了我的人生观，使我能够抵制不断与他人比较)”可知，作者认为没有使用Instagram等社交媒体使自己能够抵制与他人不断的比较，由此可推断使用Instagram可能会导致与他人不断比较。故选D项。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The latter may reveal hw deep-rted scial media has becme in ur times.(后者可能揭示了社交媒体在我们这个时代已经变得多么根深蒂固)”可知，作者认为社交媒体在当今时代已经根深蒂固，这表明作者认同社交媒体在我们这个时代发挥着重要作用。故选B项。
4. 推理判断题。通读全文以及最后一段“Fr better r fr wrse, I did take a different rute. I never created a scial media presence. I never psted phts. I never watched hw many likes they gt. Whichever path I might have gne dwn, there are psitives and negatives t bth. But this is the chice I tk. And that has made all the difference.(不管是好是坏，我确实选择了一条不同的路线。我从来没有创建过社交媒体。我从来没有发过照片。我从来没看过有多少人点赞。无论我走哪条路，都有积极和消极的一面。但这是我的选择。这让一切都不同了)”可知，作者能够在大家普遍使用社交媒体的时代，根据自己的思考和感受，坚持不使用Instagram，有自己独立的判断和想法，所以“Independent-minded(有独立思想的)”能最好地描述作者。故选A项。
09（2025·湖南长沙·三模）
“Hey, lady! Yu can mve yur ugly car up nw!” The silver-haired driver behind me in a fancy truck rudely yelled at me. Withut much thught, I yelled back at the man, “What? Are yu in a rush r smething? ”
I was waiting in line at the drive-thrugh t rder ur breakfast n a Sunday mrning. There were nly 12 inches r s between me and the car in frnt f me. There were als three additinal cars in frnt f that ne. We were getting nwhere fast. What was he hping t gain by yelling at me?
I wanted t let my wn anger g after this ridiculus exchange. But the mre I thught abut it, the angrier I gt. I was angry that he yelled at a mther in frnt f tw kids. My daughter and my sn were bth cnfused and saddened by what they had just witnessed. We were n ur way t a sccer turnament, and we had a bnus day free frm schl and wrk. Prbably, there was nthing in the wrld t be upset abut. Then this man let his anger ut.
I tld my kids I was s mad that I had t rll my windw up s that I wuldn’t keep yelling at this guy. Then, I stpped and lked back. I had mved up the 12 r s inches at his “suggestin”, while he hadn’t mved an inch. Suddenly, I felt sympathy fr him. He must have been suffering in sme way. As my kids and I slwly made ur way t the pick-up windw t pay fr ur rder, I had an idea.
“I heard hw rude that man was t yu, and I wanted t aplgize t yu fr having t put up with that. He isn’t wrth paying fr,” the cashier said t me. “My kids supprt me in ding that,” I answered the cashier, adding that hate cannt drive ut hate.
1. Why was the driver angry with the authr?
A. Her car cut in.B. She held up his truck.
C. Her car stpped suddenly.D. She screamed at him.
2. What des the authr mainly tell us in paragraph 3?
A. Why her anger kept grwing.B. What her kids’ reactin was.
C. Hw she calmed herself dwnD. Why she rdered the breakfast.
3. What was the authr’s final decisin?
A. She taught her kids a lessn.B. She aplgized t the driver.
C. She paid fr the driver’s fd.D. She gave the cashier sme advice
4. What des the authr intend t cnvey in the text? (文章寓意题)
A. Respnd t hate with kindness
B. Deal with a man as he deals with yu.
C. Put distance between yur car and anther.
D. Never g t the drive-thrugh at rush hurs
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在驾车排队等待时，遭到后方司机的无理指责，作者虽然一度愤怒，但最后选择了以善意回应恶意的故事。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Hey, lady! Yu can mve yur ugly car up nw!(‘嘿，女士！你现在可以把你的丑车往前挪挪了！’)”和第二段“There were nly 12 inches r s between me and the car in frnt f me. There were als three additinal cars in frnt f that ne. We were getting nwhere fast. What was he hping t gain by yelling at me? (我的车前面大概只有12英寸左右的空间，那辆车前面还有三辆其他的车。我们几乎一动不动。他冲我大吼大叫，到底希望得到什么好处？)”可知，司机对作者生气是因为她阻碍了他的车子，尽管实际上前面的车都几乎没动，而作者与前车的距离只有12英寸左右，并没有造成阻碍。故选B。
2. 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“I wanted t let my wn anger g after this ridiculus exchange. But the mre I thught abut it, the angrier I gt. I was angry that he yelled at a mther in frnt f tw kids. My daughter and my sn were bth cnfused and saddened by what they had just witnessed. We were n ur way t a sccer turnament, and we had a bnus day free frm schl and wrk. Prbably, there was nthing in the wrld t be upset abut. Then this man let his anger ut.(在这次荒谬的交流之后，我想放下自己的愤怒。但我越是想这件事，就越是愤怒。我生气的是，他竟然在两个孩子面前对一个母亲大吼大叫。我的女儿和儿子都对他们刚刚目睹的一切感到困惑和难过。我们正要去一个足球比赛，我们有一个额外的休息日，不用上学也不用工作。可能，世界上没有什么值得烦恼的。然后这个男人发泄了他的愤怒。)”可知，作者原本想要放下自己的愤怒，但经过反复思考后，愤怒反而加剧了。作者特别强调了这位男子在孩子们面前的行为对孩子们造成的负面影响，以及他们原本应该是一个开心的日子却因为这位男子的愤怒行为而被破坏。由此可知，第三段主要讲述了为什么作者越来越生气。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“As my kids and I slwly made ur way t the pick-up windw t pay fr ur rder, I had an idea.(当我和孩子们慢慢走向取货窗口为我们的订单付款时，我有了一个主意。)”和文章最后一段“I heard hw rude that man was t yu, and I wanted t aplgize t yu fr having t put up with that. He isn’t wrth paying fr,” the cashier said t me. (‘我听说那个人对你有多粗鲁，我想向你道歉，因为我不得不忍受他。他不值得为他付钱，’收银员对我说。)”可知，作者最后决定为那位粗鲁的司机支付早餐费，这是她对事件的最终回应。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。通过最后一段中““My kids supprt me in ding that,” I answered the cashier, adding that hate cannt drive ut hate.(‘我的孩子们支持我这样做，’我回答收银员，并补充说，仇恨不能驱除仇恨。)”，再结合文章内容可知，尽管那位司机对作者粗鲁，但是作者最终决定为他支付餐费；因此，作者想要传达的是以善意回应恶意。故选A项。
10（2025·全国·模拟预测）
Frm a small Vermnt cuntryside cmmunity cmes the stry f a cuple wh stpped cutting their massive lawn (草坪) and grew wildflwers instead, pleasing the neighbrs, birds, bees, and butterflies.
Jnathan Yack and Natalie Gilliard mved back t Chittenden, Vermnt after living n Lng Island fr many years. Their 5-acre prperty in Chittenden had a sea f grass that required a whle day t cut. Wanting t d smething different, they explained their issue f tiring cutting t a lcal friend wh just happened t wrk fr a cmpany called American Lawns.
It wuld cst the cuple hundred dllars and require a fair amunt f initial wrk, but the friend suggested they turn t a wildflwer lawn that wuld grw n its wn. They liked the idea and s gt rid f an acre’s wrth f grass, pulled ut all the large stnes, turned ver the sil, threw dwn the cntents f a 50-pund bag f wildflwer seed cntaining 27 species, and then waited.
In the next spring, they arrived, painting the landscape with varius clrs and wildlife. It started with an explsin f tiny white flwers, then came ther clrs: pink catchfly, bright range sulphur csms, red clumbine, and purple fxglve.
The beauty f the lawn was striking, and sn it began t draw the lcal cmmunity’s attentin. Peple expressed their gratitude fr clring their mrning bus jurney, peple brught baked gds, flwers, and mst imprtantly, fr the tw newcmers wh had had difficulty meeting new peple n Lng Island, they brught friendship. Neighbrs Jenna Baird and Jacb Pwsner were s inspired by the lawn that they asked t wrk tgether with Yack and Gilliard n seeding anther acre n their prperty.
1. Why did the cuple want t change their lawn at first?
A. T narrw the size f the lawn.B. T make it different frm thers.
C. T entertain peple and wildlife.D. T avid time-cnsuming cutting.
2. What did the cuple’s friend advise them t d?
A. Turn t the lawn cmpany.B. Plant a self-sustaining lawn.
C. Get rid f mst f the grass.D. Grw mre kinds f flwers.
3. What did the new lawn bring?
A. Mre wrk pprtunities.B. A dnated public space.
C. Enhanced lcal bidiversity.D. A ppular friendship center.
4. What des the authr want t cnvey thrugh the stry? (文章寓意题)
A. Yu harvest what yu sw.B. Actins speak luder than wrds.
C. Rme wasn’t built in a day.D. The early bird catches the wrm.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对夫妇决定不再修剪他们的大草坪，而是种植野花，这一改变不仅给邻居们带来了欢乐，也吸引了鸟类、蜜蜂和蝴蝶等野生动物。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Their 5-acre prperty in Chittenden had a sea f grass that required a whle day t cut. Wanting t d smething different, they explained their issue f tiring cutting t a lcal friend wh just happened t wrk fr a cmpany called American Lawns. (他们在Chittenden的5英亩的物业上有一大片草地，需要花费整整一天的时间来修剪。因为想做些不同的事情，他们向一位恰好在American Lawns公司工作的当地朋友解释了令人劳累的修剪问题)”可知，这对夫妇改造草坪的初衷是想要避免耗时的草坪修剪工作。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It wuld cst the cuple hundred dllars and require a fair amunt f initial wrk, but the friend suggested they turn t a wildflwer lawn that wuld grw n its wn. They liked the idea and s gt rid f an acre’s wrth f grass, pulled ut all the large stnes, turned ver the sil, threw dwn the cntents f a 50-pund bag f wildflwer seed cntaining 27 species, and then waited. (这对夫妇需要花费几百美元并进行相当数量的前期工作，但朋友建议他们改用一种能够自我生长的野花草坪。他们喜欢这个想法，于是清除了大约一英亩的草坪，拔出了所有大石头，翻动了土壤，撒下了一袋重达50磅、包含27种种子的野花种子，然后等待)”可知，朋友建议他们种一个可以自我维持的野花草坪。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“In the next spring, they arrived, painting the landscape with varius clrs and wildlife. (第二年春天，它们到来，为这片土地染上了各种色彩和生机)”以及第五段中“The beauty f the lawn was striking, and sn it began t draw the lcal cmmunity’s attentin. (草坪的美丽令人惊叹，很快吸引了当地社区的注意)”可知，新的草坪带来了各种颜色和野生动植物，美化了景观，并且很快引起了当地社区的注意，说明它增强了当地的生物多样性。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据全文内容以及最后一段中“Peple expressed their gratitude fr clring their mrning bus jurney, peple brught baked gds, flwers, and mst imprtantly, fr the tw newcmers wh had had difficulty meeting new peple n Lng Island, they brught friendship. (人们表达了他们的感谢，因为美丽的花草丰富了他们早晨的公交旅程，有人送来了烘焙食品、鲜花，而最重要的是，对于这对在长岛难以结识新朋友的新来者而言，人们带来了友谊)”可知，文章通过讲述Jnathan和Natalie改变草坪的故事，传达了一个关于努力和回报的道理。他们通过种植野花草坪，不仅减少了繁琐的修剪工作，还为社区带来了美丽和生机，赢得了邻居们的喜爱和友谊。这正是“种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆”的体现。故选A。
卷别
主题
话题
词数
细节
理解题
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词义题
推理
判断题
主旨
大意题
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同义替换
与原文关键信息相同含义的不同表达
信息归纳
对分散或复杂的信息进行概括或比较
正话反说
把原文中的意思反过来表达意思明了
原文原词
利用原文原词作为正确选项比较简单
张冠李戴
是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容
无中生有
符合生活常识，但不是该文章的内容
曲解文意
极其相似但是细节处与原文有些出入
颠倒是非
在意思上与原文大相径庭或完全相反
正误参半
选项内容部分正确，部分和原文错误
分类
例词
正面评价
brave勇敢的kind善良的ptimistic乐观的reliable可靠的determined坚定的humrus幽默的generus慷慨的reserved内敛的ambitius有野心的sensitive敏感的creative有创造性的
负面评价
dd古怪的rude粗鲁的stubbrn固执的selfish自私的impatient不耐烦的cwardly懦弱的
英语谚语
汉语
Practice makes perfect.
熟能生巧。
Mre haste, less speed.
欲速则不达。
Well begun is half dne.
好的开始是成功的一半。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难见真情。
Actins speak luder than wrds.
事实胜于雄辩。
All rads lead t Rme.
条条大路通罗马。
An apple a day keeps the dctr away.
一天一苹果，医生远离我。
Beauty lies in the lve's eyes.
情人眼里出西施。
Dn't put ff till tmrrw what shuld be dne tday.
今日事，今日毕。
Every dg has its day.
凡人皆有得意日。
Failure is the mther f success.
失败是成功之母。
Gd helps thse wh help themselves.
自助者天助。
Gd medicine tastes bitter.
良药苦口。
Great minds think alike.
英雄所见略同。
He wh laughs last laughs best.
谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。
It is never t late t mend.
亡羊补牢，为时未晚。
One false step will make a great difference.
失之毫厘，谬之千里。
Experience is the mther f wisdm.
实践出真知。
Slw and steady wins the race.
稳扎稳打无往而不胜。